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3 E O R E
1 3 1'ILJ P R O P E R T Y 0 ? H I S
BBXMIgC^IiAJ^IilJ ^
GgTOMSIg.
1
T.
CP.240(30)
H A f l R I B P ffQLIBH I N
RECEIPT
Memorandum b y t h e
1*
I
have
already
giving: figures
benefit,
The
given
regard
Cabinet
to
Conclusion
enquiry
b e e n made
and
a
detailed
2.
Married
last
two
unemployment
are
in
benefit
whether
any p a r t i c u l a r
of
work
time.
or
hex
if
In
she
the
who h a s
leaving
home
as
unsuitable,,
3.
Married
the
last
years
the
or
two
had no
such
been
of
as
in
to
years
have
paid
but
any time
may
condition
normally
employment.
Large
employment
appended.
a
in
claim
the
to
considering
for
her,
account
or
other
available
of
working
to
only
which would
for
are
district
of
part­
at
regarded
in
if
their
married
work
necessitate
is
normally
considerable
is
full­
contributions
benefit
obtain
for
husband
contributions
they
family
be
paid t h i r t y
numbers
for
are
country,
suitable
another
seek
the
or
woman w h o s e
qualify
that
special
work
is
8
be
for
employment
removing
should
available
habit
a married
transitional
contributions
In
a
women
a
results
children
the
not
insurable
married
establish
woman n e e d n o t
children,
and w i l l
to
to
throughout
the
is
employment
have
transitional
insurable
has
or
regard
purpose
thirty
able
(CP.235(30) )
information
this
out
paid
women who
30 a t
employment
The
case
young
have
with
Exchanges
setting
ties,
responsibilities.
time
all
woman c l a i m a n t
family
Cabinet
during unemployment.
a married
taken
the
paid t o
For
general
whether
is
Lao o u r .
that
benefits
at
women who
years
also
4).
analysis
to
BENEFIT.
of
and f a c t s
asked
the
(CP,35(30)
has
Minister
circulated
memorandum
with
OF UNrnghOYMENT
last
they
in
in
two
satisfy
insurable
livelihood
women who
periods
of
by
had
time,
*
and had not maintained registration at the Employment Exchange,
claimed benefit when the Unemployment Insurance Act,193 0,
came into operation, and a proportion have been disallowed
under the transitional conditions.
The Umpire has ruled
that benefit should not be disallowed under the transitional
conditions merely because the claimant s efforts to find
r
employment were not as well directed or as energetic as they
might have been;
on the other hand, he has said that
Parliaments did not intend to allow benefit to persons who
prefer to live upon poor Law Relief, Unemployment Benefit,
or any other source of income not derived from wages earned
in insurable e m p l o y m e n t T h e Umpire has also pointed out
that many women marry in the expectation that they will be
maintained by their husbands and will be free to devote them­
selves to domestic duties, and accordingly where a woman has
for several months after marriage talc en no steps to obtain
insurable employment it may be presumed that she has abandoned
insurable employment.
Such a presumption m a y be rebutted by
particular circumstances, such as ill-health of the claimant.
4.
While in some industries, e.g. cotton, married women
are commonly employed after marriage, in most industries this
is "unusual, and in many cases it is difficult or impossible
for married women to obtain employment in ordinary Industrial
occupations.
Further there is some tendeney at present in
those Industries where women are largely employed for
employers when reducing staff to discharge married women
first.
The fact that a claimant is not likely to obtain
further industrial employment is, however, not a discualifica­
tion for the receipt of unemployment benefit.
5.
Numbers Insured.
At July 1929 there were about
2,760,000 women aged 18 to 64 Insured under the Unemployment
Insurance Acts in Great Britain, as compared with 7,922,000
men, 583,000 boys and 435,000 girls.
The number of married
women included in this total is not available.
The principal industries in which insured women are
employed are shown in the table in Appendix I.
Nearly half
the total are in the textile and distributive trades.
6.
Unemployment
Men apAWomen.
The percentage of recorded
unemployment among men and women respectively at the end of
June in each of the last four years was as follows
Date^. *-
Men.
Women.
June 1930.
16. 6
16.6
June 1929.
11.4
7.2
June 1928.
12.8
7.0
June 1927.
10.5
5.7
The relatively heavier increase in unemployment among
women
began about October of last year.
Between 21st October
1929 and 30th June, 1930, the number 9f women on the register
**f Employment Exchanges increased h y 108.4- per cent from
214,444 t* .447,034, while the number of men increased by
45 per cent frwi 935,921 t* 1,358,001.
7*
Unemployed
ment
among: women a n d t h e
compared
with
degression
in
which
textile
which
trades
separate
the
is
is
persons
8.
are
has
part
It
is
reflected
for
certain
the
number
largely
a
A
in Appendix
the
mainly
of
in
total
and proportion
extent,
is
due t o
benefit
not
the
in
14th
October,
24th
February,
1929.1
1930.
1930.
ITo p r e c i s e
statistics
of
women a s
insured
almost
by
the
of
number
the
of
benefit.
£he
following
number
of
who w e r e
table
shows
women c l a i m a n t s , a n d
married.
Per c ent.
of
total.
Number.
July,
conditions
effect
the
to
M a r r i e d Women C l a i m a n t s
pumber o f
Women C l a i m a n t s i n c l u d e d I n p r e v i o u s
column.
on R e g i s t e r .
Date,
7th
other
possible
new
the
e.g.
for
introduced
that
as
industries
I I .
increase
Women C l a i m a n t s .
those
analysis
It
unemploy­
trade
detailed
however,
the
recent
considerable
transitional
the
the
In
increase
affected
increase
probable,
dates
to
particularly
to
increase
percentage
unemployment
receipt
Married
due
of
of
General
higher
and p o t t e r y .
receipt
in
!Eae
employed
given
that
1930 A c t .
Aot
men
women a r e
industries
for
Women.
certainly
165,250
75,440
"45.6
295,536
129,018
43.7
434,000
(approx.)
199,750
46.0
are
available
a whole
less
than
who
40
are
per
as
to
the
married,
cent.
proportion
but
it
is
*
9
Locality.
Division
at
7th
the
July
the
number
the
total
The
number
1930,
of
following
of
the
married
for
the
table
women c l a i m a n t s
numbers
women
country
in
as
for
for
each
each
administrative
Benefit
and p e r c e n t a g e s
Division
who
as
on t h e
register
are married
a percentage
of
(4;
(3)
Percentage
Number i n ­
who a r e
cluded in
married.
C o l . 2 who
are married
(5)
P e r c e n t a g e of
t o t a l married
women c l a i m ­
ants i n each
Division.
London &
S.
Eastern
34,000
16,780
49.3
8.4
S.Western
10,200
3,590
35.2
1.8
Midlands
75,000
39,170
52.2
19.6
IT, E a s t e r n
68,300
26,140
38.3
13.1
IN. V / e s t e r n
196,000
94,780
48.4
47.4
45,500
18,530
40.7
9.3
5,000
760
15.2
0.4
434,000
199,750
46.0
100.0
Scotland
$ales
Gt.Britain
and
a whole.
' (2)
E s t i m a t e d number
o f women c l a i m a n t s
on R e g i s t e r a t
7th J u l y , 1930.
'
(1)
DIvision
gives
J
Xo,
The
proportion
classified
as
i f
Wholly
"Normally
in
fol.lovr.LNG
table.
casual
unemployed
^Temporarily
jCasuals
Total
..
married
and
Unemployed",
employment"
single
stopped,
women
"Temporarily
respectively,
Harri ed.
per cent.
-
$holly
of
on
the
register
Stopped"
are
shown
and
in
the
Single,
per cent.
67.7
38.7
31.7
61.0
0.6
0,3
100.0
100.0
407
The
in
proportion
the
were
North
in
South
due
to
large
women h o m p e ^ a r l J L y
Division
category
Eastern
the
married
Western
that
and
of
as
where
c cm p a r e d
Division.
number
of
42.2
with
This
shopped, l a
per
7.5
cent
per
disparity
women t e m p o r a r i l y
cf
cent
is,
highest
the
in
of
stopped
total
London
course,
in
the
cotton
industry.
11.
Ordinary
table
straws
on
and
the
Ordinary
14th
October,
Married
1
1
Ordinary
Benefit.
1
'- '
bh
)
my
33 0.
)
)
4th
and
)
929.
)
ma.rried
Transitional
The
and. s i n g l e
Benefit
at
women
7th
fallowing
respoctively
July,
1930,
claimants.
Single
wcmen
Ordinary
Benefit.
Number
Number
fa
claimants.
Transitional
Benefit.
Number ­
fa
­
36,550
163 ,2 00 8 1 . 7
18.3
^
2 2 5 , 8 00 or
JO . o
14,400
7.5
8.8
8 6 , 6 0 0 Q6 4-
3 ,190
3.6
­
6 ,63 0
6 8 , 8 00 9 1 . 2
It
will
also
on T r a n s i t i o n a l
been
Benefit
number
of
nearly
six
times.
12.
The
fallowing
on
of
Benefit.
Transitional
Benefit.
)
3tr.
Transitional
1929.
women
Number -
ite.
and
proportion
Benefit
-.1
i
Benefit
married
Ordinary
seen
has
women
Benefit
while
the
quadrupled
gives
the
Transitional
Benefit
Benefit
nf
October
has
percentages
Ordinary
Benefit.
Division.
number
since
on T r a n s i t i o n a l
table
and
that
for
single
last,
been
each
'
Transitional
Benefit.
86.2
13.8
Midlands
82.5
17.5
North
Eastern
81.3
18 . 7
North
Western
81.1
18.9
Scotland
75.4
24.6
Wa Je s
81.8.
South
Eastern
Western
Great
Britain
81.7
.
division
respectively.
9.8
South
the
multiplied
9 0.2
London and
women
18.2
18.3
The
lowor
Divisions
for
percentages
are
employment
proportions
special
of
13.
in
no
of tmnai.tJ.onal benefit
ioubt
in
that
other
oiTeafc o f
the
together
Age
a r e a but
with
Group.
of
it
are
Unemployment
among
Distribution,
and p r o p o r t i o n
part
Divisions
h e a v y unemployment
Age
due i n
married
the
the better-oppcrtunitie s
is
probable that
due
in
part
Insurance
at
Act,
the
higher
least
to
1930" i n
table
women o l a l m a n t s
figures
in
relating
gives
P e r cent
Of ' b ot a l *
the
various
to
areas
number
age
October,
groups
1929*
M a r r i e d women
claimants
14th October,1929,
,,, - . * u - r . . . . . . . . .
Number.
L
1
Per cent,
of t o t a l .
18-20
6,600
3.3
2,300
3.1
21*34
36,790
18.4
12,950
17.2
25-34
84,010
42.1
31,220
41.4
35-44
43,330
21.7
17,030
22,6
45-54
21,690
10.8
9,140
12.1
55-64
7,330
3,7
2,750
3.6
199,750
100.0
75,390
100.0
Total,
the
women.
M a r r i e d women
olaiman
7 t h J u l y , 193 0 .
Number.
Southern
to
Ehe f o l l o w i n g
corresponding
in
Industrial analysis.
14.
the v a r i o u s
Among
cotton industry furnishes t h e g r e a t e s t
claimants.
number
industries
of married
3 8 . 3 per cent of the total a r e from t h a t
and ef this number nearly half are from the w e a v i n g
i?crnen
industry
section,
per cent were in the woollen and worsted i n d u s t r y ,
7.4
the
6.1
2 . 1 per cent in the engineering
per cent in the metal industries,
and motor vehicle trades, and 5 . 3 per- cent in t h e distributive
trades.
The
proportions pf the total n u m b e r of m a r r i e d women
claimants,
who
h a d a low r a t e
have
paper t r a d e s ,
tobacco
rjer c e n t
per
cent,
high
England
15.
being
Benefit
amount
of
who h a v e
been
Unemployment
period
to u n d e r s t a t e
year
less
than
benefit
months,
of u n e m p l o y m e n t
the
It
for by the
South
statistics
women
of married
of
claimants
of
tfomen
of t h e
of b e n e f i t
and t h i s
is
figures
f o r the
by reason
24
Although
f o r t h e amount
but i n the case
The
cent,
surprising.
by married
are available
four
20 p e r
Direct
Act 1930, the r e c o r d
t h e amount
as a whole,,
experienced
to r e c e i v e
Benefit.
trade
the figure
12 months..
drink
14 t o 17
22.8 per cent.
is
and
( e . g . Jute
trades
i s accounted
cent.
drawn,
from
industries,
group
10 p e r
Figures
Insurance
of rather
this
a n d food,
and shoe
is a seasonal
country,
unemployment
enabled
which
the metal
this
in p r e v i o u s
benefit
in industries
an T r a n s i t i o n a l
the
of
about
drawn
for
that
part
different
industries
service
service
figure
are n o t a v a i l a b l e .
unemployment
house
house
however,
the northern
the
18.3 per c e n t ) ,
and boarding
to b e n o t e d ,
of
In these
in t h e t e x t i l e
and b o a r d i n g
comparatively
for
beet
t h e m a r r i e d women w e r e
Cotton
and h o t e l
hotel
and t h e clething,
is highest
vary with
unemployment, s u c h a s t h e p r i n t i n g
ef
industries.
pf
proportion
Benefit
T h e percentages a r e l o w e s t
industries.
and
a r e e n Transitional
tends
experienced
covers
a
therefore
f o r the
The
average
12 m o n t h s
by
was
104
the
average
it
was
84.5
but
only
days
no
average
women
all
at
unemployment
the
in
drawn v a r i e s
be
Married
in
the
Jixly,
1930,
Benefit
Benefit
104
days
compares
with
at
16th
September,
the
for
having
last
claimants
married
regard
w o u l d show an
the
that
married
increase
women
to
10 months
both
1929,
an
and
over
that
last.
the
different
women
aged
year
while
those
Jute
Industry
average
amount
industries
55-64
aged
drew
18-24
on
and
of
benefit
different
the
average
age
122
drew an a v e r a g e
of
days.
Tn t h e
together
cotton
was
not
131
industry
About
75
more
days
and
as
79
the
average
compared
with
over
106
in
the
engineering
the
married
per
cent
of
than
half
the
were
on b e n e f i t
for
more
were
on b e n e f i t
for
the
masimum p e r i o d
than
whole
half
the
M i n i s L;rjr o f
Labour.
J u l y , .,193 0.
all
ages
d&ys i n
and m o t o r
women w e r e
while
on
taken
the
industry.
benefit
25 p e r
period.
year.
(Int d.)
14th
7th
-previous
Ordinary
probable,
time
at
the
on
available
during
expected,
between
of
is
women
September
might
groups.
present
during
on T r a n s i t i o n a l
those
claimants
is
all
those
and f o r
average
It
for
of
figure
date.
drawn
women u n e m p l o y e d
days
for
figure
As
for
144
benefit
case
The
in
obtained
102
the
days.
that
increase
days
In
was
of
married
corresponding
at
single
a l l
days.
96
amount
M . Pr.B.
1.7
cent
per
cent
Industry.
Number
Distributive
of
insured
550,720
Cotton
322,410)
Woollen
)
worsted
670,470
128,730)
Other
textiles
219,330)
Clothing,
inoluding
B o o t s and S h o e s .
309,310
H o t e l , B o a r d i n g House
and Club S e r v i c e s .
194,160
Food,
Drink
179,510
Motal
trades
Printing
and
Tobacco
138,450
and P a p e r
laundries,
Engineering
trades
122,950
&c.
and M o t o r
89,200
Vehicles,
Pottery
Other
&c.
79,120
33,840
industries
392,270
Total
2,760,000
10.
women
i n Great
21st October,
22nd
1929.
INDUSTRY.
. :lLES
No.
1
i
i
I
.
i
1-1.
' Cotton
JTocllen & worsted
Pottery
. Clothing
; Distributive;
;
22,252
j 14,040
3,943
19,675
73,102
! 12,793
21,110
1
!
j
!
I
i
j
:
\ B.
ALL
]
INDUSTRIES
No.
11.1
14.7
11.3
10.3
7.4
45,374
23,146
4 ; 202
25,727
30,242
21,530
13,951
1"
No.
Increase
Decrease
1950.
1
/o
!165,254
j 37,818
I 47,687
) j138,880
) !
978,836
10.7
7.4
12.8
16.3
10.8
7.1
4.6
73,263
17,705
7,790
24,7-IC
94,267
;
10.2
6,5
14,030
25,140
i
j
50,674
i
!
0,6
11,294
6.6
9.4
4,279
4.0
1
No.
j
i
134,277
134,27 7
i
51,tll *
160,925
40,925
12,830
24,818
42,110
24,672
25,481
45.5
20.8
32.9
6.8
6.5
11.7
11.8
14.3
30,416
17.7
IT"
15.8
9,240
10.A
***
36.5
18.6
22.4
12.9
S.5
ii.e
:ilLB8
Ho.
No.
*
3,665 j *
3,8471*
5,C65i*
21,165U
1,232!*
4,030;*
21,236;*
I
49,917: *
i
:
!
j
I
j
j
23.8
29.4
31.5
14.7
1,742
453
346
334
31.5
10.2
12.1
3.2
88,711*
19,812;*
2,1
253,965
57,639
59,667
141,246
7.3
1,361,700
15.8
489,681
15.1
382,8641 *
15.5
19.3
25.1
14.5
832
274
153
215
15 .C
6.1
5.4
11.4
237,513
((-
LLES
I
r-fotsls, t : t .
.Pood, d r i n k &)
tobacco
)
29,438
trades.
fetal
. Lngine-jrlng, Motor) j
84,360
v e h i c l e s , &c.
)
' Ccal Mining
Iron L Steel
;Shipbuilding,&c.
,Building, Public
! Vcrks C o n s t n .
/"
June,
111 LBS
FEMALES
:
Britain.
11,980!*
2,366' *
;
k
3.9 U
1 1 5 , 5 5 1 ; * 32.7;
1 7 , 7 7 9 ; - 12.5!
8,C28i ­- 22.-1J
11.lU
909; -­ 0.3'
2.6;1.9
2 . 1 ! * 11,068: i,
1.5;J
3,142: i ­
1.1 *
5.4
1.4 * 1 1 , 5 3 0 ! -­
25.4
;
!
6.0
1*
5.6;*
19,122! ­-
11.1
4 , 9 6 1 . ­-
5.4
i
j
8.3j*
14.11 *
6.4j*
t.2j *
4.4; *
910
179!
193!
119;
;
­- 1 6 , 5
­r 4.1
6.7!
­r
­r
l.li
251,566; *
!
7.8,
l*i*
IN3