Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship California Spatial Analysis Project Jeff Calvert, Statewide Stewardship Coordinator Suzanne M Lang, Research Program Specialist Richard Walker, PhD, Research Program Specialist Herb Bunt, Registered Professional Forester Bill Snyder, Deputy Director Resource Management California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection January, 2008 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 1 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship The California Stewardship Potential GIS Layer Executive Summary The Spatial Analysis Project (SAP) is a national effort lead by the USDA Forest Service to standardize the collection and tracking of information on forest stewardship plans, and to analyze the relative potential for forest stewardship on private lands across all 50 states. Three products are the primary goals of this project: 1) a standardized geodatabase containing information on recent, current and future forest stewardship plans; 2) spatial data (digitized polygons) representing recent and current forest stewardship plans; and 3) statewide GIS layers assigning low, medium or high rankings of the stewardship potential on all private undeveloped land. This document summarizes the approach taken by the state of California, Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to meet these objectives. Data were gathered from stewardship plans that had been initiated and completed since 1996, or are currently in process. 502 plans were captured in the GIS, with the most pertinent ancillary information entered into a slightly customized version of the standardized Web-DET geodatabase for California. Digitized plans varied in size from a few acres to a single plan in 1998 that covered all of Tehama County (1.76 million acres). To lay the foundation for the forest stewardship potential layer, a presentation was made to the state Forest Stewardship Coordinating Committee describing the program goals and purpose of the stewardship potential layer. The ten committee members were asked to rank into three categories (low, medium, high) each of 25 possible themes (i.e. wildfire hazard) to include in the GIS synthesis of ranked stewardship potential. Scores were then tallied across all members, with 3 points given for each “high” ranking; 2 points given each “medium” ranking and 1 point for each “low” ranking. The top scoring 13 themes were selected from the pool according to highest scores given by the committee, and each theme was then weighted proportional to its relative score. Twelve themes were discarded either because the scores were too low or redundant to thematic layers already in the top 13. Performing raster analyses in the GIS, weights were normalized to sum to 1 among all 13 themes (1 would thus be the highest possible stewardship potential score, resulting when all themes for a given pixel were positive – i.e. presence of all 13 thematic factors). Values in the final result ranged from 0.03 to 1.0, excluding the 0 values coded for areas not available for stewardship. Reviewing the mapped results, and based upon best professional judgment, pixels of low potential were coded for values ranging from 0.03 to 0.200; medium potential from 0.201 – 0.450; and high potential from 0.451 – 1.0. As might be anticipated —and born out in other regions of the country, areas of low potential consisted largely of agricultural fields and grasslands in the lower elevations of the state. Areas that ranked medium often occurred in shrublands and more open woodlands in low foothills. The areas of highest potential were generally those with conifer or mixed hardwood and conifer forests, often in more mountainous terrain. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 2 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Abstract As part of the U.S. Forest Service’s Spatial Analysis Project (SAP) initiative, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection produced GIS data representing forest stewardship plans in progress or completed since 1996, and a GIS layer depicting forest stewardship potential for the state of California. Stewardship plan records were systematically gathered across the state, locations of the plans were digitized, and information from the plans pertinent to the program was captured in attribute tables. The forest stewardship potential GIS layer was created according to program guidelines, and closely following examples from the states of Colorado and Missouri. Ten members of the California Forest Stewardship Council were solicited to weight the relative importance of 25 factors for determining an area’s stewardship potential, with the choices of low, medium or high. Based primarily upon those collective ratings, 13 factors deemed of high importance were selected by the Council, and weighted roughly proportional to their total score. The best available GIS data was then matched to each factor, the data converted into binary (factor either present or absent) layers, and a map created of stewardship potential for all of California from the score-based weightings, with output classes high, moderate and low potential. Introduction The U.S. Forest Service created the Spatial Analysis Program (SAP) in an effort to standardize spatial forest stewardship information across the country, and to provide a means for the systematic tracking of past and current stewardship activities in each state. State compliance with the program is voluntary, with the federal government providing matching funds for these state-performed efforts. The program seeks to help foresters compare the location of recent forest plans with the relative potential for forest stewardship across the state. The two main spatial (GIS) layers produced in this effort are: 1) forest stewardship potential on private lands; and 2) locations of forest stewardship plans during the past 10 years, entered into a standardized geodatabase template. The SAP guidelines make allowances for minor modifications to the standard geodatabase (Web-DET) to meet custom requirements of individual states, with the restriction that changes only be added and that no part of the core standard schema be removed or altered. This facilitates the compilation and tracking of stewardship plan information across regions and all states in the country, a goal of the Spatial Analysis Project. Guidelines as to environmental and social factors for consideration in each state’s GIS forest stewardship potential layer were adhered to by the California SAP team. Twelve “common data layers” (factors) are highlighted as centrally important inputs to the final stewardship potential layer (see Table 1.) The program acknowledges that significant differences can occur between states with regard to forest stewardship, and some factors that are important in one state may be much less so, or missing altogether, in another. The program guidelines allow for relative weights (i.e. relative importance) assigned to each input “common” layer and state-specific “custom” layer to vary between states according to judgment of state professionals knowledgeable of the region. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 3 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Background The SAP seeks to strike a balance between the need for standardization among forest stewardship related data collected in all 50 states, and the needs of individual states for a certain degree of customization to fit their particular requirements. Reflecting this, the core of the Web-DET geodatabase is not to be altered, but each state can add pieces to the schema for its own purposes. Similarly, with regard to the statewide forest stewardship potential layer, states are strongly urged to include at a minimum the twelve common data layers (Table 1), although their relative importance (weighting) can be greatly varied. For example, Missouri and Colorado, two states with completed SAP requirements, show significant variations in the weightings they applied to the common layers. Wildfire hazard, rated as the most important factor (15% of the total) in Colorado was weighted as the least important factor included in Missouri’s forest stewardship potential layer (less than 5% of the total). Conversely, the highest ranked factor in Missouri, riparian vegetation (11.6% of the total), is tied for last in importance among Colorado’s input layers (3% of the total). Common SAP Data Layers Wildfire Hazard Private Forested Lands Slope Changes in housing Density Priority Watersheds Forest Pests T&E Species Riparian Areas Public Drinking Water Sources Proximity to Public Lands Forest Patch Size Forested Wetlands Table 1. The 12 SAP common data layers (in no particular order) Methods Collecting California Stewardship Plan Data The California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection has not consistently employed a standardized system of recording most forest resource non-industrial management practices undertaken by the state or private landowners. Participation in the Spatial Analysis Project (SAP) has been an opportunity to move the department forward in consolidated GIS data capture. The department divides the state of California into two regions and 21 administrative units. Each unit administers state and federal forestry assistance programs to improve the health and productivity of private forest lands and reduce wildland fuel loads. California's Forest Improvement Program (CFIP) and other federal programs that the department administers, offer cost-share opportunities that assist individual landowners with land management planning and practices. The department also delivers the Forest Stewardship Program which combines funds from state and federal sources to assist communities with multiple-ownership watershed and community issues related to pre-fire fuels treatment, forest health, erosion control, and fisheries issues. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 4 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship To accomplish the task of creating spatial data representing past stewardship activities, a veteran forester with experience in the department’s forestry and fuels management grant programs visited every unit statewide. Archived documents were retrieved and reviewed, and hardcopy documentation of plans approved for funding and operations between 1996-2006 were scanned.(see right) Maps were georeferenced in ArcMap, then digitized and attributed in the GIS. Data was captured in Teale Albers NAD27 at a scale of 1:2500 or better. Stewardship plans were not initially digitized or attributed into the SAP Web-DET schema, but into a flat data structure whose attributes were cross-walked into the standard Web-DET schema. This was somewhat problematic; new tables were not incorporated into the Web-DET schema, but some additional attributes, following the FACTS model were added into the domain structure to allow for the California data to be fully expressed. See Tables A and B below. Domain Code 4475 4561 4982 4984 4985 4986 4987 4988 4989 4990 4991 4993 4994 4995 2996 2997 2998 9999 — FACTS_Timber_Siviculture Description Spray Animal Control Planting Follow-up: slash disposal Follow-up: herbicides Release: mechanical Release: herbicide Tree Shelters Management Plan Broadcast Burning: range improvement Broadcast Burning: understory Mechanical Mastication Mechancial Biomass Mechanical Pile/Burn Non-commercial thinning Manual Cut/Chip Manual Combination Cut/Chip/Pile/Burn Other treatment methods Table A. Added domain code values specific to California in the FACTS_Timber_Silviculture domain. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Scanned stewardship project. Domain Code 401 402 403 — Program_Funding Description CFIP – California Forest Incentive Program Vegetation Management Program Community Assistance Grant Table B. Added domain code values in the Program_Funding domain specific to California. With guidance derived from Migrating SAP Data from the Stewardship Access Database to the Web-DET ArcGIS Geodatabase (Frost and Barnett), the California data was imported to the ManagedArea feature class and the ACTIVITY and PLANINFORMATION tables. page 5 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Summary Results: Forest Stewardship Plans 1996-2006 There are 58 counties within the state of California, of which 31 had forest stewardship activities between 1996 and 2006. There were 502 projects spatially captured in the GIS and migrated into the Web-DET database. Table C below illustrates the distribution of those plans over time and Figure A to the left illustrates the geographic density and distribution of plans by county. In 2004, the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection was able to administer state Proposition 40 funds which contributed to an escalation in the amount of grants awarded. Figure A. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 6 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Forest Stewardship Plans 1996-2006 120 Number of Plans 100 80 60 40 20 Year 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Table C. Distribution of stewardship plans over time. Creation of the Statewide Forest Stewardship Potential Data Layer Based on the Forest Service SAP guidelines, a list was compiled of environmental and social factors that potentially have bearing on an assessment of 1) assets that would benefit from forest stewardship (resource richness), and 2) threats to those assets/resources that could be mitigated with stewardship activities. This list of potential factors was in large part compiled independently of GIS data availability. The list was presented to the California Forest Stewardship Committee, along with the intent of the SAP for characterizing forest stewardship potential across the state. Ten committee members rated each of the 25 factors listed as “high”, “medium” or “low” (or “eliminate from consideration”) according to their best professional judgment on its importance to the final stewardship evaluation. An additional two factors were added to the list by members, bringing the total to 27. Each factor was then scored on the basis of all votes cast by committee members, according to the formula: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 7 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Score = 3*(# votes for high) + (# votes for medium). After some experimentation, this formula was selected because it gave appropriate importance to “high” votes, and also considered the “medium” vote count. The “low” votes were not included in the scoring. The results are summarized in Table 2. The highest score using this formula was Wildfire Hazard with 30 points (all 10 votes were “high”), and lowest scoring factor was Developed Recreational Sites (receiving 0 “high” votes and 2 “medium” votes). Available GIS spatial data for all of California were then matched with the environmental or social factors listed, to select the best sources for characterizing each factor, and also identify any data gaps that could compromise its inclusion in the final stewardship potential map layer. In some cases there was an excellent fit. In other cases the available data quality was poor, or no pertinent data could be found (i.e. no existing data captured the intent of the factor). Table 2. Factors selected for inclusion in the forest stewardship potential evaluation Factor Wildfire Hazard Private Forested Lands Wildland-Urban Interface Soil Erodibility Changes in housing density Forest Industry Forest Type Priority Watersheds Forest Pest Riparian Areas T & E Species Proximity to Public Lands Public Drinking Water Sources High 10 7 7 6 6 5 4 4 2 3 4 3 0 VOTES (importance) Med. Low Elim. 0 3 2 3 2 4 5 4 8 4 2 3 7 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 4 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Score* Weight* 30 24 23 21 20 19 17 16 14 13 14 12 7 13.04 10.43 10.00 9.13 8.70 8.26 7.39 6.96 6.09 5.65 6.09 5.22 3.04 Weight* (modified) 15 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 5 5 5 3 3 *see above text for explanation California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 8 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Based upon the scoring, spatial data availability, and efforts to reduce redundancy among closely related factors, 13 of the 27 were selected for inclusion into the forest stewardship potential evaluation. The scores of the 13 selected were also used as a basis for assigning relative weights to each factor (proportional to its percentage of the sum of all scores of the 13 selected). Basis Weight = Score / (sum total of all Scores) Slight upward adjustments were made to give further bias to the weights of the four highest scoring factors (Wildfire Hazard, Private Forested Lands, Wildland-Urban Interface and Soil Erodibility), and to make all weights integers and sum to 100. The result was the modified weight in table 1. Two factors not included in the SAP guidelines common data layer list came out as being very important as weighted by the committee. These were of Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), where there is a mixture of structures (assets) present in a wildland matrix (hazard), and Forest Type, showing where commercial timber species (conifers) are present. Additionally, Forest Industry was included (similar to Colorado’s Agroforestry). Factors removed from further consideration, with their scores, are listed in table 3. Some of these factors had moderately high scores, but were eliminated for a variety of reasons (table 4). Several factors were deemed to have significant overlap with, or redundancy to, factors already selected for inclusion. Factors removed for this reason were soil type and slope, which were effectively captured in available data on soil erodibility. Forested wetlands was removed due to the rarity of this type of vegetation in California (other wetlands in California typically have only water and graminoid vegetation, excluding riparian areas). Available spatial information on groundwater recharge information was insufficient to retain that factor in the final mix. Finally, some factors were removed for lack of clear understanding on how they would affect the results, either positively or negatively. These included Forest Patch Size and Ecoregion layers Table 3. Factors removed from consideration for the stewardship potential evaluation** Factor Groundwater Recharge Soil Type Forested Wetlands Slope Agroforestry Forest Patch Size Eco Regions Demographic Profile 303(d) Listed Impaired Waters Recreation Trails Invasive species. Site class Developed Recreation Sites California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection High 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 Med. 5 4 1 4 2 2 4 3 0 3 0 0 2 Low 2 4 5 0 4 6 2 2 7 5 0 0 7 Elim. 1 0 1 4 2 0 3 4 1 2 0 0 1 Score* 11 10 10 10 8 8 7 6 6 3 3 3 2 page 9 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship With the production of the forest stewardship potential layer, there were diminishing returns with the inclusion of the factors scoring low on the list. Moreover, given that all input data were in binary (presence/absence) form, there is likely to be negligible affect on the final results from any data source with a very low weighting. It was partly for this reason that the number of data layers input was limited at 13. And although two common layers were excluded in this process, this is effectively the same result as if they were included with appropriately small weights, as even the effect of a single factor of the bottom five or so selected (i.e. those with the lowest weightings) on the final forest stewardship potential product is probably undetectable. Table 4. Reasons for (table 2) factor removal Factor Groundwater Recharge Soil Type Forested Wetlands Slope Agroforestry Forest Patch Size Eco Regions Demographic Profile 303(d) Impaired Waters Recreation Trails Invasive species. Site class Developed Recreation Sites Reason for removal Insufficient high quality available spatial data Pertinent info factored into included soil erodibility data A rarity in California Pertinent info factored into included soil erodibility data Few large monotypic plantations, redundant to forest industry Low score, uncertainty on quantifying and effect on results Low score, uncertainty about affect on results Low score Low score Low score Low score, too few votes Low score, too few votes Low score California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 10 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 1. Final Map of Potential for Forest Stewardship Program Benefits in California: This is the composite of the following 13 binary GIS themes, with relative weightings: Wildfire Hazard 15% Private Forests 12% Wildland-Urban Interface 11% Soil Erosion Hazard 10% Change in Housing Density 9% Forest Industry 8% Forest Vegetation 7% Priority Watersheds 7% Insect and Disease Hazard 5% Riparian Zones 5% Threatened and Endangered Species 5% Public Water Supply 3% Proximity to Public Lands 3% Each of the above inputs is described in turn below. Data inputs to the Forest Stewardship Potential GIS layer California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 11 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 2. Wildfire Hazard (15%): We used a statewide coverage (100m grid cells) on Fuel Rank from Fire Regime and Condition Class (see complete metadata at http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/cafrcc.txt ). The Fuel_Rank attribute values of 2 and 3 (“high” and “very high”) were coded as 1 (go); all else was coded with 0 (“no go”) for Wildfire Hazard. The fuel ranking methodology assigns ranks based on expected fire behavior for unique combinations of topography and vegetative fuels under a given severe weather condition (wind speed, humidity, and temperature). Its intended use is to identify and prioritize pre-fire projects that reduce costs and losses from large fire events. The fuel ranking procedure makes an initial assessment of rank based on an assigned fuel model and slope, then raises ranks based on the amount of ladder and/or crown fuel present to arrive at a fuel rank. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 12 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 3. Private Forested Lands (12%): From a GIS layer compiled by CALFIRE-FRAP as the next generation of the data described in the metadata file http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/fveg02_2.txt, - the best available land cover data for the entire state, updated in 2006. From this 100m grid layer Conifer Forest and Hardwood Forest types were selected from the California Wildlife Habitat Relationship attribute WHR13NAME. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 13 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 4. Wildland-Urban Interface (11%): Complete metadata on the layer used is at: http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/wui.txt. Areas within the Wildland-Urban interface in this 100m grid layer are coded as 1. These data describe relative risk to areas of significant population density from wildfire by intersecting residential housing unit density with proximate fire threat to give a relative measure of potential loss of structures and threats to public safety from wildfire. The data are buffered out to 800 meters from residential structures in the wildland matrix. Within California, both wildfire risk and asset characteristics can vary in the same area. To account for these multiple combinations, spatial data is used to distinguish fire-related characteristics from assets, and spatial rules are applied for determining relative risk of loss. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 14 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 5. Soil Erosion Hazard (10%): From the Post-fire Erosion Potential layer described at: http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/perod.txt. Areas of high to moderate soil erosion hazard (Erosion_Class = 1 or 2) were selected from this CALFIRE-produced layer. These data represent CALFIRE-FRAP's best estimate of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a post-wildfire environment. FRAP adapted RUSLE, used for agricultural soil loss, for wildland post-fire erosion based on the interaction of fire threat and vegetation cover. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 15 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 6. Change in Housing Density (9%): Projections of development by decade in California. Complete metadata for the source 100m grid file are provided at: http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/projdev.txt. All areas projected to be developed from 2010 to 2050 (attribute DECADE_DEV) were included. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 16 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 7. Forest Industry (8%): Originally intended by the stewardship committee to be derived from buffering distance to nearest operating lumber mill. However, 1) currently operating mills are quite evenly distributed across the region and 2) the future status of some mills is uncertain. In place of this, data of distribution of merchantable timber (conifer forests, with trees of 11” DBH or greater) on private lands was used. The source file metadata is at: http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/fveg02_2.txt; the attributes used were WHR13NAME = Conifer Forest and WHRSIZE >= 4. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 17 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 8. Forest Vegetation Types (7%): Conifer and Hardwood forests of all tree sizes, taken from WHR13NAME = (Conifer Forest or Hardwood Forest), from the 2006 updated version of the data http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/output/fveg02_2.txt. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 18 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 9. Priority Watersheds (7%): High priority watersheds were taken from the Clean Water Action Plan, California Unified Watershed Assessment (CUWA 1998), a process described at http://www.ca.nrcs.usda.gov/features/projects/cwap/ . Priority Category I Watersheds (see http://www.ca.nrcs.usda.gov/features/projects/cwap/cat1priormap.html ) were selected and coded using Calwater delineated watersheds. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 19 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 10. Insect and Disease Hazard (5%): From data produced by Region 5 of the US Forest Service (http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/rsl/projects/gis/data/calcovs/calrisk03_1g.html). An area was defined to be at risk if 25% or more tree mortality (beyond the normal level of approximately 0.6% annually) was expected over the next 15 years. This effort developed a statewide insect mortality risk layer based upon rules and statistics developed for the National forests and expanded to cover all state and private forest land. Rule structures were based primarily upon stand density index and also included, precipitation, percent canopy cover of host species, and host type. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 20 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 11. Riparian Zones (5%): Potential and actual riparian vegetation zones were taken from hydrologic vector data of permanent lakes, streams and rivers (bluelines) in the 1:100,000 USGS topographic map series, then rasterized into 100m grids. On average each stream is thus buffered at 50m (~150’) on either side. The source data for California is available from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), US Geological Survey http://nhd.usgs.gov/data.html . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 21 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 12. Threatened and Endangered Species (5%): California is particularly rich in sensitive, threatened and endangered species. We took the presence of any such species from the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), coded on a 1:24000 USGS topographic quad map basis. The source for this layer was a compilation done for the California Gap Analysis, and more information on the CNDDB is found at: http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/ California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 22 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 13. Public Water Supply Sources (3%): Source data were compiled for the California Fire Plan on a grid cell basis called Q81 (9 by 9 cells per 1:24000 USGS topographic quad sheet – 81 cells in all). Municipal water supply assets were ranked according to their importance. Watersheds ranked medium or high (2 or 3) in attribute RANK_SUP were selected and made into a 100m grid layer. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 23 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Figure 14. Proximity to Public Lands (3%): A 100m scale grid layer was created from rasterizing a polygon layer of the boundaries of all lands managed by the federal government, with a buffer of 800m. The source file was the CDF State Responsibility Area (SRA) file available online at: http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/data/frapgisdata/select.asp . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 24 of 25 Spatial Analysis Project California Stewardship Conclusion To meet the goals of the SAP in California, the state’s Forest Stewardship Committee selected and ranked 25 data themes for their relevance to producing a GIS layer of forest stewardship potential on private lands. Thirteen were selected for inclusion in the final product, after the remainder were eliminated for one or more reasons. The final result reflects the weighted sum of these thirteen layers and can help guide forest stewardship efforts and funding in the state. Participation in the national Spatial Analysis Project has given California’s Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection the opportunity to gather its stewardship plans into a single spatial database with common attributes which serves as a foundation for future work and analysis. The goal of assisting private and local landowners in attaining healthy forests on public and private lands remains the goal of this state and federal partnership, the Spatial Analysis Project. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection page 25 of 25