by
lin
·{':onol~s
?hesis
JUD(
~nculty
3~onsor:
3t:_b"fnitte,~
3, 1969
•.. Ertens
~r.
~ho~as
~
c
rtmCl1t
o~·::to1o··y
~~?
11
3t~
t::-
The library
Ball St8te University
Muncie, Indiana
T':ll:':\fe~.:lsi t~/
sEction
Poly~o~um
_
_
li..~._._
011
i.J1J.::i~·
orne
02'
scc~::'or:
ever
~:r'C
c')upleJ
":lott~i
or j ointc:.
C:~~l.y.r~.ctE l~i
l~.:l.ts
stic
o>,scnrc
",-.;J
1""
----------------------------,------------~.
~,
tC:-:'C1Cl1Cj'
l~l
so~ne
section T;Fil1
in
t~C'
type
S'cction ',rcrc :;:.
s~eciGs
t1::.is ..,oint.
i~.'t's7;rpt,c
aVic'J.l~.re
2.
for the ?cnus),
Linnc.8t~s,
18.to
SGYl~:n;
crcctun, F.
mE:
of tnc eC.r1.iest
+"T
v ...np
"'
.........,,..... r,qi.-...::::1 "';,
( q11
'-' l..--• •.. ,~~)'-/ ••. -' ' . ...... ~--J
n~ticul~tu~,
and
Linn'l.2us
divided P. aviculare L. sensu
hQVC been isuossiblc to relate to
described in teE.
~i'ice_
,..., .....
_~
Tl"'~Y1"'C:'llQI
__
........ o
..... J
~_.,_"
system hcvc resultod
into
l~to
~~y
s~ccics
a~icularE nggrcE~te
~+U'':hr
.",....)
.:::J u
i~
('7;:,'"2:) of' t
_,:"
_,;~
_
~our v'l~ic~iES
distiL~'uishlnc'
sU~3e0uently
(8).
1..1°
,·;4
dc, v--:.r~c.,t.,r
'-,.............
--...£.
",'
considerable confusion.
P. I1ttorc:J.s, citrd in leOO by E. F'. Iin..l: ·'.. n
only
ch:lr?cter~stics
whicn
2.
O.+'L
r)l,.?·nts
_----
The first Buccies
l.cttcr (8).
':::.0 ccscrii:yo.
~;erc
t>licl:-
The
~.C[·~vcs
". ~.·OG':::,y Gte,; (e).
-----_._._---,._-_
..
..
"7
-~
:cvcl, but
~
~y~c
ocil as
(5),
~.s
P.
~v~cul~rc
stricto.
3cnB~
!.
~~U8,
:.
littor~lc
is consilercj
c:'vicl.:l~rc
...D
. --------::'.vicul".rc
((: )
t.
.
: . nc;'1c:c-::,'Y1.
--'----,--
F:~r
beer:.
,
L·
81)
.Yi-'. :. w., '))
(-
is
1'."'.~
0:
t~i3
s~cclcs
~ave
1) t:l<:.t it is 8 ::ynOl1,Yill of .::. ?rcl1CriU:11 :.'::cldst.
~::e st
.:'~.1..
tre~tffic~tB
-L
0 •
".,
,."",,,,";
,~_ll
-~)r·:J
c'..... .;. ........
:~:.~
C~, l~ 1 ~r
l't ~
. :...~.::~,~_E r-
~:
•
----~-
clev?tc~
two
v~ricties
to
r-uri V"tCl
---~--
for :ritish
f'or~
,
~.
I i :.
\ '-'
)
s~2cific level
([).
s
~:;-:cics
.
3--'CC~LCS
-'
.
l- •
------------------------------------,--------
(JS12).
4.
corl,3i:ie.rs
oe s ='no:nyIn OU S
~;i L:.
arSllr:.s trlJ.El
-
([))
.
..r;'" •
l.m:3.er
refErred to
l·~cr.
-,
~..
'"
"
...',.
distinct
( ,::, ,)
IT;
..,. r
-
!
~'- r~
\..~I
,,',
"",'
-,.'
..
,--
...'f:)
3':12J.1
E~tity
~3
.
bu::ifonIlC ';;-[iich
iisfutc5.
,-
-1.,.
..
,
*
•
''''vcn,
.
,
:..,....
''''''''11
,~,)
...
c '-ICI"'0 Dds';
_
l..·,L"
"0::' • ,
..,
',-"
:..-,~-;
......
: ....,
'
..
------------------,-''''
rr ,
\ ':".J / •
,
"heir
11ortl1'r.-~e
concl~3~ons
~rc
on
b~3Ed
~
s Je, eo?st of
uni c~, ti ell,
1·
distin::"Uis:~'.n
3tudy
oct-:ecn
t~:c:
mcncer-:=;
,~
~.
0:: t
C"'·ts,
scction.
(10)
co~:si5e~e:1
O~:"::;"'Er;"L"T1 is
--"------
.~?
(1'')1.:..)
\ _.1... ... , _ .
r
1/'>'.)
( 10
_t_
..
'
~
.... .r:-
._.
-
('I
in 1931 \.' ,'-"' )
.
.
a dubious s~ccies
cnlled it
~
(8).
3yileny~
~;.OU:,
species
.
(1~:'10)iisti
··~".isLcs 2.
:,ooertii :'ro:1
(Ie) conclude
of
-. f,1 ~
~
--.::.= ,
,-
,
•
bCE'i1
or') -: ..... .,
'_,. •...1 __
,~
to
:-
l1.\~
is not
of
S~'E:CiC3 •
.
-
:-
.
P. avicu12ra L. s.
l~to.
HO.JErtii,
co~f~8io~
;.,-
'it~
~CS~Eot
to
~
.
([3 ) •
Q~d
~c~e~r('d
A.
C'
to scct!on
:~r~vi2.
-----
n:':.
to
L:n:2m ,
";:)
.;.
.
( Q-!-~t"11
_
.....,J
u~.
Love
r3v(
rEcor~cd c~rO~OSC~E
ccu~ts
e:~1j.
for their' s~ccics, 3cve~~1 o~
(G) •
of
-------------------,---,--~---
('~
........., _ . .,
~
'r--:
.A... ...... __ ..... ,_:
7.
St~.C ',,-
sect:':. onEol
.
-~
Q~:.lJ'.1
....--
(
in
section
ohro~osone
~.
\
~ .....
)
C c'
-,;
n"~~
, ____
.. _
~
''':~-i
CQ
u __ ...
~
~
.
t t:s
"-'cri :.11t:-:
nuc~er,
"....J -'-.../\...,:0.
, ,.-l •.
C) .
~.cx
j
i
::ti~-:,c":,
"0"'"
...... )
-'
I
I..
I'.
,~,
,
1
1 ...... '
""'~ ~ J
boy'::,' Ie
,
) •
t
·> ,',
. ./.\..-
ytu1.uu,
:.
(""'i C ".
~
.~"
'~. 1 1 00,"
r
;U~ll
.. .
'"ii)
EO
~ lC'.nt s
c 2.11.
L.
"
c.
"~
.
",-.
~)
ll:}
(5 )
"-
.
:t:...
" v i c t~,1 ? r ::
:.
:n
of'
to
~ ~.c
1)312 j
'" -. '. "
C D lor,
_'~lC
:_";: 11'·~. t: i
0::':'
s
.J...
... ...c
u >
__
+v '--.__
-1 ._,--:.-~
(' v.
( ,..:.J v.. ", ' "
.1 - ......
-------------------------------------------------
,
1...• c:
:: =,' )
/ ' ~J ........
,
,'.,
-,';
cr: 3
'" 1::1
9.
II: oriel'
to
..::.!'
.......~
.~-
0>"..
,.....: -
c C.:~ r-..~_ Yli :1'
,.,-
, . ;'J
1.;0 C
in
:~cr
7:
,. j +v
D"rts
_'he
C· ','
....: .,""';'
,
.'-2 ~~ c i ['.1 ''.c et i c
c o:l3i .Jtin~. "v_
.'
5ilutc:::' J.:l i.tit:: "8ter
I ' .
.~\f t
t
::e
··i~:L-~tc
,
Q~'
sr c.l1 o~":i ll~'
10.
A
c oversll"~"1
" rr
, '
('I
--'
r-: ~':" ,,;::; C'_ ...:;-" ..... .............. ',,,",-
,
:':'rst
·'. T'e".
nrior to
~ic~osco~ic
eY2~~n2tlon.
~:ific'tion
C~ro:;osomG
CC'J::ts
3ever~1
'.~C2:'e
~rojleu8
.::
~erc
encountered in
tryi~~
to
clG~r
~
enoucb to cot
~~
~ood
~ccur~t(
3~ain
coU~t3,
and
80SS~~~y
-----------------~--"-.-..-
~
-"
Co
'. c •
~.
~nE
3 c~ 'Ll<::. S :: •
o1.:. Y'tn,
count.
call so thrt
~ncert~in
every
erect"G. :n
de~er~~nE
ceTts :1.11
it
.
.
t~E~
30nw
co~ld
to incrnsistcnt results.
-_._------_ _
.......
..............
T
--,.
,
11.
counts
? :L:.:::L ~ OrEl€ 3rJr:l~., !)E·"'r.:or'~l
~~·.~ . v ;'C J_r"j -2.
ISl ~C,' ;4.1'"l,~~ll(
;2n=:;O, _~~>rcf: 20, 196
Count:-,
2)
1.-)1")"
1
\.
";,-.", •."... _ _
In::;i:'.~~~,
::'i..t.. ......
....)
--j )
•...J
...01...
I..J
I
~
Il-::..:i=-,?_11~.,
3t~tc
July 9,
""":,r..-i
7"'O~~~
+ "tT""
I. "'".:. ...... v '-' _
to::).L L:,J i •
.3,:-- .::tc~J:)el·
17,
[niversity).
L1. )\
fwo
18,
c~ro~csrnJe
c~unts
werE
~120
m~dc
on
?clyonu~
~rev:oU3
erccturn,
reports of the
~
u.
(
P. erectuD
F.
~s
~..).
;3·::.v?, :-_ e
J':'.l1UC'.ry
c 01..L1::' s
5 8- ~~ •
~
1
,
.'~'-'·V"
..
'6 c:.c"-l
J
_.
T ·
-'''''1U'-'.,.,1
10::::~~,
t.J'_-.1
... " .... .i,.
_ . . . .. . I V .
"-,..'., •
A chronosor.iC
~
( -32.11
16, 1968.
r. erect').'.; L., Porter
A
Tr'~'"
.
__
('
!
:C' hc
L., Porter County,
erectu~
':)'1;;1
0'
'--.1.
,
2n=40.
A~'~::::~l €
2g::40,
2)
r
OJ.
Love
1966,
.'~ CU::'1ty ,
( ;~2_11
~
obte.ine:i i'or
c~
C'
J. •
J
rcn" strum specimen
confirms "rclli Ot~.S rc-corts (2,:;) of ~:g=40.
:;:
~
.
('-'Jl fro::: t:~c P.
.
G.V:. C1)l 3. r
D.ncl
c
,---------------
I~."
• ••••
.•
.~
.. II
.~
••,
It
1/ ,.•
!
o •
",
-
,',
-. I
II
*
II
. " ..
, I
•••
•
.--..,.'"
"",
.~ "
+
1 -':1
the
·".,~nts
',':epe
83ults fro:-;; t':-:8
(T,g.bIt: I).
erEct~m
P.
...
,-'
'r~:~
...
dirfere~
fpo~
f. orcnostrum
C 1'"1(:· C ~,l!L1
in
of :~'l oc'crs on Eo;L..:..:_ Otl~Ll 3'=('c".:::en'.'
creenhousc.
st'L:~::3.~:
.:".t':'. fTC r :]
;:
:Iowers
t~e
.
.
4-5
7._:::'
,
,J
2-5
,o:c~:
I113~E~:?C~,
various
G~rcics
even been
~cre
a~not~~c6
sE.ver~t:r-fi "'lG
received.
by
3ma~l.
";:j
'-
-----------------------------------
.
.
--_........._-_.,------_._._-----
2-3
.
17
~-,'
I:;: •
~s~ns an~
,....,
U
"- (""
"-
vrio --_ ....';'l...,...-~'-_ .1.~ 1.... ;':)
oc:,'1:71'"'
3nscies
----.r.
01J:-~ ~~
ran es
•
l;.J:lits
~:o
( :::..
. ,~",. .LU f"'l
__
_.',
i~ 91~E
...,...~
_......
'._
.;.
of fruits of 65 .F 0 1y ,-~ o11U.<:1
r-+v ............
,:-~ . :;
'.:.nl t::; 1~:
Yl ,-. -...., 0
..;..
'-.. :
j
.
....
cC'J'l 1 :::u.)
.
_r~1t
f or' !:'] c
12-37
:=~"_n"E
-
.
21-35
15-21
24.l!,7
27 .44
10
...... ....-"
.00
a
-.,. r'l
,,~
;:::::.n[6
2S'-40
13-23
{..::;- :Jv
~,=cans
3·4.(38
~?5
~~ ~/
,=-;' , n=~e
: :Cc'_~13
.00
16-19
r'17 • L:;
15-22
19.71
2]_-29
lL~-21
r, --
.~:2
lrr .11
20-26
29-50
"7,1 .12
-' ..
10-26
21 .23
.2C·
[~:J
::. avicu),c..:-C8-
;:::i-41
3,7 .2~
:-.,:.l.n"e
l-.
ercctt:::r.
----~'.2,n:~e
P. avicu13re 9.a.,
nc 3 -,;i t. ~ one
r"
- .. ;:,
c • ..:; ()
3
.50
31
~,~ :~: -~:
31
~::2
1
49-51
=;7- 2 2
5C; .00
7,0
DI 3Ct.3J:;::C~-;
2. C t18-
_~
1
:·:e8.11S
F. E'Q',!lcri
"
(J ro~·
-----------------------------------,--_._.-----
-.
---'.-'
• ~~O
,:::,)-::.:.-- {
~~6 .CC
r','"
I
r",'
14.
eO:1C:~\lE
their ··18th.
s:lie8
three-fourths of its
is
n?rrOVTCr,
for only
CCllCC'.VC
o~c-h~lf
s1,:;.(:.
ita
lcn~t~.
rrc 3Cl:t
F. 2:ccnastrUTJ
one
in
"c "
itz
..
-~
...
"',
,.... .--
...;.
. ,.,
.
or bor:'cr
c(t~cor.10S0r..1e
l1u'Eber
of
char~cterist~cs
of one
3~ccics
an:
~
fe~l
of
nllct~cr,
or
dl1ferc~t
In
in
.::
.
?V
i
:.2rtcns (6 )
c·,:.~o.rc:
i
r:"~J E· ::.:~:"n e:-:
i ;., t c: ;) e';cJ ~..,l'( e rl
-
'~,rc sc·n~
to
',:.:..,
.:::..
:'=.Entifico.
['.3
::'
.i.
•
T+
~\.J
uJ not
ic.
~:::--.:~:
..
s.l.:.~~
:1
--
f~ct,
L. s . s •
"'01-'.
il1
rcl'1:.:l.C)l~
to
. .- ,.....!.
0
'".
·~l " ' l
-'.
.~~."'.vcn
;:;)
'--
1
'
_'J.
,""1
.....,
1""
\..
. '-" -.'
0j,
cri'
;....:..
--
t
;'
.
s· CC:'CE
'7:'0,
-. )
~.
of
T
"
.
~
;JC
• ..- -."'-
...
'-""_
~..,
.....
L.
-; j
..... '-
>·c
- '. .
sole
1
,-~2.C.'?_301:,
?1.0~2
o:-~
'"'
L~~:E~;~jer~',
~.
I.,;.~~~,.
l~~-"l~-;.'~.
......
it,s
~Yl=_
fJl.o~.:_~~l
~·(~::')y:o:::~c.r-,}
~ : 0 !~ ..~-.
"r: J 1 0
~:
i
~~~ ~ 11~ f :.:. C~' riC c
-C :--~.::
[1
11
-. " ,
~
.:~ 0 1,""~ Olltl r"
r:.'!
_J...v.~
3"';J t:: l::~:~
T
.:-'
.-,o~C:.:::1i sl~
.
__~i ::is::Y'i ~t L1 J (2~ ) : 3,1"(1- L~ 04 •
)
!-JO~'] C,
o~
··.·r-
<~';. 3~:
~:·~c
t:. :_1 ~ ~.d_ =c:<,:,,~.s :_.01(:
ISS:).
I'ol" "::J. .. -_~:!:.
. .·~"O~·<~·:l
='r:.
--.lr-.;___
11
n
1 S\: ~~.•
J~,,". ~ e ::-. ~~
C·:·,~··::·~~8,~= -~:'.1C::3 '-'.11:;. ~·'~.::G::O~~l::r
·:]~':'l.r~'~_:t·-'~"ll
J.J~,.lr~:""·l of _ -ot
,111\_
______
__
_'_'
1
::n :;"t,:
2::'00' e'l i Y:
','
~CI(lO~) :G~/-~-C,!~O.
c c.:.'1
J__ ~L, :):;.
•
II
~~. ~:_~~ :"!lO"'~~/
.i.:o:~et:1 :.\·:_~c :'}i C~'.•
7'
~'""
1
-'.d .'e ....,;".-'_,
2t~ll.
IV.
'"
:',.
190:: •
:~:o::'r~
~).
_.
1~'52.
'\ ='.1:: c ,"c, ::.. il::::'::' "t,
9J;'';-:llor, . ~c·,.
:~.11_"
fI·.::'~lE' ":::"'~~ono:;~=,r of' Po1~·.-;:::'1lL.H :';vicu:.r:rE
:~ n. 11
"c""t, S oni .r;.
(2: ) : 1. 7'i -~: 12; •
q
:~-cr,: 1·::' . ~.• ~·:"~. J.~~.i'~~n. Yl.
~\u.s'e11 C:c.[~r1·~~~c =SI:1:6_3, P'··l~t ~~.
0: ;"st t i o::c r~:~, C~t t -:: ."'-;?', c:-; r.l~.~: 2. ,
'1,
lS;6G.
:J 1.+
•
,...-, - " - . '--!'......
:I?eri-:.c.ld :'
~,,,d. i t ~_ 011 ..
• ~.
1950 • . . ~RyI3
AGer~can
-------------------------------------------------
300k Co.
~FJ.orr_;_
of' t:'.lC
·~U.CC1~' S .:'r:"~:~~c!-· ~-~.}.=-'-C-o-~:-!~-,l-'oll€'r
!:.. •
C:1'tsr, in lic;)":,'ood,
::.
C" ~no:-;ii..c:~c
lJ! stc!'n~" t. i c :'.C ~:·,"o. 2.
1.
of
II
----.l:e·J ~:~or~:,