Section 3
Cranial Anatomy and Pathology
Image 1
Typical Causation: Trauma
Image 2
• Open head injury- dura
mater pierced
• Closed head injurydura mater intact
• Contrecoup effectbrain injury at side of
impact, but could be on
opposite side
• Most common reason
for youths
This slide is essentially an FYI. However, it does provide
insight to the concept of closed versus open head injuries.
Axial CT Image
Anatomy
Calcified pineal gland
Calcified choroid plexus
Image 3
When blood from a trauma irritates brain tissues, it causes
swelling. This is known as cerebral edema. The pooled blood
collects into a mass called a hematoma.
Axial CT Image
Image 4
Bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage of the lateral
ventricles
Anterior horn of
lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Posterior horn of
lateral ventricle
Image 5
Image 6
Anatomy
Falx cerebri
Axial CT Image
Frontal horns of
lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
longitudinal fissure/
interhemispheric fissure.
The falx cerebri, a dural brain
covering, lies within the medial
longitudinal fissure.
G
G
Ignore the yellow arrows.
G = gyri
Image 7
An Axial MRI Image
Image 8
The “star burst” effect
with radiating rays from
the star center seen in
this coronal CT image is
referred to as a “beam
hardening artifact.”
Lens
Globe
Medial &
Lateral Rectus
Axial CT Images
Optic Nerve
Retro Bulba Fat
Axial CT Image
Image
9
Image 10
Axial CT Image
Limit your review of
this slide to the
labeled/identified
anatomy
Image 11
Axial CT Image
Image
12
These are images of an Egyptian Mummy. What is missing and why
is it missing?
Image 13
Limit your
review to the
labeled/
identified
anatomy
An MRI image
Image 14
Nasal Bone
Nasal Septum
Eye/globe
Ethmoid Sinus
Maxillary
Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Foramen Ovale
Clivus
Carotid Canal
Posterior Fossa
An Axial MRI image
Edema of retro
bulba fat and
surrounding fat
within the orbit
(encircled in red)
The yellow arrow
points to
appearance of
normal fat.
Image 15
Image 16
Soft tissue window and bone window seen in an Axial CT scan
Vertex fracture as
seen in an axial CT
scan
Image 17
Image 18
Fracture in the base of
the skull as seen in an
axial CT scan.
A pilot scan allows
for correct
position check and
establishes the
range if slices.
Image 19
The red arrows are
pointing
to______________ in
this axial ct scan?
Image 20