Chapter 2 - Introduction to HTML5: Part 1

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IT350 Web and Internet Programming
Chapter 2 - Introduction to HTML5: Part 1
2.1 Introduction / 2.2 Editing HTML5
• HTML 5 (HyperText Markup Language 5)
– A markup language that specifies the structure and content of
documents
– Separates document presentation from information
– Standard defined by W3C
• HTML documents
– Source-code form
– Text editor (e.g. Notepad, Wordpad, emacs, etc.)
– .html or .htm file-name extension
– Web server – stores HTML documents
– Web browser – requests HTML documents
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Basic Syntax
<a href=“links.html”> Useful links </a>
<br /> or <br>
Example
main.html
(1 of 1)
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2.4 W3C HTML5 Validation Service
• Validation service ( validator.w3.org )
– Checking a document’s syntax
– Provide URL (not intranet), upload file, or direct input
• Local validation service
http://zee.cs.usna.edu:8888/html5
Block vs. inline tags in HTML5
• Block tags
– Start their content on a new line
• Inline tags
– Their content continues on the same line
• Restrictions
– Inline tags (and text) must be nested inside block tags, not
directly under <body> or <form>
– Block tags cannot be nested inside inline tags
ILLEGAL:
<em> <h1> Foo </h1> </em>
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2.5 Headers – h1 to h6
2.6 Linking
• Hyperlink
– References other sources such as HTML documents and
images
– Both text and images can act as hyperlinks
– Created using the a (anchor) element
• Attribute href
– Specifies the location of a linked resource
• Link to e-mail addresses using mailto: URL
4
Relative vs. Absolute Links
• Absolute links
<a href=“http://www.usna.edu/CS/”>Computer Science Dept</a>
<a href=“http://www.nytimes.com”> NYT </a>
• Relative links
<a href=“textbooks.htm”>Textbooks</a>
<a href=“../textbooks.htm”>Textbooks</a>
<a href=“../common/dogs.html”>More on dogs</a>
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2.7 Images
picture.html
(1 of 1)
2.9 Lists
• Unordered list element ul
– Creates a list in which each item begins with a bullet symbol
(called a disc)
– li (list item)
• Entry in an unordered list
• Ordered list element ol
– Creates a list in which each item begins with a number
• Lists may be nested to represent hierarchical data
relationships
6
links2.html
(1 of 1)
Exercise #1 – Correct any invalid HTML 5 syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- An example file
<!-- Our first Web page
-->
<html>
<body>
<h1> Welcome to <b> IT350!
</h1> </b>
<h2> Today’s Agenda </h2>
<li> XHTML
<li> JavaScript
</body>
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Exercise #2 – Correct any invalid HTML 5 syntax
<!DOCTYPE htm>
<html>
<title>Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome</title>
<body>
<img scr = "xmlhtp.jpg" height = "238" width = "183"
>
<h1 align=“center”>Under construction</h1>
</body>
</html>
HTML 5 / XHTML (part 1)
•
Documents should be “well-formed”
1. Req: All tags must properly nest
2. Rec: All start tags should be closed
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HTML 5 / XHTML (part 2)
•
Rec: Tag and attribute names should be lowercase
•
Rec: Attribute values should be double-quoted
•
Use id instead of name
<a name=bottom> Stuff </a>
<a id=“bottom”> Stuff </a>
<h1 id=“ships”> … </h1>
HTML 5 / XHTML (part 3)
•
Many “style” tags/attributes removed
http://webdesign.about.com/od/htmlxhtmltutorials/l/bltags_deprecat.htm
•
What to do?
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HTML 5 / XHTML (part 4)
•
Frames allowed in HTML4, XHTML 1.0…
But removed in XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
•
A few more technical differences…
–
See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/
Exercise #3 – Correct any invalid HTML 5 syntax
<html>
<head>
<title>Internet and WWW How to Program - Links</title>
</head>
<body>
<b> <h1>Here are my favorite links</h1> </b>
<p><A href = "http://www.yahoo.com">Yahoo!</A></p>
<p><A mailto = "webmaster@ussmichigan.org">Webmaster</A></p>
</body>
</html>
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Exercise #4 – Correct any invalid HTML 5 syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Best features of the Internet</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>Meet new people from around the world.</li>
<li>Access to new media as it becomes public: </li>
<ul>
<li>New games</li>
<li>New applications & software
</ul>
<li>Search engines</li>
</ul> </body>
</html>
Web Resources
•
•
•
•
Google
www.w3.org/TR/html5
http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
validator.w3.org
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Lab Accounts
• Student Web Server Accounts (zee - Unix)
– Mapping web-server account:
•
•
•
•
•
Start->Computer : Map Network Drive (pick drive W)
\\zee.academy.usna.edu\mXXXXXX
Check the “Reconnect at login” box.
Click on “Finish”
Username: academy\mXXXXXX
– Set up the web server:
• Ssh into mope.academy.usna.edu (use putty or other tool)
• Create public_html directory (mkdir public_html)
• Change permissions for directory to allow web access
(setfacl -dm u:www-data:rx public_html)
– URL for each student website on the department web server:
http://zee.academy.usna.edu/~mXXXXXX
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