MATH 101 Quiz #6 (v.A2) Last Name: First Name: Friday, April 1 Grade: Student-No: Section: Very short answer question P 1. 1 mark Suppose you wanted to use the Limit Comparison Test on the series ∞ n=0 an where n +2 an = 53n +n . Write down a sequence {bn } such that limn→∞ abnn exists and is nonzero. (You don’t have to carry out the Limit Comparison Test; just write the formula for the bn .) Answer: 3n 5n Solution: The most significant term in the numerator is 3n , and the most significant term ∞ n X 3 n . in the denominator is 5 . Therefore we should compare this series to the series 5 n=0 Marking scheme: 1 for any correct answer in the box Short answer questions—you must show your work P 2 (−1)n−1 = π12 (you don’t have to show this). Find N so that 2. 2 marks It is known that ∞ n=1 n2 2 SN , the N th partial sum of the series, satisfies | π12 − SN | ≤ 35−2 . Be sure to say why your method can be applied to this particular series. Answer: 34 Solution: The sequence { n12 } decreases to zero, so by the Alternating Series error bound, 1 −2 the error is at most the first omitted term. We therefore need (N +1) , which is 2 ≤ 35 equivalent to N + 1 ≥ 35 and N ≥ 34. Marking scheme: • 1 mark for saying that { n12 } is decreasing to zero (or decreasing and has limit 0, etc.) • 1 mark for correctly justifying a value of N (any justified value is acceptable) 3. 2 marks Does the series ∞ X n sin n n=5 n3 − 1 converge conditionally, converge absolutely, or diverge? Explain your answer. Solution: We know that n sin(n) n3 −1 ≤ n , n3 −1 since |sin(n)| ≤ 1 for all n. Next, we have n/(n3 − 1) n3 1 n · n2 = lim = lim = lim = 1, 2 3 3 n→∞ n→∞ n − 1 n→∞ 1 − 1/n3 n→∞ n − 1 1/n P n so by the Limit Comparison Test the series ∞ 3 −1 converges together with the p-series n=5 nP P∞ 1 ∞ n sin n n=5 n2 . By the Comparison Test it follows that n=5 n3 −1 converges, and hence that the given series converges absolutely. lim Marking scheme: • 1 point for correctly using a convergence test (Limit Comparison Test or Comparison Test) on a positive series • 1 point for stating that the series converges absolutely Long answer question—you must show your work 4. 5 marks Find the radius of convergence and interval of convergence of the series n ∞ X (−1)n x + 3 . n + 1 3 n=0 Solution: We have lim n→∞ (−1)n+1 /(n + 2) · ((x + 3)/3)n+1 an+1 = lim n→∞ an (−1)n /(n + 1) · ((x + 3)/3)n n+1 x+3 |x + 3| = lim = . n→∞ n + 2 3 3 Therefore, by the Ratio Test, the series converges when |x+3| > 1. In particular, it converges when 3 |x+3| 3 < 1 and diverges when |x + 3| < 3 ⇐⇒ −3 < x + 3 < 3 ⇐⇒ −6 < x < 0, and the radius of convergence is R = 3. (Alternatively, one can set cn = compute L = limn→∞ cn+1 = 13 , so that R = L1 = 3.) cn (−1)n (n+1)3n and P (−1)n Next, we consider the endpoints 0 and −6. At x = 0 the series is simply ∞ n=0 n+1 , which is an alternating series: the signs alternate, and the unsigned terms decrease to zero. Therefore the series converges at x = 0 by the Alternating Series Test. At x = −6 the series is n X ∞ ∞ ∞ X X (−1)n −6 + 3 (−1)n 1 n = (−1) = , n+1 3 n+1 n+1 n=0 n=0 n=0 n since (−1)n · (−1)n = (−1)2n = ((−1)2 ) = 1. This series diverges, either by comparison or limit comparison with the harmonic series (the p-series with p = 1), or directlyPby the 1 Integral Test. (For that matter, it is exactly equal to the standard harmonic series ∞ n=1 n , re-indexed to start at n = 0.) In summary, the interval of convergence is −6 < x ≤ 0, or simply (−6, 0]. Marking scheme: • 1 mark for using the Ratio Test • 1 mark for getting R = 3 (radius of convergence) • 1 mark for showing convergence at x = 0 (any valid way) • 1 mark for showing divergence at x = −6 (any valid way) • 1 mark for writing the interval of convergence (in either form)