Will Nano-Butlers Work for Micro-payments?
Dr Shoumen Datta
School of Engineering
Engineering Systems Division
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
HEALTH, NOT HEALTHCARE
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
1
Fundamentals of Sustainable Economic Growth
• Innovation >> Invention
–
Research
Transistors
• University-Industry
CONVERGENCE Partnerships
IC
1901 •
- 1960
University
Microprocessors
Transport
Computers – Supply Chain of Talent
Networks
Credit Cards
Faculty
1901 - 1960
Auctions
Students
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
2
eBay
• Innovation >> Invention
– Research
Transistors
• University-Industry
CONVERGENCE Partnerships
1901 •
- 1960
Microprocessors
University
Transport
IC
Computers
– Supply Chain of TalentNetworks
Credit Cards
Faculty
1901 - 1960
Auctions
Students
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
3
Pharma
Drug
Manufacturer
Treatment
Sales to Jun 2007
Lipitor
Pfizer
Hypercholesterolemia
$ 13.5 billion
Nexium
AstraZeneca
Acid reflux, ulcers
$ 6.9 billion
Seretide
GlaxoSmithKline
Asthma
$ 6.7 billion
Plavix
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Atherosclerosis
$ 5.8 billion
Aranesp
Amgen
Anemia
$ 5.1 billion
Enbrel
Amgen
Rheumatoid arthritis
$ 4.9 billion
Zyprexa
Eli Lilly
Schizophrenia
$ 4.9 billion
Risperdal
J&J
Schizophrenia
$ 4.8 billion
Norvasc
Pfizer
Hypertension
$ 4.5 billion
Seroquel
AstraZeneca
Schizophrenia
$ 4.2 billion
Avastin
Genentech
Cancer (liver, colon)
$ 2.3 billion
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
4
Synthetic Organic Chemistry: Designer Molecules
Quarfloxin (CX-3543) is a fluoroquinolone.
Rationally designed to selectively inhibit ribosomal RNA.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
5
Source: IMS
Decreasing Number of New Drugs
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
6
Source: IMS
Decreasing Number of New Drugs
60
50
40
30
20
Why ?
10
0
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
7
Synthetic Organic Chemistry: Designer Molecules
60
50
Harmful Side Effects
40
30
20
10
0
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
8
in vivo
Biologics
Synthetic Chemistry
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
9
Biologics
CONVERGENCE
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
10
Case:
VAD-dependent Xerophthalmia
VAD-
Benefit: Prevention of Blindness
Solution: β-Carotene in Staple Food (Rice)
Rice has been modified to contain a precursor of Vitamin A.
A bacterial gene together with two genes from daffodils have been inserted
CONVERGENCE
into an edible strain of rice to synthesize the micro-nutrient β-carotene
which is converted into Vitamin A in the body.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
11
Total Health Expenditures Per Capita
1970
1980
1990
2003
$252*
$691
$1,306
$2,886
Austria
193
770
1,328
2,958
Belgium
148
636
1,341
3,044^
Canada
299
783
1,737
2,998
384*
927
1,522
2,743^
Finland
191
590
1,419
2,104
France
205
697
1,532
3,048
Iceland
163
703
1,593
3,159
Ireland
117
519
794
2,455
Italy
NA
NA
1,387
2,314
Japan
149
580
1,116
2,249e
Luxembourg
163
640
1,533
4,611^
Netherlands
NA
755
1,435
2,909e
Norway
141
665
1,393
3,769
Sweden
312
944
1,589
2,745
Switzerland
351
1,031
2,029
3,847
United Kingdom
163
480
987
2,317^
United States
352
1,072
2,752
5,711
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
Australia
Denmark
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
12
Ireland Age Demographic Distribution
Age Group
0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65 years +
Total
(2006)
Males
443,044
Females
421,405
Persons
864,449
321,007
681,988
468,037
311,725
663,885
460,831
632,732
1,345,873
928,868
207,095
2,121,171
260,831
2,118,677
467,926
4,239,848
Potentially 1.4 million individuals
may require healthcare attention
Source: Central Statistics Office, Cork
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
13
Healthcare: Capacity vs Need
Average
Number of
In-Patient
Beds
Available
InPatients
Discharge
/Deaths
Average
Length of
Stay in
Days
Average
Number
of Day
Beds
Available
Health Board
Area
Number of
Hospitals
Eastern
22
5,078
191,912
8.0
499
209,418
Midland
3
504
33,176
4.9
37
19,549
Mid-Western
6
844
46,744
5.8
67
30,528
North-Eastern
5
868
48,321
5.3
112
30,799
North-Western
3
682
36,242
5.4
59
39,933
South-Eastern
6
1,256
70,528
5.5
118
31,777
Southern
9
1,856
82,524
6.3
126
80,835
Western
5
1,289
67,365
5.9
115
41,718
Total
59
6.4
1133
484,557
12,377
12,377
576,812
Day
Cases
Source: Department of Health0.88%
and Children
Potentially 1.4 million individuals
may require healthcare attention
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
14
Diabetes in Ireland
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
╬
100,000 people with high blood glucose levels
╬
In next 5 years 50% of above will be diabetic
╬
Obesity will push the figure (100,000) to double
in the next decade (potential risk for 200,000).
Source: www.diabetes.co.uk/global-diabetes/diabetes-in-ireland.html
Source: www.diabetesireland.ie
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
15
Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
16
Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
200,000 patients will not have same risk profile
Only few will have high risk, for example:
[1] genetic predisposition
[2] nephropathy
[3] glaucoma
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
17
Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
200,000 monthly out-patient visits ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
18
Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
200,000 monthly out-patient visits
If transaction cost is $20 per patient per month
Blood glucose profile $50 million pa
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
19
Diabetes Risk
╬ 200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Blood Glucose data from 200,000 patients
Blood Glucose data from 100,000 at risk pool
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
20
Diabetes Risk
╬ 200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Blood Glucose data from 200,000 patients
Blood Glucose data from 100,000 at risk pool
Without out-patient visits
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
21
Innovation: Need Based
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
22
Harvard-MIT Center for Integrated Medicine and Information Technology
Healthcare for Independent Living
Sense, then, Respond
Model
Intelligent
Real Time
Patient Specific
Action Plan Framework with
= Procedure decision support
Actions Precision Remote Controlled
Sensing
Real-time micro-status
networked, mobile
Patient
at home care
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
23
Innovation: Need Based
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
24
Healthcare Systems ROI
Problem: 300,000 outpatient visits
Renato Dulbecco
30,000 genes in
etiology of cancer
3,000 patients in need of attention
1 gene elicits cancer
Nobel Prize in Medicine
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
25
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
26
Innovation: Need Based
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
27
May I implant a
glucose nanosensor in you?
You are fat, you
could be diabetic!
Blood Glucose Nano-sensors
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
28
Aren’t you glad
to have a chip
on your shoulder?
Blood Glucose Nano-sensors
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
29
Innovation through Convergence
SENSOR + DATA TRANSMITTER
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
NanoLetters (2007) 7 3508-3511
Blood Glucose Nano-sensor
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
30
Innovation through Convergence
SENSOR DATA TRANSMITTER
Blood Glucose Nano-sensor
Nanotube Radio
NanoLetters (2007) 7 3508 – 3511
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
31
MIT Tech Review March/April 2008
Glucose NanoSensor NanoRadio
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
32
Implanted wireless nanonano-sensor
transmits blood glucose data every
minute or every hour using WiFi
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
33
Your blood glucose data can be
transmitted from home or office
or bus station, wherever WiFi can
connect to a node on the internet
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
34
Blood glucose data travels from
you to your hospital or clinic via
broadband or WiMax connection
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
802.16a
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
35
Your blood glucose data generates
your risk profile that is analysed by
hospital to determine your status
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
802.16a
Metabolomics
Genetic Risk
Patient Data
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
RT Analytics
SNP Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
36
If you need medical attention or
insulin or other treatment then
hospital sends you a message
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
VISIT
CLINIC
802.16a
Metabolomics
Genetic Risk
Patient Data
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
RT Analytics
SNP Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
37
Finn Kydland
RFID Linked Biometrics & NanoNano-sensor Net
Tonya Kydland
Clive Granger
VISIT
CLINIC
Louis Brennan
Glenn Seaborg
Yuan T. Lee
Shoumen Datta
Charlie Townes
Dudley Herscbach
Helene Langevin Joliot-Curie
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
VISIT
CLINIC
802.16a
Metabolomics
Genetic Risk
Patient Data
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
RT Analytics
SNP Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
38
Finn Kydland
RFID Linked Biometrics & NanoNano-sensor Net
Tonya Kydland
Clive Granger
Louis Brennan
VISIT
CLINIC
Glenn Seaborg
Yuan T. Lee
Shoumen Datta
Charlie Townes
Dudley Herscbach
Helene Langevin Joliot-Curie
Healthcare Cost Reduction
Instead of out patient visits by all
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Identify the one in need of attention
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
39
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
New Products
New Services
New Markets
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
40
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
New Products
New Services
New Markets
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
41
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
New Services
VISIT
CLINIC
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
802.16a
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
42
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
New Services
Intelligent
Analytics
Medical
Google
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
43
Demographics Determine Market Growth Strategy
New Markets
% 20
% 15
% 10
Median Age 2015
China ~ 45
India ~ 25
Population 2025
1.5 billion each
Europe
Population
(millions)
% 5
EU <19
0
EU >65
US >65 1950
Under 19
(millions)
2000
Over 65
(millions)
2050
Over 65
%
population
1950
350
70
14
4.0
2000
450
60
40
8.9
2050
400
40
90
22.5
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
44
Nano-sensoromics
Convergence of Transcription, Metabolomics, Proteomics and Genomics with
Wireless Nano-Sensor Networks
© Dr Shoumen Datta
School of Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dr Shoumen
Palit Austin
Datta
< shoumen@mit.edu
> MIT
Forum
for Supply
Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
Colloquium
in honour
of Nobel
Laureate
Professor Andrew
Fire on
December
11, 2008
45
Gene Expression: Regulation of Transcription
© McGraw Hill
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
46
Transcription Unit
© McGraw Hill
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
47
Initiation Complex: RNA Polymerase II
© McGraw Hill
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
48
Initiation Complex: TATA Binding Protein
© McGraw Hill
© Darst & Kornberg
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
49
Initiation Complex: TATA Binding Protein
TATA
© Darst & Kornberg
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
50
TFIID – TBP : TATA Binding Protein
y,h
PROLINE (β1)50
Pf
LEUCINE (β1)50
y Saccharomyces cerevisiae; h humans; Pf Plasmodium falciparum
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
51
TBP: Yeast, humans and malaria parasite
Pol II, Pol III
y,h
PROLINE (β1)50
Pf
LEUCINE (β1)50
Pol I – VSG
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovationhttp://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/41898
& MIT School of Engineering
52
Initiation Complex: RNA Polymerase II
© McGraw Hill
© Roger Kornberg
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
53
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase II Subunits
© Roger Kornberg
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
54
© Darst
RNA Polymerase II Subunit 1 : RPB1
C Terminal Domain (CTD): [YSPTSPS]n
TYR
[Y]
SER
[S]
PRO
[P]
THR
[T]
SER
[S]
PRO
[P]
SER
[S]
n
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
55
RNA Polymerase II Subunit 1 : RPB1
C Terminal Domain (CTD): [YSPTSPS]n
TYR
[Y]
SER
[S]
PRO
[P]
THR
[T]
SER
[S]
PRO
[P]
SER
[S]
n
Pol II
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
56
RNA Polymerase II Subunit 1 : RPB1
C Terminal Domain (CTD): [YSPTSPS]n
TYR
[Y]
SER
[S]
PRO
[P]
THR
[T]
SER
[S]
PRO
[P]
SER
[S]
n
Yeast
yRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]26
Human
hRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]52
Malaria
pRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]15
Trypanosome
+ 63 aa
tRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]0
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
57
Host-Parasite Interactions: CTD
Human
hRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]52
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T]
Malaria
pRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]15
+ 63 amino acids
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S]
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
58
Host-Parasite Interactions
Unique CTD Proteins Regulating Malaria Gene Expression in Infected Humans
Human
hRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]52
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T]
Malaria
pRPB1-CTD: [YSPTSPS]15
+ 63 amino acids
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S]
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
59
Identification of Targets for RNA Immunity ?
Are Unique CTD Proteins Regulating Malaria Gene Expression in Infected Humans ?
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S]
Malaria
specific ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
60
If target protein is specifically parasite induced:
A Potential for Development of Malaria Therapy
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S]
Malaria
Protein
Sequence
Protein
Sequence
DNA
Sequence
DNA
Sequence
dsRNA
Target gene
Genome
Map
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
61
Detection of Target Human Protein: Constitutive Expression ?
Early detection of infection by Malaria parasite P. falciparum ?
TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER TYR SER PRO THR SER PRO SER
[Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S] [Y] [S] [P] [T] [S] [P] [S]
Malaria
Nano-sensor
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
62
Other Tools to Identify Unique Target Proteins: Mass Spec Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
63
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Proteomes in Ovarian Cancer
Lancet 2002 359 574
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
64
Convergence
MALARIA SENSOR DATA
Blood Glucose Nano-sensor
TRANSMITTER in vivo
TRANSMITTER
Nanotube Radio
NanoLetters (2007) 7 3508 – 3511
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
65
MIT Tech Review March/April 2008
Current
Glucose Specificity
Glucose Concentration (mM)
Time
(sec)
Dr Shoumen Palit
Austin
Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
66
Sensors: Not necessarily in vivo, Not necessarily nano
Circuit Boards
Batteries
Outer Ring
(Aluminum)
Inner Ring
(Elastic Fabric)
Optical
Sensor Unit
Ring Sensors by Sokwoo Rhee, Ph.D. thesis, MIT (sokwoo.com)
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
67
110
100
90
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
(sec)
(a) Heart Rate (beats/min) by Electrocardiogram (ECG)
110
100
90
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
(sec)
(b) Heart Rate (beats/min) by Fingertip Photoplethymograph (PPG)
110
100
90
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
(sec)
(c) Heart Rate (beats/min) monitored by Wireless Ring Sensor shown in Figure 3
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
68
Goldstein & Brown
CVD: DrPrime
for <Sensor-based
detection
& RNA-based
Immunity
Shoumen Target
Palit Austin Datta
shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Early
Forum for Supply
Chain Innovation
& MIT School of Engineering
69
Human
Chimp
Monkey
Mouse
Rat
Dog
Cow
Opposum
Chicken
Frogs
70
Stuart Lipton et al Mutation in LRP6 cosegregates with early CAD and high LDL Science (2007) 315 1278 -1282
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
GLUCOSE
CHOLESTEROL
Diabetes
Heart Disease
NanoCom
ACETYLCHOLINE
Alzheimer’s
Multiple Variables
Homeostasis
Nash Equilibrium ?
NanoCom:
in vivo
Wireless Sensor Networks ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
75
Directed Graph: Today’s Network
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
76
Social Networking
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
77
Sense of Distributed Data Analytics
n = 10; p = 1,000
10 locations
1,000 lags
K
Nx
kt
y1t = β0 + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + φ11y1t-1 + φ12y2t-1 + ε1t
k=1 i = 1
Estimate Coefficients:
10,000 φ
+
10,000 for x’s
=
20,000 per stage
or
200,000 for n=10
(excluding constants
and error coefficients)
K
Nx
kt
y2t = β0 + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + φ21y1t-1 + φ22y2t-1 + ε2t
k=1 i = 1
q
p
σ1t2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε21t-i + ∑τj σ21t-j
i=1
j=1
q
p
σ2t2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε22t-i + ∑τj σ22t-j
i=1
j=1
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
Datta & Granger,78
2007
Healthcare: 50 years notice still policy failures
60
50
40
30
20
Change
SE
ES
10
FR
NL
0
DE
-10
RU
US
-20
Percent
IR
UK
-30
IR
UK
SE
ES
FR
NL
DE
RU
51.2
14.1
16.7
6.9
12
5.5
- 3.0
- 25.0
US
34
www.populationeurope.org
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
79
GP
Hospital
Data
Paper
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Decision
Data
Paper
Treatment
Response
€$
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€$
€$
€$
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HR
HR
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HR
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HR
HR
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EMR
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€$
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Service
HR
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
80
Data & Information Asymmetry: EMR & Informatics
Hospital
GP
HIS
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
81
Healthcare Management System similar to USWSN in
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SOLUTION : MITOCHONDRIA
Internet
Site
Controller
MeshGate
Hosted Server
Energy Management
Software Application
Rm 100
External
Rm 110
LEGEND
Wi-Stat
MeshRouter
Dr Shoumen Palit Wi-Zone
Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
82
Conceptual Energy Box: Domestic Dynamics
Aggregation for Energy Efficiency and Savings
Batteries
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
83
HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT
RFID Linked Biometrics & NanoNano-sensor Net
Clive Granger
Clive Granger
VISIT
CLINIC
Louis Brennan
Louis Brennan
Bernard Lown
Glenn T Seaborg
Yuan T Lee
Charles Townes
Shoumen Datta
Dudley Herschbach
Helene Langevin Joliot
VISIT
CLINIC
802.11n
WiFi
6LoWPAN
802.16n
Grid
AGRMIA
Illustration:
Glucose
Nano-sensor
Pico-Radio
Patient Data
Omics Data
Genetic Risk
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
84
Will Nano-Butlers Work for Micro-payments?
Dr Shoumen Datta
shoumen@mit.edu
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
85