Yield of Cucurbita moschata Lines and Hybrids Grown in Sonora, Mexico.
Sergio Garza-Ortega and Alfredo Serrano-Esquer.
Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería. Universidad de Sonora. Rosales y Blvd. Encinas sn.
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 83000.
Introduction: Cucurbita moschata Duchesne is
widely cultivated in Mexico, mainly under rainfed conditions. In Northwest Mexico, landraces
of this species are known as Cehualca (or
Segualca) and are grown for mature fruit
consumption mostly during the summer-fall
season. In the coastal valley of Hermosillo,
Sonora, improved varieties of winter squash are
grown for the export markets mainly to the USA
and Japan. Kabocha squash (C. maxima), Acorn
and Spaghetti (C. pepo), and Butternut (C.
moschata) are typically sown in August and
picked in November and December. Landraces
of C. moschata and C. argyrosperma are grown
in the state of Sonora in elevated areas with
higher rainfall than the valleys, and are sown in
July and picked in October and November.
The yields of winter squash are highly variable;
‘El Dorado’, a tropical hybrid of C. moschata
reached 90 ton.ha-1 grown under drip irrigation
and plastic mulch (6). In another work with C.
moschata, a high yield of 85 ton.ha-1 was
obtained for the tropical hybrid C-42 x La
Segunda by transplanting and using mulching
and row cover in a favorable year, but the yield
decreased to 43 ton.ha-1 by direct seeding
without mulching and row cover in the same
year. The previous year (1998) was humid and
the yield under the last method was 28 ton.ha-1
(11). Experimental yields of C. moschata
landraces obtained in the Department of
Agriculture and Animal Science of the
University of Sonora (DAG) during the
summer-fall season under furrow irrigation,
changed from 7.9 to 17.8 ton.ha-1 (3), and from
1.2 to 24.6 ton.ha-1 for the winter-spring season
(10). The yield was improved by increasing the
52
plant population reaching 30.3 ton.ha-1 for the
summer-fall season of 1988 using 0.33 plants
per square meter (8).
Halloween types of winter squash were
evaluated and it was found that the yield
increased significantly by setting pollinators.
The cultivar Libby´s Select (C. moschata) had
the highest yield (74.8 ton.ha-1) while the C.
pepo cultivars Appalachian and Mammoth Gold
had yields of 54.3 and 30.6 ton.ha-1 respectively
(13). Similar results were reported with other
cultivars of C. pepo of the same type with a high
yield of 51.9 ton.ha-1 (1). The commercial
yields of Kabocha grown in Sonora usually
fluctuate from 12 to 18 ton.ha-1 (personal
communication, Ing. Ricardo Navarro) while in
Australia high experimental yields, around 43
ton.ha-1, may be reached with an average of
21.1 ton.ha-1. The interspecific hybrid
‘Tetsukabuto’ (C. maxima x C. moschata) had a
yield of 66 ton.ha-1 (7). C. argyrosperma
germplasm evaluated at DAG had yields
between 3.2 and 38.8 ton.ha-1 for the spring
season and from 4 to 28 ton.ha-1 for the fall
season (9). Some germplasm had very low fruit
set during the spring season and for the fall
season the yield limiting factor was infection
with squash leaf curl virus (SLCV), a whiteflytransmitted geminivirus (2). Feeding of
immature stages of the biotype B of Bemisia
tabaci, induces the squash silverleaf (SSL)
disorder in squash (12).
The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield of
five C. moschata lines of the round fruit type obtained
at DAG and 15 hybrids obtained between these lines,
and to make observations
Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 30: 52-55 (2007)
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