XIV. ON pon, At, This report is AND more, J. Keyser T. Langendoen M. Lightner M. Postal Reitzes J. Viertel E. Walker TYPE VERBS IN RUSSIAN obrazovat, an extension of previous Jakobson 1 and Halle.2 S. D. T. P. J. J. D. Dr. Paula Menyuk T. G. Bever J. A. Fodor C. Fraser Barbara C. Hall J. J. Katz Prof. R. Jakobson Prof. A. N. Chomsky Prof. M. Halle Prof. L. M. Kampf Prof. A. L. Lipson Prof. H. Putnam Dr. G. H. Matthews A. LINGUISTICS work done on the Russian verb by We discuss only the present tense and the infinitive; further- we shall not consider prediction of stress location. For this reason, Halle's rules regarding stress assignment and imperative, infinitive, and participle derivation have been omitted. We shall be concerned, with the following forms; the forms in the in particular, left-hand column represent the Basic Verbal Stems from which all forms of the verb may be predicted: Stem 1 sg Pres po+jm pajmui 3 sg Pres 3 pl Pres Infinitive pajm, ot pajmut pan, at, s+jm sn, I mu sn, im,I t sn, imut sn, at, obraz+ou+a abrazuju abrazujrt abrazujut abra zavat, After the application of the precycle rules given by Halle, these forms will be represented by the following strings, in which parenthesizing indicates the immediate constituent structure: 1 sg Present 3 sg Present 3 pl Present Infinitive ((po+jm+o)+u) ((po+jm+o)+t) ((po+jm+o)+ut) (po+jm+t,) ((s+jm+o)+u) ((s+jm+o)+t) ((s+jm+o)+ut) (s+jm+t,) ((obraz+ou+a+o)+u) ((obraz+ou+a+o)+t) ((obraz+ou+a+o)+ut) (obraz+ou+a+t,) Th, following rules apply in a cyclical fashion to the smallest constituent containing no parentheses: C-1. Insert j in env: + [+voc + +voc -cns -cs -fit +f t *This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Grant G-13903); and in part by the National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-04737-02). QPR No. 67 177 (XIV. C-2. LINGUISTICS) u - v in env:- +voc (+) -cns C-3. V - ¢ in env:- (+) F+voc L-cns C-4. [+cons] - [+sharp] in env: + F+voc -cns + Y where Y may not be null. L+fltJ C-5. Erase parentheses and return to C-1. If there are no more parentheses, to the postcycle phonetic rules. We apply these cycle rules to some of the strings given above. Phonetic Form 1. pajmu Rules Applied In Derivation Derivation ((po+jm+o)+u) C-5 (po+jm+o+u) C-3 (po+jm+u) C-5 po+jm+u 2. pajm, ot ((po+jm+o)+t) C-5 (po+jm+o+t) C-4 (po+jm, +o+t) C-5 po+jm, +o+t 3. sn, im,It ((s+jm+o)+t) C-5 (s+jm+o+t) C -4 (s+jm, +o+t) C-5 s+jm, +o+t 4. sn, imut ((s+jm+o)+ut) C-5 (s+jm+o+ut) C-3 (s+jm+ut) C-5 s+jm+ut 5. pan, at, 6. sn, at, 7. abrazuju (po+jm+t,) C-5 po+jm+t, (s+jm+t,) C-5 s+jm+t, ((obraz+ou+a+o)+u) C-1 (obraz+ouj+a+o) C-3 (obraz+uj+o) C-5 (obraz+uj+o+u) C-3 (obraz+uj+u) C-5 obraz+uj+u QPR No. 67 178 then go (XIV. abrazujIt 8. ((obraz+ou+a+o)+t) C-I (obraz+ouj+a+o) C-3 (obraz+uj+o) C-5 (obraz+uj+o+t) C-5 LINGUISTICS) obraz+uj+o+t 9. abrazavat, (obraz+ou+a+t,) C-2 (obraz+ov+a+t,) C-5 obraz+ov++t, In order to obtain the correct phonetic forms, we must now apply a number of postcycle phonetic rules. 1. Insert n in env: < [+cns]> +_ jm + [+cns]> where at least one of the entities enclosed in < > must be present. 2. [+cns] - [+sharp] in env: 3. [-cns] - a in env: 4. j - 5. [+nsl] - 6. Erase all + markers 7. Unstressed o - 8. Unstressed 9. Unstressed a - i in env: (+) j [+nsl] + [+cns] [+nsl] [+nsl] 4 in env: + [+cns] a - in env: +conshrp a in nonpretonic, noninitial positions We complete the derivations of the examples given above. 1. po+jm+u -6- 2. po+jm, +/+t -6- 3. s+jm, +o+t -1sn, im, at -8- pojmu -7- pojm, ot -7- s+n, jm, +o+t -4- s+n, im, +o+t -6- sn, im, ot -7- sn, im,I t s+jm+ut -1- 5. po+jm+t, -. 1po+n, at, -7- po+njm+t, pan, at, 6. s+jm+t, s+njm+t, 7. obraz+uj+u -6- s+njm+ut -- Z S/ po+n, jm+t, -2-2- -6- s+n, im+ut -6- s+n, jm+ut -4- s+n, jm+t, obrazuju -7- 8. obraz+uj+ot -69. obraz+ov+a+t, pajm, ct s+njm, +o+t -2- 4. - 1- pajmu obrazujot -7obrazovat, -- 3- -3- po+n, am+t, s+n, am+t, -5- sn, imut -5- po+n, a+t, s+n, a+t, -6- -6- sn, at, I. abrazuju abrazujat -8-7- abrazavat, abrazujzt -9- abrazavat, It is interesting to note that the present treatment of the , a/[-cns][+nsl] alternation in Russian is not restricted to the pon, at, type verbs. Thus, for example, the verb with infinitive nacat, but 3 plural Present nacnut, can be derived with the help of one additional (independently motivated) postcycle phonetic QPR No. 67 179 (XIV. LINGUISTICS) rule that applies after Rule 4: j - 0 in env: 4A. [+cns] The derivations will be nacnut phonetic: phonemic : ((na+cjn+o)+ut) C-5: (na+vjn+o+ut) C-3: (na+cjn+ut) (na+jn+ut) C-5: na+cjn+ut 3: 4A: (na+cjn+t,) na+cjn+t, na+can+t, na+cn+ut 5: 6: v/ nacat, na+ca+t, nacnut nacat, T. M. Lightner References 1. Roman Jakobson, Russian conjugation, Word 4, 155-167 (1948). 2. M. Halle, Note on cyclically ordered rules in the Russian conjugation, Quarterly Progress Report No. 63, Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October 15, 1961, pp. 149-155. QPR No. 67 180