Online Student Survey 2008 West Virginia Department of Education Division of Curriculum and Instructional Services Office of Assessment and Accountability Office of Research and Evaluation Mr. Larry White, Psychometrician/Lead Researcher Jason E. Perdue, Online Technology and Assessment Coordinator Dr. Diana L. Smith, Research Writer IN THEIR OWN WORDS: Students Respond to 21st Century School Questions . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Online Student Survey 2008 Online Student Survey 2008 Executive Summary In May 2008, the West Virginia Department of Education launched an online student survey which provided students with an opportunity to voice their thoughts and concerns on what is and is not working within their schools and to express what their ideal school would look like. This survey expanded upon the earlier State Superintendent’s Student Forums and it was placed on the department Web site on May 27, 2008. Students could register and complete the survey through June 17, 2008. As an incentive and in exchange for their insight and suggestions, students were entered into a random drawing to win an Apple iPod (eight iPods were awarded). The survey analysis presented in this report will be used as feedback to fine-tune the 21st Century Learning initiative. The total number of students completing the survey was 4,955 which included middle and high school students in grades 5-12. There were three questions with check box answer choices on the survey: Chart 1: Online Student Survey Survey Question 1. Describe your ideal school. (Check all that apply) 2. What is working in your school? (Check all that apply) 3. What is not working in your school? (Check all that apply) Possible Check Box Answer Choices Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Online learning Hands-on and real-world learning Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues In addition, each student had a chance to include personal, open-ended comments (up to 50 characters per question) following each of the three survey questions. Below is a summary of results by question: 1. When students were asked to describe their ideal school: High school students in grades 9-12 were more likely to select hands-on learning which directly relates to testing i|Page Online Student Survey 2008 Middle school students in grades 5-8 were more likely to select available technology and knowledgeable staff 2. When students were asked what is working in their school: High school students in grades 10-12 felt that hands-on and real-world learning, clubs and other extracurricular activities and technology integrated into their learning are all components that are currently working well in their schools High school students more than middle school students felt clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership skills were working in their schools Fifth grade students felt that online learning was working in their schools with approximately seven out of 10 selecting this response Technology that is integrated into their learning was working well for fifth and 10th-12th grade students with six out of 10 students selecting this response. 3. When students were asked what is not working in their schools: High school students, grades 9-12, indicated that scheduling is not currently working well within their schools In grades 9, 10 and 12, approximately one out of every two students surveyed felt that scheduling is not working well within their schools; in 11th grade that number increased to three out of every five students High school students, grades 9-12, felt that too few of their teachers are technology savvy; approximately one out of every two students in grades 11 and 12 and two out of every five students in grades 7-10 felt that there are not enough technology savvy teachers in their schools One out of five students across all grades (5-12) felt they needed more relevant classes In summary, high school students responding to the survey felt that an ideal school would have hands-on learning/instruction which directly relates to testing and they also felt that they needed a greater number of technology savvy teachers. Middle school students felt that their ideal school should have additional available technology and knowledgeable staff and have higherlevel classes. ii | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Research Base and Methodology ............................................................................................................. 5 Report Organization ................................................................................................................................... 7 Survey Question 1 Answer Analysis ....................................................................................................... 11 Survey Question 1 – Check Box Answer Responses: Describe your ideal school....................... 11 Survey Question 1: Open-Ended Student Comments Analysis..................................................... 13 Survey Question 2 Answer Analysis ....................................................................................................... 17 Survey Question 2 – Check Box Answer Responses: What is working in your school? ............. 17 Survey Question 2: Open-Ended Student Comments Analysis..................................................... 19 Survey Question 3 Answer Analysis ....................................................................................................... 23 Survey Question 3 – Check Box Answer Responses: What is not working in your school? ...... 23 Survey Question 3: Open-Ended Student Comments Analysis..................................................... 25 Appendix A: Statistical Survey for Question 1 ...................................................................................... 29 All Students Surveyed .......................................................................................................................... 29 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 29 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 30 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response Items and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 30 Fifth Grade Students Surveyed ........................................................................................................... 31 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 31 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 32 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 32 Sixth Grade Students Surveyed .......................................................................................................... 33 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 33 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 34 iii | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 34 Seventh Grade Students Surveyed .................................................................................................... 35 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 35 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 36 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 36 Eighth Grade Students Surveyed ....................................................................................................... 37 Analysis of Check Box Response Items........................................................................................ 37 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 38 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 38 Ninth Grade Students Surveyed ......................................................................................................... 39 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 39 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 40 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 40 Tenth Grade Students Surveyed ........................................................................................................ 41 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 41 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 42 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 42 Eleventh Grade Students Surveyed ................................................................................................... 43 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 43 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 44 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 44 Twelfth Grade Students Surveyed ..................................................................................................... 45 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 45 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 46 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 46 iv | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Appendix B: Statistical Survey for Question 2 ...................................................................................... 47 All Students Surveyed .......................................................................................................................... 47 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 47 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 48 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 48 Fifth Grade Students Surveyed ........................................................................................................... 49 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 49 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 50 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 50 Sixth Grade Students Surveyed .......................................................................................................... 51 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 51 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 52 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 52 Seventh Grade Students Surveyed .................................................................................................... 53 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 53 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 54 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 54 Eighth Grade Students Surveyed ....................................................................................................... 55 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 55 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 56 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 56 Ninth Grade Students Surveyed ......................................................................................................... 57 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 57 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 58 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 58 Tenth Grade Students Surveyed ........................................................................................................ 59 v|Page Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 59 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 60 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 60 Eleventh Grade Students Surveyed ................................................................................................... 61 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 61 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 62 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 62 Twelfth Grade Students Surveyed ..................................................................................................... 63 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 63 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 64 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 64 Appendix C: Statistical Survey for Question 3...................................................................................... 65 All Students Surveyed .......................................................................................................................... 65 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 65 Figure 22 .................................................................................................................................................... 65 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 66 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 66 Fifth Grade Students Surveyed ........................................................................................................... 67 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 67 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 68 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 68 Sixth Grade Students Surveyed .......................................................................................................... 69 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 69 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 70 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 70 Seventh Grade Students Surveyed .................................................................................................... 71 vi | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 71 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 72 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 72 Eighth Grade Students Surveyed ....................................................................................................... 73 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 73 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 74 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 74 Ninth Grade Students Surveyed ......................................................................................................... 75 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 75 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 76 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 76 Tenth Grade Students Surveyed ........................................................................................................ 77 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 77 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 78 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Comment Items ............................................................................................................................................................ 78 Eleventh Grade Students Surveyed ................................................................................................... 79 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 79 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 80 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 80 Twelfth Grade Students Surveyed ..................................................................................................... 81 Analysis of Check Box Response Items ......................................................................................... 81 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items ...................................................................... 82 Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items ................................................................................................................................ 82 References .................................................................................................................................................. 85 vii | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Online Student Survey 2008 Introduction 1|Page Online Student Survey 2008 2|Page Online Student Survey 2008 Introduction “NOW, what I want is, Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else. You can only form the minds of reasoning animals upon Facts: nothing else will ever be of any service to them. This is the principle on which I bring up my own children, and this is the principle on which I bring up these children. Stick to Facts, sir!”… The scene was a plain, bare, monotonous vault of a schoolroom… (Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854, page 1). While this pedagogical advice given by Mr. Thomas Gradgrind, the prominent Utilitarian, during the height of the Industrial Revolution may have been sound advice for the time period, it does not begin to fit with pedagogical philosophies in the 21st century. In 2008, we are in the midst of a different sort of revolution--the Digital, or Information/ Communication Fluency Revolution, and the main features of the Information Fluency Revolution are information and information retrieval. Specifically, our students need to know how to: ask quality questions for determining what information to locate access data from a variety of high-tech and low-tech sources analyze and authenticate the data to determine its value, and apply the selected information to real-world problems. Information today is considered an economic activity since companies and businesses are involved in its production, collection, exchange, distribution, circulation, processing, transmission and control. Ian Jukes (June 2007) pointed out that the Internet now has more than 1.4 billion regular users in more than 170 countries. There are more than 100 billion Web pages containing information. According to Internet usage statistics http://Internet-statisticsguide.netfirms.com/ there are approximately 164,000 new Internet users every 24 hours, or 113 people per minute. By 2010, the number of Internet users should reach more than 2 billion. It is estimated that the Web doubles in size every 120 days, which is an exponential increase of doubling in size three times per year (Jukes, 2007). Approximately seven out of 10 Americans have gone online within the last 30 days and one in three of those has bought something. Internet related sales are almost $1 trillion per year. Clearly, the Information Fluency Revolution has tremendous impact on all aspects of our society. 3|Page Online Student Survey 2008 West Virginia is poised on the edge of a grand millennium--the West Virginia Department of Education (WVDE), in academic year 2008-2009, will field test and operationalize a new statewide assessment that reflects updated 21st century content standards and objectives with academic rigor rivaling or surpassing that of any state in the United States. West Virginia teachers will have the opportunity to use the recently launched TEACH 21 Web site for the entire academic year 2008-2009, and they will have easy access to Standards-Based Units and Instructional Guides, which model the integration of content, learning skills and technology standards, research-based instructional strategies, differentiated instruction and classroom assessments. For the first time in our history, all WESTEST 2 participating students will complete the writing assessment online. The state has made a solid commitment to ensuring that all educators have access to current technology and required bandwidth needed to support academic learning and assessment within West Virginia. With recent policy revisions and increased systematic and systemic changes in both the structure and outcomes that currently characterize public education, West Virginia is poised to meet the needs of today’s students who must be able to function and flourish in a culturally diverse, technology complex and economically competitive world. As a consequence of rapid and pervasive changes in society, in the economy and in the U.S. educational system, this seemed an opportune time for the West Virginia Department of Education to ask students via an online survey what they envisioned as their ideal school and to learn what areas that students felt that their schools were already doing a good job and what areas needed improvement. On May 27, 2008, the WVDE sent a news release and placed on the department’s homepage an online student survey which any public school student, grades 5-12, could access and complete. The WVDE desired to include as many student voices in this survey as possible so it was decided that a contest format would be utilized to encourage student participation. Students who registered and completed the online survey were entered for a chance to win an Apple iPod (eight winners would be selected) based on a random drawing. The iPod is one of the most popular brands of portable media players available today. It was designed and marketed by Apple, Inc., and first launched in October 2001. As of 2008, Apple marketed the hard drive-based iPod classic, the touch screen iPod, the video-capable iPod nano, the screenless iPod shuffle and the iPhone. The iPod has a unique user interface and is easy to 4|Page Online Student Survey 2008 use, appealing to the digital native market. As of September 2007, the iPod had sold more than 150 million units worldwide, making it the best-selling digital audio player series in history (Wikipedia, 2008). This device was a fitting incentive for the West Virginia digital native student; a total of 4,955 students registered and completed the online survey. Research Base and Methodology While asking 4,955 students a series of three questions might seem a simple, straightforward process involving limited data, it is not so simple when one considers that each student had the opportunity to provide open-ended comments related to each of the three survey questions. Thus, the researchers had to determine what research base and methodology would be utilized to analyze and make sense of the numerous and unstructured student comments (approximately 2,500). This investigation began with the development, online dissemination and collection of data from a three-item student survey. The survey consisted of three separate questions with check boxes and selected answer responses. Survey question No. 1 was, “Describe your ideal school.” Students were provided with a menu of three possible answer choices and they were advised to check all answer choices that applied to their feelings regarding that question. Survey question No. 2 was, “What is working in your school?” Students were provided with a menu of four possible answer choices for this question and they were again advised to check all answer choices that applied. Survey question No. 3 was, “What is not working in your school?” Students were provided with a menu of five possible answer choices for question number 3 and advised to select all that applied. Since student responses to questions could include multiple answer responses, the analyzed data reflected this duplication. Please see Chart 1 on the following page for a listing of survey questions and possible answer choices. 5|Page Online Student Survey 2008 Chart 1: Online Student Survey Survey Question 1. Describe your ideal school. (Check all that apply) 2. What is working in your school? (Check all that apply) 3. What is not working in your school? (Check all that apply) Possible Check Box Answer Choices Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Online learning Hands-on and real-world learning Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues In addition to the three survey questions and check box answer items, students were provided space (up to 50 characters per question) in which to type other comments related to each survey question. Once the basic student data was gleaned from the direct-response survey items (check box answer choices), a decision had to be made regarding the approximately 2,500 open-ended student comments that were included as part of the survey process. The researchers decided to use the qualitative research design embedded in grounded theory and the quasi-scientific procedure of constant comparative analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Three researchers each took one set of student responses that belonged to one survey question and then read through the comments (with no set time limits) to see what codes could be extracted and grouped into similar concepts. Sets of student comments ranged in number from approximately 600 to 995 comments per survey question. Once this procedure was accomplished individually, the researchers met and briefly discussed the codes used and the concepts generated. A decision was made regarding the categories for data discussion. 6|Page Online Student Survey 2008 In all, the researchers were able to collapse all the coded comments into 10 specific concepts, or themes, for discussion. The 10 themes that emerged from the open-ended student comments were: 21st Century Factors (Instruction, Technology Tools and Assessment) Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff Available Fiscal Resources Academic Relevance of Coursework Scheduling and Availability of Classes Respect/Behavior Issues Leadership Clubs/Non-academic Factors No Relevant Information Due to the rapid nature of this analysis, it was not clear whether the individual interpretations of one researcher would be consistent with the interpretations of a second or third reviewer. An ideal test of the coding consistency among all researchers would have been to have each reviewer categorize the total number of student comments for each question and then compare these results. However, since time was at a premium, the researchers decided to test the sensitivity of coding and categorization for survey question No. 3. This was accomplished by taking a randomly chosen 10 percent of student comments for survey item three and having a second researcher independently code and categorize those comments. From this analysis, it was determined that there was essentially no change in the top two categories of student response for any grade level. There were only minor changes when the top three categories of student response were examined. Report Organization This report has been organized into eight sections beginning with the Executive Summary, Table of Contents, Report Introduction, Research and Methodology, Report Organization, Survey Item No. 1 Responses and Analysis, Survey Item No. 2 Responses and Analysis and Survey Item No. 3 Responses and Analysis. In addition, Appendix A provides statistical analysis 7|Page Online Student Survey 2008 of all check box response items, all open-ended student comments, and all conclusions drawn from these analyses for Survey Question One; Appendix B provides statistical analysis of all check box response items, all open-ended student comments, and all conclusions drawn from these analyses for Survey Question Two; and Appendix C provides statistical analysis of all check box response items, all open-ended student comments, and all conclusions drawn from these analyses for Survey Question Three. Within the body of the report, the reader will find that all analyses are clustered by survey question. For example, Table 1 presents a narrative/numerical table of student responses by grade level for survey question No. 1 one and its related check box response items. Figure 1 provides a pictorial representation of the information from Table 1. Finally, Table 2 presents percentage response by grade level for the 10 open-ended comment categories determined and agreed upon by the researchers. survey question. This same process and presentation is followed for each Thus, regardless of survey question number, the reader will always be presented with: Table of response percentages by grade level for survey question and related check box response items Figure that is a pictorial representation of information contained in the first table Table of response percentages by grade level for open-ended comment categories 8|Page Online Student Survey 2008 SURVEY QUESTION #1 Describe your ideal school. Table 1: Check Box Responses Data Figure 1: Percent of Check Box Responses Table 2: Open-ended Student Comments Analysis 9|Page Online Student Survey 2008 10 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Survey Question 1 Answer Analysis Survey Question 1 – Check Box Answer Responses: Describe your ideal school. Teaching beyond the text book Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 5 957 68.97% 63.22% 57.05% 6 776 63.92% 57.99% 49.36% 7 595 68.07% 67.56% 60.67% 8 910 67.25% 61.54% 62.75% 9 460 67.83% 67.61% 69.57% 10 544 72.24% 68.75% 73.53% 11 487 73.92% 73.10% 75.36% 12 168 70.24% 69.64% 75.60% Grade # of Respondents Available technology and knowledgeable staff Table 1 *Student responses include duplicates; therefore, percentages will not add to 100 percent. 11 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Figure 1 Percent of Student Comments from Survey Question 1: Describe your ideal school. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the text book Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing FINDINGS: High school students, grades 9-12, chose hands-on learning which directly relates to testing as the most important component of an ideal school. Middle school students, grades 5-8, were more likely to select available technology and knowledgeable staff as the most important component of an ideal school. Almost eight out of 10, 11th and 12th grade students surveyed ranked hands-on learning as most important in an ideal school. Approximately seven out of 10, ninth and 10th grade students surveyed ranked hands-on learning as most important in an ideal school. Within grades 6-8, only six out of 10 students ranked hands-on learning as most important in an ideal school. In fifth grade, only five out of 10 students felt that hands-on learning was most important. In grades 5 and 7-12, approximately seven out of 10 students chose available technology and knowledgeable staff as the most important component of an ideal school. In seventh and ninth-12th grade students, seven out of 10 felt that teaching beyond the textbook was an important component of an ideal school. 12 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Survey Question 1: Open-Ended Student Comments Analysis Table 2 CATEGORIES By %age All Respondents GRADES 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 21st Century Instruction 35.70% 28.87% 29.17% 25.86% 23.68% 21.15% 71.43% 61.17% 57.14% 21st Century Technology Tools 34.18% 37.46% 33.33% 25.86% 19.74% 23.08% 43.96% 50.49% 42.86% 21st Century Assessment 2.23% 1.72% 3.47% 1.72% 0.66% 0.00% 6.59% 0.97% 5.71% Pleasant Physical/ Environmental Conditions 4.36% 3.44% 2.78% 0.86% 3.95% 0.00% 13.19% 5.83% 5.71% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 37.42% 30.24% 31.25% 33.62% 26.97% 34.62% 69.23% 57.28% 45.71% Available Fiscal Resources 14.81% 10.31% 13.19% 12.07% 13.16% 15.38% 24.18% 21.36% 31.43% Academic Relevance of Coursework 32.25% 29.55% 33.33% 28.45% 22.37% 23.08% 42.86% 48.54% 45.71% Scheduling and Availability of classes 10.85% 4.81% 10.42% 12.07% 13.82% 15.38% 14.29% 14.56% 20.00% Respect/Behavior Issues 6.09% 3.09% 3.47% 3.45% 4.61% 3.85% 21.98% 9.71% 8.57% Leadership 4.77% 1.72% 1.39% 0.86% 0.66% 3.85% 25.27% 9.71% 8.57% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 5.68% 3.09% 4.17% 8.62% 5.92% 3.85% 15.38% 4.85% 2.86% No Relevant Information Provided 27.38% 35.40% 27.78% 33.62% 35.53% 25.00% 3.30% 12.62% 14.29% Table 2 describes, by percentage of comments relevant to each category, what components students value and want in their ideal schools. Middle grade students had a greater percentage of comments that provided no relevant information to categorize. Grades 10-12 indicated a greater interest in having 21st century instruction and technology tools in their ideal school, as well as having caring and committed teachers and staff. The 10th grade percentages for several categories are higher than for other grades. This survey does not provide sufficient information to understand the reason(s) for the 10th grade higher percentages in these comment categories, but it may be worth pursuing with other instruments. 13 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 14 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 SURVEY QUESTION #2 What is working in your school? Table 3: Check Box Responses Data Figure 2: Percent of Check Box Responses Table 4: Open-ended Student Comments Analysis 15 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 16 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Survey Question 2 Answer Analysis Survey Question 2 – Check Box Answer Responses: What is working in your school? Hands-on and real-world learning Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 5 957 65.10% 59.35% 37.62% 56.84% 6 776 51.55% 56.44% 41.37% 45.36% 7 595 57.03% 59.67% 47.03% 51.43% 8 910 57.03% 59.67% 47.03% 51.43% 9 460 46.74% 61.74% 61.52% 49.13% 10 544 46.14% 61.03% 63.60% 61.03% 11 487 46.20% 64.27% 65.09% 61.60% 12 168 46.43% 52.98% 58.93% 58.33% Grade # of respondents Online learning Table 3 *Student responses include duplicates; therefore, percentages will not add to 100 percent. 17 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Figure 2 Percent of Student Comments from Question 2: What is working in your school? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Online learning Hands-on and real world learning Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning FINDINGS: In grades 10-12, students felt that hands-on and real-world learning, clubs and other extracurricular activities and technology integrated into their learning are all components that are currently working well in their schools. About six out of 10 surveyed students in grades 10-12 felt that these three areas are working well; seven out of 10 surveyed 11th grade students felt that clubs and other extracurricular activities are working. In 12th grade, only five out of 10 students felt that hands-on learning and real-world learning was working well in their schools. Online learning seemed to be working well for fifth grade students with approximately seven out of 10 selecting this answer choice. Technology that is integrated into their learning was working well for fifth and 10th-12th grade students as six out of 10 of these surveyed respondents selected this response. 18 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Survey Question 2: Open-Ended Student Comments Analysis Table 4 CATEGORIES By %age All Respondents GRADES 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 21st Century Instruction 19.34% 23.74% 13.59% 12.12% 17.00% 13.16% 24.39% 25.45% 22.22% 21st Century Technology Tools 24.18% 28.77% 23.30% 24.24% 14.00% 15.79% 24.39% 30.91% 22.22% 21st Century Assessment 1.25% 1.37% 4.85% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Pleasant Physical/ Environmental Conditions 3.43% 3.65% 3.88% 3.03% 1.00% 0.00% 14.63% 1.82% 0.00% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 9.67% 6.85% 11.65% 10.61% 10.00% 5.26% 7.32% 20.00% 11.11% Available Fiscal Resources 1.87% 1.83% 0.97% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.32% Academic Relevance of Coursework 6.24% 1.83% 0.00% 1.52% 3.00% 0.00% 39.02% 21.82% 22.22% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 5.93% 1.37% 6.80% 9.09% 2.00% 7.89% 19.51% 12.73% 11.11% Respect/Behavior issues 0.78% 0.91% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.44% 3.64% 0.00% Leadership 1.09% 0.91% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.27% 5.56% Clubs/Non-academic 8.58% 5.48% 15.53% 10.61% 8.00% 10.53% 7.32% 5.45% 11.11% No Relevant Information 3.64% 5.56% 39.16% 40.64% 35.92% 42.42% 54.00% 63.16% 19.51% 12.73% 22.22% Table 4 describes, by percentage of comments relevant to each category, what components students thought were working within their schools. Grades 5-9 had a greater percentage of comments that provided no relevant information to categorize. For all grade levels, more students commented about 21st century components including instruction and incorporation of technology tools currently working well within their schools than any other topic. It is not possible to interpret the absolute values of the percentages from such a survey. The percentage of comments for these two categories varies among the grades, but not in any recognizable pattern. 19 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 20 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 SURVEY QUESTION #3 What is not working in your school? Table 5: Check Box Responses Data Figure 3: Percent of Check Box Responses Table 6: Open-ended Student Comments Analysis 21 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 22 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Survey Question 3 Answer Analysis Survey Question 3 – Check Box Answer Responses: What is not working in your school? Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues 5 957 20.17% 27.59% 30.41% 25.91% 34.59% 6 776 19.72% 22.29% 29.25% 25.13% 29.64% 7 595 18.32% 27.90% 36.64% 30.25% 35.80% 8 910 17.91% 22.20% 35.27% 30.77% 30.33% 9 460 19.57% 21.52% 41.30% 32.39% 45.22% 10 544 21.14% 16.91% 41.36% 31.80% 52.57% 11 487 20.12% 22.38% 46.00% 30.80% 59.75% 12 168 20.24% 24.40% 48.81% 24.40% 45.83% Grade # of respondents Relevant classes Table 5 *Student responses include duplicates; therefore, percentages will not add to 100 percent. 23 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Figure 3 Percent of Student Comments from Question 3: What is not working in your school? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 5 6 7 8 9 10 Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class Sizes too big 11 12 Scheduling issues FINDINGS: High school students, grades 9-12, indicated that scheduling is not currently working well within their schools. Grades nine, 10 and 12 show that one out of every two students surveyed felt that scheduling is not working well in their schools. High school students, grades 9-12, indicated that too few of their teachers are technology savvy; approximately one out of two students in grades 11 and 12 and two out of five students in grades 7-10 felt that there are not enough technology savvy teachers in their schools. Across all grade levels, except 12th grade, approximately three out of 10 students felt that class sizes are too large. Across all grade levels, one out of five students (grades 5-12) felt that they needed more relevant classes. 24 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Survey Question 3: Open-Ended Student Comments Analysis Table 6 CATEGORIES BY %age All Respondents 21st Century Instruction 11.72% 21st Century Technology Tools 21st Century Assessment GRADES 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 7.95% 10.07% 8.49% 6.47% 7.95% 5.76% 3.77% 7.14% 2.00% 1.08% 13.33% 6.45% 1.45% 1.67% 2.16% 2.83% 1.43% 0.00% 1.08% 0.00% Pleasant Physical/ Environmental Conditions 13.39% 18.83% 15.83% 11.32% 12.86% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 11.05% 4.60% 7.91% 12.26% 12.86% 18.00% 12.90% 20.00% 22.58% Available Fiscal Resources 2.34% 2.51% 0.72% 3.77% 0.71% 2.00% 1.08% 4.44% 3.23% Academic Relevance of Coursework 5.47% 4.18% 5.04% 4.72% 2.14% 14.00% 6.45% 7.78% 9.68% Scheduling and Availability 16.43% 10.00% 10 9.68% 21.11% 22.58% 4.00% 12.90% 0.00% 3.33% 12.90% 15.07% 7.53% 10.79% 18.87% 10.00% 22.00% 32.26% 23.33% 12.90% Respect/Behavior Issues 9.82% 7.53% 12.95% 10.38% 15.00% 12.00% Leadership 0.67% 0.00% 0.72% 0.00% 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 1.45% 1.26% 0.00% 4.72% 0.71% No Relevant Information Provided 31.92% 43.10% 33.09% 27.36% 8.60% 4.44% 6.45% 0.00% 2.15% 2.22% 3.23% 4.00% 0.00% 2.22% 0.00% 30.00% 26.00% 24.73% 25.56% 19.35% Table 6 describes, by percentage of comments relevant to each category, what components students thought were not working in their schools. Across all grade levels, there was a fairly consistent number of comments that provided no relevant information to categorize. Three categories showed increasing percentages of student concern across increasing grade level: 1) caring, committed teachers and staff, 2) academic relevance of coursework, and 3) scheduling and availability. The most pronounced effect was the perceived need for better scheduling for 10th and 11th graders, as compared with other grades. The most commented on categories by the entire set of respondents were scheduling, availability and pleasant physical conditions within their schools. 25 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 26 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Appendixes 27 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 28 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Appendix A: Statistical Survey for Question 1 All Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 7 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 3,373 3,193 Percent 68.07% 64.44% 3,094 62.44% Figure 4 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=4,955 68.07% 64.44% 62.44% Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 29 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 8 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE ALL RESPONDENTS 21st Century Instruction 35.70% 21st Century Technology Tools 34.18% 21st Century Assessment 2.23% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 4.36% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 37.42% Available Fiscal Resources 14.81% Academic Relevance of Coursework 32.25% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 10.85% Respect/Behavior Issues 6.09% Leadership 4.77% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 5.68% No Relevant Information Provided 27.38% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response Items and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Overall, students prefer a hands-on approach to learning provided by committed, caring and dedicated teachers. They would much rather work on a problem that has a real-world application or relationship. Just having students read a textbook and answer questions at the end of the assignment does not produce the type of learning they desire and need in an ever changing, complex world. 30 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Fifth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 9 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 660 605 Percent 68.97% 63.22% 546 57.05% Figure 5 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=957 68.97% Available technology and knowledgeable staff 63.22% 57.05% Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 31 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 10 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 5 21st Century Instruction 28.87% 21st Century Technology Tools 37.46% 21st Century Assessment 1.72% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.44% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 30.24% Available Fiscal Resources 10.31% Academic Relevance of Coursework 29.55% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 4.81% Respect/Behavior Issues 3.09% Leadership 1.72% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 3.09% No Relevant Information Provided 35.40% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Overall, fifth grade students prefer a hands-on approach to learning provided by committed, caring and dedicated teachers. They would like to see technology integrated within their instruction. They would much rather work on a problem that has a real-world application or relationship. Just having them read a textbook and answer questions at the end of the assignment does not produce the type of learning they desire and need in an ever changing, complex world. 32 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Sixth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 11 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 496 450 Percent 63.92% 57.99% 383 49.36% Figure 6 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=776 63.92% 57.99% 49.36% Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 33 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 12 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 6 21st Century Instruction 29.17% 21st Century Technology Tools 33.33% 21st Century Assessment 3.47% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 2.78% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 31.25% Available Fiscal Resources 13.19% Academic Relevance of Coursework 33.33% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 10.42% Respect/Behavior Issues 3.47% Leadership 1.39% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 4.17% No Relevant Information Provided 27.78% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Sixth grade students have a preference for using technology, but they still prefer to have a knowledgeable staff and caring, committed educators to help them on academically relevant material. 34 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Seventh Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 12 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 405 402 Percent 68.07% 67.56% 361 60.67% Figure 7 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=595 68.07% 67.56% 60.67% Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 35 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 13 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 7 21st Century Instruction 25.86% 21st Century Technology Tools 25.86% 21st Century Assessment 1.72% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 0.86% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 33.62% Available Fiscal Resources 12.07% Academic Relevance of Coursework 28.45% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 12.07% Respect/Behavior Issues 3.45% Leadership 0.86% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 8.62% No Relevant Information Provided 33.62% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items The seventh grade students share their sixth grade peers’ desire for knowledgeable staff and having available technology; however, they want to move beyond the textbook in their academic pursuits. 36 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Eighth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 14 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 612 560 Percent 67.25% 61.54% 571 62.75% Figure 8 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=910 67.25% 62.75% 61.54% Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 37 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 15 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 8 21st Century Instruction 23.68% 21st Century Technology Tools 19.74% 21st Century Assessment 0.66% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.95% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 26.97% Available Fiscal Resources 13.16% Academic Relevance of Coursework 22.37% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 13.82% Respect/Behavior Issues 4.61% Leadership 0.66% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 5.92% No Relevant Information Provided 35.53% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items In eighth grade, the students want the technology gadgets and toys to work with, but they also want their teachers to be knowledgeable about these technology tools and their integration within classroom instruction. Eighth grade students also want dedicated and caring teachers and staff. 38 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Ninth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 16 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 312 311 Percent 67.83% 67.61% 320 69.57% Figure 9 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=460 69.57% 67.83% Available technology and knowledgeable staff 67.61% Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 39 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 17 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 9 21st Century Instruction 21.15% 21st Century Technology Tools 23.08% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 0.00% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 34.62% Available Fiscal Resources 15.38% Academic Relevance of Coursework 23.08% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 15.38% Respect/Behavior Issues 3.85% Leadership 3.85% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 3.85% No Relevant Information Provided 25.00% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items In the ninth grade, the students begin to have a stronger desire to do more and more hands-on activities. These activities need to be guided by caring, committed educators who are well versed in a variety of instructional methods. 40 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Tenth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 18 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 393 374 400 Percent 72.24% 68.75% 73.53% Figure 10 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=544 73.53% 72.24% 68.75% Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 41 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 19 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 10 21st Century Instruction 71.43% 21st Century Technology Tools 43.96% 21st Century Assessment 6.59% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 13.19% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 69.23% Available Fiscal Resources 24.18% Academic Relevance of Coursework 42.86% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 14.29% Respect/Behavior Issues 21.98% Leadership 25.27% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 15.38% No Relevant Information Provided 3.30% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Tenth grade students have a strong desire for academically relevant, hands-on activities led by caring and committed teachers. 42 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Eleventh Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 20 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 360 356 367 Percent 73.92% 73.10% 75.36% Figure 11 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=487 75.36% 73.92% 73.10% Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 43 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 21 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 11 21st Century Instruction 61.17% 21st Century Technology Tools 50.49% 21st Century Assessment 0.97% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 5.83% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 57.28% Available Fiscal Resources 21.36% Academic Relevance of Coursework 48.54% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 14.56% Respect/Behavior Issues 9.71% Leadership 9.71% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 4.85% No Relevant Information Provided 12.62% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Like the younger high school students, 11th graders desire academically relevant, hands-on instruction provided by dedicated, caring teachers and staff members. This instruction must be engaging and use a variety of teaching methods and technology tools. 44 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Twelfth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 22 Describe your ideal school Available technology and knowledgeable staff Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing Number of Students Responding 118 117 127 Percent 70.24% 69.64% 75.60% Figure 12 Online Student Survey Describe your ideal school n=168 75.60% 70.24% Available technology and knowledgeable staff 69.64% Teaching beyond the textbook Hands-on learning which directly relates to testing 45 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 23 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 12 21st Century Instruction 57.14% 21st Century Technology Tools 42.86% 21st Century Assessment 5.71% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 5.71% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 45.71% Available Fiscal Resources 31.43% Academic Relevance of Coursework 45.71% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 20.00% Respect/Behavior Issues 8.57% Leadership 8.57% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 2.86% No Relevant Information Provided 14.29% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Twelfth graders have similar academic desires as the other high school students. They want instruction to be engaging and to include a variety of teaching methods and technology tools. 46 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Appendix B: Statistical Survey for Question 2 All Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 24 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 2,656 53.60% Hands-on and real-world learning 2,966 59.86% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 2,458 49.61% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 2,644 53.36% What is working in your school? Figure 13 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=4,955 53.60% Online learning 59.86% 49.61% Hands-on and realworld learning 53.36% Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 47 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 25 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE ALL RESPONDENTS 21st Century Instruction 19.34% 21st Century Technology Tools 24.18% 21st Century Assessment 1.25% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.43% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 9.67% Available Fiscal Resources 1.87% Academic Relevance of Coursework 6.24% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 5.93% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.78% Leadership 1.09% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 8.58% No Relevant Information Provided 39.16% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items The majority of students felt that 21st century instruction and technology were currently working well within their schools. This category contained more student comments than any other category. 48 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Fifth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 26 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 623 65.10% Hands-on and real-world learning 568 59.35% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 360 37.62% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 544 56.84% What is working in your school? Figure 14 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=957 65.10% 59.35% 56.84% 37.62% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 49 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 27 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 5 21st Century Instruction 23.74% 21st Century Technology Tools 28.77% 21st Century Assessment 1.37% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.65% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 6.85% Available Fiscal Resources 1.83% Academic Relevance of Coursework 1.83% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 1.37% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.91% Leadership 0.91% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 5.48% No Relevant Information Provided 40.64% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Fifth grade students felt that online learning and hands-on activities are working in their schools. They also felt strongly that 21st century instruction and technology tools are important to their education. 50 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Sixth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 28 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 400 51.55% Hands-on and real-world learning 438 56.44% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 321 41.37% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 352 45.36% What is working in your school? Figure 15 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=776 51.55% 56.44% 41.37% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning 45.36% Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 51 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 29 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 6 21st Century Instruction 13.59% 21st Century Technology Tools 23.30% 21st Century Assessment 4.85% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.88% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 11.65% Available Fiscal Resources 0.97% Academic Relevance of Coursework 0.00% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 6.80% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.00% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 15.53% No Relevant Information Provided 35.92% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Sixth grade students felt that hands-on activities and online learning are working in their school. They also felt strongly that 21st century technology tools are important to their education. 52 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Seventh Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 30 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 329 55.29% Hands-on and real-world learning 381 64.03% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 291 48.91% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 311 52.27% What is working in your school? Figure 16 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=595 64.03% 55.29% 48.91% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning 52.27% Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 53 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 31 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 7 21st Century Instruction 12.12% 21st Century Technology Tools 24.24% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.03% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 10.61% Available Fiscal Resources 0.00% Academic Relevance of Coursework 1.52% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 9.09% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.00% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 10.61% No Relevant Information Provided 42.42% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Seventh grade students felt that hands-on activities and online learning are working in their schools. They also felt strongly that 21st century technology tools are important to their education. 54 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Eighth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 32 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 519 57.03% Hands-on and real-world learning 543 59.67% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 428 47.03% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 468 51.43% What is working in your school? Figure 17 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=910 57.03% 59.67% 47.03% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning 51.43% Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 55 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 33 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 8 21st Century Instruction 17.00% 21st Century Technology Tools 14.00% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 1.00% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 10.00% Available Fiscal Resources 0.00% Academic Relevance of Coursework 3.00% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 2.00% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.00% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 8.00% No Relevant Information Provided 54.00% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items A smaller number of eighth grade students (as compared with the younger middle school students) felt that hands-on activities and online learning are working in their schools. They felt somewhat less strongly that 21st century technology tools are important to their education. It is interesting to note the higher percentage of comments that did not contain enough information to categorize within this population of students. 56 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Ninth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 34 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 215 46.74% Hands-on and real-world learning 284 61.74% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 283 61.52% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 226 49.13% What is working in your school? Figure 18 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=460 61.74% 49.13% 46.74% Online learning 61.52% Hands-on and realworld learning Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 57 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 35 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 9 21st Century Instruction 13.16% 21st Century Technology Tools 15.79% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 0.00% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 5.26% Available Fiscal Resources 0.00% Academic Relevance of Coursework 0.00% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 7.89% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.00% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 10.53% No Relevant Information Provided 63.16% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Ninth grade students felt that hands-on activities and extracurricular activities are working in their schools. They also felt strongly that 21st century technology tools are important to their education. 58 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Tenth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 36 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 251 46.14% Hands-on and real-world learning 332 61.03% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 346 63.60% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 332 61.03% What is working in your school? Figure 19 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=544 61.03% 63.60% 61.03% 46.14% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 59 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 37 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 10 21st Century Instruction 24.39% 21st Century Technology Tools 24.39% 21st Century Assessment Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 0.00% 14.63% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 7.32% Available Fiscal Resources 7.32% Academic Relevance of Coursework 39.02% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 19.51% Respect/Behavior Issues 2.44% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 7.32% No Relevant Information Provided 19.51% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Tenth grade students felt that technology integrated into instruction, extracurricular activities and hands-on learning are doing well in their schools. They also felt strongly that these activities needed to be academically relevant. 60 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Eleventh Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 38 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 225 46.20% Hands-on and real-world learning 313 64.27% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 317 65.09% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 300 61.60% What is working in your school? Figure 20 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=487 64.27% 65.09% 61.60% 46.20% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 61 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 39 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 11 21st Century Instruction 25.45% 21st Century Technology Tools 30.91% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 1.82% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff Available Fiscal Resources 20.00% 3.64% Academic Relevance of Coursework 21.82% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 12.73% Respect/Behavior Issues 3.64% Leadership 7.27% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 5.45% No Relevant Information Provided 12.73% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Eleventh grade students felt that extracurricular activities and hands-on, real-world learning are being done well in their schools. They also felt that more integration of technology tools used in 21st century classrooms is needed. 62 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Twelfth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 40 Number of Students Responding Percent Online learning 78 46.43% Hands-on and real-world learning 89 52.98% Clubs and other extracurricular activities that help develop leadership and teaming skills 99 58.93% Technology that is utilized and integrated into learning 98 58.33% What is working in your school? Figure 21 Online Student Survey What is working in your school? n=168 52.98% 58.93% 58.33% 46.43% Online learning Hands-on and realworld learning Clubs and other Technology that is extracurricular activities utilized and integrated that help develop into learning leadership and teaming skills 63 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 41 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 12 21st Century Instruction 22.22% 21st Century Technology Tools 22.22% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 0.00% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff Available Fiscal Resources 11.11% 5.56% Academic Relevance of Coursework 22.22% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 11.11% Respect/Behavior Issues 0.00% Leadership 5.56% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 11.11% No Relevant Information Provided 22.22% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Twelfth grade students felt that extracurricular activities and technology integrated into their instruction are being done well in their schools. They also felt that the technology tools used in 21st century classrooms along with the type of instruction that this brings about must be academically relevant. 64 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Appendix C: Statistical Survey for Question 3 All Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 42 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 959 1,149 1,788 1,422 1,923 Percent 19.35% 23.19% 36.08% 28.70% 38.81% Figure 22 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=4,955 38.81% 36.08% 28.70% 23.19% 19.35% Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 65 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 42 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE 21st Century Instruction All Respondents 11.72% 21st Century Technology Tools 6.47% 21st Century Assessment 1.45% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 13.39% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 11.05% Available Fiscal Resources 2.34% Academic Relevance of Coursework 5.47% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 15.07% Respect/Behavior Issues 9.82% Leadership 0.67% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 1.45% No Relevant Information Provided 31.92% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Overall, students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. 66 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Fifth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 43 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 193 264 291 248 331 Percent 20.17% 27.59% 30.41% 25.91% 34.59% Figure 23 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=957 34.59% 27.59% 30.41% 25.91% 20.17% Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 67 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 43 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 5 21st Century Instruction 7.95% 21st Century Technology Tools 7.95% 21st Century Assessment 1.67% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 18.83% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 4.60% Available Fiscal Resources 2.51% Academic Relevance of Coursework 4.18% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 7.53% Respect/Behavior Issues 7.53% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 1.26% No Relevant Information Provided 43.10% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Fifth grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed a great deal of concern regarding the conditions of the school, i.e., whether or not the environment was pleasant to be in. 68 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Sixth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 44 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 153 173 227 195 230 Percent 19.72% 22.29% 29.25% 25.13% 29.64% Figure 24 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=776 29.64% 29.25% 19.72% Relevant classes 22.29% Higher level courses 25.13% Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 69 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 45 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE 21st Century Instruction GRADE 6 10.07% 21st Century Technology Tools 5.76% 21st Century Assessment 2.16% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 15.83% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 7.91% Available Fiscal Resources 0.72% Academic Relevance of Coursework 5.04% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 10.79% Respect/Behavior Issues 12.95% Leadership 0.72% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 0.00% No Relevant Information Provided 33.09% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Sixth grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed a great deal of concern regarding the conditions of the school, i.e., whether or not the environment was pleasant to be in. 70 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Seventh Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 46 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 109 166 218 180 213 Percent 18.32% 27.90% 36.64% 30.25% 35.80% Figure 25 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=595 36.64% 27.90% 35.80% 30.25% 18.32% Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 71 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 47 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 7 21st Century Instruction 8.49% 21st Century Technology Tools 3.77% 21st Century Assessment Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 2.83% 11.32% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 12.26% Available Fiscal Resources 3.77% Academic Relevance of Coursework 4.72% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 18.87% Respect/Behavior Issues 10.38% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 4.72% No Relevant Information Provided 27.36% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Seventh grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. 72 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Eighth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 48 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 163 202 321 280 276 Percent 17.91% 22.20% 35.27% 30.77% 30.33% Figure 26 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=910 35.27% 30.77% 30.33% 22.20% 17.91% Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 73 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 49 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE 21st Century Instruction GRADE 8 16.43% 21st Century Technology Tools 7.14% 21st Century Assessment 1.43% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 12.86% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 12.86% Available Fiscal Resources 0.71% Academic Relevance of Coursework 2.14% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 10.00% Respect/Behavior Issues 15.00% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 0.71% No Relevant Information Provided 30.00% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Eighth grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers, large class sizes and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed a great deal of concern regarding the conditions of the school, i.e., whether or not the environment was pleasant to be in. 74 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Ninth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 50 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 90 99 190 149 208 Percent 19.57% 21.52% 41.30% 32.39% 45.22% Figure 27 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=460 45.22% 41.30% 32.39% 19.57% 21.52% Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 75 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 51 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE 21st Century Instruction GRADE 9 10.00% 21st Century Technology Tools 2.00% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 4.00% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff Available Fiscal Resources 18.00% 2.00% Academic Relevance of Coursework 14.00% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 22.00% Respect/Behavior Issues 12.00% Leadership 0.00% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 4.00% No Relevant Information Provided 26.00% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Ninth grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed a concern about the number of caring and committed teachers and staff members in their schools. 76 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Tenth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 52 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 115 92 225 173 286 Percent 21.14% 16.91% 41.36% 31.80% 52.57% Figure 28 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=544 52.57% 41.36% 31.80% 21.14% Relevant classes 16.91% Higher level courses Too few Class Sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 77 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 53 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 10 21st Century Instruction 9.68% 21st Century Technology Tools 1.08% 21st Century Assessment 1.08% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 12.90% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 12.90% Available Fiscal Resources 1.08% Academic Relevance of Coursework 6.45% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 32.26% Respect/Behavior Issues 8.60% Leadership 2.15% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 0.00% No Relevant Information Provided 24.73% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Comment Items Tenth grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed a concern about the number of caring and committed teachers and staff members in their schools. 78 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Eleventh Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 54 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 98 109 224 150 291 Percent 20.12% 22.38% 46.00% 30.80% 59.75% Figure 29 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=487 59.75% 46.00% 30.80% 20.12% 22.38% Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few Class sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 79 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 55 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE GRADE 11 21st Century Instruction 21.11% 21st Century Technology Tools 13.33% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 3.33% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 20.00% Available Fiscal Resources 4.44% Academic Relevance of Coursework 7.78% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 23.33% Respect/Behavior Issues 4.44% Leadership 2.22% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 2.22% No Relevant Information Provided 25.56% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Eleventh grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed a concern about the number of caring and committed teachers and staff members in their schools. 80 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Twelfth Grade Students Surveyed Analysis of Check Box Response Items Table 56 What is not working in you school? Relevant classes Higher level courses Too few technology savvy teachers Class sizes too big Scheduling issues Number of Students Responding 34 41 82 41 77 Percent 20.24% 24.40% 48.81% 24.40% 45.83% Figure 30 Online Student Survey What is not working in your school? n=168 48.81% 20.24% Relevant classes 45.83% 24.40% 24.40% Higher level courses Too few Class Sizes too big Scheduling issues technology savvy teachers 81 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 Analysis of Open-Ended Student Comment Items Table 57 CATEGORIES BY PERCENTAGE 21st Century Instruction GRADE 12 22.58% 21st Century Technology Tools 6.45% 21st Century Assessment 0.00% Pleasant Physical/Environmental Conditions 12.90% Caring, Committed Teachers and Staff 22.58% Available Fiscal Resources 3.23% Academic Relevance of Coursework 9.68% Scheduling and Availability of Classes 12.90% Respect/Behavior Issues 6.45% Leadership 3.23% Clubs/Non-academic Factors 0.00% No Relevant Information Provided 19.35% Conclusions drawn from Analysis of Check Box Response and Open-Ended Student Comment Items Twelfth grade students felt that the lack of technology savvy teachers and scheduling are problems in their schools. These students also expressed an equal concern about the number of caring and committed teachers and staff members in their schools and the current 21st century instruction being delivered in schools. 82 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 References 83 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 84 | P a g e Online Student Survey 2008 References Dickens, C. (1854), Hard times, page 1. Retrieved July 18, 2008 from http://www.online-literature.com/dickens/hardtimes/ Eddy, T. (2008, June 2). Department of Education asks kids to critique schools. The Dominion Post. Retrieved July 15, 2008, from http://www.redorbit.com/news/education/1412377/ department_of_education_asks_kids_to_critique_schools/ Glaser, B. G. and A. Strauss (1967): The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research, Chicago: Aline Publications. Information Revolution. (n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2008 from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Revolution iPod.(n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2008, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod Jukes, I. & McCain, T. (June 2007). Living on the future edge brief. The InfoSavvy Group. Retrieved July 17, 2008 from http://web.mac.com/iajukes/thecommittedsardine/Handouts.html Nelson, T. (2008, July 3). Digital revolution is now transforming education [Radio transcript]. Minnesota Public Radio. 85 | P a g e