Streets of Buenos Aires An Honors Thesis (HONR 499) by Kell y McMasters Thesis Advisor MarkSawrie niversity
Muncie, Indiana March 2014 Expected Date of Graduation May 2014 Abstract
Streets of Buenos Aires is a book that captures the culture, history, and the people
of Buenos Aires through the utilization of photography and supporting research. The
purpose of this work was to create an eye opening experience for the viewer where he
or she could not only read about the cultural differences in South America, but also see
those descriptions come to life through photography. This book was created not only to
bring awareness to the general public of Argentina's culture, but also to provide other
students interested in study abroad with a reference to a peer's experience abroad.
Streets of Buenos Aires will be distributed through relevant offices on campus such as the
Honors College and Rinker Center, in order to share the information that has been
gathered.
The main components of this project include photography, supporting research,
and the physical production of a book through blurb.com. Streets of Buenos Aires is
divided into four central chapters: culture, professions, the national strike, and the life
of the city. These divisions were created to organize a broad scope of the successes,
struggles, and cultural differences of an Argentine's life.
2
Acknowledgement
I would like to give a special thanks to Mark Sawrie for advising me through this
project. Through this exceedingly long process he has been supportive and willing to
help with any questions that arose. He has also made me aware of other opportunities
where I could apply and submit my final book.
I would also like to acknowledge a few other individuals who played major and very
specific parts in the editing process of this book. Thanks to Dr. John Dizgun for his
advising in the content of my book. Due to his outstanding knowledge and
understanding of the country, I was able to clarify my writing to summarize historical
and cultural key points in a relatively limited amount of text. I would like to thank
Barbara Ewald for her critical grammar and content editing. She went out of her way to
file through multiple rounds of edits and helped refine this book bounds beyond the
original drafts. A final thanks to Sam Minor who assisted with graphic design questions
and critiques. His input, not only on this project, but throughout my four years here has
been irreplaceable.
I would also like to thank Jenny, Hannah, Jacinda, and Audrey for encouraging me to
pursue this daunting task.
3
Author's Statement
There is no greater inspiration in life than the world and experiences that
encompass our lives. Sprouting with my adventure abroad to Buenos Aires, Argentina
and reaching full bloom in Muncie, IN, photography and research led my exploration
and development of new artistic and personal growth. Not only did this project fuel my
desire to learn, but it combined many of my passions into a cohesive production, which
is now available to encourage others to seek new experiences.
In the summer of 2012, when I visited Argentina with the KIIS Study Abroad
program, I went with no expectation of creating a book. There were two main factors,
which inspired this unanticipated path. My initial inspirations were the two classes I
took abroad. One class was a history course, which sparked my interest in the rich
political and cultural past the country held. My other course, which was focused on
street scenes photography, only continued to feed and challenge my passion for the art.
It also expanded my interest in street photography, in which I had only dabbled. This
course initiated the other source of my inspiration, which I found radiating from the
people in the streets. As I challenged myself to become an observer and absorb the
culture that surrounded me, I was overcome with questions and curiosity. Through
photography, I was first able to capture things I found interest in and upon returning to
the states I was able to do further research and discover in what I had been immersed.
This opportunity to create a book brought my studies abroad full circle as much of my
history course carried into the final product.
While I was only in Buenos Aires for just about a month, I collected quite the
mass assortment of 5,000 plus images. Upon my return to the US, the tedious and
multiple reviews to narrow down my images began. First, I was trying to choose eight
to print, which would complete the independent credit I was recieving for my photo
class. After realizing I had way more than eight photos I wanted to share, the idea of a
book began to grow. This required me to narrow down my images to strongest and to
categorize them by content. After looking at my groupings of selected photos, I felt that
culture, professions, and the national strike where the strongest components. The
remaining photos and elements of the Argentine lifestyle I paired into the Life of the City
chapter and I also tried to cover vital information that was not paired with a picture in
the chapter introductions.
4
Condensing all of this information into a cohesive book took quite a bit of
selective decision making, but tying this project into my area of study was effortless. As
a designer, I have been taught to work with variables such as body copy, photography,
and different mediums. This project allowed me to not only put these lessons into
practice, but also use them in tandem with a professional printing company. I was able
to use my design knowledge of InDesign to format the book, make sure it was prepared
for the printers, and to even communicate with the customer service of the blurb.com.
My design studies were clearly utilized, but my writing skills were still challenged,
which falls more inline with my studies in the Honors College.
As an artist and for my future endeavors, this project has become a huge
stepping-stone. To start, it has been a huge portfolio builder. I have been to a few
interviews and portfolio reviews and I keep receiving consistent feedback about the
level of professionalism of the project. It is a project I have poured myself into and that
connection and enthusiasm rings as I present Streets of Buenos Aires to each new
potential employer.
Even more important than building up my opportunity for future careers, the
development of this book helped me discover where my true passion lies. I now
recognize my passion, not just for making books, but for creating tactile forms that
people can hold, feel, and connect to. I realized building that physical connection for
others is extremely important to me and I want my future to incorporate that link
between the design product and the viewer. On top of my newfound passion for tactile
design, I expanded my previous passion for photography. When first dabbling in
photography I stuck to the standard still life set ups, inanimate objects, and immobile
subjects. As I have grown into the medium, I shed the fear of judgment from others and
embraced the rawness of human nature and interaction. I have found the beauty, sense
of emotion, and the stories each individual has to share just from their existence. Being
able to capture each person's unique characteristics has become one of my greatest and
most cherished challenges. This desire to capture the human spirit through
photography was sparked by forcing myself to adventure into the streets and explore
people and places that were so foreign. While my exact path in the career path is still
unlabeled, I feel confident that photography and bookmaking will hold a strong
influence in my future.
5
Supplements
The physical book is included in this slip, but the book is also available online for digital
viewing. Follow the link and view full screen for a high resolution.
htlp:llwww.blurb.comlbooks/5331935-streets-of-buenos-aires
Works Cited
Alberdi, Juan Bautista. "Immigration as a Means of Progress." The Argentina Reader:
History, Culture, and Society. By Gabriela Nouzeilles and Graciela R. Montaldo.
Durham: Duke UP, 2002. 95-101. Print.
AP. "Argentina 8N." Voxxi RSS. N.p., 9 Nov. 2012. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
"Argentina Unemployment Rate." Findthedata.org. Find the Data, Web. 28 Feb. 2013.
"Argentina's Trade Surplus down 40% in July; Unemployment Fell to 7.2%." MercoPress:
South Atlantic News Agency. N.p., 22 Aug. 2013. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
Bao, Sandra, and Anja Mutic. Buenos Aires: City Guide. 5th ed. Footscray, Vic.: Lonely
Planet, 2008. Print.
Calatrava, Almudena. "Unions Stage One-day General Strike in Argentina." Associated
Press 27 June 2012. Print.
"CGT, CT A Warn of New Protests in March." Buenosairesherald.com. Ed. Orlando M.
Vignatti. Buenos Aires Herald, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.
Chatterton, Paul, and Penny Koutrolikou. "Alternatives." To the Streets! Voices from
Argentina's Popular Uprising 8.1 (2004): 115-25. Print.
Cockcroft, James. "The Argentine Crisis, Part II." Front Page. Solidarity, May-June 2003.
Web. 02 July 2012.
Collier, Simon, and Ken Haas. "The Birth of Tango." Tango!: The Dance, the Song, the
Story. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1995. 196-202. Print.
Dizgun, John, Dr. "Buenos Aires, City of Immigrants." Buenos Aires. June-July 2012.
Lecture.
"Education in Argentina." Expatriate Community for Expats Worldwide. InterNations,
Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
"First Organized Labour National Strike Challenges President Cristina Fernandez."
Mercopress.com. MercoPress, 27 June 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.
"Five Jailed over Fatal Buenos Aires Nightclub Fire." The Guardian. Guardian News and
Media, 20 Aug. 2009. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.
"Food & Drink Sector in Argentina." http://www.ukti.gov.uk/. UK Trade & Investment, 29
Aug. 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013.
Foster, David William., Melissa Fitch. Lockhart, and Darrell B. Lockhart. Culture and
Customs of Argentina. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. Print.
7
Goni, Uki. "Police Held for Killing Protesters." The Guardian. Guardian News and
Media, 28 June 2002. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
"Homeless Statistics." Homelessworldcup.org. Homeless World Cup, Nov. 2012. Web. 26
Feb. 2013.
Masseroni, Susana, and Susana Sauane. "Psychic and Somatic Vulnerability Among
Professional Women in Argentina as a Result of the Precarization of Labor Linked
during the Socioeconomic Crisis." Through the Eyes of Women: Gender, Social
Networks, Family and Structural Change in Latin America and the Caribbean. By
Cecilia MenjIvar. Willowdale, Ont.: De Sitter Publications, 2003. 61-83. Print.
Nouzeilles, Gabriela, and Graciela R. Montaldo. The Argentina Reader: History,
Culture, and Society. Durham: Duke UP, 2002. Print.
Raszewski, Eliana. "Argentinafs First National Strike Pressures Fernandez on Tax."
Businessweek.com. Bloomberg Businessweek, 27 June 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013.
Schwandl, Robert. "Buenos Aires Subte {Metro)." UrbanRail.Net. Urban Rail, 2007. Web.
28 Feb. 2013. <http://www.urbanrail.net/am/buen/buenos-aires.hbn>.
Turnbull, Robert. "An Operatic Drama Performed Mostly Offstage." The New York Times.
The New York Times, 16 June 2010. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
"The Blue Dollar." Economist [London] 2 June 2012: Print.
"US dollar climbs to 7.89 pesos, 'blue' falls." Buenosairesherald.com. Ed. Orlando M.
Vignatti. Buenos Aires Herald, 26 Feb. 2014. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.
"World Socialist Web Site." This Week in History: June 25-July 1. N.p., 25 June 2012.
Web. 02 July 2012. <http://www.wsws.org/ articles/2012/jun2012/twih­
j25.shbnl>.
Valente, Marcela. "Argentina: Two Killed in Clash Between Unemployed Pickets and
Police." Common Dreams Headlines June 2002. Inter Press Service, 27 June 2002.
Web. 25 February 2013.
8
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'"
Photography is a journey, an outlet, form of
expression, and a passion that brings so much joy
to my life. As my skills have developed from yearbook
shots to newspaper photojournalism, senior pictures
to wedding photography, and personal images to
spontaneous street photography, I have grown and
continue to learn the art of capturing genuine
moments. In the past few years I have immersed
myself in the world around me trying to document
my surrounds, but more importantly, the people who
fill the area and give the space meaning. Whether it's
family that makes a place home, or strangers who
create an atmosphere of excitement and joy, those
people make a place come to life. What better way
to document life than to capture images of the very
beings that give our surroundings meaning?
PEOPLE:
n IE HEART
A special thanks to John Oizgun. Barbara Ewald. Mark Sawrie. Sam Minor. and all of the friends. family. and professors who helped make this book possible, ~)
& SOUL
AU I()S 1\ 1->1 S, 111.>8 1\ 111 1/\
In the summer Of2012. I spent a month in Buenos Aires for a KIIS
study abroad program. As I ventured through this foreign place.
the streets came alive as the Argentines went about their daily
activities, Their daily routines began to create an image for this
great City; an image of success. but also of struggle. Their actions
began to describe their individual being. but also to create a
persona for the city,
As a photographer I strive to find beauty and interest in all scenes
of life. I find that people on the streets are the most versatile and
intrigUing characters to photograph. This is the reason I decided
to focus my series on Argentines in the City. I find it compelling
how Portenos present themselves and as a result how others perceive
them as individuals. The way people interact in the streets and the
markets is also captivating; their body language. facial expressions.
and actions are distinct and direct. As I explored Buenos Aires.
I strove to find Portenos living in their element. and I honed in
on those characters in the streets that help sculpt Buenos Aires
into the city it is today; cosmopolitan city. wh ich despite the large
wealth gap. economic disparities. and political corruption. has
continued to function through determination and perseverance,
COVER PHOTO
'TWo girls cnioylng .. ,mal! royet ("ti",,! In Llnrr. J strugglln~ h;u-riu ill
no! A H<3. rmt( """"lnJ ~ very d h'ent population 111 terllll at race an d
rdiglOn. Somr aamplt'< of rommuniri .. in the arr.lnd,lLIr. but ar. not
lllniLtd to; Jews. Koreans. Arabs, Penm ruu . • nJ Tnilians.
INSIDE PAGE
In th< b.. rnc l .tl Boca• .:orrvenf,Uoj lIe common /iving ,mmgrmcnu fur
un&rpTlvilr~cd r.n.il,tf, ThtfC .w:ommOd;UlOnI WCl t "'lot con<tmcted fo,
durabili ty. l'3t.h ~r. thr)' wore ,n.w, ttl hUUk ","!1iple ' aIl1JIie. near the pon s
",hert Jo b. ~auld be fo und for Eu'opean ,,,"'corners m lhe IMe ,yth a.nd
early 20th cnlnU'i~s.
Accessibility to my work is something that I find essential. This is
why I have chosen a book format for my photography. Books give
the creator the ability to reproduce his or her work, pass it around
to others. and this b ook will even be viewable online. There are
many scenes in the world that never reach our eyes. but books help
educate others and expand horizons.
CULTURE Buenos Ail .. i' lhe mrll1!l1l r OI or Soulh Amerka, which 1$
hlgh light.J ~, t r.volt,,· ond nativ., blend in Ihe ,1,,,,ls.
Het",."n 1~7 1) nnlU 1~ 1 4 , 11ili pO I! Ll ty filled ,,"tn a wave of
Sponl,h .mll It:illan lmm18tont, who r. lncoted tor muillpl.
Wl5u1\l. InJusln ,bUIiun WQ~ on. of Ih< major O IJSeS.
hlll11 lrnnll wo uld utlc "ark. Ih el\ ,~nJ mUllcy b.ck 10 Ihelr
r.m ih~l who were luif.n ng In puv. e(unOnllt! wll n ru ud
, horlultt'l due 10 Ih. d.d lllt In lh. ~.i c lli turt ...:101'. Anolher
draw w;u In.! Ar~'t' nl in,. hn,l ~ I"t of ~'·'llnb l .IAnrl l u ,,!Tn
DIU' 10 polilica! Iht0 1l,1And dl pl om~ I , !n.n llalllllt.l Alb.rd\"
,nnuellCc. Ih~ gO\'crnnl~nt p,unlol.d. mJ!OI pu ll to " wh ll~ n"
Inc p"pu!JIWn, AIb.nl! ' "PPllrt ttl lh l1 Pdt! ~rn IIf 'm m l~rdl i nn
b.",,,,. h. bdi. v.J ih,1 f': uropc;\", . !re.ll.J',. had In esto blish.d
molh",t ,)1' orcin , . dtlL>lnun,llnJ h.,J w(Ork, l'.opl. continued
In flO"'; nll' Alr,entl nn rro m \outh Atner1ea n CPt"'t" ., ""h
... PamsulY, Ilnltvl~. ChUe, ,tn.i Peru 1M th. hupt of " brighter
IUlur., DU~ !oJ Ihl' c.XII, tn,· b l en~ origins. Bu"ool An'N 1>.,
ronn~d a richly di..... t cult ure or lts own.
or
Purtellu" "'!lIc,11 OTe ptOJl\t wh" live in !)"tno, Attej. ,hort
(lYerlappmg lmrutJoru lh,1 ""' borrowed trom lnlIor , ,,ltut"",
TheI3n&" Is. perfect eXMmp!t of multiple .:ullm e.o fmir,c 10 I· 'tal.
~ M" cult ura l va nonl., Th is tUner ong tnoltd from d cOmbtn311on
of II>. Spanish nah.n,,> j nd twn more h)' 4 ,,,I,, . . fro- Arge nti ne
J.m c<. the miloo(!ll lnl l t.lJl)~ th. tango st " r~d <v"lvlng III OUI.,
b,IJl lU. ~n" l",,·tr dol" ·,L, nrr 30ldtml« wbic h Wtft
",senll.llr Drothel•• l!y th••3' I)' 1"'.OIl<lh cenlury, P~rh'! uppe ,
.:W. h4d tmb.~,;ffi Ih. lango. which ok...-. u,d the d~" •• In " I'''t'l
,)1 "'phlstic6ti,'n and hlsh 51 .ture, Once "'sel1 l1 n•• caught "'inJ
of F-lJ roptan', ar.:ertance, the dance hecame R, ultu ral "g",fit' of
ArgclU lI\tl The populQl lty of rhi ' pUliDnale da'I.c ",,"" 0" tod~)' IhruuSl, WlIpie. p~r furmlng in sl, eel rlal" .nd r rniehkonal. pedo rmHl S ~t lIf'iC'ill. !lingo shoWI. Mill)' oll", r nrl• .lntl l h c~IJC pr()tilICIIOnJ Ihrlv" 111 Ill,· cit y. The Teat.." Colo n l1pera I lOUie tJ l prJmt example Dll he olllstandJ ng hlcllll lcl.v.aJlllhJc It) 111< puhlJc. NIll llnly i811 bl t:alht.klOll wun lt l PaT Ishln inO ut n, .d. IItll . ~l'n Quc Ih.altl. but ""' ,J il " ,,,(o~ nl z<,,f ill< un. df .h. lOp live 3rou.ur.1 \'rnlltl In Ih. w1)rld, Anulhcr inleresting f.lct .bOU1 lh l~ cXlr .'":IS~1JI th"'I ICII Ih., bcnclth Ihe 'lJ!le II " I krr~ flOOh rul l oLm dllOfl­
melll ,,( M
inTage, indll Jlng 30,000 p.II. of . ho.., "I
Surce. i~
u dJ lt i,)nall~·." m of ~ntcT'L:tJn mC'nt fhi5t I, clost ffJ
the hart. of A TIlen ti n....... you CIIn .or 10 the p lc lure to Ih. rig ht.
the 10•• of !occtr I'urtl.13)'oung 1\8. ""d C,llUM oft,.., pl.l)' In
nL'18hborhuu~ p... ks, A' ll'lnl'nt"1W1 only enjoy plaYIng the S""'<.
but tSI£o WlIlchlng Ihe proftSslonw I. qUlle the specta.:k hi.
tili)' to IccQjjnlz( t ho ?Oltt1'l",' .nthu.lasm:u C1I! hOln, hon k Jnd
-GMooaanlf" . , hou I h l()ughollt lh ~ cit). AIIt,nLi ru h" mu lt iple
World ~IIP title> ""d "'•.0 ho ued Ih. '<JmpelJlion In 1 97~,
Howl"'er, mOl r,l' were oUlrap,ed by Ihe goVtrnmenl'.< ill. vi tht
World Cup 10 d"rr1 lh. world o\q)' (roon the ~nJlo ,"s "D llIY
lI'a,· ~ n d tht mtlimy'j obmt of human Tight>. Cun>l.kflng
.... rllcnl ll).i have betn ,ict, m. of m..,~ soC1al lnju,t\w , soce",
is "" DU tllt thlll prO\'\dt' romrort . nd "'1""lhT
While talIgo. tbeulre. a1Id ,rIC.:er &Ie jlul in trouuction' to 1M
, ultura! idrnlily of Buen()s Al ros, the res l of th,· chapter wfI1
expand
UPO Il
A'gtnltn< traJlilonl:uld ,haracler,
I
GRADUATION TRADITION
Afi t r fi n ~l"C3mj, it i~ not uncomm on lO 5Oe gradual" dOllud in . b.~ of OOUt ',1 ,"cogniLl1in of lh~iI .chitvem m ll. In 3ddl1 ,un tu th rowIng flo ur on stuJtnts, other cooking product s ouch aJ <'1l8'. ketchup. and m,lk
often ,"rluded In
m u.il, RemMnt. ofth c.r cclebralions e m l>c fuund throughout the c ily. ", ually outride grucer)' Slort. ~d III plalas, L""
,t. : ' .~
s-~rrT:',
I.H
CAFE CULTURE
OPPOSITE PAGE
Cafes serve il$ n center of com·ersatio n and social iz ing.
Thor ure full of dlsc u5.Slunl "' '1.l n~ fm ln the'" luu.1
business. polilkal. and t(.onu mlC lSSll~ tu the more
pe~oMI con""rsalions o( s()Car gam~' and lave
imer~t&. Numtrous A.rgc.ntjll ~:s are loyal Ctl~t llmtrS tn
their C'!!' of ~h ni ce, Some hi, roTlol h~"lI", , ut h as
no,'olin Jullo Connlllf nnd wr iter lorg~, Lui, Borge' are
perf,'cl c.xamples "( propl. who frequented thelT preferred
cafes ill the city.
TIME ALONE
RIGHT
A ,,'j'} !1 to j local cafe la,lone 1.$ ;)Iso B common O...~ ('ll r re I1 C c: In
mO llYPtmc~ o! ' thil y ,,"lIlnh Wll il. th... ",Iii. iuncl!o"
they aJso serve as ~ C'xt('rnal plnL:e fro m
hom es whtte I\)(.al~ ( In retTeJt from tht" dty'j;
i\S a :iocial c<nterl
p eo p ~t" s
(om,l"nt mol ion. 'Theit tlltabhsh menl !O provlde momt'nt'
01 ,ohda[lty. which are simply .luIred belween pe rsona]
th oughts an d a ,~j.' mr,"do ( c u iY~. wlI h milk),
?
(If f' 0 " 1.; ~ 1'r:­
:;,m,'.,. F n .\l.~ /'T ~r:'-
STREET PERFORMERS
On wc:'C'kcnd!o) ~rgm r nb of Bl\ t"no~
AIres' meel< Jrt overiJowi nl: with
vcnJ ors. Alongslor! the >fr.ly of
slnnJ. ,onl~illl ng hondmaJ t
emit., (0011. M Il nnll'lllt., ,' Illm
art also pt' riorrnl ng in Ih.llIffU
"J he pafllCUIJ f Wee! p" rform"rs
pIctured art inr m thc Ftrla de San
'1<lmo, a ~I'ul a r SundJl)' Ilca m.,ltc i
in S,m Trllffo. !'.xnmplei of ,,,uline,
th~1 bruwSl ng pede'lrilU1S may
obsen'. U1dude the metalU, humnn
statues, mi m Cb. in'l trumcntal and
\'Ocal pmonl1an.:u, puppett.en,
,rt!." pai ntins, Whll. " r.el
performance:. at. c nJ~'lIble (or the
common travd er, it is i.mportant
to l\.'Wgniu Ihc pa,sion Jnd
commitme nt reflec led In Ih err craft
Fnr mnny arti,t.. !hi, m.y be their
fill J
prilWdJY source of inc.om f.
s-~ rrr.,
()[' F.J('f ,().> j\rr ~
ARTISTIC EXPRESSION
V.~,cn
inili.l1 y lrri,w g In Buenos
Airrs . u n;h': i:'W10rn~d eyes mily
experIence cult"re shock OUt to lb.
ctry's extcNtve amoun t of g•• ffill
Th" COIO ' S3I mUM. col orfu l gr'dffiti .
and repe llliveA lenciI, L
1Imouibgr
/l IGrol ma'! l>utl din;:s M. ny ofl he. e
...rt works ~ rc In rt,~ rIJJlil' 1 0 th e
200 1 economic crb" an d oth~ r
polltic.al and soci:ll mJ ust ku.
Th r mural pU:lU red on the left pa ge
COVUI the walls nf the ilLp ublicd
Crom llll "" ni ghtclu b wh"e J 9~
people W <Tc I..illrJ in an ....onul
J.tTJ.:k on Decembi"f 30. 20().4 .
Several of these murals &t" rvC' as a
reminder of th e p;ut in h()~ tlu.r
h,slll ry will not repeal ibeIL
("
~
tT
n
~-~rrT.,
CITY OF THE DEAD
LEFT While Burno, All',.,', , If••ts Of.. (nil ,,( lift , the C:C1/"'~ric d. l. J!cClJ/dd is ~ cit)' for tho tl"c ~,\!c J.
lnJlU t nll,lI r olil lt l.ll1> , 001.""1<' w:u horu," . And oth. r . lite cilizens of Argtnti n. occupy Ihe m Qze or .l.bO'JI. mQusolcwllS, £l'lIn Peron, th.. b.JOVfd fi rl1 1,dy .l url n~ Ihe lal. 19414, also fo..nd her rtrting pl ~ wllh in the wall< of the C''''rltTio d, /" RtlAJitw, VOICES AT THE PLAZA
RIGKT
Plot e~t'
and demlln.Utali(J"; plAy •• il!ll ifiLa nl
rni< in Argt l1! i"< hl5l"' Y. HowO\~ r. mon)' parenli
stlll
th e
of a\l owing !.Mil chUdrcn to
bc In\'OII'l:'\l n polli lc al mcetlng1 'I'h h conce rn
In"e
rOil,
~tems
fn:1I1l1 he- ~~c:rj(ld kr'l('lwn as the Dirty War
wh ~ n :;(/.flflll ltn , wing ~l' i \' li I S i1nd militllnl.
·,Il'arr."" '\"belw.en Ih. )'(3' ! Df 1976 10 19X3 ,
Argtntina', m tlitu)' dl.tatun hlp 'VII' rt' r nnl lblt
(0 . Ihe ·d l.appe~r31\c,,· of Ihtu r eople who
\w" viewed as. political v'
IJ "fll"gi'~ l t hrtlt.
Tht Junu. p. oc.cd~d with torumng. quelt lo non~.
and klllln8 ill hopeI o( . i\<ndng the nppotltiun.
The m nth e .~ of tht n'L~.ln~ chlldlon. kno wn
",/At M~drrs ,I. In PlnM .If Mu)'IJ . continue 10
mnch every Th w.day 3. thry hn \'e for th e pa't
30 ytJ IS, The moln pictu red " .pcdk i n ~ to the
pa..ing cruwd in th e PI"l~ de Mis"",,, inlh.
bat rlo Ot1ce,
l)r
F . n,\l,~
"IT:'
PROFESSIONS Arsc nli n., loud Dne .,1 Ihe mn<I d"v..,t~l los economIc crUes
In 11,1 hln"r), Jluting In 1~~ ond reaching il) apex In . 002,
·111. countr), h.ul ~ lIz.lbl. , mO Unt of J~b t. II IV'" tn CUI rInt: n, ,,
101nl, anJ Ih., ~..IL'" ofrh. r~ro w... d<.:r"",lnK 01 !he '1. rt "i the
Iwenl),·n' (1 u ntul)' Alg. ru l n~ could M t co11l lnuc In . urvl vc ti n
credll, BVl!ntLllllJy Ih. pubUc bq;1U1 to seCll re !tI monty wililull t
Ih. help of th~ Argenlln.t bank); Ihil mril/)I ptopl~ Ih.." "'ere
nwkll\g nt.J(lt ,... lthdmw.1a •.nd IClldlog Ihetr mrtney to u(rou nl~
abroad, Bet",""n July anll November of lOCI I . ArStlHinCl
1V1I hd.m~ approl<lmauir LiSS20 billion (rom I>.nkl. Ihm
rntrU>It<l 1t ~~ wllt1., In .mt mp! 10 T<I.Iln manr)' in ArgentlOJ,
\he government unpoud .. a m n/".>, which e'knt'ally (rou bank
.u-couna (or a J'rJlod of11m", 'Ill. i!U\'., omrnl .1" , r rohlbltcd the
wll hdrJ ..~1 01 tJ>., LIlt Jullg b<C<JtI>C r«>Plt "'<Tc ICtklllS Ih,'
'Wlllil)' of fo relsn curr~D'y which only m.l~ Ihe ptSO w"a~r
ThIJ C<lu.t"d a ,,",,,,r••, , . 1m "",CUI,, of tht rconomy Ihat
fu n.:lloned M ..:uh ,uJ\.&> ra>:i ~ ~nd (oDd mar~u, Th. " n.1
bntlkfng roint wou whto the banks com~d all of rhe monti'
to p.'WI, Thil ~~, beaw< plior 10 Ihe entlh, tke ptl r
~d hdJ ~ 001: 10 ... 1It mJo wJlh 1M US JolJar. oJ/hough ill "try
lia l.llme. III< !",JO Iud dr"PJ""lt<>. third "fttll· p."~ow valli e.
TIU. .uluo(l'Yetluld't Mgmtint'llna ~ of despair,
uocerLlimy, . oJ .mtnul In rheir la.krs. ptoplt rcwrttd Ii,
; Irlkine and dtmoruIn1iOlu in hDpc:o of rhcir vuius being h.,rd
In. "" .nomlr cr,,,h I,M ro U nJl ~~, PorreNos lIn~ mplo ,'ed. F.\' c ~ peoplt wlln recclvcd a hIgh I ~.I of .dlU,," on (.It Ihe .H'r(1$ •• o\'.r hl ll of III< pn pL1lnli ClIl fD\1lId IlJdf btJow \he M.l iO'llI l In,, d.dl n. In lo(.,al dan W1J; dlflicull for proud Argonlint< to h,<nelk The prol'le wJued tnell work., nor 001)' a menn, "f linanual Auppun. bUI n, a way 10 ~II'\' ct1Jrr th.,r Ii "'~ ond rUU Ii" e, ; ,,·ur' 1\'~5 par I 01 their identity. rovclty Ii n~
Manv pcople rc.onl' d 10 laking on mult Iple job. !O try:mJ
'OlT\ b~t th. (TUJh, One t,lxl J rh?f ,hartd hi' lIory .l$ he dcs< ri btd
th. rhret Job. ht W~I ctll'TeJltly baJanclnr" Thli m3n n.e~d all (
the' . OCC uplilion. j U51to maintain n comfortable 11& '1),'" roc him
.nd hlldoS'.
Own 'ng dog.! whllcllvinj( in 0 dty apMlment '.n bco>mc quite
" hurdtn ro••o m. ArgenllM' cine<' they cannot . 'mply 1. ' lhelr
ret> 0 111 inTl'l ~a "krard. Th i,<!nconvcnltnor hiH poovwd jol>_
tor p~ople known "S paltllprrrUJ. pJ'(,fes.ionru dog w~1Jcton.
PQJcQprr",. CU n h• • ecn with up Lo I"'~n t )· JoS' on lca.d\C~
bdng pUlled IhroUgh rOIl:.! oIIId dClwn ci ry $ldewulkl,
rCt"'~' or" willing [ I) pay dnS ",.lkL"Ti A n Sl 20 [I.' AT< s I5(1
p.... mo nl h (or thi s , ..viet,
•. .(-:'. q... "
p~
:;-~ rn.,
or
F-
n.' ).'
j' l T,'
SPECIALIZED BUSINESSES
Pe-ople of the , uburbs nn d rural Un ileJ
Stat.c~ ore ilccu, tomed 10 the Idea of
VI<lung a suptrmarkrr wi lh Iiltle troublt
(roulng "" <fything oft' lhcI! shopp ",!;
liot. In m. ,,)' I. rger eilie, like Btlr",,<
Aires. shop. h~vc a dltferent taynu
wherr the')' , til vOllation, of one . peedic
product. While ;up~r$IO~' like W.\lmar t
do exl't. it 1$ not uncom mon 10 set aD
entire sture that only contai n~ ., hOl'S,
~"\f n , or e'Y~n jl1 sJ homemade pastll .
Th~ re ate even strul.i that h al'~ multiple
bu ,in .sie' de"oted to scUing on< type of
rnor.:h,ndis<, such ;I , only selhng fabric
or m ooocqlllib. Not onl)' do thl!1oc b USl­
nesst.( tipecialil'..e, bUI the tiny SlOTt~ 0 1e
al.o r llCked from the Iloor to ce iling " ith
the ' r ~ci ti [ pt oduct .
1';
'l;;
::~
's":
~
s...rTE or
ii .JfI\(~, ~ r'r~
STREET VENDORS
\tVhUt the Frr;(1d~ -San Td lPl v dr':l\vl'1 a louri$ty
crowd, th t' h '"Till Art(!$Qnai SlJ.lJ II.'Jn ilHlS Bueoos
At rr";( 's m o ~t por ulnf ,H l t' r'f fal L Ovt r tht' wn'·kt'nfi,
httndmls of booth.I full ofh,lndm;}de rrallO, jewelry,
.md othtr origintd work:; line the Pla=n lllll!"d" nte
Alvear ill Riw ierll. Theit arr " ls and merchanll put
on J. tantalizing di5play of avai lilhl~ produc lS La draw
the crowds to Ole;r bOOlhs. Alongside d,e artisa n.<
mark.t li ng lh .l r merchandi.". there are plenl)' of
food nndors semns tbe h,mgIv<h,)pper, .
Thq ,.11 an aS~ OJlm c nt of Ir.aU including
empanod.s . fre, h., quftud orange Juice. and
paJil rie s_t;l milar to San TeirnfJ , theft are nuny
street perflJrmers til action stri\'ing to c-ntrrtaJ n.
\~hile helping pay the bill,
Z~
P~'\i"-~:'T . •~ l::
FAILING ECONOMY
Th.lowrl dBht' werr nut lh. only ,ltt",n,
aif..:red by the tlanomlL Lnu h In ~ IJW I .
£""" whlte·collal "'''Iker. found Ih~m.,.!,..s
i,>inins the h omcle~. in loul SOLlP kitchens.
Whll. Ihe ece>nomk ';Iuo.llo" has lmp,,,,,.d
,Inc. 2(lO l. peup). '11 11 <!rula\lc rn, 'iohilily.
Arsentine ,"U 'Rncy remlllnf u nr.lI~blo BOU
a bl.cl:-marl<1 for th. US doll.... Is common
in Ih< ru~h . In Jun. uf 2012, whe.n th<5<
photo< wr'. 1 ~l:cn. Ihe olliel.,] =h~n~'C ",I<'
was 4. ~7 peso. to Ihe US dull",.•l1l1uu8h,
l"fflplt
wi1ll ng 10 IlIesnlly .,.(h ~n8. 6. 15
f' d'I" p<r US doll.,. .\ mtrt Iwenty munth,
1,lt,. ,n Fobruur)' of~IJ14, tht offi cldl ~ • .;hange
",te "lid rlu ll tr> 7. R~ p e~os per US U(\U3r.
or 11 .55 r r l o, ~I thr "blur I.. I ~" olhel wi,.
known all he bl•.:k·mnr\(cL
"""<
WEIGHING THE OPPORTUNITY
Buc:no< Al r' ~J o IIZl'n<crnlt4,SOO toM ofw;ute on " .!ally b~<I •. Wh,)r many ("'opl...... ,h .... /r.. h ball' ruunn Ih"
moel ann eye~o" 01 filth, olhrn .u II as." oppollUO I)' 10 "'<ICh 10 on mol:mg. 1I"101!' A fier the econom ic cralh
III 1001, mllJlY 5kllleJ laborer. 1"11111<" job, le.vlng Ihem With I."" option' rOI rmploymrnL Sncral or Ihr CIty'S
PPO'Cfl.IUme.l to belOg , corlontro, othtTwiM: known,. a C~,dbOMd colk ctol. Tht.. worle.1I ha".lhe" deSignated
1<" '\01 iu whe.e rh,·,. corM through the lrash In hnpe. of nodint:: ,•• y.lal>k malr ll. l, CarlmlmJ.< ore ab le LO (umplk
coll"ctlnru of can:lb""rd, pap<-f, mew, pL"lk, gl. ... , mong olh.,. male,i.u, lhall~y ,ell 10 recycling wm!', nl ... by
Ih. kilo. The ~,·trag. I" ofil r3nge. flO m l'S~I\II I" VS~3IM' pel monlh .
2:;
cm:m~
"r F n,;:-:'1
ONE IS SIMPLY NOT ENOUGH
Dur i n~ lbr5t h;}n..i el:n n() ml": limt~1
Argcl1lin<> h.V<' ("und II",! working Olle
job simply m;ghl nO I be enollgh. I'urrrilo>
h.tvr b••n ' .'" IIT.. f"l by (",,\tJOg )o b., lueh
as Cdrtont1f't)J, and also b)I rindmg mrullp1.t
rLl(.' of t mpl u),m enL Thr mJ.n plt .uml
above O)n lIIc ngh', shoreJ hll .Iory of
emploFmelll. Ht txpJ. lIled how f(Of lIIe pas.
yt,lrs he h:as u"",'nnJ -lruJ rtntcd (.ml
~n .pdl lment t-lI1Jd ln~ In the cit)'. Thl1 ma n
n nw lI..e; oUISh.le nllh. 8" en"5 Ai,.. wilh
his fa mily, but he hos kePI hil WI), \.shop
below Ihe "I',rtmenll tn run II" sid. Dwtntl>
~('"nter-n
Th. ,mage . how, him ,omplrtlll!! an order
for . g.lelhal \~tl l .:o ..., a
levd' Llt)
bu ilding \\1 ndt,w.
I""""
'21
THE NATIONAL STRII(E Argt' nt ln. ho, . I cm~ tllito ry uflnbor unrest.!. DOli ng back lu illne otGJnl""d Ihe li"l h rgo <tal. mr. 1' IrI\:t In '\llpC. uf reaching j mOT,' " .. l.inable pay "lie. l~. 1') 12, IWO thoUJ~1nd f. lmat
Thl. ipi1.ked the trad.llon of il.tl kr. and dcmorulrnt lO n ~ . which hal conllnued lor ov.r th. pAllt hunu rtJ ),<0 1'. Dur ing Iht CCl Llnlr(, mosl p. lo!',,) ~nd .1 ' "gglln~ Irmel, A'Kentln el have ,omt t~Hetll.r for ~ cnmmnn ,.u.t. Some oLber cnmp l,,~ In.lud. U ~.Ol.nll Trigi" ill 1919 where ove, !rv.n hUlldrcti prolestet. were k, 1I1'd. demonmllLlon. dUllng P. ron·, mle from 1946· 1955. the muurning mOlhers uf Ln Vial:<! dt Mayo marchi ng ~At r tht flI rty W~r. and Ilrl\:t. lolluwing the n:onOnl" cr:t>h in 20lll . uccrOIOlu& I'CIT a dltcCl «lull uf th,· (trike. in 200 I. Thu Lyre of demonJlrJIIOn b'8.tn "'hen m.ddk d aJl \lo,k. " 'l'''"tJn/!(l ll ~ty "JIled hanging pot< ~nd p, n~ t"selh~r In "rdcr 10 4ho"' lhei r .uppon for lh. Jlnke. cv.rr .rmOj' coul.1not b. ,Iown ' 0 Ih~ strul!. "!lit< lqpcy Uvtl on ,,,day ,rul h.lr.' Inl.. n,uy tbe nllln!>.r of V<:opl" ..:th·cly p~ rllc.pallng In the , triks. MOllY ultb",c .scmuOitrolrons or. carried ,," I . mOllthly, bul
oLbe"tnJ In vlol'n ~ anu wrnloil. On f)"etmh.r 1 ~ lh ~n d 20th
"hool . fO trXllmplr . •h,rtypcorlr1"" .htir Ii".. in <l r.. 1n"hl'
;and I lrllee, which Wore a ' <5poll.' . to I be e<:anumk c~lh . An ·
olher nuUI])I. ,Idk. 'vok rlau on lun. 26. zoo'! Tll ll!! know n ~ I
Ih. M~u(l" "" Avell.1ndA .."her~ twu me" were k,lI.d . I1 in<l )'
wcrt wou~d. and oixIy wert arresL<d by police fo,,,,,•.
During Ihl' violent demon"r.tion . tw<nly-onr you-old
D< lI lo Snnllll.n. w.s gloll fied Ol> a marlyr (or
d ~m o nl l r.ilOrs.
hi' hern lc ICl ian ullrymS to 'AVC M.xlrni li'.n" ':"ot dd. "'hu
hDd nl,el.dy t>t"fl\ .1101 by \lolie<. Unforlunalely. SanliU,\n
w.,
lhul •lIlTing hi' >t10.., dfun TO help COlltL Th.
(,~~I m31 1/1,
pnllet ~ pcnrd li r~ ~nd kJII~d Argentines f(" .X]'.utln~ Ihe"
f~om or lJ'e • .;h <tern.Uzed their u.tlJll\Il.nd mAy I'roi"'lA
wcrc;ouJlt;Jf"Uuw.
l Ull une d.,), nftel Ih.ltn )' tjlT ~nn i ." ' ~ ry crlh. M."~ru do'
Avdh.nJa. A,!!cnt lntl soth.re<! In h, Plnz., rJ.· M,l)'o for another
Itrlke. Durm, the MoUaLI( d~ I",,(ja,.,da, Ihe plqut/t's hod w up
rUjd hluekJ "'lIh dcmamb for ~rs"r ''''cmpJQym<nl .ub.id.....
food.• IIJ rnedl'J l , upp litl. III ,on'I1I,t.lhe ~O ' 2 demonstration
c. llwd h ~d Iht Iloal ~ f lowering income tilU'~ . The reopl. pICwred
m tlili chapl.. w"e rul involved In 1M 11111. 17•.,Oll.",k.,.
i'rC1lde nl KJrchner eventually mind Ill. Income 1m; in rt'Ponse
10 lh. ~lr lk". alLbough previoll5 l upponer, ~Iugo M.oya"".
anti o,h.fI still c.Lum eJ lh.tlhe c.nJllgr w3, n'l .ullie",n!
Kirch ner', appl'OVlII t3hngs hnvt conll nued tG dechnt aJ IlSllt.
oi intlatlon. violent Clime. and h'lin plofile cOlTupl, on Ql\l}.
runl mll' to ~ ru w. Th.. NM 'Inkt-. h.hJ un Nov.mb~ , II. 'D J?
dtmo"", ate d a de~ 1 VICW nf renplc. di1..mfichon ;u mOfe
Ih.n 30.0Il/l proT.SlQ'S pthtrtJ .round Ihe pI ClIldt1l". hom ..
TholUonca of Ol ht " Ihrougholltlhr world )olntd m Iht mlk~
from tho,,' resl'tcllvtlQ(Aliaru
Tr " -,'.! I
:;-trrT.-,"
~1,'I<f
F
n
l). - , ' I~r :·
ABANDONED
LEFT
0" the day 01 the Slfike, 9 de
Julio A.'('Ull.&: lppC.MCd to hC' J
dJsorgan,uo p~rkong lot.
mlh<r ! h ~" !h ~ wu:\cst lIvenue
in the wll rld hal'ins nine Ian"
Ofl,.,r.,- lh,s I'~c ol n cy,
,cCllmp~n , oJ hy the dl~1 roa r
uf the crowds on the PI'I:,/ .1.
M,;,rr. ,,,"
In. fi r;t "eN of
tb. ncnrtor ilrik<,
THE MASSES
On July 2;. 20 12 .ppro)xi m.tdy
5,000 of the e. tJmOltd tSv.oou
people expected tu ' tr ike.
l1o nd~d tn. 't'. el~. Whllt mo. t
wnuld (onstde r th is mas, nf
p.opl•• monumcnl.I ,ucees"
Argentines.illdged thc , it u'illOn
with les, th o" utlstlaury
VltWI The ,II ike fell ,nOli l,f
cxpectatlOni primarily dut t
the l~ck of com plete partici pation
by tM LUi "nd bu! dri' ..n,
Tht Subr. tyltem. Argt>ntlM',
subway cr5"m. ",Iso ktpt runn ing,
which ~ I nw.rl workers tn rarry
on their normal dl~ and
d!. m J~< the ,",Ike.
'-t,
'-;1
!>-r.m.; orF-rt,,).; l'pr'"
THE DESIRE FOR REFORM
HII ~u MUy;lno. l,adn
of Arg< nl ina·' Grn ~ ,"l I." bur Confedera tion IIn i"n . urgalll~<d this n.li" na] strih and ""IS on .bge
, uppcorlin/ll he ner J for r~fOl m < on in.(' me l" xeS dUll n!: lhe evenl . The problem II looled in Iht (a(\ th.1 tven Ihough
,"1."'<5 h~ve InCrC-J5tJ In reCtnl YNli. peoplt .lft now being bumped inlO hlt(h<l Llr blockels. Th .. incrtn.<c In " IXe' IeJH;
"'ork,,, unable to ben.fil fro m t h~ "" In 5illol)'. so t hey , ,. d . m ' n d in ~ thel h R~hold fo r IIlComeln p;tyments b. ;ulerrd
Presl J ent CriSllM Fem . nd Ol. J. Iillchner did nOI initially ;upport th. requ~.I. aJl.boujlh s~ did l~ponJ 10 lhe Lru .:k
d!Jrtrs' m ike Just onr week earl i.r. The,. truck dnvel. nnd ,ropped Iherr work. cau.tog fu el shortag.. and a ' peedy
rc:~puMe fro m PreSIde nt Kirchner. Once the tTur kers signed fp r a 25. 5 l'c: r(~nt \,"age increase s~ rtj n K o n July 1, ~O I2.
tht SHi ke was li fted.
:~~
s"m.~
or F rH ),; "'T~
DIVERS ITY IN
. PARTICIPANTS
Whi le .'rll.nlints "Il gatheud
"qlth., ICjmi liu g031 in mind,
It , .. as .1 din~ rst "!.~ ..: m~l t'
of 1'"01'1.. Tilt r rowd ronils,ed
ormcn, women , childrt n.
"tu,l. ut! , tld.rly, alld lilllon
work. fl · Th e tTlIl:Ur, Wri t
lh~ preJonllnate union
r~p re~emcd" btlt thtre w~r~
al<o other worktrs includmg
tra.<h .:oll« lor<, '''''''SF"per
and food d istTiblllors. somt
rur>l work.", unJ p<opl<
in\·oked with AIBenlin,I',
healt h ""d lal ile sectors
INFORMAL
SEPARATION
"""l) ih.: no om' Wil~ diT-l' cting
peoph:: l•..,hr:rc::
(0
:iwnd,
thC're was an un5pnk.en
D~r.em.nl rt8",d ing ",h . ..
<Oftain group. $hnuld
lacue thcmsd l'u, AI the
pel imeter of the strike stood
nl"n>~ \\'o-ml;'n. chtJdrc:n.
el.!erly. and whal apptDrtlJ
l" be roll"!lestuJenlS
ContinUi ng in from the
outside ring. one could exp."
to be sllrrounded by. m.)oriTy
of middle-aged. "",.11'0 men
wh o \\'~ pM t of !hc lJlI lnnS
pltsenl. The madJi$tno
attitude wa~ alia rna,,"
pre valent tOl~rds [ hl' center
of [he (on gr~gall on
. ~-I
:~~
SOCIALIZING. DANCING. AND EATING
Wk ll. Ihuifl mg Ihro ugh 11" crowd<. o n < !.«omes in rlllled with.
surprisinll Stn•• orJOY and .xci"mrn!. N"l lhal angrr or vi"l~nce
immedialtl)' rX~~lrd . but tht ot mo' ph . .. ",pr...ru. m"'. of. rrmv.U t.tl
tban 3 revolll hOnaf) mlwemr:-nL Pt o1'1c were sti ll Vtry scrmui ahuut the CilUh
lor which lh~' gOlh.red. bUl lhc)' als o .:el.brokd ..lIh . Iree( food, ~.rs.
drumming, chanting. da.nc ing. l;wghinG. ;tn.! <oO\'=in&. AI , hown above.
all oi th. = iitmenJ also I.n a Imil ni tt a,1> IIlll e n lix. f••llVal, do.
=
?~;
LIFE OF THE CITY Rcglnninll aro und WorlJ \\'1\1' II. p.1I of Ih< poor popul. lion IJvlng In mml ArUJ mlgDu:d IUBut M. "ite. In search of emplnyment. I!l'enTulllly Ih< cit) '< populallo n Irlplc.d And 'ilon contllinrd On< thlrd of th. p"pUJ,'IJ(\IlIl( Argtntm•. 1\11" )(0' .Ure." the cilYalong with lhe , "burh, tll lhe BLlc ",,~ Alrti PTlWi ll ct, hos mOlnt.t.lned lhlj percentage into Ihc I..",nty, hut century. WUh nil "ft hese prop I. hvlng il l meh " wnetnltat.,l ~ r~~, thtrr i, Immt rue d,ver<ity , vo ryl ng ~liglun6. r~'tJ, and polil l,~ 1 VI < W.\ fi lilh. Lity. MOIl 1 ~ln Am.rican cuunlrlr$ hQve 0 hlllh CUlholk population Argentino (oll"w. thb patll<rn OJ ninety prrctnl (,f I., l'upuLulun d nuify 3> Roman Catholics. Judal.m. Prole.l.misrn. anJ olher rt!J,glou. <ens ilI'< , 1m pre$enl in the cltl', but are not as P~\..u.nt JI Catholici5m. The rtl iglow loleran« wil hln the COUlUry besan with Alherd,', inlluen,., U he ~rltrved thal lmmljllJnll wo uld n.oJ IJJ.th and "",rrlal\<.' Ihoy np. nded inl.. Ihl' new wurlJ. Alt hough, 1M' , 11 a long-sta nding !okt Ihat A'genLln2's rrllj:ion 1.< F'nlJi>ni.m dut 10 Ih< ~ lg nl fi rAn' r O'flrJr alion in psycbo3n.ly,;.. Thtl~ ~Ie
iOllr ·eighl/Jarrio.s (n<ighbOIhoodJl, "'hi.ch an- (urlher
Jnlo fiftrrn (.,)mun,u «om"mn•• ) wit hi n 8n<no. Aire,.
Enc" bumo lus.1J own p<rson;illlv, whic h I; uubhshcd by lhe
demosruph" O1lld clw',c l~r of th< Por rrilns who occupy it
Tht ph OIOgJ~phy \l'lInin Ihh book pri m~ l n), capl U rt~ lCenu
from 1.,. /lac", Pa/crIllO, PUtrlOMadero, R.co/tta lIo/v,m,....
(Indudt. Onr.), .nd S~n Tclmo .
~ru\Jpr.\
."nothc r fJt..e-t of A Jg~n lint'Ji' livd e::mt:1b"es atter sunst:f us lhe'
pruminc nt nil\hl Ur. ~pring;s to hfe, 1I1~ nol unmuallor people
to begin thcir nlght at), o..m. and "'It)' un ,il lh. morn in g 01 clubs
and ntamy b~rl .
Arg< nil nt~
cume jr"", many d,ffere nt ,,-.Ik l of Iii., bUl lht city
i, then com mon denomln.to r. The following ch apttr elnbowes
on a ftw kq -PO'fUj In Argenti nes' "va ~nd how peopk in Ih,.
div.,.... communit), sitU rclat. 10 euh ulMr Ihrough wmonrm
location., mlerellJ, ~n J educational bnckgtounJs_
ITr (of -III" r:rT'1
. ,-~m .i
()f F I"J
\J.~
/II'f :'
BARRIO ONCE
Om", I "h n·~eh ) I. full of.I\ i\.<$ortmcnt III' 1','opl. and
landml ' k.. The d. mng'~phk1 of the Pllpu l~l ion "hnw
, I ~I,nns rtl" He ntJlion of Jew" Prnl\·;an. , Jnd K",.. m
The drve r.hy Cln al ln be ,ern in Ihe lange of pubur
IlIlldmur).:s. One of tho most d.&inlbl. rolli. walun III. ~"y,
M.fClJdo de Abasr", 14 IUClItrJ in Once, alMS with the
FI~",ion 0"", the M~s. nn C<ur. CQrios Cardd, and the
AMIA bllllJ lng "lid m<mori21.
Fnundcd In t K9J. AMIA i. J J<wbh enmmunity
o ''Ilonl %<l~on
Ih"t help. ",tlireCI job '-'Peninlls to Jowi,h,
but ,I", non·Jewis h pt oplt ,h rc uShoUI Arse nl lnn.
The AMI.~ oorn muTi lty (ell Vlcll l11 10 ' Itt", mt ,null
Oil luly I H, I Y9' ",here I ~.r l>omb demolished the
orHon'L,rlun', billid l n~ nn d klllrr1e '~hty· \ l x p.upl e. It ha,
.Inre b"," 't~tored, bUl peop)" ~IIII huld an U IIV<' memory
of tb. e.-'!ll _ina lh. , ....sunU.llv renlaw unsolved.
Th. lop left plLlure Ihow. Ihr memoriol, along wilh the
pole. thM orr put In front of Jewwh center! throUJlh the
ci ty to prevent funhe, .uh\Clu.
L')
L:~
LA BOCA'S PORTS
,t
B.lli: In Ih. IKKU·S. h.II 'Jn .nJ SpJnlsh Immit,anu ...... the moln tnhnbil.tnu oflh. b,,",o LII lI.x;•. MlnYflflhrm found WOl"
01 Lbe m"'lr~.Iung pl.nts ind w.,..,hous", ntar Ihc pon . Albe,tii pllt an ~mrh35" ton Ih. I1tJlllltiun walcrwa", 'n hdp huilJ Ill.
( ountry The tivtr< ..,wd .urtellrs Han' pomng , a" matrllalJ; to Rueno! Ai " , ond out 10 'tol. Ahel yedl l of WQ1<! pnllullon.
Ihe port' o..olot<1l nb,nd"ncd, lt, vi ng ,)nly dl,bnl nlt m.>rie. ~( I h. MCC honming '·~l",n ,.
4­
THE COLORFUL DRAW I,~ 80,,, I> well known for ,I, bnc olly colored bll il dtn~s Thi' Ifad,tion began whrn Ihe .mm'lI,anu wor\:108 at the port> Itndlntt to Ih. Ri" dt In I'/nw ,,'cn l to ' prue, up lht bOd! yards wilh 3 fn:sh COal of p.1inl. M I. , "nrlf h1n~ the rolt. wllh Ihe new paIn: lo b, worunr took the extra , uppJiI!£ home lu r~pa mt theu (lWR (c.,dencII!s. 4')
,, ' • .f - If
r:TTr
TRANSPORTATION WITHIN THE CITY
BucnOl AI' ..·• 'I I ~CU al~ nolnrlolU IIlI Ihe lt ImrJ " ~nT ' eck)... d"" cIl an d
bllmprr I,,·b'J mp r'I Ir~ffir. Wluldr'w .10 hnvr I'tll on.,' vl'i'l irlt·\. lh,· Ar'J:r"' inr' ,1I1"r. d
nta" Iiy on public I mJUpO tl~UM. Th. qUldcal and ml',1 ,.h.bl. I'rl lfln ' n Ihe "ll' '' Iht
Sub ,• . Thu luhw.' <y<I.m ,. 1r1~11\... ly .m.tU for In. llu: uf Ih. city. bm n01.. bee n funcllun lnj/
.In.. 19 1, . Fur Ih." ,· ..'h" PI",« JlIcct II.mpoII. tion. Ihe lui. rWl thro"ShoU I th. night
10 aId Ih.llvely mghlllfr ul nueno. AIIU T'''In, I •• \IJ101he, moJ. 01 public 11l1ll<POll .
hili .IIT uilitud ti.t (unh. , , ,,mill.,,.. tu Int ""Iddno "I the <il)' Wulling Ii alio a ~'.I wuy
tn lou, 111<.:rty. ...orulcknng ,I >1IJ'I'1t., OI'l"'llunili<"> 10 «plOT< ,long l h. \\'a,
~
r,-r.rrr.:. or
F.K"M J.;
NT~
THE COLECTIVO
Ant rtb t r fr',m of trn.n-<ponat inn Ihal peopJ< rely on is the btU;
,YJttm But nos Airrs".s: buseJ. al ~ kno\\!'f\ a-c: to/",tctrvo.'. which
lraditi([DlIliy hAd ctmomlzed inlerior d<coT>t ions with hn nd
pain ted. C"l lcdo r dC$iCns. Modern d3)' coiUli't'o$ are more
"",,·ed. but are ",cugl1 i7ed (or Ih<ir c::tr1oor,-Uke app..anlllce
and d i~tiJlguil.htJ colur rumbinaiw nii h kz t tl\! bw; pictured
above. A $tan Jo rd far. costs around ARSL25 in change.
41
~,~ITT~
\ Jr Fl "'1' ;,:.
" T~- ::::
DOWN AND OllT
A fr~ ,
Ihe e,Ol1om,c c.-..h
m 20m , unemploymenl
rates sky-rockct td to 22 .... 5
pe rcent ill 20Ul . Sill«: the il ,
uncmpl t>ytncnt mtc, have
sleadily uecli ned an u IVe ,,"
dm..,n YO 7.2 per'f:I\t in Au gust
01"2 013. Even wnh rhlS sign
of improY.m ~ut, m ~ ny p....,ple
. 1111 ,lI t ,uff.r in£ and liv~ On
stre.I;, II ii •• ,imated the,
15,000 ptople In Buenu, Ai res
,h.
.!Ie humtlt>s, ,vith -l.5UU of
th ose penple being childre n
PICKPOCKETERS
I'lg~~1 (J~ck thro utlho u' Ih. city lnd wllH. Ihey ran b~ fun In reed ... th.Uttle hlly I, ,1"lng ,''''IV~ , Ihd, ex"teru;< pl"p inl!) 3 cia... " rlckp,'cull ng .Ca m. Thel. ",'tl. a few \In(0I 11I011. membe" of ~III I:'OU!' who h. "plStun exc~.n l · thrown un the m Second, ,.ter u p.n un wvuld run up, napk ins conventently In hand to help ddn up. Th.,e c1ecttl'inC peoplt Ihen tiled 10 ta ke J wallet ' dme .... , 01 ""halt\·., " '~' ltadlly IVl.llable. By b , ' n~ miol mod lIi>ollt tho< po"thlilty, lome f,,"nd. wcr~ ah lc lu ,,'old ht''"~ ro~h"d. hUI otha u wort no t AI luck)'. The.c r lCkpockC1 Ulj; o<c ur rene•• art ..n"ther sJsn ufthc eWll umic de'l',ir. 4.4
L')
s.rrr.-. tlf F j"f ,, ).- ~ lT~
PORTENO APPEARANCE
Pont/los pride thenurlvn lul thei r
vl~u"l.rr<. , .nc~.1h~y
. ' e 1'<"01,,<1
., brmg ' !tractive, gla "'I>rou.< peuple
wna .,e laphl' ll c~led ond cu lt Uf<d.
Thl')' ttl IVe 10 m runllli n lhlAr r~J I I~II)U'
appt<l ltnct th l ou~h their Jlylt and
.umtion to bndy Im<lge. Por = mple.
A'g<ntln.l l> ane oilne (ew rlacu left
I n the world wh l!~ il t. nol ll J\Commc n
to) .ec WOlnell mc.ntleriClj thro ugh
the
ex hIbitIng thelr rur coal>.
PortJlilOS ailn sn to s r~ lengths to
ma,IJlI ' 1O a pristine bod)' image. whlrh
reed.l ll u~no< Alres'! cxctc<1tngly h,gh
per<on t ~g< ..i r<oiJent_ who h. ve had
pl:ultc tU rgtrl'.
""til
_J
I IT ( If - I r r:TT'1
.6.....
tr~.v
':-;- ; . " ,:-~' .i~ ~
••
.l!; f::- "- '~';;'~ '" ~ '~ ""'-', ..b~-."
~, _
""
~ !oC.~
I'.
'
'-,~~I! ,=i.TI':r'
",;~[
' .-,
'
..
~I' ~':,f-
"f!#"
~
.;;'
"
. _.
....
II
~
EDUCATION
Measuring 3bo\'t' nin ~ty-fivt pt'fCt nl. ..~rgm ti n3. ha.. tht' njght-sI rnu: uf lit...,,}, m i.Klln Amt lh:a The ollutil.ndonj( lit<ta.y lilro I, att ri bu ted to the Md v< ye.tr. 01 rrce sC "llOlmg th.11 ar. provided and ''''lUlrcd for chUdr"", T••.:.hing ii divlued inl() prilTlllry $chool. which CUV\"TS rc,,, I through 6 Qr 7, ,llld " colldary ~,hno l , fM gf',d~s 7 ell R Ihro ugh 12. D uri ng , ecoll<illry ,.:hool, ¥
:Q
Int ' Iudenls' cIa.if, breD n" m Dr~ speriall""cl ,,'nh on acade mic or pI ofe~s ian jJ {om . , Upon campl.hng the I'v. II" vears . nd 1'0,..,,£ an enlranc o e< .m , slmlr nh al e .bir III "lien,; I'n' oj AIII,nlmn', lluny·.. ~ h l nal u.lIl al un iVl!'"fSl liC's tu complrtC'.l
dtllrt>t:.
~>
I TT
cor
-lir r:TT"
IDENTITY CRISIS
1'~0I'I.
t)'PKaJly go lhrough ,donUt\,
cri.~. ~l " " nc pol nr In their lrwu,
o lt hou~h A'l\~nr llld h~vt tOm,
.ddilinnni. exlernal cl1l41lyru III initJ>lJ!
th • .., pef1unaJ cru.,~ Muolry IJ one
IlIpl, 1n.1t mar IDcil' ,dmuty aM,
A d..'Ctnt rlJnion ot thi: I'Inuiw<
J'Opu l.tiol) ofllliJl.llleJ (rom Europe.
Ipm6caUy Il..aly. yrll"~'" Alr,rnllnr<
lit clJ,,,ned •• bctnlll.hn Amene.n.
'Il>" con(USlon
01 <loubk
CONCIOUlnt.. b., lri1 A'gtnlm•• ;tl
n Ion whtn dlOOi,njlhe culWrt w,lll
whkh 10 idtll!l,y, '111. tconum " dwlJlC
11,h'lIIf! 0(lh"1 111unully.oI."iUJuIS
""J...",.
11>< rubllL', Unle uf 'tcUl~y .nd .~.Ioty
Arge nll"'" h.VI' comb.ltd Iht1r Ulltrn.al
Jisuri<DLIfioo by fol1all'ing lhe 1nC:hinp
uf ",cud and ulllkl'@D.1ng ~c~r"',
C:unsidt.ring lb.rr. \1£(' lhree Umts mort
ptycbJ41tl$ll ond ps!'d>oIosn'.s'I) 8umo1
Au'" , ..JbM tlw! inlht mtt of New
y"rk. rht> """"".. u. ~ me rn<~
common ..,Iution
~
I orr ( It ., r
.,-r:.m.' or r.n\(b ~ l 'r::
·-:rr (
TRADITIONAL
ARGENTINE
CUISINE
Th er(! arc selec! foods
.nJ drinks Argentina is
known ror If in searo:h
of tb•• cc!almed beef
thJt the country provi u ~.sl
head 10. p"rrilladn. wh .r h
is. Brill where steak.. along
with other cut, of beef. ort
,ol d. Othe r nota bl< dl,he>
include- South Amencan
"'pO/wri, ... lt nli'D ,J"'lui;.
or Brit;,.b al/oJ;or Sluffed
wit h dulce d.1c.-ht.
M~"' •• green I'Jraguu)"n
tea. i) 3 com mon ly serwd
dnnk. WhlLh conl.Un.! just
as much (;ltfrint!' as d cup
oi .orf.~
RESTAURANT TIPS
That al. 3 few Ihlnl~' rh~, ~I'I' !:uu rlIU nm"Jc. whrn HnlUlI " ,: Ullt TO l'ellQlU3nlJ in 1!UtM. AI"$. F.nT. do nu l b~ ' IIIrtl,... I·
by ch,rge Lh41 will.utomat1cally WPP"O' cn YoJur bllilabck d ou. <ub,trto. Tni. 'Oll it ." .OWI brud 01 1m. II JppellYelb J nd tht
rue orLh. eolJng u"n.. 1<. IlnoLhn <xrem.th.u mJny Amen,."" m.y not b••cCUJ1r,med 10 I< the cn,t of wale, ,ill':.lh" wntel
"'rwd I> 311 bOil ltd A tinal tip 10 I.01tmbtl when ,Imlng 0111 In Tnt ""T is 10 alk fOI your chID. w(~tffltl. whe n \'(HI arc , •• ,ly
kll••lVe. Arge ntine< Or< ,-cry Inlkat"'e and will ~.. umt fOU aft ,hert to V'Sll lllUil /II ",,,m.. ,, 'Olue,led.
:;:,
!::II
I TT CIf
-'I"
;:;-r.:rn-.' or
~1T1
F.rM ).' M'r;:
OVERALL QUALITY OF LIFE
Buenos Aire'S IJves up to Us 1) lfKn,lnll' the ")\lfl$, OfSOUlb Amc ric.1"
through the: European cafi· c u)tllTe, tht.aters ,and Clli si n e that
incluJe5 a SouLh Ame rican spin. De"Spite some pol itical a nJ
monetlTY instability in tht:: cou nlry. Argentines still h lVt' aCC~s.5
some- ofth!! Jnost luxufllJ u.s COInIDoditics ilt dc:sl r3ble prices
in (.ompansoll to Europe3 n countries. Argent ine, 3iso hdvt' acce!'1i
ro frc(' ('ducation. they lItiJ ize frccJom oi:spt·cch and religion,
and they have many other oppor1uniti ~sJ -wh ich (an ~a sll)' be
taken for granted. With .lil 01 the,e pussibilities, Argenti,,« have
lhe opportunity for a good q uality of life in the ci ty of Buenos Air ...
to
~
':h
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alberdl Juan Bauhsta. ·lmmigntion ;as a Means of Progreu." Tht Argentina Rtadtr: HtStory. C:ulture. and Society. By l.1hritla NOUleille.s and r.racieb R. Montaldo . Ourham:
AP. "Argentina BN." Voni RSS. N.p., 9 Nov. 2012. Web. 23 MaJ. 2014. <http://vOXXI,COm/2012/II/o9/argentina-protest-a.ntl-governmenl-march!>
J)alke
UP, 2002. 95-101. Print
"Argentma Unemployment Rate," Flndthedata.org. Find the Dati, Web. 28 Feb. 2013. <http.l/world-toonorruc-outlook..nndthedata,org/1l191/Argentina>
"Argentma's 7n.deSurplus down 40% in July: Unemploymeo.t Fell to 7.2%," MercoPrns : South AtJantlc News Agency. N.p., 22 Aug. 2013 Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
<htlp:llen.mercopren.com/2013/08122/argentLN-s-tradc-surplw:-down-40-in-jwy-unemployrnt'nt-fcU-to-7.2>.
Baa, Sandra. and Anja Mutte. Buenos Aires : City Guide. 5th ed. FooLscny, Vic.: Lonely Planet, 2008. Print
Calatl<llVa, Almudenol- "Unions Stage Om -day Gene~l Strike In Argentina:' Auociattd Preu 271une 2012. Print.
"CGT, CTA Warn of Ne",. P ro te~t5 In MArch." BuenosalTrsheraldcom. Ed. Orlando M. Vlgnani. Buenos Aires Herald, 30 Jan. 201). Web. 28 Feb. 201 3
<hnpl' ",-ww.bu.c:nosolirtsheraW.com/article/123000Icgt·cta· warn ·of·new-prore,u-in-march> .
a:W Penny Koutrollkou. "A.tternalrVC"l:' To the Stre~Ls! Vo.ict:s from Argentina's Popula.r Uprising S.l (2004) : 115-25. Print
"1he ArgentmeCnSll, l'aTt 11.- front IJi)ge. Suildarlry, May· Julle 2003 . Web. 02 July 2012
Chat1~rton, Pilul,
CocJ,~croft,l ames.
('.olher, Simon, and Ken
Haa.~ .
"The Rifth orTangn." Tangn!: The. nance, the Song, the ,C;lnry. New YOlk, NY: Thamef; and HudJ;on, 1995. 19f.-2rJ2. Print.
Ditgun, John., Or. ilBuenos Aires, City oflmmlgril:1.!.S .'· Buenos Aires. June-July 20 12 . Lttlure
-Education in Argentina." Expiltriate Community for Errats Worldwlde . lnterNations, Web. 26 Feb. 2013
<hnp;II"'-"'-"" .inteTn3tions.org/argentina-expaLs/gu.ide/Jivms-in-ar8entina·15328/education-in-v8entina-3>
"First UrganizrJ llbour NatIOnal SlIik.t" ChaJJengo Presll..h:nt Cristina frrnanJt2 ." Mt!: reop rt",'$.cum. Me.rcuPress, 271une 20 12. Web. 28 feb. 2013 .
<http ;JJcn.mercoprtis . com/2C1I1106/27/fil~l-organJud·labout·l1atio n i\l - 'trllce·chal i engl:.'s · prtiidcnt·cml ln ~-fernandez >
"Five. Jailed over FaLa.l 8uenos Alles Nightclub Fue." The C;uardilln . C,uardlan News and Media, 20 Aug. 2009. Weh. 25 Feh. 2013
<http://www.guardlan.co .uklworldJ2009/aug/20/argentina·nightcJub-fire-court>
"Food &- Drink Sector in Argentin.)." http ://'' 'W"¥Io'.ukti.gov.u.kJ. L'K Tn dr: &- Investment, 29 Aug. 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013. <hnp:JlWWVo'.ukti.gov.u.kJexport/countriuJsectorbr ietlngf)64J80.htm!>
FOiler, David Willi,un., Melina Filch. Lockhart, and Darrell B. Lockhart. Culrure and Custom, of Argentina. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. Print
Gun" Uk;. "l-'ulict Held fu r KiUtng; i'roh:stcra." 'fhe Guarcilan . GU.:lrdian Ne~ and Media, 21J June 2Ul12 Web. 23 Mar. 2014 . ..::hnp:l/W\OlW.th cguardlan .cum/worldl2002I.lucJ29/argentina.l..I...k.tgoni>
"H omelr:~~ St.i\li~tlcs .~
.fnmele...:( wnrldcup.org, Homelw World Cup, Nov. 20l2. Web. 21i Feb. 2013.
<http;II",'"WW.hnrnele.~~",'orldcup.or8/cnntcnt/bomele.t.~ne~ .~ ·.~iqiu>
Mlisserom, Susa:-lil, lind Susana SJUd~e. "Psychic and Somitic Vulmrahtlity Among Professional Women i[l Argentina as a Re~ult of the PreC;trildtl0n ofLilhor Linked during the Socioeconomic CriSIS."
Through the Eyes or" Women : Gender, Sod~l Networks, Family and Structural Change m Latin America and the Caribbean. By Cecilia MenJIvar. WiIJDwdale, Om.: De Sitter Publications, 2003 .
61·83. PrinL
Nouult!cs, Ga bTl t.I~, anJ GracieJa R. Monta.lJo . The Argenlln3 Rt:a...ler: HIStory, Cullwe, anJ Soa cty. DurhJro: Duke UP, 2002. Print
Rasuwtkl, Ehi>ln3. "Ar,!;enlmal~ r:!~t NAtlunal Strike PT ~urta; Fernande-l un Tax .- Bwtn u swttk.eom. Bloomberl:: BusineSli""ttk, 27 June 20l2. Web. 22 Feb . 2013
<http: //wv."..Io·.bUline..I;.(wee.k.cnm/new$..12012-0f..·27/argentina-.-tlr/it·n allnna.l-.trikc-pre.(.(urc~-(ernande1-nn . taxep
Schwandl.. Roben. -BU enos Aires Suble (Metro):' L'rbanRaiI.Net. Urban Rail. 2007. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. <http://www.urbanrai1.net/amlbuenlbuenos-aires.htm>
Turnbull, Rob ert. MAn OperatiC Drama Performed Mostly Offstage.- The New York TI1nt's . The Nl"W Yorlc Times . 161une 2010. We.b. 23 Mar. 2014.
<hnp:lI\tl'Vt,-w.nytimes.c.oml20 10/061171arts/17iht-turnbull .html !p)g... wanted=all&_r= I Bo.
"The. 81~ Uolla.r." EconomIst Il.onJonJ2 June 2012: Punt
·US dolhr clImbs to 1.R9 ptiOS, 'blue' r~k" BuenOS<llrtjjherald com Ed. Orli\ndo M. Vll;nalti. Buenos Aires Herald, 26 Peb. 2014 . Web. 26 r eb. 20 14
<htlp:II"'''''"''Io,.bueoQsairtsbtrald.comiarlicle/153090/us-dollar-c lim bs-ro--789-pesos-bloe·faJJs >
-World Sociuist Web Sttr:.: ThtS Week in HtStory : June 2S')uly I. N.p.. 2S lune 2012 . Web. 021uly 20 12. <http://WWW.wsW5.org/articJes/2012/junlOI2/ rwih-j25 .shtm.1>.
VaJ...nte, Mucda. "Arge.ntma: Two Killed m Gash 8etween Unemployed Pickets and Police." Common Dreams Headli.nes June 2002. Intel Press Service, 27 June 2002 . Web. 25 February 20ll
cJ
Currently a senior at BaU State University. McMasters is
pursuing a BFA in Visual Communication and a minor
in Graphic Arts Technologies. She will graduate in May
Of2014. After graduation. McMasters is planning to
continue her design and photo work abroad through
a t rip to Iceland. Along with two friends. they plan to
research and document sustainable fabric practices
of the country. such as the wool and fish leather
industries. Their collaboration will be showcased in
their exhibition. REsensitize. which will be on display
on Ball State University's campus in January 2015.
Upon the completion of this project McMasters hopes
to establish a career in the design world. which will
coincide with her freelancing work. photography.
and travel.