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NMBGMR Open-file Geologic Map 160 Last Modified June 2011 NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY Qpp5 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp4 QTpp2 Qpp3 daf f Qpp3 QTpp2 daf Qppc2 F QTpp2 Tpp1 daf Qpp3 QTpp2 Qppc2 f8758 Qppc2 daf Qpp3 A Qd daf Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qa Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qppc2 daf daf Qd QTpp2 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp4 QTpp2 Qpp3 daf Qppc2 Qpp3 daf daf daf daf daf daf daf daf Qd daf daf daf Qppc2 daf Qpp3 daf QTpp2 QTpp2 daf 3614000 QTpp2 daf QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 daf Qpsc2 Qps3 daf Qds daf daf Qps3 daf daf Qps4 QTps2 daf Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qa daf QTps2 daf daf Qa Qa daf daf Qpsc2 QTps2 Qps3 QTps2 Qps5 Qps4 daf daf Qa daf Qps3 Qps5 daf daf Qps3 Qps4 547000 daf daf Qps5 Qps3 QTps2 QTps2 daf QTps2 Qps4 daf Qps4 daf Qpsc2 Qd daf Qpsc2 Tps1 Qpsc2 Qd Qps3 QTps2 Qd Psg Psd 551000 Psd QTps2 Psd 552000 104°27'30"W Qds Qps4 Qpsc2 Qps3 Qps5 Qps3 daf Qps3 Qd daf Qd daf Qd Qps4 Qpsc2 Qds Qps3 Psg Psd Psd 553000 QTps2 Qps4 Qd Qps4 Qbs daf Qps3 104°25'0"W 555000 Qps4 Qps4 Qps4 Qps4 QTps2 556000 Qpp3 Qps3 Qbs Qps3 Qa daf HOPE SE 0.5 1000 SPRING LAKE ARTESIA 0 1000 1 PARISH RANCH DAYTON Dayton LAKE MCMILLAN NORTH 0 Qps5 Qps4 QTps2 557000 2000 0.5 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 7000 FEET A A' NEW MEXICO SEVEN RIVERS LAKE MCMILLAN SOUTH QUADRANGLE LOCATION Old Quaternary piedmont alluvium (Upper to middle Pleistocene) — Most extensive deposit. Thickness 2 to 4 m. 32°37'30"N 558000 QTpp2 Magnetic Declination May, 2009 8º 15' East At Map Center 7 Mapping of this quadrangle was funded by a matching-funds grant from the STATEMAP program of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Act, administered by the U. S. Geological Survey, and by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, (Dr. Peter A. Scholle, Director and State Geologist, Dr. J. Michael Timmons, Geologic Mapping Program Manager). New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Open-file Geologic Map 160 [505] 835-5490 http://geoinfo.nmt.edu upper middle lower Hawley, J. W., 1993, The Ogallala and Gatuña formations in the southeastern New Mexico Region, a progress report: New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 44th Field Conference, p. 261- 269. Kelley, V. C., 1971, Geology of the Pecos country, southeastern New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir 24, 78 p. Queen and Grayburg formations, undifferentiated (Guadelupian) — Cross section only. Psa San Andres formation — Cross section only. Pg Glorieta sandstone tongue — Cross section only. Lyford, F. P., 1973, Valley fill in the Roswell-Artesia area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 73-163, 26 p. McCraw, D. J., 2008, Preliminary geology of the South Spring Quadrangle, Chaves County, New Mexico: N.M. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file OF-GM 171, 1:24,000. McCraw, D. J. and Land, L. A., 2008, Preliminary geology of the Lake McMillan North Quadrangle, Eddy County, New Mexico: N.M. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file OF-GM 167, 1:24,000. Yeso formation, undifferentiated — Cross section only. McCraw, D. J., Rawling, G., and Land, L. A., 2007, Preliminary geology of the Bitter Lake Quadrangle, Chaves County, New Mexico: N.M. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file OF-GM 151, 1:24,000. Abo formation, undifferentiated — Cross section only. Pa Oldest piedmont alluvium (Late Pliocene to late Miocene(?)) — Thickness 2 to 6 m. Meinzer, O. E., Reinich, B. C., and Bryan, K., 1926, Geology of No. 3 reservoir at the site of the Carlsbad irrigation project, New Mexico, with respect to water tightness: U.S. Geological Survey Water-supply Paper 580, p. 12-13. Motts, W. S. and Cushman, R. L., 1964, An appraisal of the possibilities of artificial recharge to ground-water supplies in part of the Roswell Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-supply Paper 1785, 86 p. Location of geologic cross section. GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A Inclined bedding showing degrees of dip. Soil pit. W 4,000 ft ASL Qa Oil & gas exploration well used in cross section construction. Qa Geologic map of the Dayton quadrangle, Eddy County, New Mexico. May 2011 by David J. McCraw and Shannon Williams New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 Bend In Section A’ E U.S. Highway 285 4,000 ft ASL Qa Qa Pqg Pqg Psr Pqg COMMENTS TO MAP USERS A geologic map displays information on the distribution, nature, orientation, and age relationships of rock and deposits and the occurrence of structural features. Geologic and fault contacts are irregular surfaces that form boundaries between different types or ages of units. Data depicted on this geologic quadrangle map may be based on any of the following: reconnaissance field geologic mapping, compilation of published and unpublished work, and photogeologic interpretation. Locations of contacts are not surveyed, but are plotted by interpretation of the position of a given contact onto a topographic base map; therefore, the accuracy of contact locations depends on the scale of mapping and the interpretation of the geologist(s). Any enlargement of this map could cause misunderstanding in the detail of mapping and may result in erroneous interpretations. Site-specific conditions should be verified by detailed surface mapping or subsurface exploration. Topographic and cultural changes associated with recent development may not be shown. Cross sections are constructed based upon the interpretations of the author made from geologic mapping, and available geophysical, and subsurface (drillhole) data. Cross-sections should be used as an aid to understanding the general geologic framework of the map area, and not be the sole source of information for use in locating or designing wells, buildings, roads, or other man-made structures. The map has not been reviewed according to New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources standards. The contents of the report and map should not be considered final and complete until reviewed and published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the State of New Mexico, or the U.S. Government. 3,000’ Pqg Psa Psa Psa 2,000’ 2,000’ Psa Pg Pg Pg 1,000’ Pg Pye Pye 0’ SL Pye Pye Pa -1,000’ Pa Psg Psa Fiedler, A. G., and Nye, S. S., 1933, Geology and ground-water resources of the Roswell artesian basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-supply Paper 639, 372 p. Seven Rivers formation, undifferentiated — Cross section only. Pqg Psd Pqg Delher, C., Pederson, J., and Wagner, S., 2005, Preliminary geologic map of the Lake McMillan South 7.5 Minute Quadrangle: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-File Geologic Map Series, OF-GM 97, 1:24,000. 104°22'30"W Arrows showing mean direction of paleoflow, based upon pebble imbrication, n ≥ 20 each arrow. 8717 Psr Quaternary sinkhole deposits, primarily caused by collapse (Historic to middle Pleistocene) — Complexes of unconsolidated, well- to poorly-sorted, coarse- to fine-grained sands to clay, alluvial, colluvial, eolian, and occasional lacustrine deposits within closed depressions. Colors variable. Thickness <1 to 3 m. Permian Artesia Group Psr Ptd Ptm Py REFERENCES PALEOZOIC Pye Older piedmont alluvium (Middle Pleistocene to late Pliocene) — Thickness 2 to 6 m. 3,000’ New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources New Mexico Tech 801 Leroy Place Socorro, New Mexico 87801-4796 Qds Artesia - Vacuum Arch. Subsurface anticlinal arch warping Permian and older strata. CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET Pt View looking south-southwest of Permian Seven Rivers formation, mixed gypsiferous facies (Psg) gypsum and redbeds in the foreground, Quaternary sinkhole deposits (Qds) in the middle distance, and Permian Seven Rivers dolomite (Psd) at the top of the bluff above Psg beyond the sinkhole. Photo by D. McCraw. Geologic contact. Solid where exposed or known, dashed where approximately known, dotted where concealed or inferred. 1 KILOMETER Ps Quaternary depression fill, undifferentiated (Holocene to middle Pleistocene) — Unconsolidated, well-sorted, fine-grained (fine sands to clay) complexes of alluvial, colluvial, eolian, and occasional lacustrine deposits within closed depressions. Colors variable. Depressions are created by either gradual subsidence or sudden collapse followed by gradual subsidence of underlying gypsiferous carbonate terrane. These complexes are often significantly modified by stream erosion and deposition, playa deposition, deflation, and mass wasting. Depression fills have been active since the middle Pleistocene and are usually 1-3 m thick but can reach thicknesses in excess of 30 m. EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS 1 MILE NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 FOSTER RANCH Qd 1:24,000 1 ? Quaternary depression fill and sinkhole deposits Younger Quaternary piedmont alluvium (Upper Pleistocene) — Thickness 2 to 4 m. 3610000 Tpp1 Base map from U.S. Geological Survey 1955, from photographs taken 1947, Topography by planetable surveys 1955. Polyconic projection, 1927 North American datum, reprojected to UTM projection -- zone 13N 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid, zone 13, shown in red ? Pa Youngest Quaternary piedmont alluvium (Holocene to upper Pleistocene) — Thickness 1 to 3 m. Qpsc2 Qps4 Qpsc2 Qpsc2 Qpp5 Qpp4 Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qd 554000 3611000 Qbs Qps4 Tps1 Pye Lower Permian Formations Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 QTps2 Qps5 Qpsc2 Qps5 Qa Qps4 daf Qps4 Qds Qds Qps5 Qps4 Qps3 QTps2 Youngest Quaternary piedmont channels filled with eolian sands, occasionally forming dunes (Holocene to upper Pleistocene) — Thickness ≤ 1 m. Qps4 Qps3 Qpsc2 Qds Qpsc2 Qpsc2 QTps2 Qd Qps4 Qps4 QTps2 Qd Qd QTps2 Qa Qps4 Lithologically, the Rio Peñasco piedmont deposits are distinctly different from those of Eagle Creek to the north and Seven Rivers to the south. While gravels are dominated by limestone clasts, dolomite, chert, yellow-brown sandstone, conglomerate, and quartzite are common. The matrix consists of dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4) to light brown (7.5YR6/3), unconsolidated, moderately sorted, coarse- to fine-grained sand, silty sand, silt, and sandy clay. Stage V-VI pedogenic carbonate can be found in the oldest deposits, while middle to upper Pleistocene deposits range from stage IV to III. Degree of pedogenic carbonate development can be the main distinguishing characteristic between the youngest deposits. 3612000 Qps5 Qds Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qd Qps3 Qps3 Qd Qps3 Psd Qps5 Qds Qps4 Qps3 Qd Qds Psd Tps1 Qd Qpsc2 daf QTps2 Qpsc2 550000 Tps1 Qpsc2 Qd daf Qd Qps4 Qps5 Tsp1 Qd Qd Qd Qpsc2 Qps3 QTps2 Qd Qd QTps2 QTps2 QTps2 549000 Qps3 Qps5 Qps3 Qps4 Qps3 Qd Qpsc2 Qds Qps4 daf Qps4 Qps5 Qps3 QTps2 QTps2 QTps2 Qps4 Qpsc2 QTps2 QTps2 Qps3 Qpsc1 QTps2 daf Qd Qd Qpsc2 Qps3 QTps2 Qps3 Qpsc1 Rio Peñasco alluvial piedmont deposits (Upper Pleistocene to Late Miocene(?)) — The headwaters of the Rio Peñasco are located high in the Sacramento Mountains in predominantly carbonate rocks of the San Andres formation (Psa) and clastic sediments of the Yeso formation (Pye). Where it leaves the Permian highlands, it has built a large piedmont alluvial complex, which coalesces with Eagle Creek to the north and the Seven Rivers to the south. These piedmont deposits grade to and onto the Pecos Valley alluvial terraces on the easternmost edge of the Dayton quad. Oldest, highest remnant surfaces (Tpp1 and QTpp2) are Pliocene or older, and likely graded to a river system which forms Gatuña formation deposits today. Middle to upper Pleistocene piedmont deposits (Qpp3-4) are inset into these and grade to Qot. The youngest, Qpp5, grades to Qlt3. Several channels (e.g., Tumbleweed Draw) on this piedmont surface were likely former Rio Peñasco channels. 3613000 QTps2 Qps5 Qa Qps4 Qps4 Qps5 Qpsc1 Qpsc2 daf Qa daf Qps3 Qps3 Qps5 Qps3 Qps4 Qps4 Qps5 Qpsc2 daf Qps4 Qps5 Qps5 Qps4 Qps4 Qps5 Qps4 Qps4 Qpsc1 Qps5 Qps2 Qps3 daf daf 548000 104°30'0"W daf daf Qd daf Qps4 Qps4 QTps2 Qps3 Qpsc2 Qps4 Qd Qps5 Qsce Qds Qps3 Qps3 Qpsc2 Older Quaternary piedmont channels (Upper Pleistocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Rio Peñasco alluvial piedmont complex Qps4 Qps3 Qds 3614000 daf Qds Qds Qps5 Qps3 Qps5 daf daf daf Qps4 daf QTps2 daf Qa daf Qps5 daf Qps4 Qps3 Qps4 Qps4 Qps5 Qps3 daf Qps3 QTps2 QTps2 Qps4 Qps5 Qsp3 Qsp4 QTps2 Qpsc2 QTps2 Qps3 daf daf Qpsc2 daf Qsp3 Qps5 Qps5 Qps5 daf Qps4 Qps3 Qpsc2 daf Qd daf daf QTps2 QTps2 QTps2 daf Qps4 daf Qps4 Qpsc2 Qps4 Qpsc2 QTps2 Qps3 daf Qps4 Qpsc2 Qpsc1 Qd daf Qppc2 Qps3 Qot Qps4 Qps3 Qps4 Young Quaternary piedmont channels (Holocene to upper Pleistocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Youngest Lakewood terrace alluvial deposits (upper Pleistocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Orchard Park terrace alluvial deposits (upper Pliocene (?) to upper Pleistocene) — According to Fiedler and Nye (1933), the Orchard Park terrace rises 1-3 m above the Lakewood terrace and 10.5-19 m above the Pecos floodplain. It is comprised of gravels and pebbles of dolomite, limestone, sandstone, chert, and quartzite in a very pale brown (10YR7/4) to reddish brown (5YR4/4), unconsolidated, moderately sorted, coarse- to fine- grained sand, silty sand, silt, and sandy clay. Pedogenic carbonate is a strong stage III. Thickness ranges from 5 to 45 m. Qd Qd Tpp1 Oldest piedmont alluvium (Late Pliocene to late Miocene(?)) — Thickness 2 to 6 m. 32°40'0"N Qps5 Qd Qds daf Qps3 daf daf Qa Qps4 Qd Qds Qps4 QTps2 Qd Qps4 Qps3 QTps2 Psd daf Qps4 Qps3 Qppc2 Qpsc2 Qps5 Qsp3 Qps3 Qps5 daf ? Qps5 Qps5 daf Qlt3 daf Qps4 Qps3 ? 290 Qpsc2 Qd Qps3 Qppc2 Tps1 Psd Qps3 Qps4 Psd Qps4 Tsp1 Qa Qps3 3610000 daf Qa 3612000 3611000 daf Psg Psg daf Psd daf QTps2 o7 Qds Psd Qds Qds Qpsc2 Psd Qps4 daf Qds Qds QTps2 Qpsc2 Qps3 Qpsc2 QTps2 Qds Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qppc2 Qps4 Psg Qpsc2 Qsp4 daf Qps4 3615000 Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Qps4 daf daf Qps3 Qpp5 Qpp5 Qds North Seven Rivers piedmont channel deposits (Historic to upper Pleistocene) — Numerous, thin alluvial channels, swales, and occasional coalescing depression fill deposits drain the piedmont alluvial complex. They usually consist of light brown (7.5YR6/4) to light reddish-brown (5YR6/4), unconsolidated, poorly sorted, finegrained sand, silt, and clay sediments. They were often mapped primarily by soil moisture increases in lower areas relative to adjacent piedmont deposits noted on photography. Eolian input often mantles the “v-shaped” contours associated with stream channels and in some areas sand sheets and dunes can fill these channels (Qsce). On the North Seven Rivers, older channels (Qpsc1) are mapped on Qps4 surfaces, similar and stratigraphically equivalent to those on Rio Peñasco (Qpp4) deposits. Lakewood terrace alluvial deposits (upper to middle Pleistocene) — Following McCraw, et al. (2007) and McCraw and Land (2008), three distinct, low-lying (upper to uppermost middle(?) Pleistocene) “Lakewood terraces” are recognized. Only the lowest and youngest deposit, Qlt3, <1- 2 m above the floodplain, is found on the Dayton quad, extending up the Rio Peñasco. These deposits are comprised of occasional gravels and pebbles, brown (10YR5/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4), unconsolidated, moderately sorted, coarse- to fine- grained sand, silty sand, silt and sandy clay. Stage I pedogenic carbonate, mostly non-gypsiferous. Qppc2 Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Htd1 Qpp4 Qps3 Psd Tps1 Qa daf daf daf Htc1 Htc1 Qpsc2 Tps1 daf Qps4 Qps3 QTps2 î Qps3 Qps3 QTps2 daf Qps3 Qpsc2 daf Qps3 Qps4 Qpp4 Qpp5 Qpp4 Qps4 Qps5 Qps3 Qpp5 269 Older piedmont alluvium (Middle Pleistocene to late Pliocene) — Thickness 2 to 6 m. Tps1 Alluvial terraces of the Pecos River and its tributaries were first described in the classic study of Fiedler and Nye (1933). They recognized 3 terraces: (from lowest to highest) the Lakewood, the Orchard Park, and the Blackdom. On the Dayton quad, much of the higher Rio Peñasco and North Seven Rivers piedmont alluvial complexes are erroneously mapped by Fiedler and Nye (1933) as Blackdom terrace. These materials, however, are all derived from these western tributaries, not the Pecos River. 3616000 Qpp4 Qa Qds Qpp3 Qppc2 Qps3 Oldest Fourmile Draw distributary channel deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Qpp4 Qps3 Qpp3 Htc2 Htd2 Qpp3 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qds Qpp5 Qpp4 Htc2 Qpsc2 Qpp3 Qpp3 Htd2 Qppc2 Qps3 daf daf Htd2 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTps2 Qps4 Qpp4 Htc2 Htd2 Htd1 Qpp5 Htc1 Qpp3 daf Qpp3 daf Htd2 Htd3 Htd1 daf daf daf Htd2 Htc1 Qps3 Qps3 Qps3 Htd1 QTps2 Qps5 Qpp5 Qps3 Tps1 Tps1 QTps2 daf Qps4 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qppc2 Htc2 Qpp3 Htd3 Htc3 Qps5 Qpsc2 daf Qps5 QTps2 Qpsc2 Qps4 daf daf Qpsc2 daf î 3613000 QTps2 Qpp5 daf Qpp4 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qps4 Qps5 î Qps4 Qa Qps4 Qpp4 Qps3 Qpp4 Qa daf Qps4 Qps5 daf Qpp5 Qpp4 Qps5 Qpp4 QTpp2 Qppc2 Qpp5 Qa Qpp5 daf Qppc2 Qa Qpp5 Qpp4 Qpp4 Qppc1 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Oldest Fourmile Draw distributary deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Pecos Valley alluvial terrace complex Qds Qds Qppc2 Qppc2 Htc3 Qpp3 Qpp5 QTpp2 Qpp4 daf daf Qpp3 Htc3 Qpp5 Qpp4 Htd2 Htc2 Htd2 Htd3 Qpp5 Htd3 Qpp3 Qppc2 Qpp4 Htc4 Htd3 daf Qpp4 daf Qpp3 Qpp4 daf Qa Qpp5 Qpp3 daf Htd2 Qppc2 Qds Qpp5 Qpp5 Htd4 Htd1 Qpp4 Qpp4 258 Older Fourmile Draw distributary channel deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Qpp3 Qa Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 daf QTpp2 Qpp3 Qppc2 Qppc1 Qa daf Htc4 daf Qpp4 Qpp3 daf QTpp2 Qd daf daf daf QTpp2 Qppc2 QTpp2 Qpp4 QTpp2 Qppc2 Qpp3 Qppc2 daf Qpp4 Qppc2 Qppc2 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp4 QTpp2 23.0 250 Old Quaternary piedmont alluvium (Upper to middle Pleistocene) — Most extensive deposit. Thickness 2 to 4 m. Qps3 Qds daf Qpp5 daf Qpp4 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qppc2 Qpp3 Qpp4 daf Qds Qpp3 Qpp4 Older Fourmile Draw distributary deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. daf Qds daf Qds Htd2 Younger Quaternary piedmont alluvium (Upper Pleistocene) — Thickness 2 to 4 m. Qps4 3617000 daf daf Younger Fourmile Draw distributary channel deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. QTps2 daf Qppc2 Qppc2 Qpp4 Qpp3 daf QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 daf Qpp3 daf daf QTpp2 daf Qpp4 Qpp4 daf QTpp2 Qppc2 QTpp2 daf Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qppc2 daf Qpp3 Htc3 Qppc2 Qd Qpp3 QTpp2 Qds Younger Fourmile Draw distributary deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. Htc2 Qds Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 daf Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp4 daf Qpp4 5.3 Youngest Quaternary piedmont alluvium (Holocene to upper Pleistocene) — Thickness 1 to 3 m. Qpp5 daf Qd Qpp4 QTpp2 QTpp2 daf QTpp2 daf Qppc2 Qppc2 32°40'0"N Qpp3 daf QTpp2 daf Qa Qpp4 daf Qpp3 Qppc2 Qppc2 daf Qppc2 Htd3 3618000 Qppc2 Qpp3 QTpp2 daf Qpp3 Qds Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 daf daf QTpp2 Qpp3 Qppc2 Qpp5 daf Qpp4 Qpp4 Qpp4 Qpp3 daf daf Qppc2 Qpp3 daf Qppc2 Qpp4 Qpp5 daf QTpp2 3616000 3615000 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp5 daf Qppc2 Qpp4 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp4 QTpp2 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qa daf daf Qppc2 QTpp2 Qpp4 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qppc2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qppc2 Qpp4 1.8 Ma Youngest Fourmile Draw distributary channel deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 1+ m. Qpp5 Qppc2 Qpp4 Youngest Fourmile Draw distributary deposits (Holocene) — Thickness <1 to 1+ m. Qps5 daf Qpp3 Qpp3 32°42'30"N Qpp3 daf Qpp4 Htc4 3619000 Qpp4 Qpp4 Qpp4 Qppc2 daf 9948 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 daf Qpp5 QTpp2 daf Qpp3 daf Htd4 f daf Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qppc2 Qpp3 QTpp2 QTpp2 QTpp2 daf daf Qpp4 Qpp5 daf Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 f daf Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp4 daf Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp3 daf daf Qe daf Qd Qpp4 Qpp3 Qppc2 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp3 daf daf Qppc2 Qd Qa QTpp2 Qpp3 f9884 Qpp3 daf Qpp3 daf Qppc2 Qpp4 Qppc2 " daf Qppc2 daf QTpp2 Qpp5 QTpp2 Qpp3 10542 Qpp4 Qpp5 Qppc2 daf daf f Qpp3 Tpp1 3617000 Qpp4 Qa Qpp5 Qpp4 Qpp4 QTpp2 Qpp4 Qpp3 9675 daf Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qppc2 Qpp5 daf Qpp4 daf daf Qd Qppc2 Qppc2 Qd Qppc2 daf QTpp2 Qpp4 Qpp3 f8582 f10400 Qppc2 Qpp4 Qpp3 3620000 Qpp5 daf Qd Qpp4 QTpp2 daf Qpp5 Qpp3 Qpp3 3618000 Qpp3 daf daf Qppc2 daf f 9726 daf Qpp3 Qa Tpp1 daf Qpp4 f 12015 Qpp3 Qppc2 daf 32°37'30"N f8689 f Qpp3 daf QTpp2 32°42'30"N daf daf Qpp3 Qds Qpp3 daf 8717 3619000 daf daf f9728 Qppc2 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 QTpp2 daf Qppc2 Qpp3 f11632 QTpp2 9272 Qppc2 daf North Seven Rivers alluvial piedmont deposits (Upper to middle Pleistocene) — North Seven Rivers, like the other Seven River channels head to the southwest out of the northern Guadelupe Mountains in both San Andres formation (Psa) carbonate rocks and Artesia Group (Queen-Grayburg formations) marine and non-marine redbeds and evaporites. To the south and west of the quad it flows out onto a piedmont alluvial complex, which coalesces with the Rio Peñasco to the north. Oldest, highest remnant surfaces and deposits are correlative to lower Pleistocene to late Miocene (?) piedmont deposits of the Rio Peñasco (Tpp1 and QTpp2). Like Eagle Creek to the north, gravels are almost exclusively limestone, derived from Psa, supported in a matrix of reddish brown (2.5YR4/6) to light brown (7.5YR6/3), unconsolidated, moderately sorted, coarse- to fine-grained sand, silty sand, silt (largely calcareous), and sandy clay. Topographic expression between the youngest deposits are often subtle to practically non-existent. Distinction is often based upon a stronger developed pedogenic carbonate (Qps4= stage III – II+; Qps5 = stage II). Qps5 grades to Qlt3. 9473 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp4 daf Qpp5 Qds QTpp2 QTpp2 daf Qpp3 Qd daf Qpp3 f9729 Qd QTps2 9675 9948 1201 5 daf Qpp3 daf Qpp3 Tpp1 Qpp5 Qppc2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 daf Qpp4 Qpp4 Qpp3 daf Qpp3 Fourmile Draw formed in the low area between the Rio Peñasco and North Seven Rivers piedmont alluvial complexes, and is utilized in this mapping to differentiate these complex deposits. It is shallowly underlain by Permian Artesia Group sediments that are riddled with collapse depressions and sinkholes. Just west of U.S. Highway 285, it flows into a very large depression, roughly 1-1.5 km wide and 4 km long. This depression likely formed in the uppermost Pleistocene and/or early Holocene. Upon encountering the depression, Fourmile Draw has built 4 fluviodeltaic complexes containing distributary channels and levee deposits (Htc1-4 and Htd1-4, respectively), distinctly mappable from aerial photography. These migrate with time from the western margin to the center of the depression, where the modern Htd4 complex is located. QTpp2 9731 Qpp3 daf Qppc2 daf daf Qpp3 f Qpp5 Qpp4 North Seven Rivers alluvial piedmont complex 9729 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp3 f 9731 daf daf Fourmile Draw depression Qds Qpp4 Qpp4 8673 Qps3 Qot 9557 QTpp2 Qa QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qppc1 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qppc1 daf Qpp3 9610 QTpp2 3620000 Qpp5 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 daf A' Qpsc1 780 3621000 Qpp3 f9610Qppc29557f fQTpp2 9181 Youngest Quaternary piedmont channels filled with eolian sands, occasionally forming dunes (Holocene to upper Pleistocene) — Thickness ≤ 1 m. Qpce Qppc1 Salado Fm Tpp1 daf QTpp2 QTpp2 QTpp2 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp3 daf 128 9181 Qppc2 Qpp3 daf Quaternary playa deposits (upper Pleistocene to Holocene) — Pinkish white (7.5YR8/2), unconsolidated, well-sorted, fine-grained sand, silt, and clay Thickness unknown (≥ 1m). Qp Qppc2 Qpsc2 Qsce Qps4 Artesia Group San Andres Seven Yates Tansill QueenFm Grayburg Fms Rivers Fm Fm Fm Qpp3 Qpp4 Tpp1 Qpp3 Qppc1 Qpp5 Qpp5 Qppc2 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp5 f 8744 daf QTpp2 Qppc2 Qpce Qpp4 9272 Qpp3 Qpp3 daf Qpp4 Qpp4 Qpp3 Qpp3 daf QTpp2 f 10266 daf Qpp3 Qp Rio Peñasco QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qa Qpp4 Qpp3 Tpp1 Qpp5 Qpp5 9726 QTpp2 Qpp5 QTpp2 Qpp4 daf Qppc1 8758 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp3 f 9473 Older Quaternary piedmont channels (Upper Pleistocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. 8673 8744 Qpp3 3621000 Qe Qa Pecos River floodplain alluvial backswamp deposits (upper Pleistocene to Historic) — Light reddish-brown (5YR6/4) to very dark gray (7.5YR3/1), unconsolidated, well-sorted, silty sand, sandy clay, and clay in low-lying, poorly drained areas. These areas commonly received only fine-grained, slack-water flood deposition, prior to channelization. Thicknesses range from 3-15 (?) m. Qbs Qpp4 8945 Qppc2 f8945 3622000 daf Qpp4 QTpp2 Qpp4 daf QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qbs Qps5 Qlt3 Yeso Fm Qpp4 Qppc1 daf 10988 daff QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Young Quaternary piedmont channels (Holocene to upper Pleistocene) — Thickness <1 to 2 m. 8689 Qpp4 Qpp4 Qa daf Qppc2 Qpp5 Qa Depressions and Permian sinkholes bedrock Htc Holocene 11 North Seven Rivers piedmont alluvial deposits Abo Fm Qppc2 Qpp3 Qpp3 Qpp3 daf QTpp2 Quaternary alluvium, undifferentiated (Historic to uppermost Pleistocene) — Brown (7.5YR4/2) to light brown (7.5YR6/3), unconsolidated, moderately sorted, pebbly sand, silt, and clay. Contains primarily carbonate gravels and pebbles. Varies considerably in thickness from <1 to 3 m in tributaries and up to 10-12 m in the floodplain. Qa Qot Htd Historic Pleistocene Qpp4 Qpp4 Qot Qpp5 Qpp4 daf Qlt3 Qlt3 Qppc2 Qa Qpp5 Qpp3 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qppc1 Qpp4 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qppc2 Qlt3 0 ka Rio Peñasco piedmont alluvial deposits Pecos Valley alluvial terrace deposits 6 QTpp2 daf Qpp4 Qppc2 Qpp3 daf Qlt3 1026 Qa Qpp4 Qpp5 Qpp3 QTpp2 Qpp4 Qppc2 Qpp3 Qpp4 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qlt3 8 Qpp4 Qpp5 QTpp2 Qpp5 Qpp5 Qpp4 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qa Disturbed land and/or artificial fill (Historic) — Dumped fill and areas affected by human disturbances, mapped where deposits or extractions are areally extensive. Especially notable are the numerous constructed oil and gas well pads. Also includes the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Kaiser Channel of the Pecos River, as well as other straightened reaches. daf 1098 Qppc1 Qpp4 3622000 QTpp2 Qppc2 Qlt3 Qpp5 Qlt3 Rio Peñasco QTpp2 daf Qpp3 daf Qppc2 daf QTpp2 daf Qpp5 Alluvial, lacustrine, and fluviodeltaic deposits Miocene Pliocene QTpp2 Qpp3 daf Qpp4 CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Permian QTpp2 QTpp2 Qpp5 8582 Qpp3 Qpp3 QTpp2 Alluvium, lacustrine, and anthropogenic deposits daf 9728 daf Qpp3 daf daf daf QUATERNARY and NEOGENE 3623000 Qpp5 Qppc2 Qpp5 Qpp4 daf daf Qlt3 daf Qpp3 Qpce Qpce Qpp4 QTpp2 Qpp5 Rio Peñasco piedmont channel deposits (Historic to upper Pleistocene) — Numerous, thin alluvial channels, swales, and occasional coalescing depression fill deposits drain the piedmont alluvial complex. They usually consist of light brown (7.5YR6/4) to pinkish gray (7.5YR6/2), unconsolidated, poorly sorted, fine-grained sand, silt, and clay sediments. They were often mapped primarily by soil moisture increases in lower areas relative to adjacent piedmont deposits noted on photography. Eolian input often mantles the “v-shaped” contours associated with stream channels and in some areas sand sheets and dunes can fill these channels (Qpce). On the Rio Peñasco, older channels (Qppc1) are mapped on Qpp4 surfaces, similar and stratigraphically equivalent to those on North Seven Rivers Qps4 deposits. 1163 2 QTpp2 QTpp2 Qlt3 CENOZOIC Qot Qppc2 daf Qa Qppc2 daf QTpp2 Qpce Qpce Qppc2 Qpce Qpp5 Qppc2 Qppc2 daf Qpp3 daf QTpp2 32°45'0"N Qppc2 0 daf Qe daf 558000 Qpp5 Qppc2 Qpp5 Qppc2 557000 1040 QTpp2 QTpp2 556000 Qpp4 daf Qpp3 555000 Quaternary daf 3623000 554000 9884 QTpp2 Qe Qe daf Qpp3 QTpp2 Qe 553000 Neogene QTpp2 daf Qp 552000 2 QTpp2 Qpp3 Qpp4 Qpp3 551000 Paleozoic 550000 DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS 104°22'30"W 1054 Qpp3 daf 549000 104°25'0"W 8717 548000 F 547000 32°45'0"N 104°27'30"W F 104°30'0"W 1,000’ 0’ SL Pa -1,000’
