Breeding Bird Surveys Trend Analyses for the Management Indicator Species
present in the Six Rivers National Forest, California
Prepared by
Josée Rousseau and C. John Ralph, Humboldt Bay Bird Observatory,
Klamath Bird Observatory, and USFS Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata
For Six Rivers National Forest Biologists
February 17, 2012
Breeding Bird Surveys Trend Analyses for the Management Indicator Species present in the
Six Rivers National Forest, California
Overview of BBS ................................................................................................................................. - 1 Report Background .............................................................................................................................. - 1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ - 1 Results.................................................................................................................................................. - 3 Management Indicator Species Trends ................................................................................................ - 5 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................ - 8 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... - 9 List of Figures .................................................................................................................................... - 10 Appendix A ........................................................................................................................................ - 11 Appendix B ........................................................................................................................................ - 31 Overview of BBS
The first Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) started in 1966. Today, more than 3,000 routes are
being surveyed annually largely in the month of June. A BBS route consists of 50 stationary threeminute point counts, separated by a distance of at least 0.5 miles (Ziolkowski et al., 2010). Routes are
usually located along a road. The points remain at the same location from year to year to maintain
consistency.
Data bring essential information about long-term trends for over 420 species of North
American birds. It is being used by Partners in Flight for the State of the Birds report (North American
Bird Conservation Initiative, 2011), and by a multitude of agencies, organizations and institutions to
get information about our breeding bird populations.
Report Background
The purpose of this report is to update the Bird Breeding Survey trend analysis results
presented in the previous report by Redwood Sciences Laboratory (Miller et al., 2007). Many of these
analyses now include data up to and including 2010. A series of maps, one per Management Indicator
Species (MIS), has also been added to this report to provide information about the location of the
routes, and their associated trends. MIS are high vulnerability species based upon projected habitat
trends and is used by the Forest Service to focus attention on certain species.
Methodology
Data
Portions of the BBS data set were downloaded from www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/. The data included
counts of birds per species, routes, and years. Some trend estimates and associated spatial information
were also obtained from the website at http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/ (Sauer et al., 2011).
Results are presented at five different scales: route, Six Rivers National Forest and surrounding land,
Bird Conservation Region (BCR), California, and the USA.
-1-
Route and Forest scale analysis
We performed linear regressions for each MIS and route using SAS. No covariates such as
observer were used. As with the previous report, only data since 1990 were used in order to provide
relevance to recent management and other habitat altering events (e.g., fire, landslides). On the Forest
scale, we used all 18 routes that had at least one point surveyed within 30 kilometers of the Forests
(Figure 1; Appendix A) between 1990 and 2010.
The slopes (trends) obtained through the regressions were identified as positive or negative.
Slopes with a p-value lower than 0.05 were identified as significant.
A list of all species detected within the boundaries of the Forest each year can be found in
Appendix B.
BCR, State, and Country scale analysis
The Six Rivers National Forest falls entirely within the Northern Pacific Rainforest BCR
(Figure 1). Trend estimates for each species at the scale of the Rainforest BCR, California, and the
United States were obtained from the BBS website. Those trends include data from 1966 to 2009. The
trend analyses were performed using a hierarchical model analysis (Sauer and Link, 2011). The
resulting models are thought to better reflect population changes over time than regression models.
The hierarchical models use the following explanatory variables: slopes, observer-route combinations,
year, observer start-up year, stratum-specific intercepts and overdispersion effects.
Maps
GIS files and associated metadata representing the routes and grids’ trend per species were
downloaded from the BBS website. The routes and grids’ value were combined together to create a
map for each MIS. Each map contained two scales of information: the Forest and surrounding land
and northern California, western Oregon. Trend analysis of change on the routes was accomplished
using Poisson regression methods over all years the routes were surveyed between 1966 and 2003, and
observer differences were accommodated using covariates (http://www.mbrpwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/geographic_information/BBS_Polygon_Analysis_metadata.html). The grids’ trend
were obtained using kriging, a statistical “smoothing” using inverse distancing of route data to cover
the area surveyed by BBS. The grid resolution used is 21.5 x 21.5 kilometers (each cell being
associated with one trend value per species).
The following caution regarding the maps is presented on the website:
“Maps are designed primarily for visual display of survey data. The abundances provide a view
of general patterns of regional differences in counts of birds along survey routes. However, we
caution users that factors such as observer differences and habitats can influence detectability of
birds among routes. A variety of more sophisticated analyses should be used for ecological
studies.”
-2-
Results
The BBS detected 115 species on the routes in or within 30 km of Six Rivers National Forest
(Appendix B) during its surveys in June. Of the 22 MIS, five species showed at least one significant
decreasing route trend while 13 showed at least one significant positive route trend (Table 1). Note
that three species had both negative and positive routes. There are three species with insufficient BBS
data at the Forest scale: the Ruffed Grouse, Western Screech-Owl, and Spotted Owl, which are not
included in Table 1. Of a total comparison of 18 routes and 19 species, there are a potential of 342
comparisons, less the 108 with too few data for analyses, for a total of 234. By chance alone, five
percent, or about 12, should be significant. We found 36 significant, which is three times the number
by chance alone.
Table 1. Number of routes in or within 30 km of the Forest with sufficient data for analyses since
1990 and the number of routes with a significant (p < 0.05) negative or positive trend. The last
column is the number of birds detected and used in the analysis.
Number of routes with
Sufficient Significant Significant Insufficient
Number of
data
negative
positive
data
individs.
trend
trend
detected
Wood Duck
4
0
0
14
105
Common Merganser
9
0
0
9
63
Vaux's Swift
8
0
1
10
332
Acorn Woodpecker
13
0
0
5
831
Red-breasted Sapsucker
13
0
0
5
190
Downy Woodpecker
10
0
1
8
87
Hairy Woodpecker
18
0
2
0
376
White-headed Woodpecker
5
0
0
13
83
Pileated Woodpecker
18
0
2
0
217
Hammond's Flycatcher
7
0
1
11
256
Western Scrub-Jay
14
0
3
4
676
Pacific Wren
18
3
2
0
1343
Brown Creeper
18
1
1
0
407
American Dipper
5
1
0
13
27
Western Bluebird
9
0
2
9
202
Yellow-breasted Chat
12
0
1
6
448
Western Tanager
18
0
7
0
3976
Black-headed Grosbeak
18
1
4
0
2933
Lazuli Bunting
17
0
3
1
1943
At a larger scale within the Rainforest BCR (Table 2), Pacific Wren is the only MIS with a
significant negative trend. This BCR has five other species with a significant positive trend within the
past decade (1999 – 2009): Acorn Woodpecker, Hammond’s Flycatcher, Western Scrub-Jay, Yellowbreasted Chat, and Western Tanager. For the same time period, no MIS are showing a significant
negative trend at the state level, while four species have positive trends – Hairy Woodpecker, Pileated
Woodpecker, Western Bluebird, and Western Tanager. There are three additional MIS for which the
Rainforest BCR and California do not detect any recent significant trends (negative or positive) but
which appear to be increasing on the USA level – Wood Duck, sapsuckers, and Black-headed
Grosbeak.
-3-
Table 2. Trends (T) of yearly percentage change of MIS population abundances for two time intervals: 1966 to 2009 and 1999 to 2009 on
three geographic scales. Trends in bold characters may be significant. C = Credibility: a 1 reflects data with at least 14 samples in the long term, of
moderate precision, and of moderate abundance on routes; 2 reflects data with a deficiency; 3 reflects data with an important deficiency. For more
information, see http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/credhm09.html. N = number of survey routes on which the species was encountered during the
long-term (1966-2009) interval. (95% CI) = Confidence interval for trend estimates: these values represent the 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles of the
posterior distribution of trend estimates. If the confidence interval does not include 0, the result could be judged significant.
Northern Pacific Rainforest
1966 - 2009
1999-2009
C N
T
(95% CI)
T
(95% CI)
Wood Duck
2
64 -0.8
(-3.8, 2.1) 0.6
(-4.9, 6.7)
Common Merganser
2
94 -1.1
(-3.0, 0.9) -0.4
(-3.5, 4.4)
Ruffed Grouse
2
59 -1.7
(-4.6, 1.3) -1.0 (-7.4, 10.2)
Western Screech-Owl
3
32
1.3
(-3.0, 5.7) 2.0 (-8.8, 12.0)
Vaux's Swift
1
95 -0.6
(-2.6, 1.1) -1.0
(-5.8, 2.5)
Acorn Woodpecker
1
42
0.2
(-1.1, 1.5) 4.2
(1.0, 7.8)
Sapsuckers*
1 130
0.6
(-1.1, 2.2) 1.7
(-2.2, 6.9)
Downy Woodpecker
2 117 -1.1
(-2.3, 0.1) -1.1
(-4.5, 2.1)
Hairy Woodpecker
1 141
0.5
(-0.6, 1.6) 0.5
(-3.0, 3.2)
White-headed Woodpecker 2
12 -1.0
(-5.1, 3.2) -0.4 (-8.9, 12.2)
Pileated Woodpecker
2 128
0.4
(-0.9, 1.6) 0.4
(-2.3, 3.3)
Hammond's Flycatcher
1 100
(3.0, 6.9) 7.2
(1.8, 13.9)
4.8
Western Scrub-Jay
1
64
(0.4, 1.6) 1.5
(0.4, 3.0)
1.0
Pacific Wren
1 131 -1.2
(-2.1, -0.3) -5.5
(-8.0, -3.0)
Brown Creeper
1 137
0.3
(-1.0, 1.5) 0.7
(-2.3, 3.5)
American Dipper
3
48
0.4
(-2.4, 2.9) 0.8
(-3.7, 4.9)
Western Bluebird
2
55 -0.9
(-3.0, 1.2) 0.9
(-4.1, 6.5)
Yellow-breasted Chat
1
55 -0.1
(-1.1, 0.9) 2.4
(0.2, 4.9)
Western Tanager
1 139
(0.0, 1.3) 1.4
(0.0, 2.8)
0.6
Black-headed Grosbeak
1 131
(0.1, 1.2) 0.9
(-0.2, 2.0)
0.7
Lazuli Bunting
1
78 -1.0
(-2.0, 0.0) -0.1
(-1.9, 2.2)
* Data from the sapsuckers are analyzed as a group on the BBS website.
English Name
C
2
2
.
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
N
58
56
.
42
48
145
99
137
149
75
73
65
180
52
118
41
156
94
175
208
175
California
1966 - 2009
T
(95% CI)
(3.6, 7.8)
5.7
1.5 (-0.3, 3.3)
.
.
-0.6 (-4.2, 2.3)
-1.3 (-3.6, 0.9)
0.2 (-0.5, 0.9)
0.4 (-0.7, 1.6)
-0.7 (-1.7, 0.3)
(0.5, 2.1)
1.3
1.0 (-0.1, 2.2)
(1.2, 3.3)
2.3
0.5 (-0.9, 2.0)
0.4 (-0.1, 1.0)
0.6 (-0.6, 1.9)
-0.5 (-1.3, 0.3)
0.1 (-1.6, 1.9)
(0.3, 2.1)
1.2
0.6 (-0.3, 1.4)
(0.6, 1.6)
1.1
0.2 (-0.4, 0.7)
0.0 (-0.9, 0.8)
-4-
1999-2009
T
(95% CI)
5.4 (-1.8, 10.3)
2.7
(-0.9, 6.7)
.
.
0.9
(-5.0, 8.6)
-1.6
(-6.2, 2.0)
1.6
(-0.1, 3.3)
2.5
(-0.2, 5.6)
0.8
(-1.5, 4.2)
(0.3, 4.2)
2.1
2.0
(-0.3, 5.1)
(0.7, 5.4)
3.0
0.5
(-2.8, 3.8)
-0.3
(-1.7, 1.1)
0.2
(-3.0, 3.2)
0.4
(-1.2, 2.3)
0.7
(-2.6, 4.2)
(0.3, 4.7)
2.0
0.9
(-1.3, 3.0)
(0.2, 2.4)
1.3
0.9
(-0.4, 2.3)
0.0
(-1.8, 1.7)
C
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
N
1889
505
665
97
201
197
968
2721
2498
114
1940
342
474
592
772
184
433
1871
730
867
683
USA
1966 - 2009
T
(95% CI)
(1.7, 3.0)
2.4
-0.2
(-5.8, 1.6)
0.0
(-2.4, 1.2)
-1.9
(-7.7, 2.0)
-1.1
(-4.2, 0.6)
0.5
(-0.2, 1.2)
(2.0, 2.9)
2.4
0.1
(-0.1, 0.3)
(0.3, 0.9)
0.7
0.9
(-0.2, 2.0)
(1.0, 1.4)
1.2
1.1
(-0.1, 2.1)
-0.2
(-0.7, 0.3)
0.4
(-0.2, 0.9)
0.4
(-0.2, 1.0)
0.4
(-0.9, 1.7)
0.9
(-0.7, 1.6)
(-0.6, -0.1)
-0.3
(1.0, 1.8)
1.4
(0.5, 1.2)
0.9
(-1.7, -0.3)
-1.0
1999-2009
T
(95% CI)
(1.3, 4.6)
3.0
2.3
(-0.1, 4.5)
2.4
(-0.5, 5.1)
3.1 (-4.4, 11.2)
-0.1
(-3.2, 2.4)
(0.2, 3.5)
1.8
(2.1, 4.1)
3.1
-0.1
(-0.5, 0.4)
(0.5, 1.8)
1.1
2.0
(-0.1, 4.8)
(1.2, 2.3)
1.8
(0.7, 3.8)
2.2
-0.4
(-1.6, 0.7)
-3.3 (-4.4, -2.2)
1.2
(-1.8, 2.5)
0.8
(-1.6, 3.3)
(0.6, 3.7)
2.0
(0.2, 1.1)
0.6
(1.5, 3.0)
2.2
(1.0, 2.4)
1.7
0.3
(-0.9, 1.7)
Management Indicator Species Trends
Here, we summarize the trends for each MIS, combining information obtained from various
geographical and temporal scales for each species. Only routes with a significant trend are discussed.
Whenever trend results do not show any significance at the smaller scale (i.e. Route or Forest) some
indication of the state of the bird population may be obtained through considering the significance of
that species’ trend at a larger scale (BCR, California, or U.S.).
Within the Six Rivers National Forest, some species will be more common in a given District
of the Forest than others. Whenever appropriate, we used the maps and their associated grid trend
values to give guidance as to where a bird species may be doing poorly, having a stable population, or
may be doing well. The maps created contain several potential biases, including sampling design,
number of replicates (years surveyed), and route density (Sauer et al., 1995). Habitat variables were
not used to create the grids’ values in the spatial analyses. The value and locations of the routes as
well as the distance (crow’s flight) between the routes provided the information to determine the value
of the trend for each cell of the grid. Habitat did however indirectly impact the resulting trends
through changing species detectability. Still, at a large scale, maps are a helpful qualitative display of
the distribution and general tendency of the bird populations.
Wood Duck
Between 1990 and 2010, this species was found in only four routes, none with a significant
trend (Table 1). Those four routes are located to the east of the Forest (i.e. no detections within the
Forest). Data prior to 2003 (Figure 2) had an increase in population on the southern half of the Forest
(Figure 2). Over the USA, this species has an overall significant increase in population (Table 2).
Common Merganser
None of the routes within and immediately around the Forest showed a significant trend.
Within northern California and western Oregon, two main areas had a decrease in population, one of
them on the southern half of the Forest, the other some kilometers north of the Forest (Figure 3). The
BCR, California and USA levels had no significant trends, although this species seem to be doing
slightly better in the last decade (Table 2).
Ruffed Grouse
Very little data are available, as only four individuals have been detected through the BBS
surveys since 1990 in and around the Forest. Data are also lacking for California level trends. No
significant trends are detected at the BCR or USA level.
Western Screech-Owl
There are only six detections of this nocturnal species within the BBS surveys since 1990.
Trends are available for the BCR, California and USA level, although data are too few even at that
scale (Table 2).
Vaux’s Swift
This species was detected in 8 of the 18 routes. Using data from 1990, one route showed a
significant positive trend (Table 1). The grids value in the map (data from 1968 to 2003) shows a
decrease in population in all of Northern California (Figure 4). Although not significantly, the
Northern Pacific Rainforest BCR, California and USA are also showing a negative trend.
-5-
Acorn Woodpecker
The breeding population seems stable within the Forest with no routes having a significant
trend (Table 1). Acorn Woodpeckers were detected in 13 of the 18 routes within or neighboring the
Forest since 1990. The map’s grids (1968 to 2003 data) show an overall increase within Northern
California and Southwest Oregon (Figure 5). This species is experiencing a recent significant
population increase within the Northern Pacific Rainforest BCR and in USA (Table 2).
Red-breasted Sapsucker
None of the 13 routes in which the Red-breasted Sapsucker was detected showed a significant
trend (Table 1). Most of the routes without detections are on the northeast side of the Forest (Figure 6).
The map’s grids show a negative trend on the northern part of the Forest and a positive one on the
southern part. BBS analyses from the website have grouped all sapsucker species. This group has a
significant positive trend on USA level (Table 2).
Downy Woodpecker
This species is absent in 8 of the 18 routes within or surrounding the Forest. The regression
analysis using data between 1990 and 2010 shows one significant positive trend (Table 1). The map
(Figure 7: data from 1968 to 2003) is showing a more negative picture. Since the map is using older
data than used for the Forest analysis, this could indicate a recent increase in the population which is
consistent with the trends at the California level (Table 2).
Hairy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpeckers have a slightly more positive picture than Downy Woodpecker with
detections in all 18 routes. Two had a significantly positive trend since 1990 (Table 1). Trends for
both California and USA show a significant increase in population (Table 2).
White-headed Woodpecker
This species was detected in only five routes, all of them on the top part of the southern half of
the Forest. No routes had a significant trend (Table 1). This species is also relatively stable at the BCR,
California and USA level although showing a slight increase in population within the past decade
(Table 2).
Pileated Woodpecker
Pileated Woodpeckers were detected in all 18 routes. Two routes showed a significant positive
trend (Table 1). Most of the increase in population is in the southern part of the Forest (Figure 10).
The population at the California and USA scale is experiencing a significant increase (Table 2).
Hammond’s Flycatcher
With detections in only seven of the 18 routes, this bird does have one significant positive route
trend (Table 1). The map, with data up to 2003, shows a general decrease in population on and around
the Forest (Figure 11). Along with the Forest level, data from the Rainforest BCR and USA have a
recent significant increase.
Western Scrub-Jay
Data from 1990s shows of the 11 routes with sufficient detections three were positively
significant (Table 1). Four routes, all in the northwest corner of the Forest, did not have any detection.
-6-
This species is also significantly increasing at the BCR level in contrast with the California and USA
level, where no significant trends were observed (Table 2).
Pacific Wren
Of the species with a fair amount of detections, this species had the strongest decrease with
three of the 18 routes with a significant negative trend. The grids value on the map suggests that the
coastal population is most affected (Figure 13). The BCR, California and USA scale have similar
trends with a recent significant decrease in population. It is important to note that the species formerly
known as Winter Wren was recently divided. The data from the National level have trends associated
with the previous species name, the “Winter Wren”.
Brown Creeper
This species has one significantly positive and one negative route trends (Table 1) with the
decreases being located at both the northern and southern ends of the Forest (Figure 14). The
Rainforest BCR, California and USA have no significant trends (Table 2).
American Dipper
Only 27 of this species were detected within the 18 routes since 1990. This species has one
route with a significant negative trend (Table 1). The map shows an increase in population on the
eastern and northern sides of the Forest while the rest remained stable (Figure 15). The populations at
the BCR, California and USA scales are showing a slight increase although not significantly (Table 2).
Western Bluebird
Western Bluebirds were detected in half of the routes within or the Forest. Two routes had a
significant increase in population (Table 1). The routes without detections are all located on the
northern half of the Forest. At the larger scales, there was a significant increase in population at the
California and USA levels (Table 2).
Yellow-breasted Chat
This species was detected in 12 routes, one of which had a significant positive trend (Table 1).
Five of the six routes without detections are in the Forest. At a larger scale, the Rainforest BCR had a
significant increase in population. The USA scale is showing a significant negative trend for 1966 to
2009, but a positive significant trend for 1999 to 2009, suggesting a recent improvement in population
(Table 2).
Western Tanager
Out of all MIS, the Western Tanager had the most detection for the Forest since 1990s, with
3976. This species also has the most routes (seven) with a significant positive trend and was detected
in all 18 routes. The map, using data prior to 2003, however shows a more conservative, if not
decreasing, trend (Figure 18). This species’ increase at the Forest level may be recent. This is
supported by the trend result for the larger scales. The BCR, California and USA levels all have recent
more pronounced significant positive trends (Table 2).
Black-headed Grosbeak
This is also one of the most numerous MIS, with 2933 individuals detected since 1990.
There are four routes with a significant positive trend but also one showing a significant negative one.
The northern half of the Forest seems to have a more stable or increasing breeding population (Figure
-7-
19). Both the Rainforest BCR and USA level have had a significant increase in population since 1966
(Table 2).
Lazuli Bunting
Three of the eleven routes with birds showed a significant positive trend (Table 1). The map
shows colorful variation in trend, depending on the location of the grid on the Forest (Figure 20). On
the USA level, they are having a significant long-term decrease since 1966. However, the trend is
positive when looking at more recent years (since 1999).
Discussion
Data from the Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) provide an invaluable source of information about
bird abundance and distribution across North America. Its strengths lie in its simple and consistent
protocol, long-term commitment, affordable and enthusiastic human resource, and wide yet intensive
geographical scope. In turn, sufficient sample size and the availability of statistical tools provide the
means to extract population trends at various geographical and temporal scales.
Several Management Indicator Species have been detected through the BBS surveys in the Six
Rivers National Forest. Some of those species have – and for many recently – increased in abundance
although not always significantly. The species with the most noticeable increases are Western ScrubJay, Western Bluebird, Western Tanager and Black-headed Grosbeak. While it is essential to continue
managing for those MIS experiencing an increase in population, there is a need to establish or improve
management actions for those with a stable or decreasing trend. The species with the strongest decline
is the Pacific Wren. In terms of habitat, California Partners in Flight produced a Coniferous Forest
Bird Conservation Plan where they recommend prioritizing the protection of old-growth / latesuccession coniferous forest and decreasing fragmentation to improve habitat quality for the Pacific
Wren. They also recommend managing for forest floor complexity, tree species diversity, and manage
or create “soft” edges appropriate to historical vegetation patterns (California Partners in Flight 2002).
While BBS data provide considerable information for many bird species, its taxonomic and
temporal scope is limited. On a taxonomic level, complementary monitoring techniques are needed to
assess the presence or trend associated with the following groups of birds within the Forest:
waterfowls, shorebirds, gallinaceous birds, owls and other nocturnal species. BBS surveys started at a
time where our knowledge of the state of our bird populations was centered and thought to be
dependent mainly on breeding status and success. We now know that in order to adequately manage
and conserve our bird populations, actions needs to be implemented during breeding season but also
fall migration, winter, and spring migration (e.g., Faaborg et al., 2010). While BBS trend analyses do
tells us what is happening to the abundance of our bird populations, it is only through combining this
information with that obtained through complementary survey techniques, such as demographic
studies, that we can find out why the birds are doing well or where we should prioritize our
management actions.
-8-
Literature Cited
CalPIF (California Partners in Flight). 2002. Version 1.1. The coniferous forest bird conservation plan:
a strategy for protecting and managing coniferous forest habitats and associated birds in California (J.
C. Robinson and J. Alexander, lead authors). PRBO Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA.
http://www.prbo.org/calpif/plans.html.
Faaborg, John, Richard T. Holmes, Angela D. Anders, Keith L. Bildstein, Katie M. Dugger, Sidney A.
Gauthreaux Jr., Patricia Heglund, Keith A. Hobson, Alex E. Jahn, Douglas H. Johnson, Steven C.
Latta, Douglas J. Levey, Peter P. Marra, Christopher L. Merkord, Erica Nol, Stephen I. Rothstein,
Thomas W. Sherry, T. Scott Sillett, Frank R. Thompson III, and Nils Warnock. 2010. Conserving
migratory land birds in the New World: Do we know enough? Ecological Applications 20:2, 398-418
Miller, Sherri, C. John Ralph and Pablo Herrera. 2007. Trend Analyses for Management Indicator
Species in the Six Rivers National Forest. Redwood Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Arcata,
CA. 5 pages.
North American Bird Conservation Initiative, U.S. Committee, 2011. The State of the Birds
2011 Report on Public Lands and Waters. U.S. Department of Interior: Washington, DC. 48 pages.
Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, J. E. Fallon, K. L. Pardieck, D. J. Ziolkowski, Jr., and W. A. Link. 2011. The
North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2009. Version 3.23.2011 USGS
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD.
Sauer, John R. and William A. Link. 2011. Analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey
using hierarchical models. The Auk 128(1): 87-98.
Sauer, J. R., G. W. Pendleton, and S. Orsillo. 1995. Mapping of bird distributions from point count
surveys. Pages 151-160 in C. J. Ralph, J. R. Sauer, and S. Droege, eds. Monitoring Bird Populations by
Point Counts, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, General Technical Report
PSW-GTR-149.
Ziolkowski, Dave Jr., Keith Pardieck, and John R. Sauer. 2010. On the road again for a bird survey
that counts. Birding 42(4): 32-40.
-9-
List of Figures
Figure 1. Breeding Bird Surveys Routes – Six Rivers National Forest, California
Figure 2. Wood Duck – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 3. Common Merganser – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 4. Vaux’s Swift – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 5. Acorn Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 6. Red-breasted Sapsucker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 7. Downy Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 8. Hairy Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 9. White-headed Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 10. Pileated Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 11. Hammond’s Flycatcher – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 12. Western Scrub-Jay – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 13. Pacific Wren – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 14. Brown Creeper – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 15. American Dipper – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 16. Western Bluebird – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 17. Yellow-breasted Chat – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 18. Western Tanager – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 19. Black-headed Grosbeak – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
Figure 20. Lazuli Bunting – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 10 -
Figure 1. Breeding Bird Surveys Routes – Six Rivers National Forest, California
- 11 -
Figure 2. Wood Duck – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 12 -
Figure 3. Common Merganser – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 13 -
Figure 4. Vaux’s Swift – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 14 -
Figure 5. Acorn Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 15 -
Figure 6. Red-breasted Sapsucker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 16 -
Figure 7. Downy Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 17 -
Figure 8. Hairy Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 18 -
Figure 9. White-headed Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 19 -
Figure 10. Pileated Woodpecker – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 20 -
Figure 11. Hammond’s Flycatcher – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 21 -
Figure 12. Western Scrub-Jay – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 22 -
Figure 13. Pacific Wren – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 23 -
Figure 14. Brown Creeper – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 24 -
Figure 15. American Dipper – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 25 -
Figure 16. Western Bluebird – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 26 -
Figure 17. Yellow-breasted Chat – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 27 -
Figure 18. Western Tanager – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 28 -
Figure 19. Black-headed Grosbeak – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 29 -
Figure 20. Lazuli Bunting – Breeding Bird Surveys Trends
- 30 -
Appendix A. Years each route within and surrounding the Six Rivers Forest was run since 1968 (bold
routes are located partly or entirely within the boundaries of the Forest).
Route Name
Crescent City
Holmes
Hazel Camp
Martins FY
Orleans
Offield MTN
Alderpoint
Korbel
Hiouchi
Lonesome RDG
Burnt Ranch
Big Flat
Hayfork
Friday Ridge
Ship MTN.
Pilot Creek
Redwood N.P.
South Fork M
Route ID
4
6
57
74
167
174
178
200
401
402
409
428
431
435/905
902
903
908
953
68
69
70
71
X
X
X
X
Route Name
Crescent City
Holmes
Hazel Camp
Martins FY
Orleans
Offield MTN
Alderpoint
Korbel
Hiouchi
Lonesome RDG
Burnt Ranch
Big Flat
Hayfork
Friday Ridge
Ship MTN.
Pilot Creek
Redwood N.P.
South Fork M
Route ID
4
6
57
74
167
174
178
200
401
402
409
428
431
435/905
902
903
908
953
80
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
81
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
82
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
83
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
72
X
X
73
X
X
X
74
X
X
X
75
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
84
X
85
X
86
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
- 31 -
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
76
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
77
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
87
X
88
X
89
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
78
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
79
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Appendix A (continued).
Route Name
Crescent City
Holmes
Hazel Camp
Martins FY
Orleans
Offield MTN
Alderpoint
Korbel
Hiouchi
Lonesome RDG
Burnt Ranch
Big Flat
Hayfork
Friday Ridge
Ship MTN.
Pilot Creek
Redwood N.P.
South Fork M
Route ID
4
6
57
74
167
174
178
200
401
402
409
428
431
435/905
902
903
908
953
Route Name
Crescent City
Holmes
Hazel Camp
Martins FY
Orleans
Offield MTN
Alderpoint
Korbel
Hiouchi
Lonesome RDG
Burnt Ranch
Big Flat
Hayfork
Friday Ridge
Ship MTN.
Pilot Creek
Redwood N.P.
South Fork M
Route ID
4
6
57
74
167
174
178
200
401
402
409
428
431
435/905
902
903
908
953
90
X
91
X
X
X
X
92
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
93
X
X
X
94
X
X
95
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
00
X
X
01
X
X
02
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
03
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
04
05
X
X
X
X
96
X
X
97
X
X
98
X
X
99
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
06
07
08
09
10
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
- 32 -
Total # of years
33
36
21
24
24
30
30
26
4
8
13
4
10
17
16
3
16
8
Appendix B. Species detected within the boundaries of Six Rivers National Forest and their associated number of observations per year.
Between years comparison should take into consideration the number of routes surveyed each specific year (Appendix A). Missing years
represent years for which no BBS routes were surveyed within the Forest.
English Name
Common Merganser
Canada Goose
Great Blue Heron
Virginia Rail
Spotted Sandpiper
Mountain Quail
California Quail
Sooty Grouse
Ruffed Grouse
Band-tailed Pigeon
Rock Pigeon
Mourning Dove
Turkey Vulture
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
Northern Goshawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawk
Bald Eagle
Peregrine Falcon
Osprey
Spotted Owl
Northern Pygmy-Owl
Belted Kingfisher
Hairy Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker
White-headed Woodpecker
Red-breasted Sapsucker
Pileated Woodpecker
Acorn Woodpecker
Northern Flicker
Scientific Name
Mergus merganser
Branta canadensis
Ardea herodias
Rallus limicola
Actitis macularius
Oreortyx pictus
Callipepla californica
Dendragapus fuliginosus
Bonasa umbellus
Patagioenas fasciata
Columba livia
Zenaida macroura
Cathartes aura
Accipiter striatus
Accipiter cooperii
Accipiter gentilis
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteo lineatus
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Falco peregrinus
Pandion haliaetus
Strix occidentalis
Glaucidium gnoma
Megaceryle alcyon
Picoides villosus
Picoides pubescens
Picoides albolarvatus
Sphyrapicus ruber
Dryocopus pileatus
Melanerpes formicivorus
Colaptes a. cafer grp.
94
.
.
1
1
.
31
7
8
.
8
.
2
5
.
1
.
1
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
12
.
6
15
7
6
32
95
.
.
.
.
.
37
4
4
.
9
.
.
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
1
11
7
6
4
18
96
.
.
.
.
.
58
19
5
.
3
1
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
7
4
4
1
21
97
1
.
.
.
.
40
3
9
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
1
.
4
.
1
3
3
4
18
- 33 -
98
.
.
.
.
.
22
.
3
.
11
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
2
1
20
99
.
.
.
.
.
16
.
2
.
4
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
5
2
5
00
.
.
.
.
.
58
3
5
.
7
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
4
6
5
3
15
01
.
.
.
.
.
27
2
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
.
1
19
02
.
.
.
.
2
26
7
4
.
13
.
8
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
1
3
15
7
11
49
03
4
1
1
.
6
43
11
10
1
5
1
7
6
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
2
.
3
.
7
.
1
16
5
4
29
04
2
.
1
.
3
38
11
8
.
12
.
2
5
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
28
1
12
19
10
9
27
05
.
.
.
.
.
38
2
5
1
4
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
6
6
2
11
19
06
2
.
.
.
2
40
6
4
.
5
.
3
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
11
1
3
2
11
4
24
07
.
.
.
.
.
5
3
.
.
8
.
1
7
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14
.
7
8
6
7
13
08
.
.
.
.
.
3
1
4
.
6
.
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
8
12
2
8
27
09
1
.
.
.
3
2
3
2
.
4
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
4
1
.
4
5
5
17
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
4
8
Total
10
1
3
1
16
484
85
74
2
103
2
39
33
1
2
1
10
7
2
4
4
2
8
1
125
6
69
125
81
85
361
Appendix B (continued).
English Name
Common Nighthawk
Vaux's Swift
Anna's Hummingbird
Rufous Hummingbird
Allen's Hummingbird
unid. Hummingbird
Western Kingbird
Ash-throated Flycatcher
Black Phoebe
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Western Wood-Pewee
Pacific-slope Flycatcher
Hammond's Flycatcher
unid. Hammond's Flycatcher /
Dusky Flycatcher
Dusky Flycatcher
Steller's Jay
Western Scrub-Jay
Common Raven
American Crow
European Starling
Brown-headed Cowbird
Red-winged Blackbird
Western Meadowlark
Bullock's Oriole
Brewer's Blackbird
Evening Grosbeak
Purple Finch
Cassin's Finch
Red Crossbill
American Goldfinch
Lesser Goldfinch
Pine Siskin
Grasshopper Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrow
Chipping Sparrow
Scientific Name
Chordeiles minor
Chaetura vauxi
Calypte anna
Selasphorus rufus
Selasphorus sasin
Trochilid sp
Tyrannus verticalis
Myiarchus cinerascens
Sayornis nigricans
Contopus cooperi
Contopus sordidulus
Empidonax difficilis
Empidonax hammondii
Empidonax
hammondii/wrightii
Empidonax oberholseri
Cyanocitta stelleri
Aphelocoma californica
Corvus corax
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Sturnus vulgaris
Molothrus ater
Agelaius phoeniceus
Sturnella neglecta
Icterus bullockii
Euphagus cyanocephalus
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Carpodacus purpureus
Carpodacus cassinii
Loxia curvirostra
Carduelis tristis
Carduelis psaltria
Carduelis pinus
Ammodramus savannarum
Zonotrichia leucophrys
Spizella passerina
94
1
.
1
.
10
.
.
.
3
55
8
64
10
.
95
1
.
2
.
10
.
1
.
.
32
3
37
14
.
96
.
.
1
.
6
.
.
.
.
37
4
23
14
.
97
.
.
.
.
3
2
.
.
.
24
2
18
6
.
98
.
.
.
.
6
.
.
1
.
18
2
9
2
.
99
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
10
1
15
6
.
00
.
.
2
.
8
.
.
.
.
35
11
19
14
.
01
1
.
2
.
6
.
.
.
.
17
1
5
4
.
02
.
.
3
.
5
.
.
.
4
42
15
33
19
.
03
.
.
1
.
3
.
2
.
4
48
12
45
25
.
04
2
2
.
.
4
6
.
.
4
36
17
47
17
.
05
.
.
.
.
3
.
3
4
.
25
6
12
14
.
06
.
.
2
.
.
8
2
.
6
47
15
45
24
.
07
.
.
.
.
2
.
2
2
.
18
19
18
7
.
08
.
.
.
.
4
.
1
.
.
11
12
19
4
2
09
.
.
2
5
.
.
.
.
1
7
8
22
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
8
.
.
Total
5
2
18
5
70
16
11
8
22
463
136
439
180
2
54
131
8
23
15
.
12
3
.
2
15
.
15
6
4
1
2
8
.
5
8
53
121
10
9
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
14
5
.
.
5
11
.
3
1
60
101
4
13
2
2
1
.
1
.
.
1
4
3
2
.
2
8
.
.
7
28
87
8
14
5
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
9
.
.
.
2
.
.
2
2
16
79
4
6
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
1
.
.
.
.
4
2
16
73
1
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
11
.
3
.
41
119
1
2
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
9
.
.
.
4
2
.
2
3
24
79
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
61
239
7
19
5
.
1
.
1
2
.
.
15
.
3
.
8
1
.
7
15
51
166
8
8
7
.
3
.
5
.
.
.
15
5
5
.
9
4
.
4
2
62
202
12
19
4
.
1
.
3
5
.
.
6
4
12
.
13
2
.
5
4
37
103
7
7
1
.
.
.
1
4
2
1
3
4
3
.
4
.
.
4
5
52
182
7
13
3
33
1
.
2
4
.
.
13
3
3
.
7
4
.
6
4
43
96
2
7
.
6
.
.
1
3
.
.
6
5
.
.
11
1
.
1
8
37
85
2
9
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
4
.
4
5
.
.
15
21
89
5
8
.
1
1
.
.
3
.
.
10
1
.
.
8
15
1
.
3
5
46
4
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
11
.
3
5
.
1
.
661
1998
91
166
45
45
20
3
17
27
18
3
143
36
48
1
82
77
1
47
82
- 34 -
Appendix B (continued).
English Name
Dark-eyed Junco (Oregon Junco)
Song Sparrow
Fox Sparrow
Spotted Towhee
Green-tailed Towhee
Black-headed Grosbeak
Lazuli Bunting
Western Tanager
Cliff Swallow
Barn Swallow
Tree Swallow
Violet-green Swallow
Bank Swallow
Northern Rough-winged Swallow
Cedar Waxwing
Warbling Vireo
Cassin's Vireo
Hutton's Vireo
Nashville Warbler
Orange-crowned Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warbler
(Audubon's Warbler)
Black-throated Gray Warbler
Hermit Warbler
MacGillivray's Warbler
Common Yellowthroat
Yellow-breasted Chat
Wilson's Warbler
American Dipper
Rock Wren
Bewick's Wren
House Wren
Winter Wren
Brown Creeper
White-breasted Nuthatch
Scientific Name
Junco h. oreganus grp.
Melospiza melodia
Passerella iliaca
Pipilo maculatus
Pipilo chlorurus
Pheucticus melanocephalus
Passerina amoena
Piranga ludoviciana
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Hirundo rustica
Tachycineta bicolor
Tachycineta thalassina
Riparia riparia
Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Bombycilla cedrorum
Vireo gilvus
Vireo cassinii
Vireo huttoni
Vermivora ruficapilla
Vermivora celata
Dendroica petechia
Dendroica c. audoboni grp.
94
159
1
25
93
4
51
38
96
21
.
10
14
.
34
1
34
61
7
60
31
5
56
95
140
.
38
73
13
43
45
112
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
18
25
7
60
13
.
54
96
113
1
26
64
18
59
14
101
.
.
4
2
.
.
.
27
42
5
49
29
.
70
97
69
4
20
52
9
49
23
72
.
.
5
.
.
.
.
12
30
4
56
27
1
36
98
33
.
19
27
14
16
13
42
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
25
6
22
12
1
15
99
22
.
7
24
12
20
11
26
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
9
2
21
14
.
17
00
124
.
51
39
16
56
32
102
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14
18
.
42
19
.
83
01
32
.
15
28
19
49
15
73
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
7
25
4
46
10
.
11
02
132
7
46
101
24
86
69
226
23
2
8
5
.
23
.
26
71
28
69
34
9
86
03
135
11
42
78
12
145
23
248
.
2
11
40
.
2
.
24
44
17
128
27
7
90
04
138
10
52
93
26
89
46
213
2
1
12
34
.
19
.
31
48
25
97
20
7
81
05
70
.
28
21
31
64
25
114
.
.
4
2
.
.
.
7
11
4
32
12
.
61
06
125
5
43
69
20
126
43
245
4
2
6
11
.
7
.
26
54
22
90
34
4
74
07
124
.
60
49
31
33
90
103
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
3
8
27
20
.
100
08
114
.
54
54
25
45
39
103
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
18
11
3
36
19
2
67
09
56
.
13
49
13
76
27
103
5
.
7
5
5
2
.
17
53
7
68
30
3
35
10
47
.
10
35
1
8
15
21
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
1
6
5
.
12
Total
1633
39
549
949
288
1015
568
2000
62
7
68
113
5
87
1
311
532
150
909
356
39
948
Dendroica nigrescens
Dendroica occidentalis
Oporornis tolmiei
Geothlypis trichas
Icteria virens
Wilsonia pusilla
Cinclus mexicanus
Salpinctes obsoletus
Thryomanes bewickii
Troglodytes aedon
Troglodytes troglodytes
Certhia americana
Sitta carolinensis
24
158
64
.
13
19
1
.
1
8
6
7
1
29
157
40
.
12
7
.
1
.
21
3
14
.
60
166
48
2
8
13
.
.
.
11
5
4
.
41
104
25
.
12
7
.
1
.
8
2
2
.
16
55
23
.
3
2
.
.
.
2
4
.
.
1
55
10
.
2
2
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
4
150
18
.
2
7
.
.
.
13
2
17
.
7
79
21
.
2
5
.
2
.
.
3
1
.
28
211
56
.
22
41
3
1
1
17
12
19
.
32
210
54
.
18
51
3
1
.
10
6
5
.
68
145
72
.
25
35
6
1
1
13
11
18
.
2
114
21
.
2
1
.
.
1
17
.
14
2
62
233
47
.
15
61
4
.
.
17
9
5
1
21
117
63
.
3
5
.
1
.
11
.
4
.
89
64
38
.
3
3
.
.
.
5
3
9
4
72
115
46
.
15
8
1
.
.
2
1
8
.
4
14
15
.
3
2
.
.
.
2
.
7
.
560
2147
661
2
160
269
18
8
4
157
68
135
8
- 35 -
Appendix B (continued).
English Name
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Oak Titmouse
Mountain Chickadee
Chestnut-backed Chickadee
Wrentit
Bushtit
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Townsend's Solitaire
Swainson's Thrush
Hermit Thrush
American Robin
Varied Thrush
Western Bluebird
Total number of species
Scientific Name
Sitta canadensis
Baeolophus inornatus
Poecile gambeli
Poecile rufescens
Chamaea fasciata
Psaltriparus minimus
Regulus satrapa
Polioptila caerulea
Myadestes townsendi
Catharus ustulatus
Catharus guttatus
Turdus migratorius
Ixoreus naevius
Sialia mexicana
94
116
.
33
21
28
12
33
.
33
9
96
54
.
6
85
95
132
.
29
13
22
.
45
1
32
8
120
23
.
1
65
96
92
.
25
17
22
2
33
1
12
3
87
39
1
3
73
97
47
.
18
11
26
6
13
.
7
8
86
19
.
1
67
- 36 -
98
19
.
6
5
27
3
13
1
14
2
73
6
.
.
56
99
54
.
1
1
6
.
1
.
9
.
46
4
1
.
54
00
97
.
18
6
10
.
17
.
29
6
62
31
.
1
58
01
64
.
3
7
10
.
2
.
18
10
52
21
1
.
53
02
133
.
25
29
49
10
21
.
37
46
133
37
.
1
77
03
98
.
29
13
56
6
13
.
23
41
121
67
3
3
86
04
173
.
30
41
74
4
17
.
36
44
177
41
1
2
86
05
99
.
25
11
16
.
20
2
36
8
100
11
.
10
70
06
181
.
21
23
48
1
28
1
35
34
99
22
.
1
82
07
92
.
40
17
1
4
28
.
8
7
79
34
.
4
65
08
68
.
27
19
6
7
23
.
15
7
56
40
.
.
64
09
40
1
9
29
7
4
8
1
3
5
62
26
.
5
75
10
52
.
4
26
7
2
7
1
1
.
12
15
.
7
54
Total
1557
1
343
289
415
61
322
8
348
238
1461
490
7
45
115