United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Pacific Southwest
Forest and Range
Experiment Station
General Technical
Report PSW-56
Photo Series for Quantifying Natural Forest Residues: Southern Cascades,
Northern Sierra Nevada
Kenneth S. Blonski
John L. Schramel
The Authors:
KENNETH S. BLONSKI is fuels management officer at the Almanor Ranger District,
Lassen National Forest. He holds a bachelor's degree in social studies (Chico State
University, 1969) and master's degrees in criminology (University of California, Berkeley,
1971) and forestry (Colorado State University, 1977). He joined the Forest Service in 1969.
JOHN L. SCHRAMEL was fuels management technician with the Almanor Ranger
District when this photo series was prepared. He holds a bachelor of science degree in
history (University of San Francisco, 1958) and master's degrees in history (University of
Nevada, Reno, 1967) and forestry (Colorado State University, 1977). He has worked with
the Ranger District and Forest Staff, Plumas National Forest for 13 seasons.
Acknowledgments:
This publication is the result of a cooperative effort between the Almanor Ranger District
of the Lassen National Forest, Pacific Southwest Region (R-5), and the Pacific Northwest
and Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Stations, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Advisory, field, and clerical personnel of the Almanor Ranger
District participating were Mike Condon, Lucie Gray, Greg Holquist, Joy Jackman, Beth
Judd, Doris Madigan, Neil Markowitz, John Swanson, and Titia Tanaka. The advice and
encouragement of Frank Ward and Wayne Maxwell of Pacific Northwest Station are greatly
appreciated.
Publisher:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701
October 1981
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Using the Photo Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Key to Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
List of Plant Species Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Metric Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Log Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Mixed Conifer-Pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Mixed Conifer-Fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Ponderosa Pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Size Class 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Size Class 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Lodgepole Pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Size Class 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Size Class 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 White Fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Size Class 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Size Class 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Red Fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Size Class 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Mountain Hemlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Size Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
N
atural fuels, by definition, are those downed and dead
woody materials deposited on the forest floor entirely
through natural processes, such as blowdown, self-pruning,
disease, needlefall, and fire. The residue is made up of stems,
branches, twigs, and needles of varying sizes in diverse
amounts and arrangements, and constitutes a fuel complex.
Much of the debris has accumulated as a result of the
policies of fire exclusion and suppression that dominated the
thinking of resource managers in past years. These policies
prevented periodic cleansing of the dead materials and contributed to a potentially greater hazard by allowing the fuels to
build up. Resource managers must assess and deal with these
conditions in the light of changing attitudes toward the role of
fire in forest management.
This collection of photo series is designed to provide a
reliable, easy-to-use tool for quantifying natural fuel complexes. Inventories made in such a way can provide base data
for timber sale plans, wilderness management, fuel treatment
plans, residue energy potential estimates, and other resource
and protection needs. Although inventory techniques such as
the planar intersect method are very useful when a high degree
of accuracy is needed, they can be time consuming and costly
when applied extensively. The photo series can be used to
make fast, easy, and inexpensive quantifications of residue
that are adequate for most management needs.
Each photo is accompanied by a data sheet listing
• Fuel size classes with measured weights and volumes
• Other pertinent residue measurements
• Stand characteristics
The photo series is based on the work of Maxwell and Ward
(1976a, 1976b) on the visual quantification of forest residues.
Their publications and subsequent ones such as Koski and
Fischer's (1979) were convincing arguments for the effectiveness of the photo inventory system.
The format of the natural fuels series follows that of Maxwell and Ward. Information was developed in the following
manner:
• Areas to be inventoried were typical examples of undisturbed stands and were chosen from aerial photos and compartment inventory maps.
2
• Stands were selected to fit the classification categories of
Parker and Matyas (1979).
• Inventory areas were evaluated by field personnel to determine suitability for inclusion in the photo series.
• Sample plots were established and photographed according to guidelines proposed by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (1975).
• Fuel inventories were accomplished following procedures
described by Brown (1974).
• Tree crown weights were derived from Harrell (1978),
tree volumes from MacLean and Berger (1976), and bole and
bark weights from Brown and others 1977.
Using the Photo Series
To make the visual inventory of downed residue, view the
field of observable fuel characteristics and compare them with
the photos as follows:
1. Observe each characteristic of the residue on the ground,
that is, the size, arrangement, etc.
2. Select a photo which nearly matches the observed characteristic or two photos that appear to bracket it.
3. Obtain the quantitative value for the characteristic being
estimated from the data sheet accompanying the selected photo
(or interpolate value between photos).
Repeat the three steps for each characteristic for fuels in the
0- to 3-inch diameter range. Use steps 2 and 3 for fuels 3 inches
and more in diameter.
If the general area being inventoried has zones of obvious
differences in residue loading, consider making separate determinations for each zone which can then be weighted and
cumulated for the entire area.
Residue characteristics not distinguishable in the photos are
duff and litter depth and proportions of sound and rotten
residue. If you desire values for these characteristics in an
inventory, you must derive them from independent sampling
or observations. A table of log weights is provided for rough
estimates of sound, downed fuels of 4 inches or greater d.b.h.
Bole volume and weight excludes bark, 1-foot stump, and
4-inch top. If you wish more precise determinations, consult
Anderson (1978) for supplemental aids.
The fine fuels ranging from up to 0.25 inch in diameter are
difficult to view in the photos. Estimate the 0.25 to 1-inch fuels
first, then assign the corresponding 0- to 0.25-inch value from
the data sheet for the same photo (or for the interpolation
between two photos). This is an assumption that downed
natural fuel in the 0.25 to 1-inch range corresponds uniformly
in value to that in the 0- to 0.25-inch range.
Fire behavior tables applicable to this photo series are available from Fuels Management Staff, Almanor Ranger District,
Box 767, Chester, Calif. 96020.
Key to Codes
Each picture and the facing data sheet carry a code consisting of the following elements:
• Number denoting fuel loading level, ranging from lightest
loading to heaviest loading, in the photo series.
• Symbol denoting vegetative series, where
MP = Mixed Conifer―Pine
MF = Mixed Conifer―Fir
PP = Ponderosa Pine
LP = Lodgepole Pine
WF = White Fir
RF = Red Fir
MH = Mountain Hemlock
• Number denoting forest size class of the photo series,
where
1 = <5 inches d.b.h.
2 = 5 to 11 inches d.b.h.
3 = 12 to 20 inches d.b.h.
4 = >20 inches d.b.h.
Ex.: 1-LP-2 is the first photo (lightest fuel loading) in the
series for lodgepole pine, in size class 2 (5 to 11 inches d.b.h.).
List of Plant Species Cited
California black oak .......................... Quercus kelloggii Newb.
Douglas-fir .................... Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
Incense-cedar .................................. Libocedrus decurrens Ton.
Jeffrey pine .................................... Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.
Ponderosa pine ..................................... Pinus ponderosa Laws.
California red fir ................................ Abies magnifica A. Murr.
Sugar pine .........................................Pinus lambertiana Dougl.
White fir ......................Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.
Lodgepole pine .........................Pinus contorta var. murrayana
(Grev. & Balf.)
Mountain hemlock ................. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr
Metric Conversions
1 acre = 0.4047 hectare
2.471 acres = 1 hectare
1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meter
35.31 cubic feet = 1 cubic meter
1 foot = 0.3048 meter
3.281 feet = 1 meter
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
0.3937 inch = 1 centimeter
1 ton (short) = 0.907 ton (metric)
1.102 tons (short) = 1 ton (metric)
3
4
References
Anderson, Hal E. Graphic aids for field calculation of dead, down forest
fuels. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-45. Ogden, UT: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1978. 21 p.
Brown, James K. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material.
USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT- 16. Ogden, UT: Intermountain
Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1974. 24 p.
Brown, James K.; Snell, J.A. Kendall; Bunnell, David L. Handbook for
predicting slash weight of western conifers. USDA Forest Service Gen.
Tech. Rep. INT-37. Ogden, UT: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1977. 37 p.
Harrell, R.D. California regional supplement of handbook for predicting
slash weight of western conifers. San Francisco, CA: California Region,
Forest Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric. 1978; 29 p.
Koski, Wayne H.; Fischer, William C. Photo series for appraising thinning
slash in north Idaho: western hemlock, grand fir, and western red
cedar timber types. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-46. Ogden, UT: Intermountain
Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture; 1979. 49 p.
MacLean, Colin D.; Berger, John M. Softwood tree volume equations for
major California species. USDA Forest Service Res. Note PNW-266.
Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station;
1976. 34 p.
Maxwell, Wayne G.; Ward, Franklin R. Photo series for quantifying forest
residues in the coastal Douglas-fir―hemlock type, coastal Douglasfir―hardwood type. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-51.
Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station;
1976a. 103 p.
Maxwell, Wayne, G.; Ward, Franklin R. Photo series for quantifying forest
residues in the ponderosa pine and associated species type, lodgepole
pine type. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-52. Portland, OR:
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1976b. 73 p.
Parker, Ike; Matyas, Wendy. CALVEG, a classification of California
vegetation, rev. San Francisco, CA: California Region, Forest Serv., U.S.
Dep. Agric. 1981; 159 p.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. National fuel classification
and inventory system, preliminary draft. Washington, D.C. 1974. 61 p.
Diameter of log (inches)
Log Weights (Tons)
Length of log (feet)
8
10
12
4 0.01 0.01 0.01
6 .02 .02
.03
8 .04 .04
.05
10 .06 .07
.08
12 .08 .1
.1
14 .1
.1
.2
16 .1
.2
.2
18 .2
.2
.3
20 .2
.3
.3
22 .3
.3
.4
24 .3
.4
.5
26 .4
.5
.6
28 .4
.5
.6
30 .5
.6
.7
32 .6
.7
.8
34 .6
.8
.9
36 .7
.9
1.0
38 .8 1.0
1.0
40 .9 1.0
1.3
14
0.02
.03
.06
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.6
.7
.9
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
16
0.02
.04
.07
.1
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6
.7
.9
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
18
0.02
.04
.08
.1
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
20
0.02
.05
.09
.1
.2
.3
.3
.4
.5
.7
.8
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
22
0.02
.05
.1
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.4
24
0.03
.06
.1
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.7
.8
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.6
26
0.03
.06
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.8
28
0.03
.07
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.8
.9
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.0
30
0.03
.07
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
32
0.03
.08
.1
.2
.3
.4
.6
.7
.9
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.5
34
0.04
.08
.2
.2
.3
.5
.6
.8
.9
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.7
36
0.04
.08
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.5
4.0
38
0.04
.09
.2
.3
.4
.5
.7
.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.7
4.2
40
0.04
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.7
.9
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.5
4.0
4.4
5
MIXED CONIFER―PINE
Size Class 4
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: Mixed Conifer―Pine
Code Symbol: MP
Dominant Species: ponderosa pine Associates: incense-cedar, white fir, douglas-fir, sugar pine Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
7
1-MP-4
8
Data Sheet
1-MP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
1.5
.8
1.5
0
0
9
98
66
150
0
0
Total
3.9
323
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
35
90
40
2105
5109
1364
8578
212
0.04
44
1.4
100
11
89
9
2-MP-4
10
Data Sheet
2-MP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.4
2.1
1.1
3.3
1.9
0
30
136
89
300
202
0
Total
8.8
757
Comments:
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft')
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
63
120
42
5580
22268
5946
33794
924
0.08
61
1.0
80
40
60
11
3-MP-4
12
Data Sheet
3-MP-4
Stand Information
Average diameter
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight Volume
(tons)
(ft3)
0.4
1.6
1.2
1.6
5.9
1.9
28
112
94
146
548
150
12.6
1078
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
33
90
45
1870
4531
1210
7611
188
0.07
53
1.0
84
62
38
13
4-MP-4
14
Data Sheet
4-MP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.6
1.4
1.2
1.7
10.4
12.9
40
90
95
166
959
1294
Total
28.2
2644
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
24
65
32
998
1711
457
3166
71
0.14
72
.8
78
38
62
15
5-MP-4
16
Data Sheet
5-MP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
1.0
2.1
4.8
5.6
19.2
13.9
64
137
385
545
2019
1487
Total
46.6
4637
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
34
138
77
1985
7567
2020
11572
314
0.33
99
2.4
50
7
93
17
MIXED CONIFER―FIR
Size Class 4
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: Mixed Conifer―Fir
Code Symbol: MF
Dominant Species: white fir
Associates: sugar pine, incense-cedar, ponderosa
pine, red fir
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
19
1-MF-4
20
Data Sheet
1-MF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 - 20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
1.0
2.2
3.6
2.4
.9
0
65
144
292
247
98
0
10.1
846
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
26
145
53
962
4528
1467
6957
196
0.25
100
2.6
100
15
85
21
2-MF-4
22
Data Sheet
2-MF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 - 20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
1.3
2.9
5.6
3.5
1.6
1.5
90
190
452
342
171
164
16.4
1409
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
30
107
49
1210
3927
1272
6409
170
0.38
99
4.0
100
18
82
23
3-MF-4
24
Data Sheet
3-M F-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Volume
(ft3)
0.8
1.6
3.4
2.2
8.8
6.1
53
106
271
215
857
651
22.9
2153
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
40
184
96
1920
13098
4244
19262
567
0.25
100
2.6
100
15
85
25
4-MF-4
26
Data Sheet
4-MF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.7
2.1
3.3
2.3
14.4
16.4
47
140
264
214
1493
1752
Total
39.2
3910
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
38
139
78
1770
8501
2754
13025
368
0.4
100
3.4
100
8
92
27
5-MF-4
28
Data Sheet
5-MF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.7
1.5
2.9
3.4
23.0
23.4
47
100
232
339
2425
2447
Total
54.9
5590
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
37
158
74
1700
9517
3084
14301
412
0.5
100
3.3
99
8
92
29
PONDEROSA PINE
Size Class 2
A Series of Four Levels
CALVEG Series: Ponderosa Pine
Code Symbol: PP
Dominant Species: ponderosa pine
Associates: Douglas-fir, Jeffrey pine, incense-cedar,
black oak
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
31
1-PP-2
32
Data Sheet
1-PP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.2
.5
1.4
.8
0
0
11
31
109
63
0
214
Total
2.9
214
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
8
39
13
98
85
18
201
3
0.3
44
1.8
96
89
11
33
2-PP-2
34
Data Sheet
2-PP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.3
.3
.5
3.2
0
4
24
20
41
325
0
Total
4.4
414
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
7
25
14
73
41
9
123
2
0.83
17
1.3
78
20
80
35
3-PP-2
36
Data Sheet
3-PP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.5
.7
.9
4.0
0
3
33
52
68
382
0
Total
6.2
538
Comments: Because an abundance of size
class 1 trees was encountered in the sampling plots, the average diameter works
out to be less than size class 2. There are a
substantial number of size class 2 trees in
the plot.
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
5
(ft)
17
14
(lb)
32
18
4
54
1
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.19
12
.75
46
52
48
37
4-PP-2
38
Data Sheet
4-PP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Volume
(ft3)
0.5
1.1
2.1
5.5
.7
0
34
76
171
543
73
0
9.9
897
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
9
35
11
125
105
22
252
4
0.64
77
3.0
100
29
71
39
PONDEROSA PINE
Size Class 3
A Series of Four Levels
CALVEG Series: Ponderosa Pine
Code Symbol: PP
Dominant Species: ponderosa pine
Associates: Douglas-fir, Jeffrey pine, incense-cedar,
black oak
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
41
1-PP-3
42
Data Sheet
1-PP-3
Stand Information
Average diameter
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.2
.4
1.1
0
0
4
12
28
110
0
0
Total
1.8
155
Comments:
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
19
(ft)
55
22
(lb)
688
963
201
1852
39
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.08
17
2.2
90
17
83
43
2-PP-3
44
Data Sheet
2-PP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.2
.6
.8
.1
1.3
0
13
42
66
10
134
0
Total
3.0
265
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
18
49
31
611
775
162
1548
31
0.12
33
2.0
86
9
91
45
3-PP-3
46
Data Sheet
3-PP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.2
.5
1.1
1.5
1.7
0
12
33
90
155
185
0
Total
5.0
475
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
16
59
36
473
725
152
1350
29
0.16
37
2.0
98
11
89
47
4-PP-3
48
Data Sheet
4-PP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.9
1.5
2.5
1.1
2.3
5
63
119
241
88
186
Total
8.4
702
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
17
70
45
540
1000
209
1749
40
0.07
23
1.9
100
76
24
49
PONDEROSA PINE
Size Class 4
A Series of Three Levels
CALVEG Series: Ponderosa Pine
Code Symbol: PP
Dominant Species: ponderosa pine
Associates: Douglas-fir, Jeffrey pine, incense-cedar,
black oak
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
51
1-PP-4
52
Data Sheet
1-PP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.7
.4
.9
1.4
0
3
47
30
85
131
0
Total
3.5
296
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
27
52
23
1490
1825
381
3696
73
0.01
15
1.0
78
51
49
53
2-PP-4
54
Data Sheet
2-PP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.002
1.0
2.0
1.8
.9
0
67
156
152
72
0
.1
5.7
447.1
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
25
88
36
1260
2800
585
4645
112
0.03
23
1.6
100
92
8
55
3-PP-4
56
Data Sheet
3-PP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.3
1.4
1.8
1.5
5.0
0
20
96
142
148
457
0
10.0
863
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
37
116
68
3010
8425
1761
13196
337
0.18
43
2.0
88
49
51
57
LODGEPOLE PINE
Size Class 2
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: Lodgepole Pine
Code Symbol: LP
Dominant Species: lodgepole pine
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
59
1-LP-2
60
1-LP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.3
.6
.8
.5
.3
0
19
42
62
51
29
0
2.5
203
Comments: Because an abundance of size
class 1 trees was encountered in the sampling plots, the average diameter works
out to be less than size class 2. There are a
substantial number of size class 2 trees in
the plot.
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
4
28
14
(lb)
21
31
4
56
1
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.28
49
.8
80
16
84
61
2-LP-2
62
Data Sheet
2-LP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 -+
0.1
.7
1.2
.4
1.8
0
6
48
98
43
197
0
Total
4.2
392
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
6
21
13
(lb)
34
41
5
80
2
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.01
15
.5
64
2
98
63
3-LP-2
64
Data Sheet
3-LP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.4
.4
1.0
4.1
1.3
5.8
27
26
79
346
140
619
13.0
1237
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
5
30
16
(lb)
26
44
5
75
2
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.56
73
2.0
100
31
69
65
4-LP-2
66
Data Sheet
4-LP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.2
2.5
2.5
8.3
3.2
0
13
164
196
675
276
0
16.7
1324
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
10
46
27
106
256
29
391
10
0.12
53
.84
100
91
9
67
5-LP-2
68
Data Sheet
5-LP-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.9
2.9
10.5
15.4
2.7
0
61
191
844
1296
254
0
Total
32.4
2646
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
6
48
15
41
106
22
169
4
1.14
93
2.4
94
79
21
69
LODGEPOLE PINE
Size Class 3
A Series of Four Levels
CALVEG Series: Lodgepole Pine
Code Symbol: LP
Dominant Species: lodgepole pine
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
71
1-LP-3
72
Data Sheet
1-LP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.3
.4
.2
1.5
0
0
21
25
20
142
0
0
Total
2.4
208
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
17
90
35
289
1792
204
2285
70
0.11
29
.4
98
40
60
73
2-LP-3
74
Data Sheet
2-LP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.4
.7
1.7
4.4
0
5
25
55
134
373
0
Total
7.3
592
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
11
49
21
122
322
37
481
13
0.07
17
.3
62
84
16
75
3-LP-3
76
Data Sheet
3-LP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.2
1.8
1.6
6.3
1.9
0
15
122
126
519
153
0
11.8
935
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
12
57
20
150
463
53
666
18
0.06
54
.7
70
96
4
77
4-LP-3
78
Data Sheet
4-LP-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.4
1.0
3.4
11.2
7.4
0
29
69
275
940
673
0
Total
23.4
1986
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
12
50
18
264
422
48
734
17
0.79
83
1.1
98
75
25
79
LODGEPOLE PINE
Size Class 4
One Level
CALVEG Series: Lodgepole Pine
Code Symbol: LP
Dominant Species: lodgepole pine
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
81
1-LP-4
82
Data Sheet
1-LP-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.1
.4
.2
1.6
.6
4.7
9
23
12
131
66
502
Total
7.6
743
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
24
90
53
553
2893
330
3776
113
0.05
16
.3
72
20
80
83
WHITE FIR
Size Class 2
A Series of Four Levels
CALVEG Series: White Fir
Code Symbol: WF
Dominant Species: white fir
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
85
1-WF-2
86
Data Sheet
1-WF-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.3
.7
2.4
4.6
.3
0
22
47
192
436
30
0
Total
8.3
727
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
8
38
14
113
114
37
264
5
0.79
100
3.0
100
39
61
87
2-WF-2
88
Data Sheet
2-WF-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.7
2.1
5.2
2.2
0
0
43
142
416
180
0
0
10.2
781
Comments: Because an abundance of size
class 1 trees was encountered in the sampling plot, the average diameter works out
to be less than size class 2. There are a
substantial number of size class 2 trees in
the plot.
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
5
26
12
(lb)
48
29
9
86
1
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.23
79
1.2
96
95
5
89
3-WF-2
90
Data Sheet
3-WF-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.9
2.2
5.1
6.4
0
0
59
149
405
566
0
0
14.6
1179
Comments: Because an abundance of size
class 1 trees was encountered in the sampling plots, the average diameter works out
to be less than size class 2. There are a
substantial number of size class 2 trees in
the plot.
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
5
31
9
(lb)
49
34
11
94
1
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
0.27
92
1.7
98
70
30
91
4-WF-2
92
Data Sheet
4-WF-2
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.9
2.5
3.2
13.1
1.4
0
61
169
259
1117
123
0
Total
21.1
1729
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
6
27
10
60
46
15
121
2
0.2
73
2.2
100
81
19
93
WHITE FIR
Size Class 3
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: White Fir
Code Symbol: WF
Dominant Species: white fir
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
95
1-WF-3
96
Data Sheet
1-WF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.6
3.2
2.1
2.2
2.6
0
38
216
168
181
214
0
10.7
817
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
13
52
23
256
114
352
722
16
0.14
69
1.7
100
91
9
97
2-WF-3
98
Data Sheet
2-WF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
1.0
4.5
2.6
6.3
.4
0
66
299
212
562
30
0
14.8
1169
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
13
56
27
292
457
148
897
19
0.18
88
1.8
100
71
29
99
3-WF-3
100
Data Sheet
3-WF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.9
1.8
2.2
10.3
1.1
1.6
59
118
172
920
96
131
Total
17.9
1496
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
12
85
27
236
559
181
976
23
1.29
97
3.8
100
71
29
101
4-WF-3
102
Data Sheet
4-WF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.7
1.4
2.2
6.8
13.5
5.0
44
94
176
677
1279
530
Total
29.6
2800
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
22
103
41
736
2211
716
3663
91
0.43
95
2.7
100
31
69
103
5-WF-3
104
Data Sheet
5-WF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.8
3.5
3.0
13.0
10.8
4.6
51
232
267
1088
911
365
Total
35.7
2914
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
16
63
33
400
693
225
1318
29
0.12
79
1.5
98
87
13
105
WHITE FIR
Size Class 4
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: White Fir
Code Symbol: WF
Dominant Species: white fir
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
107
1-WF-4
108
Data Sheet
1-WF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.7
1.6
1.7
.7
3.1
1.6
49
109
137
62
322
172
Total
9.4
851
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
33
76
48
1410
3511
1138
6059
152
1.40
83
2.0
86
21
79
109
2-WF-4
110
Data Sheet
2-WF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
1.0
3.7
2.4
6.1
1.7
0
65
250
196
553
185
0
14.9
1249
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
21
82
24
683
1525
494
2702
66
0.2
96
.8
100
45
55
111
3-WF-4
112
Data Sheet
3-WF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.5
1.2
4.5
7.1
4.9
3.3
35
80
357
629
446
349
21.5
1896
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
27
113
33
1020
3419
1108
5547
148
1.1
97
2.5
98
49
51
113
4-WF-4
114
Data Sheet
4-WF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.6
2.0
1.8
.3
17.3
5.4
40
134
144
24
1515
433
Total
27.4
2290
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
38
88
43
1770
5567
1804
9141
241
0.09
68
10.2
92
79
21
115
5-WF-4
116
Data Sheet
5-WF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
1.0
3.8
3.6
4.9
22.5
8.6
63
251
291
440
2038
681
44.4
3764
Total
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
28
102
17
1080
3350
1085
5515
145
0.19
87
2.0
98
70
30
117
RED FIR
Size Class 3
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: Red Fir
Code Symbol: RF
Dominant Species: red fir
Associates: lodgepole pine
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
119
1-RF-3
120
Data Sheet
1-RF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.4
1.8
1.1
.7
1.1
0
28
120
90
59
88
0
Total
5.1
385
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
16
88
50
416
1128
365
1909
48
0.07
44
.7
72
86
14
121
2-RF-3
122
Data Sheet
2-RF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
1.1
2.8
.8
2.9
1.8
0
70
184
67
271
179
0
Total
9.4
771
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
12
57
33
244
400
130
774
17
0.59
88
3.0
100
41
59
123
3-RF-3
124
Data Sheet
3-RF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.5
1.8
2.3
5.3
7.5
0
35
122
184
512
638
0
17.4
1491
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
19
83
30
581
1360
441
2382
57
0.57
99
2.0
98
64
36
125
4-RF-3
126
Data Sheet
4-RF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.9
4.0
7.6
4.7
9.0
0
62
267
611
430
778
0
26.2
2148
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
19
80
15
581
1349
437
2367
57
0.57
96
2.6
96
69
31
127
5-RF-3
128
Data Sheet
5-RF-3
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.7
2.6
5.4
15.8
7.0
0
46
171
432
1412
587
0
Total
31.5
2648
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
16
78
25
416
962
312
1690
41
1.16
99
1.7
86
72
28
129
RED FIR
Size Class 4
A Series of Five Levels
CALVEG Series: Red Fir
Code Symbol: RF
Dominant Species: red fir
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
131
1-RF-4
132
Data Sheet
1-RF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.01
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.9
3.1
3.0
1.0
.8
0
58
206
243
105
86
0
Total
8.8
698
Comments:
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
31
80
58
1280
3303
1070
5653
143
0.34
89
1.3
86
0
100
133
2-RF-4
134
Data Sheet
2-RF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
1.2
3.2
4.2
5.1
2.1
0
77
214
336
462
203
0
15.8
1292
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
26
109
41
962
3165
1025
5152
137
0.83
100
4.5
100
54
46
135
3-RF-4
136
Data Sheet
3-RF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.7
2.8
5.6
4.7
7.4
0
45
186
445
454
662
0
21.2
1792
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
28
115
32
1080
3835
1243
6158
166
0.72
93
2.0
100
55
45
137
4-RF-4
138
Data Sheet
4-RF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.2
1.5
3.5
2.2
23.8
0
16
97
279
187
2057
0
Total
31.2
2636
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft)
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
39
101
62
1850
6491
2103
10444
281
0.09
65
.6
70
76
24
139
5-RF-4
140
Data Sheet
5-RF-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
Weight
(tons)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
0.3
2.2
3.2
3.3
21.7
10.8
19
150
255
291
1980
990
Total
41.5
3685
Comments:
Volume
(ft3)
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
34
100
50
1480
4943
1602
8025
214
0.1
76
1.4
96
58
42
141
MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK
Size Class 4
One Level
CALVEG Series: Mountain Hemlock
Code Symbol: MH
Dominant Species: mountain hemlock
Associates: (pure stand)
Reminders to users:
• The marker in these photos is 1 foot square and the pole is
painted in contrasting colors at 1-foot intervals to provide
perspective.
• Stumps are not included in residue quantities.
• Rotted residue is that which would come apart or splinter
when kicked.
143
1-MH-4
144
Data Sheet
1-MH-4
Dead and Downed Fuel Loadings
(per acre)
Size class
(inches)
0.0 - 0.25
0.26- 1.0
1.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 9.0
9.1 -20.0
20.1 +
Total
Comments:
Weight
(tons)
Volume
(ft3)
0.3
.6
1.1
1.1
8.1
3.0
21
42
87
109
719
316
14.2
1294
Stand Information
Average diameter
Average tree height
Average crown length
Total crown weight per tree
(includes unmerchantable top
to 4 inches)
Bole weight per tree
Bark weight per tree
Total weight per tree
Bole volume per tree
Residue Measurements
Average residue depth
Ground area covered by residue
Average duff and litter depth
Ground area covered by duff and litter
Sound residue 3.1 inches and larger
Rotten residue 3.1 inches and larger
(inches)
(ft)
(lb)
(ft3)
(ft )
(pct.)
(inches)
(pct.)
28
79
58
873
2929
586
4388
97
0.13
63
.9
96
55
45
145
The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
. . . Conducts forest and range research at more than 75 locations from Puerto Rico to
Alaska and Hawaii.
. . . Participates with all State forestry agencies in cooperative programs to protect and
improve the Nation's 395 million acres of State, local, and private forest lands.
. . . Manages and protects the 187-million-acre National Forest System for sustained
yield of its many products and services.
The Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
. . . Represents the research branch of the Forest Service in California, Hawaii, and the
western Pacific.
Blonski, Kenneth S.; Schramel, John L. Photo series for quantifying natural forest residues:
southern Cascades, northern Sierra Nevada. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-56. Berkeley, CA:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture; 1981. 145 p.
A total of 56 photographs shows different levels of natural fuel loadings for selected size classes
in seven forest types of the southern Cascade and northern Sierra-Nevada ranges. Data provided
with each photo include size, weight, volumes, residue depths, and percent of ground coverage.
Stand information includes sizes, weights, and volumes of the trees sampled for the inventory.
Instructions for using the photos to describe natural fuel accumulations are provided.
Retrieval Terms: forest residues, fuel loading, ground fuels, measurement, photointerpretation,
Sierra Nevada (northern), Cascade Range (southern)