/v0
A3
FOREST
;_jNSECT & DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
USDA • FOREST SERVICE • NORTHERN REGION
State & Private Forestry • Missoula, MT 59801
Report No. 79-2
3450
January 1979
R-1 FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE
DAMAGE SURVEY SYSTEM
By
Wayne E. Bousfield, Entomologist
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of insect and disease damage surveys is to estimate losses
caused by various pests so that the land manager can prescribe appropriate management action.
Systematic ground data collection systems provide to the land manager
loss data that can be used for cost benefit analysis, management plans,
environmental impact statements, and for projecting losses at a forest
lev . The survey data could be integrated into timber management
pla
to fill voids in stand models to predict losses. This handbook
des ibes field data collection procedures and data recording necessar to operate the supporting computer program "INDIDS" (Insect and
Disease Damage Survey).
SURVEY TYPES
Usually, the land manager has only one specific pest in mind when
conducting loss surveys. This system, however, provides for four
specific pest types: (1) Bark beetles, (2) defoliators, (3) disease,
(4) noninfectious disease. Data can be collected for all four types
at the same time if desired, but analyzed separately using the computer program "INDIDS" for the different options. The program provides
detailed mensurational data of stands by species, size class, and
damage class of designated survey type and aggregates other problems
in one column. Detailed statistics on other problems can be obtained
by running the option desired. Each sample tree in the survey,
however, is limited to three pest problems or severity.
410
•
Type plot:
1 = Variable plot for trees >5" d.b.h. In addition, trees
<5" are recorded on the 1/300-acre plot. di
2 = Fixed plot for trees >5" d.b.h. In addition, trees
<5" d.b.h. are recorded on the 1/300-acre plot.
Size plot: Enter BA factor or, 4 for 1/4, 5 for 1/5 for fixed plots.
Example of BAF 40 would be recorded as 4 0
or 1/5-acre fixed plot would be recorded as 0 5
Green tree plots: Enter number sampled plots where green tree data
was recorded. If green tree data was recorded on all plots then
green tree plots would equal total plots.
•
Total plots: Enter total number of plots used in sampling the stand
including green stand plots. Include all plots even if some had no
trees.
•
Plot cards
Ident code: Use same as header card. Example: 1 0 3
Plot: Plot number in sequence. Do not duplicate plot numbers within a stand. Example 0 1 for first plot.
IP
••
HAB: Habitat type for plot. Use Montana valid habitat type numbers.
Example:
5 2 1 for grand fir/Clintonia uniflora phase (appendix I)
Species: Use valid species code. Left adjusted. Appendix II.
Examples White pine WPP,_
Larch, L .
D.b.h.: Enter d.b.h. to nearest 1/10 inch, right adjusted. For
example, a tree 12.3 inches in diameter is recorded as 1 2,3.
Height: The height of trees sampled for height measurements is
entered to the nearest foot, right adjusted.
Age: or tree number if identity is needed. Age measurements are
optional (to be added later to Program).
10-year growth: Last 10 years' radial growth in inches (two decimals
assumed) right adjusted. Example of 1.05" 1 05,,
Example of .23" .2,3,
Y-year growth: Radial growth measurements for the period of
infestation. Not less than 2 years and not to exceed the last 10
years (two decimals assumed, right adjusted)
X-year growth: Radial growth measurement of the period of normal
growth (two decimals assumed, right adjusted) (figure 3).
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June 1977
--Montana forest
•
habitat types and phases
code'
Abbreviation
PINUS PLEXILIS CLIMAX SERIES
Out)
PIFL/AGSP h.t.
PIFL/FEID h.t.
-FFID phase
-FESC phase
PIFL/JUCO h.t.
010
050
051
032
070
Pinus flexilis/Agropyron spicatum h.t.
Pinus flexilis/Festuca idahoensis h.t.
-Festuca idahoensis phase
-Festuca scabrella phase
Pinus flexilis/Juniperus communis h.t.
100
limber pine/bluebunch wheatgrass
limber pine/Idaho fescue
-Idaho fescue phase
-rough fescue phase
limber pine/common juniper
PINUS PONDEROSA CLIMAX SERIES
110
130
140
141
142
160
161
PIPO/AND h.t.2
PIPO/AGSP h.t.
PIPO/FEID h.t.
-FEID phase
-FESC phase
PIPO/PUIR h.t.
-AGSP phase
Pious ponderosa/Andropogon spp. h.t.
Pinus pondcrosa/Agropyron spicatum h.t.
Pinus ponderosa/Festuca idahoensis' h.t.
-Festuca idahoensis phase
-Festuca scabrella phase
Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata h.t.
-Agropyron spicatum phase
162
170
171
172
-HAD phase
PIPO/SYAL h.t.
-SYAL phase
-BERE phase
-Festuca idahoensis phase
Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos albus h.t.
-Symphoricarpos albus phase
-Berberis repens phase
180
181
182
PIPO/PRVI h.t.
-PRV1 phase
-SIICA phase
Pinus ponderosa/Prunus virginiana h.t.
-Prunus virginiana phase
-Shepherdia canadensis phase
200
210
220
230
250
260
261
262
280
281
282
283
290
291
292
293
310
311
PSME/AGSP h.t.
PSME/FEID h.t.
PSME/FESC h.t.
PSME/VACA h.t.
PSME/PIBL• h.t.
-P1IMA phase
-CARU phase
PSME/VAGL h.t.
-VAGL phase
-ARUV phase
-XETE phase
PSME/LIBO h.t.
-SYAL phase
-CARU phase
-VAGL phase
PSME/SYAL h.t.
-AGSP phase
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
312
313
320
321
-CARU
-SYAL
PSME/CARU
-AGSP
phase
phase
h.t.
phase
-Calamagrostis rubescens phase
-Symphoricarpos albus phase
Pseudotsuga menziesii/Calamagrostis rubescens h.t.
-Agropyron spicatum phase
323
324
330
340
350
360
370
380
-ARUV phase
-CARU phase
-PIPO phase
PSME/CAGE h.t.
PSME/SPBE h.t.
PSINE/ARI1V h.t.
PSME/JUCO h.t.
PSME/ARCO h.t.
PSME/SYOR h.t.2
-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi phase
-Calamagrostis rubescens phase
-Pinus ponderosa phase
menziesii/Carex geyeri h.t.
menziesii/Spiraea betulifolia h.t.
menziesii/Arctostaphylos uva-ursi h.t.
menziesii/Juniperus communis h.t.
menziesii/Arnica cordifolia h.t.
menziesii/Symphoricarpos oreophilus h.t
410
420
421
422
430
440
450
460
461
41,2
470
480
menziesii/Agropyron spicatum h.t.
menziesii/Festuca idahoensis h.t.
menziesii/Festuca scabrella h.t.
menziesii/Vaccinium caespitosum h.t.
menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus h.t.
-Physocarpus malvaceus phase
-Calamagrostis rubescens phase
Pseudotsuga menziesii/Vaccinium globulare h.t.
-Vaccinium globulare phase
-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi phase
-Xerophyllum tenax phase
Pseudotsuga menziesii/Linnaea borealis h.t.
-Symphoricarpos albus phase
-Calamagrostis rubescens phase
-Vaccinium globulare phase
Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus h.t.
-Agropyron spicatum phase
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Douglas-fir/bluebunch wheatgrass
Douglas-fir/Idaho fescue
Douglas-fir/rough fescue
Douglas-fir/dwarf huckleberry
Douglas-fir/ninebark
-ninebark phase
-pinegrass phase
Douglas-fir/blue huckleberry
-blue huckleberry phase
-kinnikinnick phase
-beargrass phase
Douglas-fir/twinflower
-snowberry phase
-pinegrass phase
-blue huckleberry phase
Douglas-fir/snowberry
-bluebunch wheatgrass
phase
-pinegrass phase
-snowberry phase
Douglas-fir/pinegrass
-bluebunch wheatgrass
phase
-kinnikinnick phase
-pinegrass phase
-ponderosa pine phase
Douglas-fir/elk sedge
Douglas-fir/white spiraea
Douglas-fir/kinnikinnick
Douglas-fir/common juniper
Douglas-fir/heartleaf arnica
Douglas-fir/mountain snowberry
PICEA CLIMAX SERIES
PICEA/EQAR h.t
PICEA/CLUN h.t.
-VACA phase
-CLUN phase
PICEAMBM h.t.
PICEA/GATR h.t.
PICEA/VACA h.t.
PICEA/SEST h.t.
-PSME phase
-PICEA phase
PICEA/LIBO h.t.
PICEA/SMST h.t.
Picea/Equisctum arvense h.t.
Picea/Clintonia uniflora h.t.
-Vaccinium caespitosum phase
-Clintonia uniflora phase
Picea/Physocarpus malvaceus h.t.
Picca/Galium triflurum h.t.
Picea/Vaccinium caespitosum h.t.
Picea/Senecio streptanthifolius h.t.
-Pseudotsuga menziesii phase
-Picea phase
Picca/Linnaea borealis h.t.
Picea/Smilacina stellata h.t.
spruce/common horsetail
spruce/queencup beadlily
-dwarf huckleberry phase
-queencup beadlily phase
spruce/ninebark
spruce/sweetscented bedstraw
spruce/dwarf huckleberry
spruce/cleft-leaf groundsel
-Douglas-fir phase
-spruce phase
spruce/twinflower
spruce/starry Solomon's seal
ABIES GRAND'S CLIMAX SERIES
500
510
520
521
522
823
590
591
so ,
ponderosa pine/bluestem
ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass
ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue
-Idaho fescue phase
-rough fescue phase
ponderosa pine/bitterbrush
-bluebunch wheatgrass
phase
-Idaho fescue phase
ponderosa pine/snowberry
-snowberry phase
-creeping Oregon
grape phase
ponderosa pine/chokecherry
-chokecherry phase
-buffaloberry phase
PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII CLIMAX SERIES
400
4
Common names
Scientific names
SCREE.
010
*
habitat types
ABGR/XETE h.t.
ABGR/CLUN h.t.
-CLUN phase
-ARNU phase
-XETE phase
ABGR/LIBO h.t.
-L1BO phase
-XETE phase
Abies grandis/Xerophyllum tenax h.t.
Abies grandis/Clintonia uniflora h.t.
-Clintonia uniflora phase
Aralia nudicaulis phase
-Xerophyllum tenax phase
Abies grandis/Linnaea borealis h.t.
-Linnaea borealis phase
-Xerophyllum tenax phase
grand fir/beargrass
grand fir/queencup beadlily
-queencup beadlily phase
-wild sarsaparilla phase
-beargrass phase
grand fir/twinflower
-twinflower phase
-beargrass phase
(con.)
-9-
ADP code)
Habit:at types imilthases
Abbreviation
Scientific names
501
COMAIM/1
THUJA PLICATA CLIMAX SERIES
530
531
THPL/CLUN h.t.
-CLUN phase
Thuja plicata/Clintonia uniflora h t.
-Clintonia uniflora phase
western redcedar/queencup headlily
-qucencup beadlily
phase
-wild sarsaparilla
phase
-menzicsia phase
western redcedar/devil's club
532
-ARNU phase
533
550
-MEFE phase
THPL/OPHO h.t.
-Menziesia ferruginea phase
Thuja plicata/Oplopanax horridum h.t.
TSHE/CLUN h.t.
-CLUN phase
Tsuga heterophylla/Clintonia uniflora h.t.
-Clintonia uniflora phase
-Aralia nudicaulis phase
502
•
•
•
TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA CLIMAX SERIES
570
571
572
n4mes
-ARNU phase
western hemlock/queencup beadlily
-queencup beadlily
phase
-wild sarsaparillh
phase
-Aralia nudicaulis phase
600
•
ABIES LASIOCARPA CLIMAX SERIES
700
Lower subalpine h.t.s
625
630
640
650
651
653
ABLA/OPHO h.t.
ABLA/CLUN h.t.
-CLUN phase
-ARNU phase
-VACA phase
-XETE phase
-MEFE phase
ABLA/GATR h.t.
ABLA/VACA h.t.
ABLA/CACA h.t.
-CACA phase
-GATR phase
Abies lasiocarpa/Oplopanax horridum h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Clintonia uniflora h.t.
-Clintonia unifl ,,ra phase
-Aralia nudicaulis phase
-Vaccinium caespitosum phase
-Xerophyllum tenax phase
-Menziesia ferruginea phase
Abies lasiocarpa/Galium triflorum h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium caespitosum h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Calamagrostis canadensis h.t.
-Calamagrostis canadensis phase
-Galium triflorum phase
654
660
661
662
663
670
680
690
691
-.VACA phase
ABLA/LIBO h.t.
-LIBO phase
-XETE phase
-VASC phase
ABLA/MEFE h.t.
TSME/MEFE h.t.
ABLA/XETE h.t.
-VAGL phase
-Vaccinium caespitosum phase
Abies lasiocarpa/Linnaea borealis h.t.
-Linnaea borealis phase
-Xerophyllum tenax phase
-Vaccinium scoparium phase
Abies lasiocarpa/Menziesia ferruginea h.t.
Tsuga mertensiana/Menziesia ferruginea h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Xerophyllum tenax h.t.
-Vaccinium globulare phase
610
623
621
622
623
624
692
-VASC phase
TSME/XETE
ABLA/VAGL
ABLA/VASC
-CARU
-VASC
710
720
730
731
732
-Vaccinium scoparium phase
-THOC phase
740
750
770
780
790
791
792
ABLA/ALS1 h.t.
ABLA/CARU h.t.
ABLA/CLPS h.t.
ABLA/ARCO h.t.
ABLA/CAGE h.t.2
-CAGE phase
-PSME phase
-Thalictrum occidentale phase
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
800
•
49
•
•
lasiocarpa/Alnus sinuata h.t.
lasiocarpa/Calamagrostis rubescens h.t.
lasiocarpa/Clematis pseudoalpina h.t.
lasiocarpa/Arnica cordifolia h.t.
lasiocarpa/Carex geyeri h.t.
-Carex geyeri phase
-Pseudotsuga menziesii phase
Upper subalpine h.t.s
830
831
ABLA/RIMO h.t.2
ABLA-PIAL/VASC
h.t.
ABLA/LUHI
-VASC phase
Abies lasiocarpa/Ribes montigenum h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa-Pinus albicaulis/Vaccinium
scoparium h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Luzula hitchcockii h.t.
-Vaccinium scoparium phase
812
840
841
-MEFE phase
TSME/LUHI h.t.2
-VASC phase
-Menziesia ferruginea phase
Tsuga mertensiana/Luzula hitchcockii h.t.
-Vaccinium scoparium phase
810
820
842
•
mountain hemlock/bcargrass
subalpine fir/blue huckleberry
subalpine fir/grouse whortleberry
-pinegrass phase
-grouse whortleberry
phase
•
-western mcadowrue
phase
subalpine fir/Sitka alder
subalpine fir/pinegrass
subalpine fir/virgin's bower
subalpine fir/heartleaf arnica
subalpine fir/elk sedge
-elk sedge phase
-Douglas-fir phase
Tsuga mertensiana/Xerophyllum tenax h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium globulare h.t.
Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium scoparium h.t.
-Calamagrostis rubescens phase
-Vaccinium scoparium phase
h.t.
h.t.
h.t.
phase
phase
733
subalpine fir/devil's club
subalpine fir/queencup beadlily
-queencup beadlily phase
-wild sarsaparilla phase
-dwarf huckleberry phase
-heargrass phase
-mcnziesia phase
subalpine fir/swcetscented bedstraw
subalpine fir/dwarf huckleberry
subalpine fir/bluejoint
-blucjoint phase
-swectscented bedstraw
phase
-dwarf huckleberry phase
subalpine fir/twinflower
-twinflower phase
-beargrass phase
-grouse whortleberry phase
subalpine fir/menziesia
mountain hemlock/menziesia
subalpine fir/bcargrass
-blue huckleberry
phase
-grouse whortleberry
phase
-Menziesia ferruginea phase
-MEFE phase
•
subalpine fir/mountain gooseberry
subalpine fir-whitebark pine/
grouse whortleberry
subalpine fir/smooth wood-rush
-grouse whortleberry
phase
-menziesia phase
mountain hemlock/smooth wood-rush
-grouse whortleberry
phase
-menziesia phase
Timberline h.t.s
890
PIAL-ABLA h.t.s
LALY-ABLA h.t.s
PIAL h.t.s
850
860
870
900
whitebark pine-subalpine fir
alpine larch-subalpine fir
whitebark pine
910
920
930
940
950
Pious albicaulis-Abies lasiocarpa h.t.s
Larix lyallii-Abies lasiocarpa h.t.s
Pinus albicaulis h.t.s
PINUS CONTORTA CLIMAX SERIES
PICO/PUTR h.t.
PICO/VACA c.t.
PICO/LIBO c.t.
PICO/VASC c.t.
PICO/CARU c.t.
Pinus contorta/Purshia tridentata h.t.
Pinus contorta/Vaccinium caespitosum c.t.
Pinus contorta/Linnaea borealis c.t.
Pious contorta/Vaccinium scoparium c.t.
Pious contorta/Calamagrostis rubescens c.t.
Total Number of Habitat Types • 64
lodgepole pine/bitterbrush
lodgepole pine/dwarf huckleberry
lodgepole pine/twinflower
lodgepole pine/grouse whortleberry
lodgepole pinc/pinegrass
4
•
•
Total Number of Habitat Typos, Phase, and Pinus contorts Community Type Categories • 105
1 Automatic data processing codes for National Forest System use.
2 Minor type in Montana; described in other study areas.
•
[w
APPENDIX II
0
Species Codes
•
•
n
V
•
•
GF = Grand fir
AF = Subalpine fir
J = Juniper
L = Larch
S = Spruce
WLP = White bark or limber pine
LP = Lodgepole pine
WP = Western white pine
PP = Ponderosa pine
DF = Douglas-fir
Y = Yew
C = Western redcedar
WH = Western hemlock
MH = Mountain hemlock
B = Birch
ASH = Ash
CW = Cottonwood
ASP = Aspen
OH = Other hardwoods
AL = Alpine larch
•
•
•
4
•
•
•
-11-
APPENDIX III
••
Damage Codes
•
Code
0
1
Healthy tree, no insect, disease, or damage problem
Unknown or natural mortality
Bark Beetles
2
3
4
5
6
Current beetle attack
Last year's attack
Older beetle attack
Unsuccessful attack
Secondary or other bark beetle attack
•
•
Defoliation
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Light defoliation (less than 10%)
Moderate defoliation (10-70%)
V.
Heavy defoliation (greater than 70%)
Light top kill (less than 10% top dead from repeated defoliation)
Moderate top kill (10-33% top dead)
• •
Heavy top kill (greater than 33% dead top)
Defoliator mortality (mortality caused by defoliators only)
Disease
14
15
16
17
•
Mistletoe infected
Mortality from mistletoe
Root rot
Mortality from abiotic causes
Noninfectious Disease
18
19
20
21
22
•
Light damage
Moderate damage
Heavy damage
Mortality from abiotic causes
Other damaging agents (fire scar, lightning, old spike top, etc.)
441
•
-12-
•
•
a
FIGURE. 2
FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE DAMAGE SURVEY
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