Federal Aviation
Administration
The Annual Compendium of
Commercial Space Transportation:
2012
February 2013
About FAA
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
YEAR AT A GLANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
64$0..&3$*"-03#*5"--"6/$)7&)*$-&4 0SCJUBM"OUBSFT 7
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SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
"3."%*--0"&3041"$&45*("/%):1&3*0/ #-6&03*(*//&84)&1"3% ."45&/41"$&4:45&.49"&30"/%90(%03 61"&3041"$&41"$&-0'5 7*3(*/("-"$5*$41"$&4)*1580 9$03"&3041"$&-:/9 05)&346#03#*5"-7&)*$-&4*/%&7&-01.&/5 ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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LAUNCH SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
COMMERCIAL VENTURES BEYOND EARTH ORBIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
-6/"3&''0354 $*4-6/"3&''0354 /&8&/(*/&5&$)/0-0(*&4 REGULATION AND POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The Commercial Space Transportation CompendiumCZUIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO
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launches in 2012
August 2012: NASA awarded Boeing, Sierra Nevada
(Dream Chaser, above), and SpaceX agreements to
develop capability to launch people to the ISS.
Russia
10
China
9
8
Europe
7
Sea Launch
3 (15%)
USA
2 (10%)
6
United States
5
10
9
9
Multinational
4
China
2 (10%)
20
Commercial orbital Russia
7 (35%)
launches in
2012
Europe
6 (30%)
7
3
2
1
Iran
6
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2012 ORBITAL LAUNCHES BY VEHICLE
October 2012: )LUVW)$$OLFHQVHGVXERUELWDOODXQFKIURPD
FRPPHUFLDOODXQFKVLWH$UPDGLOOR$HURVSDFHҋV67,*%IURP
Spaceport America).
October 2012: 7HVWÀULQJRI;&25$HURVSDFHҋVOLTXLG
R[\JHQNHURVHQHHQJLQHGHVWLQHGWRSRZHUWKHFRPSDQ\ҋV
Lynx suborbital reusable vehicle.
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L
Year at a Glance
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December 2012: Antares launch pad completed at Mid$WODQWLF5HJLRQDO6SDFHSRUW
December 2012: NASA signs $17.8M contract with Bigelow
$HURVSDFHWRSURYLGHDFRPPHUFLDOLQÁDWDEOHPRGXOHWRWKH,66E\
2015.
2
FAA-licensed launches of
SpaceX Falcon 9 to the ISS
2
FAA-licensed launches of Armadillo
Aerospace STIG-B
3
FAA-licensed launches of Sea
Launch Zenit 3SL
2
Flights conducted under FAA Experimental
3HUPLWVE\6SDFH;
2
)$$OLFHQVHGUHHQWU\HYHQWVIRU
SpaceX Dragon
1
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operation of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
October 2012: 6XFFHVVIXOWHVWRI%OXH2ULJLQҋVFUHZFDSVXOH
HVFDSHV\VWHPZKLFKUHDFKHGDQDOWLWXGHRIPHWHUVDQG
returned by parachute.
‡3‡
December 2012: 6HYHQVXFFHVVIXOJOLGHWHVWVRI6SDFH6KLS7ZR
DQGVXFFHVVIXO5RFNHW(QJLQH7ZRÀUHWHVWVVHWWKHVWDJHIRU
SRZHUHGWHVWÁLJKWVLQ
This page intentionally left blank.
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ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES
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WKH(DUWKRU6XQLQFOXGLQJ/(2*72662DQGWRRWKHU
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ZRUOGDUHH[SHQGDEOHURFNHWV
,Q$SULO2UELWDOIXOO\HUHFWHGWKHÀUVWVWDJHRIWKH$QWDUHVURFNHW
into a vertical position at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
(MARS).
Image credit: NASA
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UFDIOJDBMEFUBJMGPSFBDIWFIJDMFTZTUFNBSFJOUIF"QQFOEJYUPUIJTSFQPSU
U.S. COMMERCIAL ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES
5IFSFBSFmWFFYQFOEBCMFMBVODIWFIJDMFUZQFTBWBJMBCMFGPSDPNNFSDJBMVTF
JOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT1FHBTVT9-5BVSVT'BMDPO"UMBT7BOE%FMUB*75IF
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OFX64WFIJDMFTFYQFDUFEUPNBLFJOBVHVSBMMBVODIFTJO5IF"OUBSFT
XJMMCFDPNNFSDJBMMZBWBJMBCMFCVUUIFBWBJMBCJMJUZPG4VQFS4USZQJGPSDPNNFSDJBM
VTFJTVODFSUBJO
Year of First
Total
Active
Launch
Launches Launch Sites
Mass to GTO
kg (lb)
Mass to LEO
kg (lb)
."34
$$"'4
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Atlas V
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Operator
Vehicle
0SCJUBM
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Antares
0SCJUBM
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Table 1. U.S. Commercial Launch Vehicles
‡6‡
Mass to SSO
kg (lb)
Orbital Launch Vehicles
Orbital: Antares
0SCJUBMQMBOTUPMBVODIUIF"OUBSFTWFIJDMFBNFEJVNDMBTTPQUJPOGPS
DPNNFSDJBMDMJFOUTJOFBSMZ*OUIF/BUJPOBM"FSPOBVUJDTBOE4QBDF
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UP
SFDFJWFGVOEJOHVOEFSUIF$PNNFSDJBM0SCJUBM5SBOTQPSUBUJPO4FSWJDFT$054
QSPHSBN/"4"VMUJNBUFMZTFMFDUFE0SCJUBMBOEJUTDPNQFUJUPS4QBDF9UPQSPWJEF
DBSHPUSBOTQPSUBUJPOUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF4UBUJPO*44
VOEFSB$PNNFSDJBM
3FTVQQMZ4FSWJDFT$34
DPOUSBDU
5IF"OUBSFTJTUIFmSTUDSZPHFOJDBMMZGVFMFEWFIJDMFQSPEVDFECZ0SCJUBM
XIJDIVOUJMOPXIBTGPDVTFEPOTPMJEGVFMFETZTUFNTMJLF1FHBTVT5BVSVT
BOE.JOPUBVS5IF"OUBSFTDPOTJTUTPGBmSTUTUBHFQSPEVDFECZ6LSBJOJBO
:V[IOPZF%FTJHO0GmDF:V[IOPZF
XIJDIJTQPXFSFECZUXJO"FSPKFU"+
FOHJOFTEFSJWFEGSPNUIF3VTTJBO/,"DVTUPNFSDBOTFMFDUGSPNUXP
EJGGFSFOUTFDPOETUBHFTUIF$BTUPS9-PSUIF$BTUPS#CPUIGSPN"MMJBOU
5FDI4ZTUFNT"5,
0SCJUBMBMTPPGGFSTBOPQUJPOBM#J1SPQFMMBOU5IJSE4UBHF
#54
GPSIJHIFOFSHZQFSGPSNBODFOFFET5IFWFIJDMFJTUPQQFEPGGXJUIB
QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEBNFUFSGPPU
EJBNFUFSGBJSJOH4JYWBSJBOUTPGUIF
"OUBSFTXJMMCFBWBJMBCMFUPDVTUPNFST
#FHJOOJOHJO"OUBSFTnJHIUTXJMMUBLFQMBDFGSPN1BE"NBOBHFECZ
7JSHJOJBT.JE"UMBOUJD3FHJPOBM4QBDFQPSU."34
DPMPDBUFEBU/"4"T8BMMPQT
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Antares: 2012 Highlights
Renovation of Pad 0-A to accommodate the Antares concluded during 2012.
Among the new facilities is a liquid propellant and fueling system, which required
substantial testing to be approved by NASA for use. Orbital conducted a cold
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UP
BOEGSPNUIFWFIJDMF"IPUmSFUFTUPGUIF"OUBSFTWFIJDMFJTQMBOOFEJOFBSMZ
CFGPSFUIFmSTUUFTUnJHIU
NASA completed negotiations with Orbital to “on-ramp” the Antares as part of
UIFBHFODZT-BVODI4FSWJDFT**/-4**
QSPHSBNBDPOUSBDUJOHNFDIBOJTNUIBU
BMMPXT/"4"UPQSPDVSFRVBMJmFEMBVODIWFIJDMFTGPSTDJFODFNJTTJPOT
‡7‡
Antares launch vehicle
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Orbital: Pegasus XL
Pegasus XL launch
vehicle
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0SCJUBMT1FHBTVT9-JTBTNBMMDMBTTBJSMBVODIFEWFIJDMF*UJT
OPSNBMMZDPNQPTFEPGUISFFTPMJEQSPQFMMBOUTUBHFTNBOVGBDUVSFE
CZ"5,CVUJUNBZBMTPJODMVEFBO0SCJUBMCVJMUMJRVJEQSPQFMMBOU
)ZESB[JOF"VYJMJBSZ1SPQVMTJPO4ZTUFN)"14
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EFQFOEJOHPODVTUPNFSOFFET5IFWFIJDMFVTFTBNFUFS
GPPU
QBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFmSTUTFDPOEBOEUIJSETUBHFTBSF
NBOVGBDUVSFECZ"5,BOEJODMVEF0SJPO49-0SJPO9-BOE
0SJPONPUPSTSFTQFDUJWFMZ5IF0SJPO49-JTBMTPJOUFHSBUFE
XJUIBXJOHFOBCMJOHBFSPEZOBNJDnJHIUEVSJOHUIFMBVODIQIBTF5IFWFIJDMFJT
BJSESPQQFEGSPNB-PDLIFFECVJMU-BJSDSBGU
4JODFUIF1FHBTVT9-WFSTJPOIBTnPXOUJNFTXJUIGBJMVSFT
1FHBTVTIBTnPXODPOTFDVUJWFTVDDFTTGVMNJTTJPOTTJODF*UDBOCF
MBVODIFEGSPNBWBSJFUZPGTJUFTEVFUPUIFBJSMBVODIFEDBQBCJMJUZJODMVEJOHUIF
$BOBSZ*TMBOET$BQF$BOBWFSBM"JS'PSDF4UBUJPO$$"'4
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Pegasus XL: 2012 Highlights
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"SSBZ/V45"3
UP-&0PO+VOF
Orbital: Taurus
0SCJUBMBMTPPGGFSTUIFTNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMF5BVSVT*UDPOTJTUTPGGPVSTUBHFTUIF
mSTUTUBHF$BTUPSTFDPOETUBHF0SJPO4(9-UIJSETUBHF0SJPO9-
BOEUIFGPVSUITUBHF0SJPOPS45"3"MMPGUIF5BVSVTSPDLFUNPUPSTBSF
CVJMUCZ"5,0SCJUBMPGGFSTUXPQBZMPBEGBJSJOHTJODMVEJOHEJBNFUFSTPGFJUIFS
PSNFUFSTPSGFFU
4FWFSBMWBSJBUJPOTPGUIF5BVSVTBSFBWBJMBCMF
BMMPXJOH0SCJUBMUPNJYBOENBUDIEJGGFSFOUTUBHFTBOEGBJSJOHTUPBEESFTT
DVTUPNFSOFFET
5IF5BVSVTMBVODIFTGSPN4-$&BU7"'#GPSPSCJUBMNJTTJPOTUIPVHIJUNBZ
BMTPMBVODIGSPN4-$BU$$"'4JOUIFGVUVSF*UDBOBMTPMBVODIGSPNUIF
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODITJUFPO4PVUI7"'#BTXFMMBT1BE#BU8''
Taurus launch vehicle
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‡8‡
Orbital Launch Vehicles
SpaceX: Falcon 9
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QPXFSFECZOJOF4QBDF9.FSMJOFOHJOFTBTFDPOETUBHFQPXFSFECZBTJOHMF
.FSMJO7BDVVNFOHJOFBQBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEBMBSHFQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IF
'BMDPOJTBMTPEFTJHOFEUPMBVODIUIFDPNQBOZT%SBHPODBQTVMFXIJDI
EPFTOPUSFRVJSFBGBJSJOH4QBDF9JTDVSSFOUMZVQHSBEJOHUIF'BMDPOUIFOFX
WFSTJPOXJMMGFBUVSFBMPOHFSmSTUTUBHFOFXIJHIFSUISVTUFOHJOFTUIF.FSMJO%
JOTUFBEPGUIF.FSMJO$
BOEBOPDUBHPOBMBSSBOHFNFOUPGFOHJOFTPOUIFmSTU
TUBHFJOTUFBEPGBiUJDUBDUPFwQBUUFSO
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MBVODI
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GSPN4-$BU$$"'4BOETPPOGSPN4-$&BU7"'#
Falcon 9: 2012 Highlights
4QBDF9DPOEVDUFEUXPTVDDFTTGVMnJHIUTPGUIF'BMDPOJO5IFmSTUXIJDI
launched from CCAFS on May 22, was conducted under a 2006 COTS agreement
with NASA to develop the ability to carry cargo to and from the ISS. The mission
objectives included successful demonstration of the Dragon cargo module and
berthing of the spacecraft to the ISS. The mission also demonstrated the controlled
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'BMDPOBOE%SBHPOUPVOEFSUBLFUIFmSTUNJTTJPOVOEFS/"4"T$34DPOUSBDU
later that year.
5IFmSTU$34NJTTJPOMBVODIFEPO0DUPCFS5IF%SBHPODBQTVMFXBT
successfully delivered to orbit, but because of an engine anomaly during ascent,
a secondary payload was deployed in a lower than intended orbit. The Dragon
capsule was successfully recovered later that month after a controlled reentry. The
FAA licensed the launch and reentry of both the COTS and CRS missions.
4QBDF9XBTBXBSEFETFWFSBMDPOUSBDUTGPSJUT'BMDPOWFIJDMFUIJTZFBSJODMVEJOH
NJTTJPOTGPS"TJB4BU"TJB#SPBEDBTU4BUFMMJUF4&4BOEUIF"JS'PSDF4QBDF9
and Bigelow Aerospace entered into a partnership to support commercial human
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UIBUXJMMPDDVSPOUZQJDBMMBVODIFT"MTPJO4QBDF9TVDDFTTGVMMZDPOEVDUFE
UISFFUFTUnJHIUTPGUIF(SBTTIPQQFSGSPNUIFDPNQBOZT.D(SFHPS5FYBTUFTUTJUF
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BSFVTBCMF'BMDPOSPDLFU(SBTTIPQQFSTUBOETTUPSJFTUBMMBOEDPOTJTUTPGB
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dampers, and a steel support structure.
‡9‡
Falcon 9 launch vehicle
Image credit: SpaceX
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ULA: Atlas V
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Atlas V launch vehicle
Image credit: Boeing
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#PPTUFS$$#
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3-"
FOHJOFTBQBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEBQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFWFIJDMFWBSJBOUTBSF
EFTDSJCFEJOUXPHSPVQT"UMBT7TFSJFTBOE"UMBT7TFSJFT5IFmSTU
OVNCFSPGUIFUISFFEJHJUEFTJHOBUPSJOEJDBUFTUIFEJBNFUFSPGUIFGBJSJOH
JONFUFSTUIFTFDPOEOVNCFSJOEJDBUFTUIFOVNCFSPG"FSPKFUTPMJESPDLFU
CPPTUFSTVTFE[FSPUPmWF
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3-"FOHJOFTFNQMPZFECZUIF$FOUBVSVQQFSTUBHFPOFPSUXP
4JODFJUTmSTUMBVODIJOUIF"UMBT7IBTnPXOUJNFTFBDITVDDFTTGVMMZ
5IFWFIJDMFJTMBVODIFEGSPN4-$BU$$"'4BOE4-$&BU7"'#
Atlas V: 2012 Highlights
5IF"UMBT7TVDDFTTGVMMZEFQMPZFETJYQBZMPBETJO5IFTFJODMVEFUIF64
/BWZTmSTUTBUFMMJUFJOUIF.PCJMF6TFS0CKFDUJWF4ZTUFN.604
DPOTUFMMBUJPO
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TBUFMMJUFUXP
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6OEFSUIFTFDPOEQIBTF$PNNFSDJBM$SFX%FWFMPQNFOU$$%FW
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ULA was required to complete a Hazard, System, and Safety Probablistic Risk
Assessment to ensure crew safety during launch and ascent. ULA also established
a Human Launch Services division and selected Hensel Phelps Construction to
begin upgrading SLC-41 to accommodate crewed launches.
‡10‡
Orbital Launch Vehicles
ULA: Delta IV
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Delta IV launch vehicle
Image credit: Boeing
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Delta IV: 2012 Highlights
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stage. A joint investigation between ULA and PWR will assess the event. ULA
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Commercial Space Highlights: Delta IV to Launch Orion
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PSCJUBMWFIJDMF0SJPO5IFNJTTJPO&YQMPSBUJPO'MJHIU5FTU&'5
may qualify as a commercial launch and require an FAA license.
The Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle being
assembled and tested at Lockheed
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Colorado.
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launch vehicle
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BU#BSLJOH4BOETJO)BXBJJ5IF
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0QFSBUJPOBMMZ3FTQPOTJWF4QBDF034
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"FSPKFUJTEFWFMPQJOHUIFUISFFOFXTPMJESPDLFUNPUPSTUIBUTVQQPSUUIF4VQFS
4USZQJMBVODITZTUFN5IFmSTUTUBHFJTUIF-&0TFDPOETUBHFJTUIF-&0
BOEUIFUIJSETUBHFJTUIF-&04VQFS4USZQJXJMMJOJUJBMMZMBVODIGSPN1.3'
VTJOH1BEBUUIF,BVBJ5FTU'BDJMJUZ,PLPMF1PJOUCVUUIFWFIJDMFJTBMTP
DPNQBUJCMFXJUIPUIFSMBVODITJUFTTVDIBTCVUOPUMJNJUFEUP4QBDF'MPSJEBT
$BQF$BOBWFSBM4QBDFQPSU,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFYJO"MBTLBBOE/"4"T
8''
6XSHU6WU\SL+LJKOLJKWV
*O"VHVTU"FSPKFUTVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUmSFEB-&0TPMJENPUPSXIJDIXJMMCFVTFEBT
UIFTFDPOETUBHFGPS4VQFS4USZQJ4/-DPNQMFUFEBEFMUB$%3BOEIBTmOBMJ[FE
the design of the Super Strypi launch vehicle. The rail launcher design was
DPNQMFUFEBOENPEJmDBUJPOTUPUIF4DPVUMBVODIFSTZTUFNBTXFMMBTGBCSJDBUJPO
of new components was started. Finally, the program completed the necessary
environmental paperwork to establish the launch site at PMRF and received a
'JOEJOHPG/P4JHOJmDBOU*NQBDUBOEDBOCFHJOXPSLPOUIFMBVODITJUF
‡12‡
Orbital Launch Vehicles
OTHER U.S. VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT WITH ORBITAL DEPLOYMENT
CAPABILITY
Vehicle
Athena
-ZOY.BSL***
-BVODIFS0OF
Manufacturer
-PDLIFFE.BSUJO
9$03
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5IF4QBDFTIJQ
$PNQBOZ
4USBUPMBVODI
$BSSJFS"JSDSBGU
4USBUPMBVODI
4ZTUFNT
(0-BVODIFS
(FOFSBUJPO
0SCJUBOE4QBDF
1SPQVMTJPO
(SPVQ
/&156/&
*OUFSPSCJUBM
4ZTUFNT*04
Anticipated
Introduction Year
Description
-PDLIFFE.BSUJOJTSFJOUSPEVDJOHUIF"UIFOBUPBEESFTT
TNBMMUPNFEJVNDMBTTQBZMPBET5IFWFIJDMFVTFTTPMJE
QSPQFMMBOUTUBHFTPGGFSFEJOUISFFWFSTJPOTEFQFOEJOHPO
DVTUPNFSOFFET*OJUJBMnJHIUTPGUIFWFIJDMFBSFFYQFDUFE
UPMBVODIGSPNBOFXGBDJMJUZDVSSFOUMZVOEFSDPOTUSVDUJPOBU
,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFYBOEQPTTJCMZGSPNPUIFSTJUFTMJLF
$BQF$BOBWFSBM4QBDFQPSUT4-$
9$03XJMMMBVODINJDSPTBUFMMJUFTVTJOHBOVQQFSTUBHF
SPDLFUDBSSJFEJOBEPSTBMQPEPOUIF-ZOY.BSL***437
.BYJNVNQBZMPBEDBQBDJUZXJMMCFLJMPHSBNT
QPVOET
5IF-ZOY.BSL***XJMMSPMMPVUBGUFSTVDDFTTGVM
UFTUnJHIUTPGUIFQSPUPUZQF-ZOY.BSL*BOEPQFSBUJPOBM
FYQFSJFODFXJUI-ZOY.BSL**
7JSHJO(BMBDUJDXJMMPGGFS-BVODIFS0OFBTNBMMDMBTTPSCJUBM
MBVODIWFIJDMF*UXJMMVTFUIF8IJUF,OJHIU5XPDBSSJFSBJSDSBGU
BOEBOBJSMBVODIFEFYQFOEBCMFSPDLFUTUBHFDBMMFE
-BVODIFS0OF
UPDBSSZUIFQBZMPBE5IFQBZMPBEDBQBDJUZ
XJMMCFLJMPHSBNTQPVOET
4LZ#PY*NBHJOHBOE
(FP0QUJDTIBWFBMSFBEZTJHOFEDPOUSBDUTXJUI7JSHJO
(BMBDUJDGPSUIFMBVODIPGUIFJSTBUFMMJUFT
4USBUPMBVODIJTBOPSCJUBMMBVODITFSWJDFTWFOUVSFJOWPMWJOH
4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTEFTJHOBOENBOVGBDUVSFPGDBSSJFS
BJSDSBGU
0SCJUBMEFTJHOBOENBOVGBDUVSFPGUIFSPDLFU
TUBHF
BOE%ZOFUJDTEFTJHOBOENBOVGBDUVSFPGUIFNBUJOH
BOEJOUFHSBUJPOTZTUFN
5IFDBSSJFSBJSDSBGUJTDPNQPTFEPG
BUXJOGVTFMBHFEFTJHOJODPSQPSBUJOHUXPBJSGSBNFT
%FWFMPQNFOUDPTUGPSUIFMBVODITZTUFNJTFTUJNBUFEUPCF
BCPVUNJMMJPOXJUINBOVGBDUVSJOHDPOEVDUFEBU.PKBWF
"JSBOE4QBDF1PSUJO$BMJGPSOJB"UFTUnJHIUJTFYQFDUFEUP
MBVODIGSPN/"4"T,FOOFEZ4QBDF$FOUFS4IVUUMF-BVODI
'BDJMJUZ
TBD
(FOFSBUJPO0SCJUJTJOUSPEVDJOHBOBJSMBVODIDBQBCJMJUZ
VTJOHBDPOWFOUJPOBMIJHIQFSGPSNBODFKFUBJSDSBGUUIBU
DBSSJFTFJUIFSB(0SPDLFUTUBHFGPSTVCPSCJUBMNJTTJPOT
PSB(0SPDLFUTUBHFDBQBCMFPGTFOEJOHLJMPHSBNT
QPVOET
JOUP-&0
TBD
.PKBWFCBTFE*04JTEFWFMPQJOHBMJOFPG/&156/&
WFIJDMFTUPTFOENJDSPBOETNBMMDMBTTTBUFMMJUFTJOUPPSCJU
/&156/&WBSJBOUTBSFDPNQPTFEPGDMVTUFSTPG$PNNPO
1SPQVMTJPO.PEVMFT$1.T
GPSFYBNQMFUIF/&156/&
DPOTJTUTPGmWF$1.TBOEDBOTFOEBLJMPHSBN
QPVOE
QBZMPBEJOUP-&0*04IBTQFSGPSNFEFOHJOF
UFTUTEVSJOHUIFQBTUGFXZFBSTBOEJTQMBOOJOHPQFSBUJPOBM
MBVODIFTGSPN5POHB
Table 2. Other U.S. Vehicles in Development with Orbital Deployment Capability
‡13‡
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NON-U.S COMMERCIAL ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES
5IFSFBSFFYQFOEBCMFMBVODIWFIJDMFUZQFTBWBJMBCMFGPSDPNNFSDJBMVTF
PVUTJEFUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT"SJBOF4PZV[7FHB-POH.BSDI%-POH.BSDI
"3PDLPU1SPUPO.%OFQS&QTJMPO)**"#BOE;FOJU4-4-#
Operator
Vehicle
"SJBOFTQBDF
"SJBOF
Year of First
Total
Active
Launch
Launches Launch Sites
Mass to GTO
kg (lb)
(VJBOB
4QBDF$FOUFS
"SJBOFTQBDF
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Mass to SSO
kg (lb)
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"
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Mass to LEO
kg (lb)
"
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$
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Table 3. Non-U.S. Commercial Launch Vehicles
‡14‡
"
Orbital Launch Vehicles
Arianespace: Ariane 5
5IF"SJBOFUFDIOJDBMMZUIF"SJBOF&$"JTUIFXPSLIPSTFPG'SBODFCBTFE
"SJBOFTQBDFB&VSPQFBOMBVODIDPOTPSUJVN8JUIBEJSFDUUFDIOJDBMIFSJUBHFUP
UIF"SJBOFTFSJFTUIF"SJBOFDPOTJTUTPGBO"TUSJVNMJRVJEGVFMFEDPSFTUBHF
QPXFSFECZUIF4OFDNB7VMDBJOFOHJOFUXP&VSPQSPQVMTJPOTUSBQPOTPMJE
CPPTUFSTB4OFDNBDSZPHFOJDVQQFSTUBHFQPXFSFECZBO).#FOHJOFEJSFDU
IFSJUBHFGSPN"SJBOFBO"TUSJVNQBZMPBEBEBQUFSUIBUDBOBDDPNNPEBUFUXP
TBUFMMJUFTDBMMFE4:-%"
BOEB3VBHCVJMUQBZMPBEGBJSJOH"SJBOFTQBDFBMTP
PQFSBUFTUIF"SJBOF&4WFSTJPOXJUIBTUPSBCMFQSPQFMMBOUVQQFSTUBHFFOHJOF
VTFEUPMBVODIUIF"VUPNBUFE5SBOTGFS7FIJDMFT"57
UPUIF*44BOEWFSZMBSHF
TBUFMMJUFTMJLF&OWJTBU
"SJBOFTQBDFPWFSTFFTUIFQSPDVSFNFOURVBMJUZDPOUSPMBOEMBVODIPQFSBUJPOT
PGUIF"SJBOF5IF"SJBOFIBTIBEMBVODIFTJODMVEJOHGBJMVSFTBOE
QBSUJBMGBJMVSFTBMMGSPNUIF&-"MBVODIDPNQMFYBUUIF(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFSJO
'SFODI(VJBOB
Ariane 5: 2012 Highlights
During 2012, Arianespace successfully launched seven Ariane 5 vehicles. The
mSTUNJTTJPOXBTUIF"57&EPBSEP"NBMEJUPUIF*44JO.BSDI5IFTJYPUIFSnJHIUT
XFSFEVBMMBVODIFTUPHFPTUBUJPOBSZUSBOTGFSPSCJU(50
EFQMPZJOHUIFGPMMPXJOH
TBUFMMJUFT+$4"5BOE7*/"4"5&DIP4UBS97**BOE.4():-"4BOE
*OUFMTBU"453"'BOE(4"5&VUFMTBU#BOE4UBS0OF$BOE.FYTBU
Bicentenario and Skynet 5D.
Ariane 5 launch vehicle
Image credit: Arianespace
*O/PWFNCFSUIF&VSPQFBO4QBDF"HFODZ&4"
TFDVSFENFNCFSTUBUFGVOEJOH
GPSUIFDPOUJOVFEEFWFMPQNFOUPGUIF"SJBOF.&.JEMJGF&WPMVUJPO
GFBUVSJOH
BSFJHOJUBCMFDSZPHFOJDVQQFSTUBHFFOHJOFBOEGPSBEFmOJUJPOTUVEZPGBOBMM
OFX"SJBOFMBVODITZTUFN5IF"SJBOF.&JTFYQFDUFEUPCFQFSDFOUNPSF
DBQBCMFUIBOUIF"SJBOF&$"UP(50XJUIBUBSHFUnJHIUEBUFPG5IFOFX
"SJBOFJTQSPKFDUFEUPnZCZ&4"JTGVOEJOHCPUIBDUJWJUJFTGPSUXPZFBST
and will reevaluate the future of Europe’s launch capability in 2014.
$ULDQHVSDFH6R\X]
5IF4PZV[WFIJDMFIBTBMPOHIJTUPSZUSBDJOHCBDLUPUIF4PWJFU3
JOUFSDPOUJOFOUBMCBMMJTUJDNJTTJMF*$#.
XIJDIMBVODIFEUIFXPSMETmSTUTBUFMMJUF
UIFmSTUIVNBOJOTQBDFBOEUIFmSTUNVMUJQMFDSFXTJOUPPSCJU5IFSFIBWF
CFFOTFWFOWFSTJPOTPGUIF4PZV[DVMNJOBUJOHXJUIUIF4PZV[BMTPDBMMFEUIF
4PZV[455IF4PZV[JTPQFSBUFECZ"SJBOFTQBDFBUUIF(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFS
"SJBOFTQBDFTTJTUFSDPNQBOZ4UBSTFNPQFSBUFTUIF4PZV[GSPN#BJLPOVS
5IF4PZV[JTNBOVGBDUVSFECZ5T4,#1SPHSFTTBUUIF4BNBSB4QBDF$FOUFS
BOE/10-BWPUDILJO5IFWFIJDMFDPOTJTUTPGBDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZBO3%
"GPVSMJRVJETUSBQPOCPPTUFSTQPXFSFECZ3%"FOHJOFTBTFDPOE
TUBHFQPXFSFECZBO3%FOHJOFBOEB-BWPUDILJO'SFHBUVQQFSTUBHF
QPXFSFECZBO4FOHJOF"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOETUBOEBSENFUFSGPPU
EJBNFUFSGBJSJOHDPNQMFUFUIFWFIJDMFTZTUFN5T4,#1SPHSFTTDBOQSPEVDF
BCPVU4PZV[WFIJDMFTQFSZFBS
Soyuz 2 launch
vehicle
Image credit: ILS
‡15‡
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$PNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTPGUIF4PZV[PDDVSBUUIF&-4DPNQMFYBU(VJBOB4QBDF
$FOUFS-$BOE-$BU#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNFXJUI3VTTJBO(PWFSONFOU
MBVODIFTGSPN-$BU1MFTFUTL,PTNPESPNF'SPNBMMUISFFTJUFTUIF4PZV[
IBTnPXOTVDDFTTGVMMZBUPUBMPGUJNFTTJODFJUTJOBVHVSBMnJHIUJO
)PXFWFSUIF4PZV[CVJMETPOUIFMFHBDZPGUIF4PZV[WFIJDMFGBNJMZXIJDI
IBTnPXOUJNFTTJODFXJUIGBJMVSFT
6R\X]+LJKOLJKWV
"SJBOFTQBDFDPOEVDUFEPOF4PZV[NJTTJPOGSPN#BJLPOVSXJUI4UBSTFNBOEnFX
UXP4PZV[NJTTJPOTGSPN(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFSEVSJOH"MMUISFFNJTTJPOTXFSF
TVDDFTTGVM5IFmSTU4PZV[NJTTJPOJO4FQUFNCFSDBSSJFE.&501#5IFTFDPOE
4PZV[NJTTJPOUPNFEJVN&BSUIPSCJU.&0
XBT(BMJMFP*07.5IFUIJSEnJHIU
sent the French Pleiades HR-2 to LEO.
Arianespace: Vega
5IF7FHBMBVODIWFIJDMFJTPQFSBUFECZ"SJBOFTQBDFBOEUBSHFUTTDJFOUJmDBOE
&BSUIPCTFSWJOHTBUFMMJUFTUPQPMBSBOE-&0%FWFMPQNFOUPGUIF7FHBCFHBO
JOXJUIKPJOUDPOUSJCVUJPOTGSPN&4"UIF*UBMJBO4QBDF"HFODZUIF'SFODI
4QBDF"HFODZBOE*UBMZCBTFE"WJP5IF7FHBMBVODIFEGPSUIFmSTUUJNFJO
'FCSVBSZ
5IF7FHBDPOTJTUTPGGPVSTUBHFTBmSTUTUBHF1TPMJENPUPSBTFDPOETUBHF
;FmSPTPMJENPUPSBUIJSETUBHF;FmSPTPMJENPUPSBOEBMJRVJEGVFMFE
GPVSUITUBHFDBMMFEUIF"UUJUVEFBOE7FSOJFS6QQFS.PEVMF"76.
5IF"76.
QPXFSFECZUIF3%JTQSPEVDFECZ:V[IOPZFJOUIF6LSBJOF5IFQBZMPBE
BEBQUFSJTBGmYFEUPUIFGPVSUITUBHFBOEDPWFSFEJOBGBJSJOHEVSJOHMBVODI
5IF7FHBIBTIBEPOFTVDDFTTGVMMBVODI*UMBVODIFTGSPNUIF;-'MBVODI
DPNQMFYBUUIF(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFS
Vega launch vehicle
Image credit:
Arianespace
Vega: 2012 Highlights
The Vega made its inaugural launch in 2012. It carried an assortment of payloads,
including the ESA primary payload LARES and the secondary payloads Almsasat-1,
F4U!S(PMJBU.B4BU184BU3PCVTUB6OJDVCFTBU((BOE9B5DPCFP
‡16‡
Orbital Launch Vehicles
CGWIC: Long March 2
5IF-POH.BSDIJTBTNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMFEFTJHOFEUPBEESFTT-&0BOETVO
TZODISPOPVTPSCJU440
NJTTJPOT5IFUXPUPUISFFTUBHFWFIJDMFJTCVJMUCZUIF
4IBOHIBJ"DBEFNZPG4QBDFnJHIU5FDIOPMPHZ4"45
BOENBSLFUFECZ$IJOB
(SFBU8BMM*OEVTUSZ$PSQPSBUJPO$(8*$
#PUIPSHBOJ[BUJPOTBSFTVCTJEJBSJFT
PGUIF$IJOB"FSPTQBDF4DJFODFBOE5FDIOPMPHZ$PSQPSBUJPO$"4$
5IF
-POH.BSDI$JTBWBJMBCMFUPDPNNFSDJBMDMJFOUTBOEBMUIPVHIUIF-POH.BSDI
%JTOPUNBSLFUFEDPNNFSDJBMMZBDPOUSBDUTJHOFEJOJOEJDBUFTJUJTBMTP
DPNNFSDJBMMZBWBJMBCMF
5IF-POH.BSDI%DPOTJTUTPGUXPTUBHFTXIJMFUIF-POH.BSDI$GFBUVSFTBO
VQQFSTUBHF5IFmSTUTUBHFJTQPXFSFECZUIF:'$FOHJOFBOEUIFTFDPOE
TUBHFCZB:'FOHJOF5IFUIJSETUBHFJGVTFEJTBTPMJENPUPSEFTJHOBUFE
"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOHDPNQMFUFUIFWFIJDMFTZTUFN
5IF-POH.BSDI$IBTTVDDFTTGVMMZnPXOUJNFTTJODFJUTJOUSPEVDUJPOJO
5IFWFIJDMFDBOMBVODIGSPNUIF+JVRVBO5BJZVBOBOE9JDIBOHTJUFT
5IF-POH.BSDI%IBTnPXOUJNFTTJODFFBDIUJNFTVDDFTTGVMMZ*U
UZQJDBMMZMBVODIFTGSPNUIF+JVRVBO4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFSCVUJOUIF
WFIJDMFXJMMMBVODIGSPN9JDIBOHGPSUIFmSTUUJNF
Long March 2C launch
vehicle
,PDJHFUHGLW&*:,&
Long March 2: 2012 Highlights
*O%FDFNCFSB-POH.BSDI%TVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFE(PLUVSLBO&BSUI
PCTFSWBUJPOTBUFMMJUFGPSUIF5VSLJTINJMJUBSZ*O"VHVTU$(8*$TJHOFEBDPOUSBDU
XJUIUIF4QBJOCBTFE#BSDFMPOB.PPO5FBNGPSB-POH.BSDI%nJHIUFYQFDUFE
JOGSPN9JDIBOH5IFQBZMPBEXJMMCFBMVOBSSPWFSJOBCJEUPXJOUIF(PPHMF
-VOBS913*;&
CGWIC: Long March 3A
5IF-POH.BSDI"JTBNPEJmFEWFSTJPOPGUIFPSJHJOBM-POH.BSDIWFIJDMF
XIJDIXBTJOUSPEVDFEJOBOEJTOPXEJTDPOUJOVFE$(8*$NBSLFUT
UIF-POH.BSDI"WFIJDMFGBNJMZGPSDPNNFSDJBMVTF%FWFMPQNFOUBOE
NBOVGBDUVSJOHPGUIF-POH.BSDI"WFIJDMFTBSFTIBSFECFUXFFOUIF$IJOB
"DBEFNZPG-BVODI7FIJDMFT$"-5
BOE4"45
5IFSFBSFGPVSWFSTJPOTPGUIFUISFFTUBHF-POH.BSDI"5IF-POH.BSDI
"DPOTJTUTPGBDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZGPVS:'$FOHJOFTBTFDPOETUBHF
QPXFSFECZB:'&FOHJOFBOEBUIJSETUBHFQPXFSFECZB:'FOHJOF5IF
WFIJDMFJTUPQQFEXJUIBQBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOH5IF-POH.BSDI#BOE
-POH.BSDI#&IBWFUIFTBNFDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZGPVS:'$FOHJOFT
UIFTBNFTFDPOETUBHFQPXFSFECZB:'&FOHJOFBOEUIFTBNFUIJSETUBHF
QPXFSFECZB:'FOHJOF5IFEJGGFSFODFCFUXFFOUIFUXPJTUIFUZQFPG
MJRVJESPDLFUCPPTUFSTUIFZVTF5IF-POH.BSDI$JTUIFTBNFBTUIF-POH
/RQJ0DUFK%ODXQFK
.BSDI#CVUXJUIUXPMJRVJESPDLFUCPPTUFSTJOTUFBEPGGPVS"TFMFDUJPOPGGPVS
vehicle
QBZMPBEGBJSJOHTJTPGGFSFEGPSBMMWBSJBOUT
,PDJHFUHGLW&*:,&
‡17‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
5IF-POH.BSDI"WFIJDMFTMBVODIGSPN-$PS-$BUUIF9JDIBOH4BUFMMJUF
-BVODI$FOUFS5IF-POH.BSDI"IBTTVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFEUJNFTTJODF
5IF-POH.BSDI#IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTXJUIGBJMVSFT
BOEUIF
-POH.BSDI#&IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTTVDDFTTGVMMZ5IF-POH.BSDI$IBT
MBVODIFEUJNFTTVDDFTTGVMMZTJODFJUXBTJOUSPEVDFEJO
Long March 3A: 2012 Highlights
/JOF-POH.BSDINJTTJPOTMBVODIFEJO5IFPOFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIDBSSJFE
"Q4UBSUPBHFPTZODISPOPVTPSCJU(&0
JO.BSDI
$(8*$TJHOFETFWFSBMDPOUSBDUTJOJODMVEJOHUXPUIBUXJMMVTFUIF-POH
.BSDI#UPTFOE$POHP4BUBOEBO"15TBUFMMJUFUP(50
Eurockot: Rockot
5IF3PDLPUJTBTNBMMMBVODIFSCBTFEPONJTTJMFDPNQPOFOUTTQFDJmDBMMZUIF
3VTTJBO63/44
*$#.5IF3VTTJBO(PWFSONFOUVTFT3PDLPUGPSJUT
MBVODIFT&VSPDLPU-BVODI4FSWJDFT(NC)BKPJOUDPNQBOZCFUXFFO&"%4
"TUSJVN
BOE,ISVOJDIFW4QBDF$FOUFS
PGGFSTDPNNFSDJBMMBVODI
TFSWJDFTUPDVTUPNFSTPVUTJEFUIF3VTTJBO'FEFSBUJPO
5IF3PDLPUDPOTJTUTPGUISFFTUBHFT5IFmSTUUXPTUBHFTBSFDPNQPTFEPG
44CPPTUFSTFHNFOUT5IFmSTUTUBHFJTQPXFSFECZBO3%FOHJOFBOE
UIFTFDPOECZBO3%FOHJOF5IFUIJSETUBHFJTBOFXMZNBOVGBDUVSFE
,ISVOJDIFW#SFF[F,.VQQFSTUBHF"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOHDPNQMFUF
UIFWFIJDMFTZTUFN
5RFNRWODXQFKYHKLFOH
,PDJHFUHGLW(XURFNRW
4JODFUIFWFIJDMFIBTMBVODIFEUJNFTXJUIGBJMVSFT5IFmSTUUISFF
MBVODIFTXFSFXJUIUIFJOJUJBMWFSTJPOUIF3PDLPU,*O.BZUIFWFIJDMF
XBTVQHSBEFEUPBDDPNNPEBUFBMBSHFSQBZMPBEJUCFDBNFUIF3PDLPU,.
XIJDIIBTMBVODIFEUJNFTXJUIGBJMVSFT5IF3PDLPU,.MBVODIFTGSPN
1MFTFUTL,PTNPESPNFJO3VTTJB
5IF3PDLPUJTQSFEPNJOBOUMZVTFEGPSTDJFOUJmD&BSUIPCTFSWBUJPOBOEDMJNBUF
SFTFBSDINJTTJPOTJO-&05FOnJHIUTIBWFCFFOQFSGPSNFECZ&VSPDLPU-BVODI
4FSWJDFTGPSJOUFSOBUJPOBMDVTUPNFST3PDLPU,.DVSSFOUMZIBTBCBDLMPHPG
DPNNFSDJBMDVTUPNFSTVOUJMBOE3VTTJBOHPWFSONFOUnJHIUTUPUIFFOEPG
UIFEFDBEF
Rockot: 2012 Highlights
0OF3PDLPUNJTTJPOnFXJO5IFOPODPNNFSDJBMnJHIUXIJDIDBSSJFEBTFSJFT
of military satellites, was successful.
‡18‡
Orbital Launch Vehicles
ILS: Proton M
5IF1SPUPOWFIJDMFUSBDFTJUTMJOFBHFUPUIF63TZTUFNEFWFMPQFEJO
5PEBZUIFWFIJDMFJTCVJMUCZUIF,ISVOJDIFW4UBUF3FTFBSDIBOE1SPEVDUJPO
4QBDF$FOUFS,I4$
BOENBSLFUFEUPDPNNFSDJBMDVTUPNFSTCZ*OUFSOBUJPOBM
-BVODI4FSWJDFT*-4
5IF1SPUPO.DPOTJTUTPGBmSTUTUBHFQPXFSFECZTJY3%FOHJOFTBTFDPOE
TUBHFQPXFSFECZUISFF3%FOHJOFTBOEBUIJSETUBHFQPXFSFECZBO
3%FOHJOF5IFGPVSUITUBHFJTB#SFF[F.QPXFSFECZPOF%FOHJOF
5IF#SFF[F.BMTPGFBUVSFTTFUUMJOHUISVTUFSTBOEBUUJUVEFDPOUSPMUISVTUFST
5IFQBZMPBEGBJSJOHDPWFSTCPUIUIFQBZMPBEBOEUIF#SFF[F.VQQFSTUBHF
EVSJOHMBVODI6OUJM%FDFNCFSUIF3VTTJBOHPWFSONFOUVTFEBOFBSMJFS
WFSTJPOPGUIF1SPUPOPGUFODBMMFEUIF1SPUPO,*UXJMMOPXVTFUIF1SPUPO.
XJUIFJUIFSWFSTJPOTPGUIF#MPDL%.PSUIF#SFF[F.BTUIFGPVSUITUBHFPSBTB
UISFFTUBHFWFIJDMFGPS-&0NJTTJPOT
4JODFUIF1SPUPO.IBTIBEMBVODIFTXJUIGBJMVSFT*UMBVODIFTGSPN
-$BOE-$BUUIF#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNF-BVODIFTBSFNBOBHFECZB
UFBNDPOTJTUJOHPGNFNCFSTGSPN*-4,I4$BOEUIF$FOUFSGPS(SPVOE#BTFE
4QBDF*OGSBTUSVDUVSF'BDJMJUJFT0QFSBUJPO5T&/,*
Proton M launch vehicle
Image credit: ILS
Proton M: 2012 Highlights
There were 10 Proton M missions in 2012. ILS successfully launched the Echostar
97*&YQSFTT.%*OUFMTBU*OUFMTBU/JNJR4&44&45FMLPN
Yahsat-1B, and Yamal-402. Due to a failure of the Breeze-M stage, the dual launch
PG5FMLPNBOE&YQSFTT.%JO"VHVTUFOEFEXJUIUIFMPTTPGUIFTBUFMMJUFT5IF
Yamal-402 launch was compromised when the Breeze-M failed to deploy the
satellite in the correct orbit, but the satellite’s onboard fuel enabled it to reach the
intended destination later in the month.
ISC Kosmotras: Dnepr
5IF%OFQSJTEFWFMPQFEGSPNTVSQMVT4PWJFU344
*$#.SFGVSCJTIFECZ
:V[IOPZF5IFUISFFTUBHFMJRVJEGVFMFEWFIJDMFJTEFTJHOFEGPSNFEJVNDMBTT
QBZMPBETPSDMVTUFSTPGTNBMMBOENJDSPDMBTTTBUFMMJUFT5IF3VTTJBODPNQBOZ
*4$,PTNPUSBTNBSLFUTUIF%OFQS
5IF%OFQSIBTMBVODIFEUJNFTXJUIGBJMVSF*UMBVODIFTGSPN1BE
BUUIF#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNFBOEUIF%PNCBSPWTLZNJTTJMFCBTFJO8FTUFSO
3VTTJB
Dnepr launch vehicle
Image credit: ISC
Kosmotras
‡19‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
JAXA: Epsilon
5IF&QTJMPOWFIJDMFJTVOEFSEFWFMPQNFOUBOEFYQFDUFEUPFOUFSTFSWJDFJO
%FWFMPQFECZUIF+BQBO"FSPTQBDF&YQMPSBUJPO"HFODZ+"9"
UIF
TZTUFNJTEFSJWFEGSPNUIF/JTTBOCVJMU.7
5IFmSTUTUBHFPGUIF4UBOEBSE$POmHVSBUJPO&QTJMPOJTBTPMJENPUPSTJNJMBSUP
UIPTFPOUIF)**""O.DTPMJENPUPSDPOTUJUVUFTUIFTFDPOETUBHFBOEB
,.7CSFQSFTFOUTUIFUIJSETUBHF"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOHDPNQMFUF
UIFTZTUFN"TFDPOEWFSTJPOPGUIFWFIJDMFDBMMFEUIF0QUJPOBM$POmHVSBUJPO
GFBUVSFTBOBEEJUJPOBMDPNQBDUMJRVJEQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNBUPQUIFUIJSETUBHF
(SVLORQODXQFKYHKLFOH
5IFWFIJDMFXJMMMBVODIGSPN6DIJOPVSB4QBDF$FOUFSGPSNFSMZDBMMFE
,BHPTIJNB4QBDF$FOUFS
Image credit: JAXA
Epsilon: 2012 Highlights
Development of the Epsilon continued through 2012, with tests for acoustic
measurements on a mock-up of the planned launch site and various integration
tests for the third stage and second stage motors.
JAXA: H-IIA/B
5IFUXPTUBHF)**"BOE)**#XFSFKPJOUMZEFWFMPQFECZUIF+BQBOFTF
&YQMPSBUJPO"HFODZ+"9"
BOE.JUTVCJTIJ)FBWZ*OEVTUSJFT-UE.)*
BT
+BQBOTQSJNBSZMBVODIWFIJDMFT5IFSFBSFUXPWFSTJPOTPGUIF)**"BOEPOF
WFSTJPOPGUIF)**#5IF)**#JTBOVQHSBEFEWFSTJPOPGUIF)**"+BQBOCVJMU
UIFMBSHFSDBQBDJUZ)**#UPMBVODIUIF)**5SBOTGFS7FIJDMF)57
UPUIF*44BOE
UPMBVODINVMUJQMFTBUFMMJUFTBUSFEVDFEDPTUT
5IF)**"WFIJDMFGFBUVSFTBDSZPHFOJDDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZBTJOHMF-&"
FOHJOFUXPMBSHFMJRVJESPDLFUCPPTUFSTBOVQQFSTUBHFBQBZMPBEBEBQUFS
BOEBQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFWFIJDMFNBZBMTPFNQMPZBDPNCJOBUJPOPGTPMJE
CPPTUFSTUPTVQQMFNFOUUISVTU5IF)**"VTFTUXPTPMJESPDLFUCPPTUFST
BOEUIF)**"VTFTGPVSTPMJESPDLFUCPPTUFST5IF)**#GFBUVSFTBMBSHFmSTU
TUBHFQPXFSFECZUXP-&"FOHJOFTBOETVQQMFNFOUFECZGPVSMJRVJESPDLFU
CPPTUFSTBOEBTFDPOETUBHFQPXFSFECZBO-&#FOHJOF
H-IIA launch vehicle
Image credit: Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries
5IF)**"IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTTJODFXJUIGBJMVSF5IF)**#XIJDI
MBVODIFT)57NJTTJPOTIBTIBEUISFFTVDDFTTGVMMBVODIFTTJODF#PUI
WFIJDMFTMBVODIGSPNUIF:PTIJOPCV-BVODI$PNQMFYBUUIF5BOFHBTIJNB4QBDF
$FOUFS5IF)**"VTFT1BE-":BOEUIF)**#VTFT1BE-":
H-IIA/B: 2012 Highlights
One H-IIA and one H-IIB successfully launched in 2012. The H-IIA mission carried
($0.8"SJSBOH,0.14"5
4%4BOE)PSZV5IF)**#nJHIUDBSSJFE
)57UPUIF*44BMPOHXJUIBOBTTPSUNFOUPGNJDSPTBUFMMJUFT *O4FQUFNCFS+"9"
BOE.)*BHSFFEUPQSJWBUJ[FMBVODITFSWJDFTPGUIF)**#+"9"XJMMDPOUJOVFUPCF
responsible for safety operations.
‡20‡
Orbital Launch Vehicles
Sea Launch: Zenit 3
5IF;FOJUWFIJDMFJTNBOVGBDUVSFECZ:V[IOPZFBOEMBVODIFECZ
4FB-BVODI4FB-BVODI"(IFBERVBSUFSFEJO4XJU[FSMBOEJTB
DPOHMPNFSBUFFOUJUZXJUIGPVSNBKPSDPNQPOFOUQSPWJEFST3VTTJBO
34$&OFSHJB
6LSBJOJBO:V[IOPZF:V[INBTI
/PSXFHJBO"LFS
4PMVUJPOT
BOE6OJUFE4UBUFT#PFJOH
5IF;FOJU4-JTBUISFFTUBHFWFIJDMF:V[IOPZFQSPWJEFTCPUIUIFmSTU
BOETFDPOETUBHFTXIJDIBSFQPXFSFECZUIF3%.BOEUIF
3%FOHJOFTSFTQFDUJWFMZ"TQFDJBMMZNPEJmFE#MPDL%.UIJSE
TUBHFJTTVQQMJFECZ41,PSPMFW3PDLFUBOE4QBDF$PSQPSBUJPO&OFSHJB3,,
&OFSHJB
#PFJOHQSPWJEFTUIFQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IF;FOJU4-#JTBNPEFSOJ[FE
WFSTJPOPGUIFUXPTUBHF;FOJU-BOE-BVODIBTVCTJEJBSZPG4FB-BVODI
NBSLFUTUIF;FOJU4-#XIJDIGFBUVSFTB#MPDL%.UIJSETUBHF-BOE-BVODI
BMTPNBSLFUTUIF;FOJU4-#UIFUXPTUBHFWFSTJPOPGUIF;FOJU4-#
4FB-BVODIT;FOJU4-IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTTJODF*UMBVODIFTGSPN
the OdysseyQMBUGPSNBTJHOJmDBOUMZNPEJmFENPCJMFPJMQMBUGPSNQSPWJEFECZ
/PSXBZT,WBFSOFS5IFQMBUGPSNTBJMTUPUIF$FOUSBM1BDJmDXJUIUIFDPOUSPMTIJQ
CommanderXIFSFUIFFRVBUPSJBMMBUJUVEFQSPWJEFTNBYJNVNCFOFmUGPS(50
CPVOEQBZMPBET5IF-BOE-BVODI4-#IBTIBEmWFTVDDFTTGVMMBVODIFTGSPN
-$BUUIF#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNF
Zenit 3: 2012 Highlights
4FB-BVODIDPOEVDUFEUISFFTVDDFTTGVMnJHIUTPGUIF;FOJU4-EVSJOH
MBVODIJOH*OUFMTBU*OUFMTBUBOE&VUFMTBU#UP(50
‡21‡
=HQLW6/ODXQFK
YHKLFOHRQWKH2G\VVH\
SODWIRUP
Image credit: Sea
Launch
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
OTHER NON-U.S. ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT
Vehicle
-POH.BSDI
and 7
5TZLMPO
"OHBSB
Manufacturer
$IJOB"DBEFNZ
PG-BVODI7FIJDMF
5FDIOPMPHZ$"-5
BOE4IBOHIBJ
"DBEFNZPG
4QBDFnJHIU
5FDIOPMPHZ4"45
:V[IOPZF%FTJHO
0GmDF
,ISVOJDIFW4UBUF
3FTFBSDIBOE
1SPEVDUJPO4QBDF
$FOUFS
Anticipated
Introduction Year
Description
5IFOFXFTUHFOFSBUJPOPG-POH.BSDIWFIJDMFTXJMM
GFBUVSFTFWFSBMWBSJBOUTCBTFEPOJOUFSDIBOHFBCMF
MJRVJEGVFMFETUBHFT5IF-POH.BSDIJTB
IFBWZMJGUWFSTJPOGFBUVSJOHBDPSFTUBHFBOE
DPNCJOBUJPOTPGTUSBQPOCPPTUFSTCBTFEPOUIF
DPSFTPG-POH.BSDIPS*UXJMMMBVODIGSPN
UIFOFX8FODIBOH4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFSPO
)BJOBO*TMBOE5IF-POH.BSDIJTBUISFFTUBHF
TNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMF5IFmSTUTUBHFPGUIJTWFIJDMF
XJMMCFBOPQUJPOBMTUSBQPOMJRVJETUBHFGPSUIF
-POH.BSDI5IF-POH.BSDIJTBUISFFTUBHF
NFEJVNDMBTTWFIJDMFGFBUVSJOHBDPSFmSTUTUBHF
BOEPQUJPOBMTUSBQPOMJRVJECPPTUFSTCBTFEPOUIF
-POH.BSDI*UXJMMMJLFMZSFQMBDFUIF-POH.BSDI
'GPSIVNBONJTTJPOT
5IF#SB[JMJBO4QBDF"HFODZTJHOFEBOBHSFFNFOU
XJUIUIF6LSBJOJBO4QBDF"HFODZUPTVQQPSU
EFWFMPQNFOUPGUIF5TZLMPO#BTFEPOUIF
5TZLMPOUIF5TZLMPOJTBUISFFTUBHFNFEJVN
DMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMF*UJTCFJOHEFWFMPQFECZ
"MDÉOUBSB$ZDMPOF4QBDF"$4
BKPJOUFGGPSU
CFUXFFO#SB[JMBOE6LSBJOF*UXJMMMBVODIGSPN
#SB[JMT"MDÉOUBSBMBVODITJUF
4JODFUIF"OHBSBIBTCFFOBOFGGPSUUP
QSPEVDFNPEVMBSMBVODIWFIJDMFTXJUIB$$#
VTJOH-09BOELFSPTFOFBTQSPQFMMBOUTBOE
QPXFSFECZBO3%FOHJOF5XPTNBMMDMBTT
"OHBSBWFSTJPOTXJMMVTFPOF$$#BNFEJVN
DMBTT"OHBSBXJMMVTFUISFFUIFIFBWZDMBTT
"OHBSB"XJMMVTFmWFBOEUIFIFBWZDMBTT
"OHBSB"XJMMVTFTFWFO$$#T5IFWFIJDMFTXJMM
BMTPVTF#SFF[F,.BOE#SFF[F.VQQFSTUBHFT
"O"OHBSBJTFYQFDUFEUPnZGSPN1MFTFUTLJO
XJUISFHVMBSnJHIUTGSPNUIFSFBOE7PTUPDIOZ
TPPOBGUFS
Table 4. Other Non-U.S. Orbital Launch Vehicles in Development
‡22‡
&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP‡)HEUXDU\
SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES
6XERUELWDOUHXVDEOHYHKLFOHVFDUU\KXPDQVFDUJRRUERWKWRWKHHGJHRIVSDFH7KHVH
YHKLFOHVSULPDULO\WDUJHWPDUNHWVLQVFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\UHVHDUFKDQGVSDFHWRXULVP
2Q-XQH9LUJLQ*DODFWLFFRQGXFWHGD6SDFH6KLS7ZRJOLGH
ÁLJKWWHVWDQGURFNHWPRWRUÀULQJRQWKHVDPHGD\
Image credit: Virgin Galactic
‡23‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
4VCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT437T
BSFDSFBUJOHBOFXTQBDFnJHIUJOEVTUSZ
437TBSFDPNNFSDJBMMZEFWFMPQFESFVTBCMFTQBDFWFIJDMFTUIBUUSBWFMKVTU
CFZPOEUIFUISFTIPMEPGTQBDFBCPVULJMPNFUFSTNJMFT
BCPWFUIF&BSUI
8IJMFUSBWFMJOHUISPVHITQBDFUIFWFIJDMFTFYQFSJFODFCFUXFFOPOFUPmWF
NJOVUFTPGNJDSPHSBWJUZBOEQSPWJEFDMFBSWJFXTPGUIF&BSUIBOETUBST$VSSFOUMZ
QMBOOFEWFIJDMFTDBODBSSZ_LJMPHSBNT_QPVOET
PGDBSHPTPNF
XJMMDBSSZQFPQMFBOETPNFXJMMCFBCMFUPMBVODIWFSZTNBMMTBUFMMJUFT5IF
DPNQBOJFTEFWFMPQJOH437TUZQJDBMMZUBSHFUBIJHInJHIUSBUFBOESFMBUJWFMZMPX
DPTU$VSSFOUUJDLFUQSJDFTWBSZCFUXFFOUPQFSTFBU5IFTF
WFIJDMFTIBWFQSFEPNJOBOUMZQSJWBUFJOWFTUNFOUBTXFMMBTTPNFHPWFSONFOU
TVQQPSUUPFODPVSBHFUIFEFWFMPQNFOUBOENBSLFUPG437T
5IJTXBTBZFBSPGHBJOJOHNPNFOUVNGPS437T5IFUIJSEBOOVBM/FYU
(FOFSBUJPO4VCPSCJUBM3FTFBSDIFST$POGFSFODFXBTIFME'FCSVBSZJO
1BMP"MUP$BMJGPSOJBXJUIEPVCMFUIFBUUFOEFFTBOETQPOTPSTPGUIFQSFWJPVT
ZFBS0O0DUPCFSBU/FX.FYJDPT4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFT
45*(#WFIJDMFNBEFUIFmSTU'""MJDFOTFETVCPSCJUBMMBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU
"NFSJDB#MVF0SJHJO.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNTBOE61"FSPTQBDFBMMDPOEVDUFE
UFTUTPGUIFJSWFIJDMFTVOEFSBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOT4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT
DPOEVDUFETFWFOVOQPXFSFEnJHIUUFTUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPVOEFSBO'""
FYQFSJNFOUBMBJSXPSUIJOFTTDFSUJmDBUF
Operator
SRV
Seats*
Maximum
Cargo
kg (lb)
Price
Announced
Operational Date
Armadillo
45*(#
/PUBOOPVODFE
"FSPTQBDF
)ZQFSJPO
QFSTFBU
#MVF0SJHJO
/FX4IFQBSE
/PUBOOPVODFE
/PUBOOPVODFE
.BTUFO4QBDF
4ZTUFNT
9BFSP
/PUBOOPVODFE
/PUBOOPVODFE
9PHEPS
/PUBOOPVODFE
/PUBOOPVODFE
61"FSPTQBDF
4QBDF-PGU9-
QFSMBVODI
BDUVBM
7JSHJO(BMBDUJD
4QBDF4IJQ5XP
QFSTFBU
-ZOY.BSL*
QFr seat
-ZOY.BSL**
QFSTFBU
-ZOY.BSL***
QFSTFBU
GPSTNBMMTBU
MBVODI
9$03
"FSPTQBDF
1BTTFOHFSTPOMZTFWFSBMWFIJDMFTBSFQJMPUFE
/FUPGQBZMPBEJOGSBTUSVDUVSF
Table 5. SRVs and Providers
‡24‡
Suborbital Reusable Vehicles
$UPDGLOOR$HURVSDFH67,*DQG+\SHULRQ
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFGPVOEFECZ$&0+PIO$BSNBDLJTEFWFMPQJOHUXP437T
UIF4VCPSCJUBM5SBOTQPSU*OFSUJBMMZ(VJEFE45*(
SPDLFUOPUDSFXFE
BOEUIF
)ZQFSJPODSFXFE
5IF45*(GBNJMZPGWFIJDMFTBSFWFSUJDBMUBLFPGGWFSUJDBM
MBOEJOH757-
TVCPSCJUBMWFIJDMFTXJUIQBSBDIVUFTGPSMBOEJOH5IF45*(#JT
BMBSHFSWFSTJPOPGUIF45*("WFIJDMFBOEJTDBQBCMFPGMBVODIJOHLJMPHSBNT
QPVOE
QBZMPBETUPBOBMUJUVEFPGLJMPNFUFSTNJMFT
5IF)ZQFSJPOJTBMTPB757-WFIJDMF*UJTDBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHQBZMPBETPG
BQQSPYJNBUFMZLJMPHSBNTQPVOET
PSUXPQBTTFOHFSTUPBOBMUJUVEFPG
LJMPNFUFST5IFDVSSFOUBEWFSUJTFEDPTUJTQFSTFBUBOEPWFS
SFTFSWBUJPOTIBWFCFFONBEFUISPVHI4QBDF"EWFOUVSFT5IFWFIJDMFJTOPU
QJMPUFEJUJTGVMMZBVUPOPNPVT"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFTMBVODITJUFJT4QBDFQPSU
"NFSJDB
$YLGHRVWLOOIURP67,*$
ÁLJKWLQ-DQXDU\
near apogee.
Image credit: Armadillo
Aerospace
Armadillo Aerospace: 2012 Highlights
*O+BOVBSZ"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFMBVODIFEUIF45*("SPDLFUUPCFUXFFOBOE
LJMPNFUFSTBOENJMFT
BMUJUVEF)PXFWFSEVFUPBSFDPWFSZTZTUFNGBJMVSF
EVSJOHEFTDFOUUIFSPDLFUXBTEFTUSPZFE*O+VMZUIFDPNQBOZSFDFJWFEBO'""
TVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFMBVODIPQFSBUPSMJDFOTFGPSJUT45*(#SPDLFU
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFMBVODIFEUIF45*(#GSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDBPO0DUPCFS
5IJTXBT"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFTmSTUMJDFOTFEMBVODIBOEBMTPUIFmSTUMJDFOTFE
MBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB5IFMBVODIFYQFSJFODFEBOJOnJHIUBCPSUBOEEJE
not reach the planned altitude, but the vehicle was successfully recovered. The
vehicle also successfully launched on November 4.
%OXH2ULJLQ1HZ6KHSDUG
#MVF0SJHJOJTEFWFMPQJOHB757-WFIJDMFOBNFENew ShepardNew Shepard
XJMMDBSSZBQQSPYJNBUFMZLJMPHSBNTQPVOET
PGQBZMPBENBTTPSUISFFPS
NPSFDSFXUPBOBMUJUVEFPGLJMPNFUFSTNJMFT
4FQBSBUFQSPQVMTJPOBOE
DSFXNPEVMFTXJMMMBVODIUPHFUIFSUIFQSPQVMTJPONPEVMFXJMMTFQBSBUFBOEMBOE
BVUPOPNPVTMZXJUIBSPDLFUQPXFSFEWFSUJDBMMBOEJOHXIJMFUIFDSFXNPEVMFXJMM
MBOEXJUIQBSBDIVUFT
5IFDPNQBOZXBTGPVOEFEJOCZ+FGG#F[PTXIPBMTPGPVOEFE
"NB[PODPN#MVF0SJHJOJTIFBERVBSUFSFEJO8BTIJOHUPO4UBUFBOEUIF
DPNQBOZT8FTU5FYBT-BVODI4JUFJTOFBS7BO)PSO5FYBT
%OXH2ULJLQҋV&UHZ
Capsule escape system
WHVWLQ2FWREHU
,PDJHFUHGLW%OXH2ULJLQ
Blue Origin: 2012 Highlights
0O0DUPCFS#MVF0SJHJOQFSGPSNFEUIFmSTUUFTUPGUIFDPNQBOZTTVCPSCJUBM
Crew Capsule escape system. The “pusher escape system” reached an altitude of
GFFUNFUFST
BOEUIFOMBOEFETPGUMZVTJOHBQBSBDIVUF
‡25‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
0DVWHQ6SDFH6\VWHPV;DHURDQG;RJGRU
.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT.BTUFO
MPDBUFEJO.PKBWF$BMJGPSOJBJTEFWFMPQJOHB
MJOFPG437T9BFSPJTDVSSFOUMZBWBJMBCMFGPSLJMPHSBNQBZMPBEnJHIUT.BTUFO
JTEFWFMPQJOHBMBSHFSWFIJDMF9PHEPSDBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHIFBWJFSQBZMPBETUP
IJHIFSBMUJUVEFTBOEJOUFOETUPIBWFBQSPEVDUJPOWFIJDMFJOUIFGVUVSFOBNFE
&YUSFNF"MUJUVEF9"
0DVWHQҋV;DHURYHKLFOH
Image credit: Masten
Space Systems
9BFSPBOE9PHEPSBSFCPUIVODSFXFE757-WFIJDMFT6OMJLFPUIFS757-
WFIJDMFTUISPUUMF
BCMFFOHJOFTXJMM
Xaero
Xogdor
BMMPX9BFSPBOE
LN
LN
Max altitude
9PHEPSUPQFSGPSN
UPNJOVUFT
TBA
Flight Duration
TPGUMBOEJOHTWJB
UPTFDPOET
TBA
0LFURJUDYLW\'XUDWLRQ
EFDFMFSBUJPO
LH
LH
3D\ORDG0DVV
instead of
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7DEOH0DVWHQ6XERUELWDO9HKLFOH6SHFLÀFDWLRQV
0DVWHQ6SDFH6\VWHPV+LJKOLJKWV
*O+VOFBUFTUnJHIUPGUIF9BFSPWFIJDMFSFBDIFEBOBMUJUVEFPGNFUFST
GFFU
*O4FQUFNCFSBOPUIFSUFTUnJHIUPGUIF9BFSPWFIJDMFSFBDIFELJMPNFUFS
NJMFT
BMUJUVEFBOENFUUFTUPCKFDUJWFTCVUXBTMPTUEVSJOHMBOEJOH.BTUFOJTOPX
EFWFMPQJOHUIFGPMMPXPOWFIJDMF9BFSP#
UP Aerospace: SpaceLoft
61"FSPTQBDFPGGFSTUIF4QBDF-PGUMBVODIQMBUGPSN5IF4QBDF-PGUJTBO
PQFSBUJPOBMTJOHMFTUBHF757-VOHVJEFESPDLFU5IF4QBDF-PGUDBOUSBOTQPSU
VQUPLJMPHSBNTQPVOET
PGQBZMPBEUPBTUBOEBSENJTTJPOBMUJUVEFPG
LJMPNFUFSTNJMFT
5IFWFIJDMFIBTMBVODIFEBUPUBMPGTJYUJNFTTJODFJUT
JOBVHVSBMMBVODIJO4FQUFNCFS61"FSPTQBDFXBTGPVOEFEJOBOEJT
IFBERVBSUFSFEJO%FOWFS$PMPSBEPXJUIMBVODIGBDJMJUJFTBU4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB
UP Aerospace: 2012 Highlights
/DXQFKRI6SDFH/RIW
on April 5, 2012.
Image credit: NASA
5IFTJYUI4QBDF-PGUMBVODIXBTPO"QSJM4QBDF-PGUDBSSJFEQBZMPBETGPSUIF
0QFSBUJPOBMMZ3FTQPOTJWF4QBDFPGmDFJOUIF%P%4QBDF-PGUBMTPnFXUIF
4VCPSCJUBM'MJHIU&OWJSPONFOU.POJUPSUIFmSTUTQBDFnPXOQBZMPBEGPS/"4"T
Flight Opportunities Program.
‡26‡
Suborbital Reusable Vehicles
9LUJLQ*DODFWLF6SDFH6KLS7ZR
7JSHJO(BMBDUJDXBTGPVOEFEJOCZ4JS3JDIBSE
#SBOTPOBTQBSUPGQBSFOUDPNQBOZ7JSHJO(SPVQ7JSHJO
(BMBDUJDXJMMPGGFSDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBMnJHIUTXJUI
4QBDF4IJQ5XPBJSMBVODIFEGSPNBDBSSJFSWFIJDMFDBMMFE
8IJUF,OJHIU5XP4QBDF4IJQ5XPJTBIPSJ[POUBMUBLFPGG
IPSJ[POUBMMBOEJOH)5)-
QJMPUFEDSBGUXJUIUIFDBQBDJUZ
GPSLJMPHSBNTPGQBZMPBEPSTJYQBTTFOHFSTBOEUXP
QJMPUT4QBDF4IJQ5XPXJMMnZUPBNBYJNVNBMUJUVEFPGLJMPNFUFSTBMMPXJOH
BQQSPYJNBUFMZUISFFUPGPVSNJOVUFTPGNJDSPHSBWJUZ5IFUPUBMnJHIUEVSBUJPOJT
BQQSPYJNBUFMZNJOVUFTXJUIBNBYJNVNPG(TFYQFSJFODFE
4QBDF4IJQ5XPXBTEFWFMPQFECZ4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT'PSUIFNBOVGBDUVSFPG
BEEJUJPOBMWFIJDMFT7JSHJO(BMBDUJDJODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUI4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT
GPVOEFE5IF4QBDFTIJQ$PNQBOZ*O"VHVTU7JSHJO(BMBDUJDBDRVJSFE
GVMMPXOFSTIJQPG5IF4QBDFTIJQ$PNQBOZ4PGBSPWFSJOEJWJEVBMTIBWF
QVSDIBTFEUJDLFUTPSQMBDFEEFQPTJUTUPnZXJUI7JSHJO(BMBDUJD
Virgin Galactic: 2012 Highlights
5ISPVHIPVU7JSHJO(BMBDUJDDPOUJOVFEEFWFMPQJOH4QBDF4IJQ5XP*O
'FCSVBSZ7JSHJO(BMBDUJDBOOPVODFEBQBSUOFSTIJQXJUI/BOP3BDLTUPDPOTUSVDU
BSBDLTZTUFNGPSnZJOHSFTFBSDIQBZMPBETPO4QBDF4IJQ5XP5IJSUFFOIPUmSF
tests of RocketMotorTwo were conducted in 2012. In May, the FAA granted Scaled
$PNQPTJUFTBOFYQFSJNFOUBMMBVODIQFSNJU*O+VOFHMJEFUFTUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XP
commenced after a hiatus since September 2011. According to Scaled
$PNQPTJUFTi"MMPCKFDUJWFTBDIJFWFE(SFBUSFUVSOUPnJHIUþw'JWFPUIFSHMJEF
UFTUTXFSFEPOFJO+VOF+VMZBOE"VHVTU*O0DUPCFS7JSHJO(BMBDUJDGPVOEFS4JS
3JDIBSE#SBOTPODPOmSNFEiUIBUBMMNBKPSDPNQPOFOUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPTSPDLFU
TZTUFNIBWFCFFORVBMJmFEGPSQPXFSFEnJHIUw0O%FDFNCFS4QBDF4IJQ5XP
DPOEVDUFEUIFmSTUHMJEFUFTUJOUIFTIJQTQPXFSFEHMJEFDPOmHVSBUJPOXIJDIXBT
4QBDF4IJQ5XPTSEHMJEFnJHIU
Commercial Space Highlights: NanoRacks LLC
NanoRacks offers two permanently installed research platforms on the ISS for
commercial and educational use. In 2012, NanoRacks announced the development
PGJUT&YUFSOBM1MBUGPSN1SPHSBN&11
XIJDIXJMMBMMPXSFTFBSDIFSTUPFYQPTF
FYQFSJNFOUTUPUIFXFJHIUMFTTOFTTBOEWBDVVNPGTQBDF
‡27‡
3RZHUHGFRQÀJXUDWLRQ
JOLGHWHVWRI
SpaceShipTwo,
December 2012
Image credit: Scaled
Composites
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;&25$HURVSDFH/\Q[
9$03"FSPTQBDFJTEFWFMPQJOHUISFFWFSTJPOTPGUIFJS-ZOY
TVCPSCJUBMWFIJDMFUIF.BSL*QSPUPUZQFWFIJDMF
.BSL**QSPEVDUJPO
WFIJDMF
BOE.BSL***QSPEVDUJPOEFSJWBUJWFWFIJDMFXJUIBEPSTBM
QPE
5IF-ZOYGBNJMZPGWFIJDMFTBSFQJMPUFE)5)-WFIJDMFT
EFTJHOFEUPDBSSZPOFQJMPUBOEPOFQBSUJDJQBOU5IFJOJUJBMUFTU
WFIJDMFXJMMOPUDSPTTUIFCPVOEBSZPGTQBDFCVUUIF.BSL**BOE
.BSL***BSFEFTJHOFEUPSFBDIPWFSLJMPNFUFSTBMUJUVEF
$UWLVWҋVFRQFHSWLRQRIWKH
Lynx Mark III suborbital
vehicle with dorsal pod
payload.
,PDJHFUHGLW;&25
Aerospace
9$03"FSPTQBDFJTIFBERVBSUFSFEJO.PKBWF$BMJGPSOJBBOEQMBOTUPmSTU
PQFSBUFUIF-ZOYBU.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF1PSU*O9$03BOOPVODFEUXP
OFXMPDBUJPOTJUXJMMFTUBCMJTI3FTFBSDIBOE%FWFMPQNFOU$FOUFS)FBERVBSUFST
JO.JEMBOE5FYBTJOMBUFBOEBOPQFSBUJPOTBOENBOVGBDUVSJOHCBTFXJMM
PQFOJO'MPSJEBJOMBUF
0O+BOVBSZUIF6OJMFWFS(SPVQBOE4QBDF&YQFEJUJPO$PSQPSBUJPO
49$
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6OJMFWFSTTQBDFUIFNFE"9&"QPMMP™DBNQBJHOGPSUIF"9&CSBOEPGNFOT
QFSTPOBMDBSFQSPEVDUT
XCOR Aerospace: 2012 Highlights
5ISPVHIPVU9$03DPOUJOVFEUPEFWFMPQUIF-ZOY.BSL*9$03BOOPVODFE
in February that it completed a Series A round of equity funding totaling $5 million.
5IFDPNQBOZTUBUFEJUIBTTVGmDJFOUGVOETGPSUIFQSPEVDUJPOPGUIF.BSL*i8F
BSFQSPHSFTTJOHRVJDLMZPOCVJMEJOHBOEmFMEJOHUIF-ZOYBOEnZJOHJUJO<>w
TBJE9$03$00"OESFX/FMTPOBUUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4ZNQPTJVNGPS1FSTPOBM
BOE$PNNFSDJBM4QBDFnJHIU*41$4
JO-BT$SVDFT/FX.FYJDPJO0DUPCFS.S
/FMTPOBMTPBOOPVODFEUIFDPNQBOZIBEDPNQMFUFEBUFTUmSJOHPGUIF-09BOE
LFSPTFOFFOHJOFTVTJOH-09QJTUPOQVNQT
*O'FCSVBSZ4X3*BOE9$03BHSFFEUPnZ4X3*QBZMPBETQFDJBMJTUTBCPBSEPOFPS
UXPUFTUNJTTJPOTJOUIF-ZOY.BSL**O+VOF9$03BOOPVODFE4QBDF&YQFEJUJPO
$PSQPSBUJPO49$
XPVMECFUIFJS(FOFSBM4BMFT"HFOUGPSQFSTPOBMTQBDFnJHIU
TBMFT"MTPJO+VOF9$03BOOPVODFEUIFZBOE&YDBMJCVS"MNB[TJHOFEB
Memorandum of Understanding for training services.
5ISPVHIPVU9$03BOOPVODFETFWFSBMDPOUSBDUTGPSNBOVGBDUVSJOH
DPNQPOFOUTPGUIF-ZOY"5,XJMMCFUIF-ZOY.BSL*XJOHEFUBJMFEEFTJHOCVJME
contractor, FiberDyne Advanced Composites will manufacture the wing strake
assemblies, and AdamWorks will manufacture the cockpit.
‡28‡
Suborbital Reusable Vehicles
OTHER SUBORBITAL VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT
Operator / Vehicle
Remarks
Vehicle Details
#PPTUFS4QBDF*OEVTUSJFT
Sub-orbital Spacecraft
#PPTUFS4QBDF*OEVTUSJFTJT
EFWFMPQJOHBiTVCPSCJUBMBJSDSBGUw
#PPTUFSJTQMBOOJOHBUXPTUBHF
TZTUFNUIFmSTUTUBHFXJMMCFB
DPOWFOUJPOBMDPNNFSDJBMKFUBJSDSBGU
TJNJMBSUPBO"JSCVT"
DBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHUIFTVCPSCJUBM
BJSDSBGUUPBOBMUJUVEFPGBQQSPYJNBUFMZ
LJMPNFUFSTNJMFT
GPSMBVODI
#PPTUFSJTQSJNBSJMZCBTFEJO4QBJO
XJUIB&VSPQFBO6OJUFE4UBUFT
DPOTPSUJVN
Seats_
- Pilots
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AltitudeoLNNJ
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5IFQFSTPOXJMMTUBOEJOUIFWFIJDMF
GPSUIFFOUJSFNJTTJPOBOEXJMMCFBCMF
UPTFFUISPVHIBEFHSFFEPNF
BUUIFUPQ5IFDPNQBOZJTCBTFEJO
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Seats
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Off-shore VTVL (parachute landing)
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Tycho Brahe
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Rocketplane XP
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Table 7. Other Suborbital Vehicles in Development
*NBHF$SFEJUTGSPNUPQUPCPUUPN
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‡29‡
This page intentionally left blank.
‡30‡
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ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS
2QRUELWYHKLFOHVDQGSODWIRUPVWUDQVSRUWRUFRQWDLQFDUJRFUHZRUERWKLQORZ(DUWK
RUELW0RVWRIWKHVHVSDFHFUDIWDUHGHYHORSHGZLWKVRPHIXQGLQJIURPRUSDUWQHUVKLS
ZLWK1$6$
2Q0D\6SDFH;EHFDPHWKHÀUVWFRPPHUFLDOFRPSDQ\
to dock a spacecraft to the ISS.
Image credit: NASA
‡31‡
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DPNQBOJFTEFWFMPQOFXDBQBCJMJUJFTGPSUSBOTQPSUJOHDSFXBOEDBSHPUPUIF
*445IFTFTFSWJDFTBSFJOUFOEFEUPSFQMBDFTPNFPGUIF*44SFTVQQMZTFSWJDFT
QFSGPSNFECZUIF4QBDF4IVUUMF5IFmSTUPGUIFTFWFIJDMFT4QBDF9T%SBHPO
WFIJDMFCFDBNFPQFSBUJPOBMUIJTZFBSSFTUPSJOH/"4"TBCJMJUZUPEFMJWFSBOE
SFUSJFWFDBSHPJO-&0$SFXFEWFIJDMFTNBEFNBOZBEWBODFTUIJTZFBSCVUXJMM
OPUCFDPNFPQFSBUJPOBMGPSBUMFBTUUXPNPSFZFBST
Operator
Vehicle
Launch Vehicle
Maximum Cargo
kg (lb)
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First Flight
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7
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TBD
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Platform
On-Orbit
Vehicle
Maximum
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Table 8. On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms
‡32‡
On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms
SpaceX: Dragon
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VOQSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPBOEPSBDSFXPGVQUPTFWFOUPBOEGSPN-&05IFDBSHP
WFSTJPOJTDBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHLJMPHSBNTQPVOET
PGQBZMPBEUP
-&0BOEUSBOTQPSUJOHLJMPHSBNTQPVOET
PGNBUFSJBMCBDLUP&BSUI
5IFDSFXFEWFSTJPOJTBMNPTUJEFOUJDBMUPUIFDBSHPWFSTJPOCVUJODMVEFTBMJGF
TVQQPSUTZTUFNDSFXFTDBQFTZTUFNBOEPOCPBSEDPOUSPMTGPSUIFDSFXUPUBLF
PWFSGSPNUIFnJHIUDPNQVUFSXIFOOFFEFE
4QBDF9CFHBOEFWFMPQJOH%SBHPOJOUFSOBMMZJO"TQBSUPG/"4"T
$PNNFSDJBM$SFXBOE$BSHP1SPHSBN$10
UIFDPNQBOZIBTTJODFSFDFJWFE
/"4"GVOEJOHGPS%SBHPOTEFWFMPQNFOUBOEPQFSBUJPOJODMVEJOHBCJMMJPO
DPOUSBDUUPQSPWJEFBUMFBTUDBSHPSFTVQQMZNJTTJPOTUPUIF*445IF%SBHPO
TQBDFDSBGUMBVODIFTPO4QBDF9T'BMDPOWFIJDMF*O%SBHPOXJMMCF
MBVODIJOHPOBOVQHSBEFEWFSTJPOPG'BMDPO
SpaceX: 2012 Highlights
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splashdown into the
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Image credit: SpaceX
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UIFmSTUDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFDSBGUUPCFSUIXJUIUIF*44UIFmOBMTUFQJOQSPWJOH
the vehicle ready for transporting cargo to and from the ISS. In October, Dragon
DPNQMFUFEJUTmSTUPGDPOUSBDUFE$34NJTTJPOTUPEFMJWFSDBSHPUPUIF*44BOE
safely return ISS cargo to Earth. Dragon completed splashdown and was recovered
on October 28. It is the only operational spacecraft in the world capable of retrieving
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$ZHOVTJTBOBEWBODFENBOFVWFSJOHTQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFEUP
USBOTQPSUQSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPUPUIF*448JUI4QBDF90SCJUBMJTUIF
POMZPUIFSTQBDFDPNQBOZUPEFWFMPQBOPSCJUBMWFIJDMFUPQSPWJEF
DBSHPUPUIF*44VOEFS/"4"T$108JUIUIFTFDPOUSBDUT0SCJUBM
JTEFWFMPQJOHUIF$ZHOVTTQBDFDSBGUBOE"OUBSFTBOFXNFEJVN
DMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMF4DIFEVMFEUPCFHJOJO"OUBSFTXJMMMBVODI
$ZHOVTBOEB1SFTTVSJ[FE$BSHP.PEVMF1$.
XIJDIDBOEFMJWFS
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PGDBSHPUPUIF*445IF$ZHOVT
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TQBDFDSBGUBWJPOJDTQSPQVMTJPOBOEQPXFSUFDIOPMPHJFTBOEB1$.CBTFE
POUIFNVMUJQVSQPTFQSFTTVSJ[FEMPHJTUJDTNPEVMFEFWFMPQFECZ5IBMFT"MFOJB
4QBDFGPSUIF*44%VUDI4QBDFXJMMCVJMEUIFTPMBSBSSBZTUIBUQSPWJEFL8
PGQPXFSUP$ZHOVT*OBEEJUJPOUPEFMJWFSJOHDBSHP$ZHOVTXJMMEJTQPTFPG*44
USBTIXIJDIXJMMCVSOVQXJUIUIFTQBDFDSBGUPOSFFOUSZ0SCJUBMJTQSFQBSJOHUP
DPOEVDUJUTmSTUMBVODIPGUIF"OUBSFTWFIJDMFJOFBSMZBOEUIFmSTU$054
EFNPOTUSBUJPOPG$ZHOVTTIPSUMZBGUFS
‡33‡
Three complete Cygnus
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Orbital: 2012 Highlights
Orbital conducted various tests and reviews to prepare the Cygnus module for a
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joint avionics software validation testing, and a safety hazard assessment for the
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PGUISFF$ZHOVTNPEVMFTBOEUIFmSTU1$.XIJDIXJMMnZBCPBSEUIF$054
EFNPOTUSBUJPONJTTJPOJOXBTEFMJWFSFEUPUIFMBVODITJUFBU8''
Boeing: CST-100
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Image credit: Boeing
$SFX4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO$45
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DSFXNPEVMFBOETFSWJDFNPEVMF*UJTEFTJHOFEGPSUSBOTQPSUBUJPOPGVQUP
TFWFODSFXPSBDPNCJOBUJPOPGQFPQMFBOEDBSHPUPBOEGSPN-&0$45JT
EFTJHOFEUPCFSFVTFEVQUPUJNFTBOEJODMVEFTBMBVODIFTDBQFTZTUFN
5IF$45EFTJHOVTFTQSPWFOnJHIUDPNQPOFOUTGSPNIFSJUBHFTZTUFNTTVDI
BTBO"QPMMPQBSBDIVUFTZTUFNBOE0SJPOTBJSCBHMBOEJOHTZTUFN$45
XJMMMBVODIJOJUJBMMZPOUIF"UMBT7MBVODIWFIJDMFCVUUIFEFTJHOJTDPNQBUJCMF
XJUIBWBSJFUZPGMBVODIWFIJDMFT8IFO$45JTJOGVMMTDBMFEFWFMPQNFOU
4QBDF"EWFOUVSFTXJMMNBSLFUUSJQTUP-&0JOUIFWFIJDMFUPQSJWBUFDJUJ[FOT
BDDPSEJOHUPBOBHSFFNFOUXJUI#PFJOHGSPN#PFJOHQMBOTUPIBWF$45
PQFSBUJPOBMJO
Boeing: 2012 Highlights
Boeing completed several major tests of CST-100 this year. In May, CST-100
TVDDFTTGVMMZEFNPOTUSBUFEJUTFOUJSFMBOEJOHTZTUFNXJUIBNFUFS
GPPU
EFTDFOUPOUPBESZMBLFCFE*O+VOF$45QFSGPSNFEBOPUIFSQBSBDIVUF
ESPQUFTUUPEFNPOTUSBUFUIFSFVTBCJMJUZPGJUTQBSBDIVUFTZTUFN"MTPJO+VOF1SBUU
& Whitney Rocketdyne completed a series of tests on a thruster for CST-100. In
August, Boeing completed a jettison test of CST-100’s forward heat shield, which
XJMMQSPUFDUUIFTQBDFDSBGUTQBSBDIVUFT0UIFSTJHOJmDBOUFWFOUTUIJTZFBSJODMVEFE
water drop tests and a safety review of CST-100’s total system design.
Sierra Nevada Corporation: Dream Chaser
%SFBN$IBTFSJTBSFVTBCMFQJMPUFEMJGUJOHCPEZTQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFE
UPnZVQUPTFWFODSFXBOEDBSHPUPBOEGSPN-&0VTJOHOPOUPYJD
QSPQFMMBOU*UTEFTJHOEFSJWFTGSPN/"4"T)-FYQFSJNFOUBM
BJSDSBGUDPODFQU%SFBN$IBTFSXJMMMBVODIWFSUJDBMMZPOBO"UMBT7
MBVODIWFIJDMFNBOFVWFSJO-&0EPDLUPUIF*44QSPWJEFBMPXH
SFFOUSZ(T
BOEUIFOMBOEIPSJ[POUBMMZPOBDPOWFOUJPOBM
SVOXBZ5IFPOCPBSEQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNJTEFSJWFEGSPN4/$T
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Chaser.
Image credit: Sierra
Nevada
‡34‡
On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms
Sierra Nevada: 2012 Highlights
*O.BZ%SFBN$IBTFSDPNQMFUFEJUTmSTUDBQUJWFDBSSZEFNPOTUSBUJPOXIFO
an Erickson Air-Crane helicopter lifted the full-scale spacecraft to verify proper
BFSPEZOBNJDnJHIUQFSGPSNBODF-BUFSJOUIFZFBS%SFBN$IBTFSBMTPDPNQMFUFE
UXPPGJUTOJOF$PNNFSDJBM$SFX*OUFHSBUFE$BQBCJMJUZ$$J$BQ
NJMFTUPOFTB
program implementation plan review detailing the system’s planned tests and
activities, and an integrated system baseline review, which covered the Atlas V
launch vehicle, ground and mission systems, and the Dream Chaser spacecraft.
Blue Origin: Space Vehicle
#MVF0SJHJOT4QBDF7FIJDMFJTBSFVTBCMFCJDPOJDTIBQFEWFIJDMFEFTJHOFEUP
DBSSZVQUPTFWFODSFXDBSHPPSBDPNCJOBUJPOPGDSFXBOEDBSHPUPBOEGSPN
-&04QBDF7FIJDMFXJMMJOJUJBMMZMBVODIPOBO"UMBT7CVU#MVF0SJHJOJTBMTP
EFWFMPQJOHBSFVTBCMFmSTUTUBHFCPPTUFSUPMPGUUIFDBQTVMFJOUIFGVUVSF4QBDF
7FIJDMFXJMMVTFQBSBDIVUFTUPMBOEPOMBOE
Blue Origin: 2012 Highlights
In October, Blue Origin performed a successful pad escape test of Space Vehicle,
as part of its CCDev2 contract with NASA. Blue Origin also completed Space
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Crew Pressure Vessel
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PSJHJOBMMZEFWFMPQFEJOUIF4PWJFU6OJPOJOUIFNJET5IFTFNPEVMFTBSF
SFVTBCMFVQUPUJNFT&YDBMJCVS"MNB[BMTPQMBOTUPEFWFMPQTQBDFTUBUJPOT
UPQSPWJEFQMBUGPSNTGPSNJDSPHSBWJUZSFTFBSDIBOEBTEFTUJOBUJPOTGPSFYQMPSBUJPO
NJTTJPOT"MUIPVHI/"4"IBTOPUBXBSEFEUIFDPNQBOZBOZGVOEJOHGPSUIF
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design of the new RRV, its system requirements, and its compatibility with launch
vehicle alternatives.
‡35‡
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module prototypes,
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today.
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Aerospace
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to international customers, offering rides on the Dragon spacecraft, launched on a
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CRS mission, currently planned for 2015, and will remain installed on the ISS for
two years. During that time, ISS crew members, ground-based engineers, and
instruments inside BEAM will gather data on the module’s structural integrity, leak
rate, radiation levels, and temperature changes.
Commercial Space Highlights: Space Adventures
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visit the ISS will be Sarah Brightman, a recording artist and the world’s biggest
selling Soprano.
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LAUNCH SITES
Launch sites are sites dedicated to launching orbital or suborbital vehicles into space.
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DPNQPOFOUTGVFMBOENBJOUBJOWFIJDMFTBOEJOUFHSBUFWFIJDMFTXJUIQBZMPBET
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MBVODISBOHFXIJDIUZQJDBMMZJODMVEFTUSBDLJOHBOEUFMFNFUSZBTTFUT5IFTF
SBOHFBTTFUTNPOJUPSUIFWFIJDMFTQFSGPSNBODFVOUJMJUTBGFMZEFMJWFSTBQBZMPBE
JOUPPSCJUPSSFUVSOTUP&BSUI5SBDLJOHBOEUFMFNFUSZBTTFUTNBZBMTPGBDJMJUBUF
SFDPWFSZPGSFVTBCMFTUBHFT
2012 Highlights
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renewed licensing, and new construction. In September, FAA AST awarded nearly
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(SBOUTUPUIF&BTU
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and the Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. In
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GSPN/FX.FYJDPT4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB*O%FDFNCFSUIF7JSHJOJB$PNNFSDJBM
Space Flight Authority received a license renewal for operation of the Mid-Atlantic
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MARS was also completed in 2012.
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CFMPXMJTUTBMMPSCJUBMBOETVCPSCJUBM'""MJDFOTFEDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITJUFT
PGUFODBMMFETQBDFQPSUTJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT'JHVSF JEFOUJmFTUIFMPDBUJPOTPG
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Launch Site
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Table 9. FAA-licensed Commercial Launch Sites
‡38‡
Launch Sites
Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
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California Spaceport
Vandenberg AFB
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Spaceport America
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Figure 1. Launch Sites in the United States
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Table 10. U.S. Active Launch and Reentry Sites
‡40‡
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Launch Sites
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TUBHFTPGEFWFMPQNFOUTVNNBSJ[FEJOUIFUBCMFCFMPX
4QFDJmDEFUBJMTGPSMBVODIBOESFFOUSZTJUFTJOUIF64BSFMPDBUFEJOUIF
"QQFOEJYTFDUJPO
Proposed
Launch Site/
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Table 11. Proposed Launch and Reentry Sites in the United States
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MBVODITJUFT.BKPSTPVSDFTPGQVCMJDGVOEJOHBOEQVCMJDMZBOOPVODFEQSJWBUF
GVOEJOHGPSDPNNFSDJBMWFIJDMFTBOETQBDFQPSUTBSFTVNNBSJ[FECFMPX
PUBLIC FUNDING SOURCES
5IF64(PWFSONFOUJTCPUIBDVTUPNFSPGUIFTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZ
BOEBTPVSDFPGJOWFTUNFOU"TBDVTUPNFSUIF(PWFSONFOUDBOQSPDVSFTQBDF
USBOTQPSUBUJPOTFSWJDFTGPSTBUFMMJUFDBSHPBOEFWFOUVBMMZIVNBOTQBDFnJHIU
NJTTJPOT5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBTVNNBSZPGNBKPSTPVSDFTGPSSFDFOUQVCMJDGVOEJOH
GPSDPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMMBVODIWFIJDMFT437TPOPSCJUWFIJDMFTBOEQMBUGPSNT
BOETQBDFQPSUT
Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching Grants Program
5IF45*.(SBOUT1SPHSBNXBTFTUBCMJTIFEUPFOTVSFUIFSFTJMJFODZPGUIF
TQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOGSBTUSVDUVSFJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT-FHJTMBUJPOBVUIPSJ[FT
UIFEJTUSJCVUJPOPGGFEFSBMGVOEJOHJODPOKVODUJPOXJUINBUDIJOHTUBUFMPDBM
HPWFSONFOUBOEQSJWBUFGVOET.POFZGSPN45*.HSBOUTDBOCFVTFEGPS
UFDIOJDBMBOEFOWJSPONFOUBMTUVEJFTDPOTUSVDUJPOJNQSPWFNFOUBOEEFTJHO
BOEFOHJOFFSJOHPGTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOGSBTUSVDUVSFJODMVEJOHGBDJMJUJFT
BOEBTTPDJBUFEFRVJQNFOUBOESFBMQSPQFSUZUPNFFUUIFOFFETPGUIF64
DPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZ5IFQSPHSBNmSTUBQQSPQSJBUFEGVOET
JOmTDBMZFBS':
'"""45BXBSEFEBCPVUJO45*.HSBOUTJO4FQUFNCFS"VHVTU
BOE4FQUFNCFS
‡56‡
Funding
/DXQFK6LWH$XWKRULW\
State
Value
<HDURI$ZDUG
Purpose
"MBTLB"FSPTQBDF
$PSQPSBUJPO
"MBTLB
$POTUSVDUJPOPGBTPMJESPDLFUNPUPS
TUPSBHFGBDJMJUZBU,PEJBL-BVODI
$PNQMFY
&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU
%JTUSJDU
$BMJGPSOJB
"DRVJTJUJPOPGBOFNFSHFODZSFTDVF
WFIJDMFCBTFEBU.PKBWF"JSBOE
4QBDF1PSU
+BDLTPOWJMMF"WJBUJPO
"VUIPSJUZ
Florida
%SBGU$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU.BTUFS
1MBO
*OTUBMMBUJPOPGBO"VUPNBUFE
8FBUIFS0CTFSWJOH4ZTUFN"804
MPDBUFEBU4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB
/FX.FYJDP4QBDFQPSU
/FX.FYJDP
"VUIPSJUZ
7JSHJOJB$PNNFSDJBM
4QBDF'MJHIU"VUIPSJUZ
7JSHJOJB
4FDVSJUZBOESFNPUFNPOJUPSJOH
JNQSPWFNFOUTBU."34
&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU
%JTUSJDU
$BMJGPSOJB
%FWFMPQNFOUPGB4VQQMFNFOUBM
&OWJSPONFOUBM"TTFTTNFOU
$POTUSVDUJPOPGBNPCJMFTUSVDUVSF
UPQSPDFTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTCFGPSF
MBVODI
/FX.FYJDP4QBDFQPSU
/FX.FYJDP
"VUIPSJUZ
&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU
%JTUSJDU
$BMJGPSOJB
"DRVJTJUJPOPGTQFDJBMJ[FE
mSFmHIUJOHFRVJQNFOUBU.PKBWF"JS
BOE4QBDF1PSU
'SPOU3BOHF"JSQPSU
"VUIPSJUZ
$PMPSBEP
&OWJSPONFOUBMBTTFTTNFOUUP
QSFQBSFGPS'SPOU3BOHF4QBDFQPSU
'""MBVODITJUFBQQMJDBUJPO
)BXBJJ%FQBSUNFOUPG
#VTJOFTT&DPOPNJD
%FWFMPQNFOUBOE
5PVSJTN
)BXBJJ
&OWJSPONFOUBMBTTFTTNFOUUP
QSFQBSFGPS4QBDFQPSU,BMBFMPB'""
MBVODITJUFBQQMJDBUJPO
Table 16. FAA AST STIM Grants
‡57‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation
$POHSFTTBVUIPSJ[FEUIFFTUBCMJTINFOUPG"JS5SBOTQPSUBUJPO$FOUFSTPG
&YDFMMFODF$0&
VOEFSUIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPO3FTFBSDI
&OHJOFFSJOHBOE%FWFMPQNFOU"VUIPSJ[BUJPO"DUPG$0&TBSFZFBS
QBSUOFSTIJQTXJUIBDBEFNJBUIFJSJOEVTUSZQBSUOFSTBOEHPWFSONFOUUPDSFBUF
DPOTPSUJVNTUPDPOEVDUSFTFBSDIJOFOWJSPONFOUBWJBUJPOTBGFUZBDDFTTUP
TQBDFBOEPUIFSBDUJWJUJFTUPFOTVSFBTBGFBOEFGmDJFOUBJSUSBOTQPSUBUJPO
TZTUFN
*O"VHVTUUIF'"""ENJOJTUSBUPSTJHOFEBNFNPBHSFFJOHUPUIFDSFBUJPO
PGB$0&GPS$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO$45
UIBUXPVMECFTVQQPSUFE
BUBNJOJNVNMFWFMPGNJMMJPOQFSZFBSGPSZFBST*O"VHVTUUIF'""
BOOPVODFEUIFFTUBCMJTINFOUPGUIF$0&$45BOEDPPQFSBUJWFBHSFFNFOUT
XFSFTJHOFEXJUIOJOFNFNCFSVOJWFSTJUJFTJO4FQUFNCFS$0&$45
QSPWJEFTHSBOUTJOGPVSEJTUJODUSFTFBSDIBSFBTTQBDFUSBGmDNBOBHFNFOU
BOEPQFSBUJPOTTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOPQFSBUJPOTUFDIOPMPHJFTBOEQBZMPBET
IVNBOTQBDFnJHIUBOETQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZWJBCJMJUZ
"VOJRVFBUUSJCVUFPGUIF$0&QSPHSBNJTUIFPOFUPPOFNBUDIJOHSFRVJSFNFOU
GPSFWFSZGFEFSBMEPMMBSHSBOUFEUPB$0&VOJWFSTJUZ5IFNBUDIJOHSFRVJSFNFOU
DBOCFTBUJTmFEUISPVHIEJSFDUPSJOLJOEDPOUSJCVUJPOTGSPNBOZOPOGFEFSBM
GVOEJOHTPVSDFJODMVEJOHJOEVTUSZVOJWFSTJUJFTPSTUBUFBOEMPDBMHPWFSONFOU
PSHBOJ[BUJPOT
8QLYHUVLW\
$ZDUG
$ZDUG
$ZDUG
'MPSJEB*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ
'MPSJEB4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ
/FX.FYJDP*OTUJUVUFPG.JOJOHBOE5FDIOPMPHZ
/FX.FYJDP4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ
4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ
6OJWFSTJUZPG$FOUSBM'MPSJEB
6OJWFSTJUZPG$PMPSBEPBU#PVMEFS
6OJWFSTJUZPG'MPSJEB
6OJWFSTJUZPG5FYBT.FEJDBM#SBODI
Total
Table 17. FAA COE CST Grants
‡58‡
Funding
COE CST Member Universities
5IFOJOF$0&$45NFNCFSVOJWFSTJUJFTBSF
t 'MPSJEB*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ
t 'MPSJEB4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ
t /FX.FYJDP*OTUJUVUFPG.JOJOHBOE5FDIOPMPHZ
t /FX.FYJDP4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ
t 4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ
t 6OJWFSTJUZPG$FOUSBM'MPSJEB
t 6OJWFSTJUZPG$PMPSBEPBU#PVMEFS
t 6OJWFSTJUZPG'MPSJEB
t 6OJWFSTJUZPG5FYBT.FEJDBM#SBODIBU(BMWFTUPO
5IF$0&$45NFNCFSVOJWFSTJUJFTQSPWJEFBDPNQSFIFOTJWFEJTUSJCVUJPO
PGHFPHSBQIJDBMDPWFSBHFSFQSFTFOUJOHUIFFOUJSF$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF
5SBOTQPSUBUJPO*OEVTUSZJODMVEJOHUIFUPQGPVSDJWJMTQBDFTUBUFT$BMJGPSOJB
$PMPSBEP5FYBTBOE'MPSJEB
BOE/FX.FYJDPUIFTUBUFMFBEJOHUIFTVCPSCJUBM
JOEVTUSZBOEXJUIBTJHOJmDBOUMFWFMPGNJMJUBSZTQBDFBDUJWJUZ$PNCJOFE
UIFVOJWFSTJUJFTCSJOHPWFSPUIFSHPWFSONFOUJOEVTUSZBOEBDBEFNJD
PSHBOJ[BUJPOTBTSFTFBSDIQBSUOFST*O.D(JMM6OJWFSTJUZPG.POUSÏBM
$BOBEBKPJOFEUIF$0&$45BTUIFmSTU"GmMJBUF6OJWFSTJUZ
)LJXUH&2(&670HPEHUDQG$IÀOLDWH8QLYHUVLW\*HRJUDSKLF'LVWULEXWLRQ
‡59‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
FAA COE CST: 2012 Highlights
The following are the major milestones for the FAA COE CST in its second year:
t
Second Annual Administrative Meeting held at Florida State University in
Tallahassee, Florida on April 25-26.
t
$SFBUJPOPGUIF&YFDVUJWF$PNNJUUFFDPOTPMJEBUJOHUIF$PPSEJOBUJOHBOE
Planning Committees into a single entity, and creation of three subcommittees:
4FMG(PWFSOBODF4USBUFHJD1MBOOJOHBOE$PMMBCPSBUJPO
t
First full year of operation for the COE CST Industry Advisory Committee.
t
4FDPOE"OOVBM5FDIOJDBM.FFUJOHIFMEBU/.5JO4PDPSSP/FX.FYJDPPO
0DUPCFS/PWFNCFS
t
Nine new tasks begun, 24 ongoing tasks continued from the previous year, and
10 tasks were completed.
t
$0&$45CFOFmUFEGSPNUIFTFSWJDFTPGTUVEFOUTSFTFBSDIQBSUOFST
BOEJOEVTUSZQBSUOFST5IFDPNCJOFEFGGPSUSFTVMUFEJOUFDIOJDBMPS
programmatic papers published in journals or presented at conferences.
&RPPHUFLDO&UHZDQG&DUJR7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW
*O/"4"VOWFJMFEUIF$054QSPHSBN$054GPDVTFEFYDMVTJWFMZPOUIF
EFTJHOBOEEFWFMPQNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPTFSWJDFTUPUIF*445PUBM4""
GVOEJOHVOEFSUIJTQSPHSBNEJTUSJCVUFEBDDPSEJOHUPBNJMFTUPOFTDIFEVMFXBT
NJMMJPO8PSLPO$054EJSFDUMZMFEUPUIFBXBSEJOHPG$34DPOUSBDUTJO
5IFTFDPOUSBDUTDPWFSDBSHPnJHIUTUPUIF*445IFmSTU$34NJTTJPO
nFXJOBOEUIFmOBM$054NJTTJPOJTFYQFDUFEUPnZJOXIFO
0SCJUBMT"OUBSFTWFIJDMFMBVODIFTUIF$ZHOVTDBQTVMF
5PTUJNVMBUFDPNNFSDJBMEFWFMPQNFOUPGBDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPODBQBCJMJUZ
/"4"JOJUJBUFEUIF$$%FWFGGPSUJOXJUINJMMJPOPG"NFSJDBO
3FDPWFSZBOE3FJOWFTUNFOU"DUGVOEJOH*OBGUFSDPNQMFUJPOPGUIFJOJUJBM
$$%FWFGGPSU/"4"DPOUJOVFEJOWFTUJOHJODPNNFSDJBMDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPO
EFWFMPQNFOUXJUIUIFGPMMPXPO$$%FWQSPHSBNUPNBUVSFUIFEFTJHOBOE
EFWFMPQNFOUPGTZTUFNTFMFNFOUTTVDIBTMBVODIWFIJDMFTBOETQBDFDSBGU5IF
UPUBMWBMVFPG$$%FWXBTNJMMJPO
*O/"4"BOOPVODFEUIFOFYUQIBTFPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXEFWFMPQNFOU
$$J$BQ5IJTJOJUJBUJWFJTUPGBDJMJUBUFJOEVTUSZTEFWFMPQNFOUPGBOJOUFHSBUFE
DSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTZTUFN5IFUPUBMBXBSEWBMVFJTPWFSCJMMJPOUPCF
BMMPDBUFEBTFBDINJMFTUPOFJTDPNQMFUFE
‡60‡
Funding
Program
Year of
$ZDUG
Total
Potential
Value (in $M)
3D\PHQWV
Through FY
2011 (in $M)
Operator
Vehicles and Technologies
$054
4QBDF9
$BSHPUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTZTUFNEFWFMPQNFOU
%SBHPOTQBDFDSBGU
$054
3PDLFUQMBOF
,JTUMFS
$054
0SCJUBM
$BSHPUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTZTUFNEFWFMPQNFOU
$ZHOVTTQBDFDSBGU
$34
/"DPOUSBDU
not milestone
CBTFE
4QBDF9
%SBHPOnJHIUT
$34
/"DPOUSBDU
not milestone
CBTFE
0SCJUBM
$ZHOVTnJHIUT
$$%FW
4/$
.BUVSFDPNNFSDJBMDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPO
TZTUFN
$$%FW
#PFJOH
.BUVSFDPNNFSDJBMDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPO
TZTUFN
$$%FW
$$%FW
$$%FW
$$%FW
#PFJOH
$$%FW
4/$
$$%FW
,
6OJUFE-BVODI
.BUVSFFNFSHFODZEFUFDUJPOTZTUFN
"MMJBODF6-"
#MVF0SJHJO
.BUVSFQVTIFSFTDBQFTZTUFNBOE
DPNQPTJUFQSFTTVSFWFTTFM
1BSBHPO4QBDF .BUVSFBJSSFWJUBMJ[BUJPOTZTUFNDPODFQU
4QBDF9
$45EFTJHONBUVSBUJPOBDSPTT
milestones
%SFBN$IBTFSEFTJHONBUVSBUJPOBDSPTT
milestones
.BUVSF'BMDPO%SBHPOUSBOTQPSUBUJPO
TZTUFNGPDVTJOHPOEFWFMPQJOHBO
JOUFHSBUFETJEFNPVOUFEMBVODIBCPSU
TZTUFNBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$%FW
#MVF0SJHJO
.BUVSFTQBDFWFIJDMFEFTJHONBUVSF
QVTIFSFTDBQFTZTUFNBOEBDDFMFSBUF
FOHJOFEFWFMPQNFOUGPS3FVTBCMF#PPTUFS
4ZTUFN3#4
BDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$%FW
6OGVOEFE
/"
6-"
"EWBODFNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXTQBDF
USBOTQPSUBUJPOBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$%FW
6OGVOEFE
/"
"5,
"EWBODFNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXTQBDF
USBOTQPSUBUJPOTBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$%FW
6OGVOEFE
/"
&YDBMJCVS
"MNB[*OD
"EWBODFNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXTQBDF
USBOTQPSUBUJPOBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$J$BQ
TBD
#PFJOH
.BUVSF$45DSFXFETQBDFDSBGUBOE
JOGSBTUSVDUVSFBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$J$BQ
TBD
4QBDF9
.BUVSF%SBHPODSFXFETQBDFDSBGUBOE
JOGSBTUSVDUVSFBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$$J$BQ
TBD
4/$
.BUVSF%SFBN$IBTFSDSFXFETQBDFDSBGU
BOEJOGSBTUSVDUVSFBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT
$1$
TBD
#PFJOH
$SFXDFSUJmDBUJPO
$1$
TBD
4QBDF9
$SFXDFSUJmDBUJPO
$1$
TBD
4/$
$SFXDFSUJmDBUJPO
Table 18. NASA Commercial Crew and Cargo Funding
‡61‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
Other NASA funding
/"4"BOE#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFBHSFFEUPBmYFEQSJDFDPOUSBDUXPSUI
NJMMJPOGPS#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFUPCVJMEUIFJOnBUBCMFNPEVMF#&".%VSJOHJUT
UXPZFBSJOTUBMMBUJPOBUUIF*44#&".XJMMCFDPNQBSFEUPUSBEJUJPOBMBMVNJOVN
NPEVMFTJOUFSNTPGJUTTUSVDUVSBMJOUFHSJUZBOEIPXJUQSPUFDUTBHBJOTUSBEJBUJPO
BOEFYUSFNFUFNQFSBUVSFT
Flight Opportunities Program
/"4"T'MJHIU0QQPSUVOJUJFT1SPHSBNQSPWJEFTnJHIUPQQPSUVOJUJFTGPSUFDIOPMPHZ
QBZMPBET*OBEEJUJPOUPPGGFSJOHnJHIUTPOQBSBCPMJDBJSDSBGUBOEIJHIBMUJUVEF
DSBGUUIJTQSPHSBNIFMQTGPTUFSUIFDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBMJOEVTUSZCZPGGFSJOH
nJHIUPQQPSUVOJUJFTPO437T5IF'MJHIU0QQPSUVOJUJFT1SPHSBNDVSSFOUMZIBT
NJMMJPOBWBJMBCMFGPSnJHIUQVSDIBTFT
*OUIF'MJHIU0QQPSUVOJUJFT1SPHSBNTPMJDJUFEQSPQPTBMTGPSnJHIUBOE
QBZMPBEJOUFHSBUJPOGSPNUIFDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBMJOEVTUSZBOETFMFDUFETJY
437QSPWJEFSTJO"VHVTU
t "SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
t .BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT
t 61"FSPTQBDF*OD
t 7JSHJO(BMBDUJD
t 8IJUUJOHIJMM"FSPTQBDF--$
t 9$03
‡62‡
Funding
6PDOO%XVLQHVV,QQRYDWLRQ5HVHDUFKDQG6PDOO%XVLQHVV7HFKQRORJ\
Transfer Programs
4NBMM#VTJOFTT*OOPWBUJPO3FTFBSDI4#*3
BOE4NBMM#VTJOFTT5FDIOPMPHZ
5SBOTGFS4553
QSPHSBNTBSFDPNQFUJUJWFQSPHSBNTUIBUFODPVSBHF64
TNBMMCVTJOFTTFTUPFOHBHFJOSFTFBSDIBOEEFWFMPQNFOUXJUIUIFQPUFOUJBM
GPSDPNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO5IFWBMVFPGJOEJWJEVBMDPOUSBDUTBOEHSBOUTSBOHFGSPN
UPBCPVUNJMMJPO
4#*3TBOE4553TBSFTUSVDUVSFEJOQIBTFT5IFTUSVDUVSFTFUTCVEHFUBOEUJNF
HVJEFMJOFT(VJEFMJOFTBSFTFUBU,%P%
BOETJYNPOUITUPDPNQMFUF
QSPQPTFEXPSLGPS1IBTF*HSBOUTBOEVQUP.%P%
BOEUXPZFBSTUP
DPNQMFUFQSPQPTFEXPSLGPS1IBTF**BHSFFNFOUT"HFODJFTNVTUSFQPSU
BOESFDFJWFXBJWFSTGPSBMMBXBSETFYDFFEJOHUIFHVJEFMJOFBNPVOUT1IBTF
**QSPQPTBMTVCNJTTJPOTBSFVTVBMMZCZJOWJUBUJPOPOMZPSBGUFSTVDDFTTGVMMZ
DPNQMFUJOH1IBTF*
SBIR/STTR Recipient
$ZDUG$PRXQW
)XQGLQJ6RXUFH7\SH
Phase
<HDURI$ZDUG
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
64"'4#*31IBTF*
(BSWFZ4QBDFDSBGU
$PSQPSBUJPO
64"'4#*31IBTF*
64"'4#*31IBTF*
/"4"4#*31IBTF*
64"'4#*31IBTF**
.BTUFO4QBDF
4ZTUFNT
%"31"4#*31IBTF*
/"4"4#*31IBTF*
8IJUUJOHIJMM"FSPTQBDF
/"4"4#*31IBTF*
/"4"4#*31IBTF**
/"4"4#*31IBTF*
/"4"4#*31IBTF**
9$03"FSPTQBDF
%"31"45531IBTF**
64"'4#*31IBTF*
64"'4#*31IBTF*
%P%04%
4#*31IBTF*
64"'4#*31IBTF*
64"'4#*31IBTF**
/"4"4#*31IBTF*
Table 19. Select SBIR/STTR Funding by Company
‡63‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
PRIVATE FUNDING SOURCES
5IFMBSHFTUTPVSDFTPGQSJWBUFGVOEJOHDPNFGSPNDPSQPSBUFJOWFTUNFOU
JOEJWJEVBMDPOUSJCVUJPOTCZDPNQBOZGPVOEFSTBOEBOHFMJOWFTUPST5IFUBCMF
CFMPXTVNNBSJ[FTQVCMJDBMMZBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPOPOQSJWBUFGVOEJOHGPS
DPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOCZDPNQBOZ*UJTMJLFMZUIFSFBSFBEEJUJPOBM
JOWFTUNFOUDPOUSBDUTMPBOTPSHSBOUTUIBUIBWFOPUCFFOQVCMJDBMMZBOOPVODFE
Operator
Private Funding Comments
Suborbital
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
7JSHJO(BMBDUJD
4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT
_.JOWFTUFE+PIO$BSNBDL
_.JOWFTUFECZ4JS3JDIBSE#SBOTPO
.JOWFTUFECZ"BCBS*OWFTUNFOUTGSPN6"&
JO
.BEEJUJPOBMJOWFTUNFOUCZ"BCBS*OWFTUNFOUTJO
."OTBSJ913*;&GPSnJHIUTPG4QBDF4IJQ0OFCZ4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT
.GSPNQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTUISPVHI
.BEEJUJPOBMJOWFTUNFOUGSPNQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTJO
9$03
Orbital
4USBUPMBVODI4ZTUFNT
#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDF
&YDBMJCVS"MNB[
4QBDF9
7VMDBO*ODGPVOEFECZ1BVM"MMFOIBTJOWFTUFEJO4USBUPMBVODI
"MMFOFYQFDUTCVEHFUGPSQSPEVDUJPOPGmSTUWFIJDMFUPCF_.
_.JOWFTUFECZ3PCFSU#JHFMPXBOEDPVMEJOWFTUVQUPNJMMJPO
JOUPUIFFGGPSUCZ
i5FOTPGNJMMJPOTPGEPMMBSTwJOWFTUFECZ"SU%VMBBOEQBSUOFSTBTTUBUFECZ
%VMBJOJOUFSWJFX
.JOWFTUFECZ&MPO.VTL
.JOWFTUFECZQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTBTPG
Table 20. Summary of Publicly Available Information on Private Funding
‡64‡
&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP‡)HEUXDU\
LAUNCH DATA AND TRENDS
7KLVVHFWLRQSURYLGHVVXPPDULHVRIZRUOGZLGHODXQFKDFWLYLWLHVDQGIRUHFDVWVIRU
FRPPHUFLDOVSDFHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQODXQFKHVLQWKHQH[WWHQ\HDUV7KHVXPPDULHVDUHIURP
SUHYLRXVO\UHOHDVHG)$$$67UHSRUWVLQFOXGLQJ
‡
&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ<HDULQ5HYLHZ
‡
2012 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts
‡
Suborbital Reusable Vehicles: A 10-Year Forecast of Market Demand
2Q0D\6SDFH;ҋV)DOFRQPDGHWKHÀUVWRIWZR86FRPPHUFLDO
launches in 2012.
Image credit: SpaceX
‡65‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
SUMMARY OF COMMERCIAL SPACE
TRANSPORTATION: 2012 YEAR IN REVIEW
WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY
-BVODIQSPWJEFSTGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT3VTTJB&VSPQF$IJOB+BQBO*OEJB
*SBO/PSUI,PSFBBOEPOFNVMUJOBUJPOBMQSPWJEFSDPOEVDUFEBUPUBMPG
MBVODIFTJOPGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM4FF'JHVSFTBOEBOE
5BCMFTBOE
5IJTJTDPOTJTUFOUXJUIUIFZFBSBWFSBHFPGUPUBMMBVODIFT
BOEDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTQFSZFBS5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBTVNNBSZPGXPSMEXJEF
PSCJUBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJOCZDPVOUSZ
t 5IF6OJUFE4UBUFTIBEMBVODIFTJOXIJDIJTmWFGFXFSMBVODIFT
UIBOJO5XPPGUIFMBVODIFTXFSFDPNNFSDJBMUIFSFXFSFOP
DPNNFSDJBM64MBVODIFTJO
t 3VTTJBDPOUJOVFTUPIBWFUIFNPTUMBVODIFTBOOVBMMZ
BTXFMMBTNPTU
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
3VTTJBFYQFSJFODFEUXPMBVODIGBJMVSFTJODMVEJOH
BQBSUJBMGBJMVSFJOXIJDIUIFQBZMPBEFWFOUVBMMZSFBDIFEJUTJOUFOEFEPSCJU*O
3VTTJBIBEMBVODIFT
t &VSPQFDPOEVDUFEMBVODIFTJOPGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IF
mSTUMBVODIPGUIFOFX7FHBWFIJDMFUPPLQMBDFJO&VSPQFIBETJY
MBVODIFTJO
t $IJOBIBEUIFTBNFOVNCFSPGMBVODIFTJODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
JOBOE
t 5IFNVMUJOBUJPOBM4FB-BVODI;FOJU4-MBVODIWFIJDMFQFSGPSNFEUISFF
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
t *OEJBBOE+BQBOFBDIIBEUXPOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
t *SBOBUUFNQUFEUPMBVODIJUT4BmSWFIJDMFUISFFUJNFTBOEIBEUXPGBJMVSFT
t /PSUI,PSFBDPOEVDUFEUXPMBVODIBUUFNQUTPGJUT6OIBSPDLFU5IFmSTU
BUUFNQUGBJMFECVUUIFTFDPOEQMBDFEUIFmSTU/PSUI,PSFBOQBZMPBEJOUP
PSCJU
Multinational
3 (15%)
Commercial
20
China
2 (10%)
5PUBM
USA
2 (10%)
5PUBM
20 Commercial
Launches
78 launches
Russia
7 (35%)
Europe
6 (30%)
Non-Commercial
58
Figure 4. 2012 Total Worldwide
Launch Activity
‡66‡
Figure 5. 2012 Worldwide
Commercial Launch Activity
Launch Data and Trends
Country/Region
$PNNFSDJBM /PO$PNNFSDJBM -BVODIFT
-BVODIFT
-BVODIFT
6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJB
7
&VSPQF
$IJOB
+BQBO
*OEJB
*SBO
/PSUI,PSFB
.VMUJOBUJPOBM
TOTAL
20
58
78
Table 21. 2012 Worldwide Orbital Launch Events
Date
Vehicle
Launching
&RXQWU\
Region
'FC
1SPUPO.
3VTTJB
4&4
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1SPUPO.
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(&0
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"QS
1SPUPO.
3VTTJB
:BITBU#
(&0
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(&0
(&0
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3D\ORDGV
Orbit
Launch
Outcome
.BZ
"SJBOF
&VSPQF
+$4"5
7JOBTBU
.BZ
1SPUPO.
3VTTJB
/JNJR
(&0
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.BZ
'BMDPO
64"
%SBHPO$054%FNP
-&0
4VDDFTT
+VO
;FOJU4-
.VMUJOBUJPOBM
*OUFMTBU
(&0
4VDDFTT
(&0
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+VM
"SJBOF
&VSPQF
&DIPTUBS97**
.4(
+VM
1SPUPO.
3VTTJB
4&4
(&0
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"VH
"SJBOF
&VSPQF
):-"4
*OUFMTBU
(&0
(&0
4VDDFTT
"VH
;FOJU4-
.VMUJOBUJPOBM
*OUFMTBU
(&0
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4FQ
"SJBOF
&VSPQF
"TUSB'
(4"5
(&0
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0DU
'BMDPO
64"
%SBHPO*44%
03#$0..0(
-&0
-&0
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0DU
1SPUPO.
3VTTJB
*OUFMTBU
(&0
4VDDFTT
(&0
(&0
4VDDFTT
/PW
"SJBOF
&VSPQF
4UBS0OF$
&VUFMTBU#
/PW
1SPUPO.
3VTTJB
&DIPTUBS97*
(&0
4VDDFTT
%FD
;FOJU4-
.VMUJOBUJPOBM
&VUFMTBU#
(&0
4VDDFTT
%FD
-POH.BSDI%
$IJOB
(ÚLUVSL
440
4VDDFTT
%FD
"SJBOF
&VSPQF
4LZ/FU%
.FY4BU
(&0
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Table 22. 2012 Worldwide Commercial Launch Events
‡67‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
5IFPSCJUBMMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZMBVODIWFIJDMFJTQSFTFOUFEJO'JHVSF
Russia
10
China
9
8
Europe
7
United States
Launches
6
5
10
9
9
4
6
North
Korea
India
2
4
4
Japan
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
Multinational
Iran
7
3 6
3
2
1
1 1
0
2 3 4
5 g a
V V 9 L
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k
s aI n X
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a
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t
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Figure 6. 2012 Launch Vehicle Use
*OUIF"QQFOEJYUIF8PSMEXJEF0SCJUBM-BVODIFT&WFOUTUBCMFTIPXTBMM
PSCJUBMMBVODIFTXPSMEXJEFJOJODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBMDJWJMBOENJMJUBSZ
NJTTJPOT
‡68‡
L
Launch Data and Trends
:RUOGZLGH/DXQFK5HYHQXHV
&TUJNBUFESFWFOVFTGSPNUIFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFWFOUTJOBNPVOUFE
UPBQQSPYJNBUFMZCJMMJPO5IFTFSFWFOVFTBSFDPOTJTUFOUXJUIDPNNFSDJBM
MBVODISFWFOVFJOBOECVUTIPXBOFBSMZIBMGCJMMJPOEPMMBSJODSFBTF
PWFS4FF'JHVSF
.PSFEFUBJMPOmWFZFBSSFWFOVFUSFOETDBOCFGPVOE
JOUIF4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO5SFOETTFDUJPO5IFGPMMPXJOHBSFSFWFOVFTCZ
DPVOUSZ
t
$PNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTBNPVOUFEUPNJMMJPO
t 3VTTJBODPNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTXFSFBQQSPYJNBUFMZNJMMJPOEPXO
BCPVUQFSDFOUGSPNMBTUZFBSQSJNBSJMZEVFUP1SPUPOGBJMVSFTDBVTJOH
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTUPTMJQUP
t &VSPQFBOSFWFOVFTXFSFBQQSPYJNBUFMZCJMMJPOBQFSDFOUJODSFBTF
PWFSSFWFOVFT
t $IJOFTFSFWFOVFTESPQQFEGSPNCZNJMMJPOGPSBOFTUJNBUFEUPUBM
PGNJMMJPO
t .VMUJOBUJPOBM4FB-BVODI
SFWFOVFTXFSFBQQSPYJNBUFMZNJMMJPOVQ
GSPNNJMMJPOJO
1BZNFOUTGPSMBVODITFSWJDFTBSFUZQJDBMMZTQSFBEPWFSPOFUPUXPZFBSTCFGPSF
UIFMBVODICVUGPSUIFQVSQPTFTPGUIJTSFQPSUSFWFOVFJTDPVOUFEJOUIFZFBSB
DVTUPNFSTQBZMPBEMBVODIFT-BVODISFWFOVFTBSFBUUSJCVUFEUPUIFDPVOUSZPS
SFHJPOXIFSFUIFQSJNBSZWFIJDMFNBOVGBDUVSFSJTCBTFE5IFTFSFWFOVFTBSF
BTTFTTFECBTFEPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIQSJDFFTUJNBUFTGPSFBDIMBVODIWFIJDMF
VTJOHQVCMJDBMMZBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPO
.PTUMBVODIWFIJDMFTUPEBZBSFNBOVGBDUVSFETPMEBOEMBVODIFECZUIFTBNF
PSHBOJ[BUJPOJOPOFDPVOUSZPSXJUIJOBQBSUJDVMBSFDPOPNJDSFHJPO4FB-BVODI
"(IPXFWFSJTBNVMUJOBUJPOBMMBVODITFSWJDFDPSQPSBUJPO
*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BVODI4FSWJDFT*-4
BOE"SJBOFTQBDFDPOTUJUVUFBOFYDFQUJPO*-4JTB3VTTJBOPXOFEDPNQBOZJODPSQPSBUFE
JOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTBOETFMMJOHMBVODIFTPGUIF3VTTJBO1SPUPOWFIJDMFT"SJBOFTQBDFNBSLFUTMBVODIFTPGB3VTTJBO
NBOVGBDUVSFE4PZV[WFIJDMFGSPNUIF,PVSPVMBVODITJUFJO'SFODI(VJBOB
US$ Millions
$800
$1,320
$600
$400
$595
$200
$0
$300
$108
USA
Russia
Europe
$90
China
Multinational
Figure 7. Estimated 2012 Commercial Launch Revenues
‡69‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
:RUOGZLGH2UELWDO3D\ORDG6XPPDU\
*OMBVODIFTDBSSJFEBUPUBMPGQBZMPBETUPPSCJUTFF5BCMFBOE
'JHVSFTBOE
"QQSPYJNBUFMZQFSDFOUQBZMPBET
QSPWJEFDPNNFSDJBM
TFSWJDFT4FF'JHVSFGPSUIFTFQBZMPBETCZMBVODIDPVOUSZ
5IFSFNBJOJOH
QFSDFOUQBZMPBET
XFSFVTFEGPSOPODPNNFSDJBMDJWJMHPWFSONFOU
NJMJUBSZPSOPOQSPmUQVSQPTFT
5IFXPSMEXJEFPSCJUBMMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZQBZMPBEVTFUZQFJTQSFTFOUFEJO
'JHVSF
8QNQRZQ
&ODVVLÀHG
Test: 2 (1%)
/PO
$PNNFSDJBM $PNNFSDJBM
Total
1BZMPBET
1BZMPBET
1BZMPBET
Country/
Region
6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJB
&VSPQF
7
$IJOB
+BQBO
*OEJB
*SBO
/PSUI,PSFB
.VMUJOBUJPOBM
TOTAL
27
112
139
6FLHQWLÀF
11 (8%)
Communications
42 (30%)
Remote
Sensing
21 (15%)
5PUBM
SD\ORDGV
Navigation
9 (6%)
ISS
7 (5%)
Meteorological
3 (2%)
&UHZHG
5 (4%)
Development
31 (22%)
Intelligence: 5 (4%)
(DUO\:DUQLQJ
Figure 8. Payload Use Type
Table 23. Payloads Launched by Country in 2012
45
Non-commercial
Commercial
40
35
3D\ORDGV
30
25
24
20
15
18
25
27
10
10
5
0
3
USA
Russia
10
7
Europe
3
3
1
China
India
3
Japan
Iran
Figure 9. 2012 Total Worldwide Launch Activity by Payload
‡70‡
2
3
North Multinational
Korea
Launch Data and Trends
&RPPHUFLDO/DXQFK3D\ORDG6XPPDU\
5XFOUZDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTDBSSJFEBUPUBMPGDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPO
DPNNFSDJBMQBZMPBETJOUPPSCJU'PVSPGUIFTFDPNNFSDJBMMZMBVODIFEQBZMPBET
XFSFEFQMPZFEJOOPOHFPTZODISPOPVTPSCJUT/(40
BOEXFSFMBVODIFE
UPBHFPTUBUJPOBSZPSCJU(&0
TFF5BCMF
5XPPGUIF/(40QBZMPBET
XFSFMBVODIFTPGUIF%SBHPODBQTVMFBTQBSUPG/"4"T$054BOE$34
QSPHSBN5IFPUIFSUXP/(40QBZMPBETXFSF5VSLFZT(ÚLUVSLTBUFMMJUFBOE
UIF03#$0..0(TBUFMMJUF"MMCVUPOF(&0QBZMPBE.4(B&VSPQFBO
NFUFPSPMPHJDBMTBUFMMJUF
XFSFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT
03#$0..0(BDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFXBTMBVODIFEBTBTFDPOEBSZ
QBZMPBEPO4QBDF9TNJTTJPOUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF4UBUJPO*44
5IF
MBVODIXBTDPOTJEFSFEBTVDDFTTCFDBVTFJUNFUJUTQSJNBSZPCKFDUJWFPG
USBOTQPSUJOHUIF%SBHPODBQTVMFUPUIF*44CVUJUGBJMFEUPQMBDFUIF03#$0..
TBUFMMJUFJOUPJUTJOUFOEFEPSCJUEVFUPBOBOPNBMZPOPOFPGUIF'BMDPOTmSTU
TUBHFFOHJOFT#FDBVTFPGUIFFOHJOFTIVUEPXOBOEUPSFNBJOJODPNQMJBODF
XJUIUIFQMBOBQQSPWFEGPS%SBHPOEFMJWFSZUPUIF*44UIFSPDLFUXBTOPU
BMMPXFEUPFYFDVUFUIFTFDPOECVSO'PSUIJTSFBTPOUIFTBUFMMJUFXBTEFQMPZFE
JOBOPSCJUMPXFSUIBOJOUFOEFE
0GUIFDPNNFSDJBMMZMBVODIFEQBZMPBETQSPWJEFDPNNFSDJBMTFSWJDFT
BOEBSFOPODPNNFSDJBMDJWJMPSEFGFOTF
5IFHPWFSONFOUTPG*OEJB.FYJDP
6OJUFE,JOHEPNBOE7JFUOBN
Launch Vehicle
Payload
Service Type
Use
MBVODIFEDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
"SJBOF
7JOBTBU
$JWJM
$PNNVOJDBUJPOT
TBUFMMJUFTDPNNFSDJBMMZBMMPO
"SJBOF
.4(
$JWJM
.FUFPSPMPHJDBM
"SJBOFWFIJDMFT&VSPQFT
"SJBOF
(4"5
$JWJM
$PNNVOJDBUJPOT
NFUFPSPMPHJDBMBHFODZ
4LZ/FU%
.JMJUBSZ
$PNNVOJDBUJPOT
&VNFUTBUMBVODIFEBXFBUIFS "SJBOF
.FY4BU
$JWJM
$PNNVOJDBUJPOT
TBUFMMJUFPOBO"SJBOFBOE
-POH.BSDI%
(ÚLUVSL
.JMJUBSZ
*OUFMMJHFODF
5VSLFZMBVODIFEBNJMJUBSZ
TBUFMMJUFPOB-POH.BSDI$
Table 24. Commercially Launched
WFIJDMF4FF5BCMF
Government Civil and Military Payloads
North Korea: 2 (1%)
Multinational: 3 (2%)
Iran: 3 (2%)
Japan: 10 (7%)
USA
28 (20%)
India: 4 (3%)
Multinational
3 (11%)
China
3 (11%)
5PUBM
China
30 (22%)
India
1 (4%)
SD\ORDGV
launched
Russia
34 (24%)
5PUBM
27 commercial
SD\ORDGV
launched
Russia
10 (37%)
Europe
7 (26%)
Europe
25 (18%)
Figure 10. Total Payloads Launched
by Country in 2012
USA
3 (11%)
Figure 11. Commercial Payloads Launched
by Country in 2012
‡71‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
Non-Commercial Launches
*OUIFSFXFSFOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTDBSSZJOHBUPUBMPG
QBZMPBET'JGUZmWFQBZMPBETXFSFGPSDJWJMHPWFSONFOUQVSQPTFTQBZMPBET
XFSFGPSNJMJUBSZVTFBOEQBZMPBETXFSFGPSOPOQSPmUNJTTJPOTVOJWFSTJUJFT
4JYQBZMPBETXFSFDPNNFSDJBMmWFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT‰03#$0..T
7FTTFMTBU*OEPOFTJBT5FMLPN"154BUFMMJUFT"14UBS#$IJOBTBU
BOE(B[QSPN4QBDF4ZTUFNT:BNBM,BOE‰BOEPOFSFNPUFTFOTJOH
TBUFMMJUF'SBODFT41054FF'JHVSFBOE5BCMF
Commercial
6 (5%)
*OBMMmWFMBVODIGBJMVSFTXFSF
OPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT*SBOT
4BmSWFIJDMFGBJMFEUXJDFJO.BZBOE
1RQ3URÀW
14 (13%)
4FQUFNCFSBOE/PSUI,PSFBT6OIB
SPDLFUGBJMFEPODF5IFPUIFSUXP
GBJMVSFTXFSFXJUI3VTTJBT1SPUPO.
5PUBM
WFIJDMF5IF"VHVTU1SPUPOGBJMVSF
112
QRQFRPPHUFLDOO\
SFTVMUFEJOUIFMPTTPG*OEPOFTJBT
launched
5FMLPNBOE3VTTJBT&YQSFTT
SD\ORDGV
Government
.%DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT5IF
0LOLWDU\
Government
37 (33%)
%FDFNCFSGBJMVSFXBTDPOTJEFSFE
Civil
QBSUJBMCFDBVTFUIF:BNBMTBUFMMJUF
55 (49%)
VTFEJUTPXOQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNUP
SFBDIJUTUBSHFUPSCJU5IF1SPUPO.BMTP
FYQFSJFODFEGBJMVSFTJOBOE Figure 12. Non-commercially Launched Payloads
by Service Type
&RXQWU\
6HUYLFH7\SH
$JWJM
6OJUFE
4UBUFT
.JMJUBSZ
/PO1SPmU
3VTTJB
$JWJM
.JMJUBSZ
$JWJM
&VSPQF
*SBO
/PSUI,PSFB
"&)'"&/&"4.604/BWTUBS(14'/30---/044"-
/044#-4.%$0/&0/&8(4BOE9#057
$*/&."$*448&$1BOE$9#/
#FMLB&YBDU7JFX&YQSFTT.%(POFUT.BOE.,BOPQVT#-VDI#
.FU0Q#.*31SPHSFTT....BOE.4'&3"4PZV[5.".
..BOE.5&5BOE;POE11
$PTNPTBOE.FSJEJBO
"57-"3&4(BMJMFPBOEBOE1MFJBEFT)3
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9"5$0#&0
$JWJM
'FOHOJBP#BOE"'FOH:VO')VBO+JOH$4IFO[IPV%FDFOU.PEVMFBOE
0SCJUBM.PEVMF5JBO)VJ#5JBOMJBO$73449JOZBOBOE;J:VBO
.JMJUBSZ
+BQBO
"FSPDVCF"#BOE$/V45"30654"545"3&"BOE7BO"MMFO1SPCF"BOE#
/PO1SPmU
$IJOB
*OEJB
3D\ORDGV
$JWJM
.JMJUBSZ
$JWJM
#FJEPV$...BOE.#FJEPV(BOE($IJOBTBU"4IJKJBO"BOE
#5JBOUVP:BPHBO.BJO4VCTBUBOE4VCTBU
N3&4*/4BOE1SPJUFSFT
3JTBU
''JU4BU($0.8)57,PNQTBU4%45FDI&E4BUBOE8F8JTI
/PO1SPmU
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.JMJUBSZ
'BKSBOE6OLOPXO*SBOJBO4BUFMMJUF
.JMJUBSZ
,XBOHNZPOHTPOHBOE,XBOHNZPOHTPOH
7DEOH1RQFRPPHUFLDOO\/DXQFKHG3D\ORDGVIRU*RYHUQPHQW&LYLO0LOLWDU\RU1RQ3URÀW8VH
‡72‡
Launch Data and Trends
U.S. AND FAA-LICENSED ORBITAL LAUNCH AND
REENTRY ACTIVITY
)$$/LFHQVHG2UELWDO/DXQFK6XPPDU\
5IFSFXFSFmWF'""MJDFOTFEPSCJUBMMBVODIFTJO4QBDF9T'BMDPO
WFIJDMFNBEFUXPMJDFOTFEMBVODIFTUPUIF*44*O.BZ4QBDF9DPNQMFUFE
JUTTFDPOEnJHIUVOEFS/"4"T$054QSPHSBNBOEJO0DUPCFSUIFDPNQBOZ
MBVODIFEJUTmSTUnJHIUVOEFS/"4"T$34QSPHSBN4FB-BVODIT;FOJU4-
WFIJDMFQFSGPSNFEUISFFMJDFOTFEMBVODIFTXIJDIDBSSJFE*OUFMTBU*OUFMTBU
BOE&VUFMTBU#DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTUP(&0TFF5BCMF
0WFSUIFQBTUmWFZFBST'""IBTPOBWFSBHFMJDFOTFEGPVSPSmWFMBVODIFTQFS
ZFBS)PXFWFSJO'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIFTJODMVEJOH4FB-BVODI;FOJU
4-MBVODIFTPGDPNNFSDJBM(&0DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT"4FB-BVODI
;FOJU4-QFSGPSNFEUIFPOMZ'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIJOXIJDIMBVODIFEB
DPNNFSDJBM(&0DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF"UMBOUJD#JSEGPS&VUFMTBU'JHVSFT
BOETVNNBSJ[FUIFOVNCFSPG'""MJDFOTFEPSCJUBMMBVODIFTBOESFWFOVF
GSPN
Date
Vehicle
3ULPDU\3D\ORDG
.BZ
'BMDPO
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-&0
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Orbit Launch Outcome
Table 26. 2012 FAA-Licensed Orbital Launch Events
12
10
Launches
8
6
11
4
5
2
5
4
1
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
Figure 13. FAA-licensed Orbital Launch Events, 2008-2012
‡73‡
2012
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
$700
$600
US$ Millions
$500
$400
$690
$300
$398
$200
$408
$307
$100
$100
$0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 14. Estimated Revenue for FAA-licensed Orbital Launch Events, 2008-2012
)$$5HHQWU\/LFHQVH6XPPDU\
5IFSFXFSFUXPSFFOUSJFTDPOEVDUFEVOEFS'""SFFOUSZ
MJDFOTFTJO4QBDF9T%SBHPOTQBDFDSBGUQFSGPSNFE
CPUIMJDFOTFESFFOUSJFTJO.BZBOE0DUPCFSDPNQMFUJOH
JUTmOBM$054BOEmSTU$34NJTTJPOTUPUIF*444FF
5BCMFGPSEFUBJMT
Vehicle
2012 Total
Reentries
2
United States
2012
Licensed
Reentries
2
Launch
Reliability
(2012)
2/2 100%
Reentry
Reliability
(Last 10
Years)
3/3 100%
64MBVODIWFIJDMFTQSPWJEFE64HPWFSONFOU
MBVODIFTBOEDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJO5IF64
%FQBSUNFOUPG%FGFOTF%P%
IBEOJOFMBVODIFTXIJDI
XBTUIFTBNFOVNCFSBTMBTUZFBS5IFTFOJOFNJTTJPOT
DBSSJFEGPVS/BUJPOBM3FDPOOBJTTBODF0GmDF/30
QBZMPBETBOEmWF%P%PS%P%TQPOTPSFEQBZMPBET
JODMVEJOHQBZMPBETGPSUIF64/BWZBOE64"JS'PSDF
/"4"IBEUXPMBVODIFTJOEPXOGSPNMBTUZFBST
VOVTVBMMZIJHIOVNCFSPGOJOF/"4"TUXPMBVODIFTEP
OPUDPVOUUIFUXPDPNNFSDJBM4QBDF9MBVODIFTUPUIF
*44XIJDI/"4"QBJEGPS
5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FT64
BOE'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIWFIJDMFTBDUJWFJO
5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBMJTUPG64CBTFEMBVODITFSWJDF
QSPWJEFSTIJHIMJHIUJOHUIFJSMBVODIBDUJWJUZJO*U
JODMVEFTBMMDPNQBOJFTUIBUMBVODIGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT
PSVOEFSUIFSFHVMBUPSZPWFSTJHIUPGUIF'"""45
‡74‡
SpaceX
Dragon
Year
of First
Reentry
2010
Reentry
Sites
3DFLÀF
Ocean
Payload
to LEO, kg
(lbs)
6,000
(13,228)
Payload
from LEO,
kg (lbs)
3,000
(6,614)
Table 27. FAA-Licensed
Reentry Vehicles Active
in 2012
Launch Data and Trends
Pegasus
XL
Delta IV
Medium+
(4,2)
Delta IV
Medium+
(5,2)
Delta IV
Medium+
(5,4)
Delta IV
Heavy
Atlas V
401
Atlas V
501
Atlas V
531
Atlas V
551
Falcon 9
Dragon
Zenit
3SL
2012 Total
Launches
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
3
2012
Licensed
Launches
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
Launch
Reliability
(2012)
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
3/3
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
2/2
100%
3/3
100%
Launch
Reliability
(Last 10
Years)
11/11
100%
9/9
100%
1/1
100%
2/2
100%
5/6
83%
14/14
100%
4/4
100%
2/2
100%
3/3
100%
4/4
100%
26/27
96%
Year
of First
Launch
1994
2002
2012
2009
2004
2002
2010
2011
2006
2010
1999
Active
Launch
Sites
CCAFS,
Kwajalein
Island,
VAFB
CCAFS,
VAFB
CCAFS,
VAFB
CCAFS,
VAFB
CCAFS,
VAFB
CCAFS,
VAFB
CCAFS,
VAFB
CCAFS,
KSC
CCAFS
CCAFS
Odyssey
3DFLÀF
Ocean
Platform
LEO kg
(lbs)
450
(992)
12,477
(27,507)
11,062
(25,387)
13,774
(30,365)
22,560
(49,736)
9,797
(21,598)
8,123
(17,908)
15,575
(34,337)
18,814
(41,478)
13,150
(28,991)
--
GTO kg
(lbs)
--
6,267
(13,817)
5,433
(11,978)
7,434
(16,389)
14,420
(31,791)
4,750
(10,470)
3,775
(8,320)
7,475
(16,470)
8,900
(19,620)
4,850
(10,692)
6,160
(13,580)
Vehicle
Table 28. U.S. and FAA-Licensed Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
‡75‡
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2UELWDO6FLHQFHV&RUSRUDWLRQ
0SCJUBMQSPWJEFTUIF.JOPUBVS1FHBTVTBOE5BVSVTWFIJDMFTGPSPSCJUBMMBVODI
*O0SCJUBMQMBOTUPMBVODIBOFXWFIJDMF"OUBSFTBTQBSUPG/"4"T
DPNNFSDJBMDBSHPQSPHSBN
0SCJUBMQFSGPSNFEPOFMBVODIJO*O+VOFB1FHBTVT9-MBVODIFE/"4"T
9SBZUFMFTDPQF/V45"3GSPN,XBKBMFJO*TMBOE
6 S D F H ( [ S O R U D W L R Q 7H F K Q R O R J L H V & R U S R U D W L R Q
4QBDF9QFSGPSNFEUXP'BMDPOMBVODIFTJOJO.BZBOE0DUPCFSDBSSZJOH
TVQQMJFTUPUIF*44JOUIF%SBHPODBQTVMF5IFTFNJTTJPOTXFSFQFSGPSNFE
VOEFS/"4"T$054BOE$34QSPHSBNTBOEXFSFUIFmSTUDPNNFSDJBMNJTTJPOT
UPUIF*44
United Launch Alliance
6OJUFE-BVODI"MMJBODF6-"
DPOEVDUTMBVODIFTGPSUIFOPODPNNFSDJBM
64HPWFSONFOUMBVODINBSLFU6-"NBOVGBDUVSFTBOEPQFSBUFT#PFJOH
IFSJUBHF%FMUBWFIJDMFTBOE-PDLIFFE.BSUJOIFSJUBHF"UMBTWFIJDMFT6-"JTB
QBSUOFSTIJQCFUXFFO#PFJOHBOE-PDLIFFE.BSUJO
*O6-"DPOEVDUFEOPODPNNFSDJBM64HPWFSONFOUMBVODIFT
t %FMUB*7WFIJDMFTQMBDFEGPVS%P%QBZMPBETJOUPPSCJU8(4/30-
/30-BOE/BWTUBS(14'
t "UMBT7WFIJDMFTQMBDFETJYQBZMPBETmWF%P%BOEPOF/"4"JOUPPSCJU
.604"&)'/30-/30-9#057BOE7BO"MMFO1SPCF
"BOE#
FA A - L i c e n s e d M u l t i n a t i o n a l L a u n c h e s : S e a L a u n c h A G
;FOJU4-BMBVODIWFIJDMFPQFSBUFECZNVMUJOBUJPOBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODI
QSPWJEFS4FB-BVODI"(EFQMPZFEUISFFDPNNFSDJBM(&0DPNNVOJDBUJPOT
TBUFMMJUFTGPSDPNNFSDJBMPQFSBUPST*OUFMTBUBOE&VUFMTBU5IFTFMBVODIFTXFSF
QFSGPSNFEVOEFS'""MJDFOTFT
‡76‡
Launch Data and Trends
NON-U.S. ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITIES
5IFGPMMPXJOHTFDUJPOPGUIFSFQPSUIJHIMJHIUTOPO64MBVODIBDUJWJUZPOB
DPVOUSZCZDPVOUSZCBTJT
Russia
*OUIFSFXFSF3VTTJBOMBVODIFT5XFOUZUXPPGUIFTFXFSFTVDDFTTGVM
POF1SPUPO.GBJMFEBOEPOF1SPUPO.FYQFSJFODFEBQBSUJBMGBJMVSF&MFWFO
MBVODIFTXFSFXJUI1SPUPOWFIJDMFTXJUI4PZV[WFIJDMFTBOEXJUIB3PDLPU
WFIJDMF5XFOUZUXPPGUIFNJTTJPOTMBVODIFEGSPN#BJLPOVS$PTNPESPNF
BOEUXP3VTTJBO4QBDF'PSDFTNJTTJPOTMBVODIFEGSPN1MFTFUFL5BCMF
TVNNBSJ[FT3VTTJBOMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZWFIJDMF
4FWFOMBVODIFTXFSFDPNNFSDJBMBOEXFSFOPODPNNFSDJBM5IFOPO
DPNNFSDJBMNJTTJPOTBSFEFUBJMFECFMPX
t &JHIU4PZV[MBVODIFTXFSFEFEJDBUFE*44NJTTJPOTJOWPMWJOHGPVS1SPHSFTT
.DBSHPNJTTJPOTBOEGPVS4PZV[TQBDFDSBGUDSFXFYDIBOHFNJTTJPOT
t 3VTTJBONJMJUBSZDPOEVDUFEGPVSNJTTJPOT"1SPUPOWFIJDMFMBVODIFE
DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF$PTNPT5XP4PZV[WFIJDMFTMBVODIFEUXP
DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT$PTNPTBOE.FSJEJBO"3PDLPUWFIJDMF
MBVODIFEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF$PTNPTXJUIUISFFHPWFSONFOU
DJWJMTFDPOEBSZQBZMPBETDPNBOJGFTUJOH
t 3VTTJBFYFDVUFEUISFFMBVODIFTGPSDJWJMQVSQPTFT5XP4PZV[WFIJDMFT
MBVODIFEBSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF,BOPQVT#BOEBNFUFPSPMPHJDBM
TBUFMMJUF.FU0Q#"1SPUPO.MBVODIFE-VDI#DPNBOJGFTUFEXJUIB
DPNNFSDJBMQBZMPBEUIFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF:BNBM,
t 0OFOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIXJUIB1SPUPO.EFQMPZFEBDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
TBUFMMJUF:BNBM
t 0OFNPSF1SPUPO.WFIJDMFBUUFNQUFEUPMBVODIUXPDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
TBUFMMJUFT&YQSFTT.%GPS3VTTJBO4BUFMMJUF$PNNVOJDBUJPOT$PNQBOZ
34$$
BOE5FMLPNGPS155FMLPNPG*OEPOFTJB5IFMBVODIBUUFNQU
SFTVMUFEJOBGBJMVSF
‡77‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BVODI4FSWJDFT*-4
QSPWJEFEMBVODITFSWJDFTGPSFJHIU1SPUPO.
MBVODIFT"MMFJHIUNJTTJPOTXFSFUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTUP(&05XPPG
UIFTBUFMMJUFTXFSFGPS4&4UXPGPS*OUFMTBUBOEPOFFBDIGPS5FMFTBU$BOBEB
&DIPTUBS$PNNVOJDBUJPOTBOE6OJUFE"SBC&NJSBUFT:BITBU6OEFS'""T
EFmOJUJPOGPSBDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITFWFOPGUIFTFMBVODIFTBSFDPOTJEFSFE
DPNNFSDJBMNJTTJPOT5IFMBVODIPGUIF:BNBMTBUFMMJUFGPS(B[QSPN4QBDF
4ZTUFNTJTOPUDPOTJEFSFEDPNNFSDJBMCFDBVTFJUEJEOPUNFFU'""TDSJUFSJB
PGBOJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZDPNQFUFEMBVODI5ZQJDBMMZBMM3VTTJBODPNNFSDJBM1SPUPO
MBVODIFTBSFVOEFSBDPOUSBDUXJUI*-4
Vehicle
Rockot
Soyuz
Soyuz 2
Soyuz U
Proton K
Proton M
Country/Region
Russia
Russia
Russia
Russia
Russia
Russia
2012 Total Launches
1
9
2
1
1
10
Launch Reliability
(2012)
1/1
100%
9/9
100%
2/2
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
9/10
90%
Launch Reliability
(Last 10 Years)
14/15
93%
92/95
97%
15/17
88%
4/4
100%
18/18
100%
60/67
90%
Year of First Launch
1994
1963
2004
2009
1967
2000
Plesetsk
Baikonur
Baikonur
Active Launch Sites
Baikonur, Baikonur, Baikonur,
Plesetsk Plesetsk Plesetsk
LEO kg (lbs)
2,150
(4,740)
6,708
(14,758)
4,850
(10,692)
6,700
(14,740)
19,760
(43,570)
23,000
(50,706)
GTO kg (lbs)
--
1,350
(2,975)
1,700
(3,800)
--
4,430
(9,770)
6,920
(15,256)
Table 29. Russian Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
‡78‡
Launch Data and Trends
Europe
&VSPQFDPOEVDUFEMBVODIFTJOGSPNJUTTQBDFQPSUJO'SFODI(VJBOB
4FWFOXFSFXJUI"SJBOFWFIJDMFTUXPXJUI4PZV[WFIJDMFTBOEUIF7FHBSPDLFU
NBEFJUTJOBVHVSBMMBVODI4JYPGUIF"SJBOFMBVODIFTXFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IF
PUIFSGPVS&VSPQFBOMBVODIFTXFSFOPODPNNFSDJBMDBSSZJOHQBZMPBETGPSUIF
&VSPQFBO4QBDF"HFODZ'SFODI4QBDF"HFODZBOE*UBMJBO4QBDF"HFODZ
5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FT&VSPQFBOMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZWFIJDMF.PSFEFUBJMTPO
&VSPQFBOMBVODIFTBSFCFMPX
t
4JY"SJBOF&$"MBVODIWFIJDMFTQMBDFETBUFMMJUFTJO(&0
JODMVEJOHTFWFODPNNFSDJBMUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTPOFNJMJUBSZ
DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFUISFFDJWJMHPWFSONFOUDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT
BOEBNFUFPSPMPHJDBMTBUFMMJUF"MM"SJBOF&$"MBVODIFTXFSFEVBM
NBOJGFTUTPG(&0TBUFMMJUFT
t
"O"SJBOF&4MBVODIFEUIFUIJSE"VUPNBUFE5SBOTGFS7FIJDMFCSJOHJOH
DBSHPUPUIF*44
t
5IFmSTU4PZV[MBVODIFEUXP(BMJMFPTBUFMMJUFT
t
5IFTFDPOE4PZV[DBSSJFEUIF1MFJBEFT#SFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF
t
7FHBMBVODIFEOJOFTBUFMMJUFTUP-&0JODMVEJOHPOFDJWJMBOEFJHIUOPOQSPmU
QBZMPBET
Vehicle
Vega
Ariane 5 ECA
Ariane 5 ES-ATV
Soyuz 2
Europe
Europe
Europe
Europe
1
6
1
2
Launch Reliability
(2012)
1/1
100%
6/6
100%
1/1
100%
2/2
100%
Launch Reliability
(Last 10 Years)
1/1
100%
38/39
97%
3/3
100%
4/4
100%
Year of First Launch
2012
2002
2008
2011
Active Launch Sites
Kourou
Kourou
Kourou
Kourou
LEO kg (lbs)
1,500
(3,307)
21,000
(46,297)
21,000
(46,297)
4,850
(10,692)
GTO kg (lbs)
--
9,500
(20,944)
--
3,250
(7,165)
Country/Region
2012 Total Launches
Table 30. European Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
‡79‡
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China
$IJOBDPOEVDUFEPSCJUBMMBVODIFTJODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJO
‰UIFTBNFOVNCFSBTJO/JOFMBVODIFTXFSFDPOEVDUFEGSPNUIF
9JDIBOH4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFSmWFGSPNUIF+JVRVBO4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFS
BOEmWFGSPNUIF5BJZVBO4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFS5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FT
$IJOFTFMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZWFIJDMF.PSFEFUBJMTPO$IJOFTFMBVODIFTBSFCFMPX
t /JOFMBVODIFTXFSFGPS$IJOBTNJMJUBSZ5IFTFMBVODIFTEFQMPZFEmWF
#FJEPVOBWJHBUJPOTBUFMMJUFTmWF:BPHBOSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTUISFF
TDJFOUJmDBOEEFWFMPQNFOUTBUFMMJUFTBOEPOFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF
$IJOBTBU"
t 4JYMBVODIFTXFSFGPS$IJOBTDJWJMHPWFSONFOUBHFODJFT0OFXBTBIVNBO
NJTTPOUIF4IFO[IPVWFIJDMFMBVODIFEUISFFDSFXJODMVEJOH$IJOBT
mSTUGFNBMFBTUSPOBVUBOEEPDLFEGPSUIFmSTUUJNFXJUIUIF5JBOHPOH
TQBDFNPEVMF5IFPUIFSmWFDJWJMMBVODIFTEFQMPZFETBUFMMJUFTJODMVEJOH
POFNFUFPSPMPHJDBMTBUFMMJUFUISFFSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTBOEPOF
DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFGPS$"45"DPNNVOJDBUJPOTNJDSPTBUFMMJUF
7FTTFMTBUGPS03#$0..XBTMBVODIFEBTBQJHHZCBDLQBZMPBEDP
NBOJGFTUJOHXJUIPOFPGUIFUISFFSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFT;JZVBO
t 5XPMBVODIFTXFSFDPNNFSDJBM0OFMBVODIEFQMPZFEUIF"145"3TBUFMMJUF
GPS"154BUFMMJUF)PMEJOHT-UEPG)POH,POH5IFTFDPOEDPNNFSDJBM
MBVODIEFQMPZFEUIF(ÚLUVSLTBUFMMJUFGPS5VSLFZT.JOJTUSZPG%FGFOTF
t 0OFOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFQMPZFEUIF7344TBUFMMJUFCVJMUCZ$IJOB
GPS7FOF[VFMBBOEBOPUIFSOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFQMPZFE"145"3#
UIFTFDPOETBUFMMJUFGPS"154BUFMMJUF)PMEJOHT-UE"145"3#XBTPSJHJOBMMZ
PSEFSFEBTBCBDLVQUP"145"3*UXBTUSBOTGFSSFEUPUIF$IJOFTF
(PWFSONFOUBOEXJMMCFPQFSBUFEBT$IJOBTBU
‡80‡
Launch Data and Trends
Vehicle
Long
March
2C
Long
March
2D
Long
March
2F
Long
March
3A
Long
March
3B
Long
March
3C
Long
March
4B
Long
March
4C
Country/Region
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
2012 Total
Launches
2
3
1
1
5
3
2
2
Launch
Reliability
(2012)
2/2
100%
3/3
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
5/5
100%
3/3
100%
2/2
100%
2/2
100%
Launch
Reliability
(Last 10 Years)
16/17
94%
15/15
100%
8/8
100%
17/17
100%
18/18
100%
10/10
100%
16/16
100%
8/8
100%
Year of First
Launch
1975
1992
1999
1994
1996
2008
1999
2007
Jiuquan,
Taiyuan,
Xichang
Jiuquan
Jiuquan
Taiyuan,
Xichang
Xichang
Xichang
Taiyuan
Taiyuan
LEO kg (lbs)
3,850
(8,488)
1,300
(2,866)
8,400
(18,500)
--
--
--
4,200
(9,259)
4,200
(9,259)
GTO kg (lbs)
1,250
(2,756)
--
--
2,600
(5,732)
5,100
(11,244)
3,800
(8,378)
1,500
(3,300)
1,500
(3,300)
Active Launch
Sites
Table 31. Chinese Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
Japan
+BQBOIBEUXPMBVODIFTUIJTZFBSPOF)**"MBVODIPGQBZMPBETUPTVO
TZODISPOPVTPSCJU440
BOEPOF)**#*44DBSHPSFTVQQMZNJTTJPO+BQBOBMTP
IBEUXPMBVODIFTJOPOF)**"BOEPOF)**#*O4FQUFNCFSUIF+BQBO
"FSPTQBDF&YQMPSBUJPO"HFODZ+"9"
BOE.JUTVCJTIJ)FBWZ*OEVTUSJFT-5%
.)*
BOOPVODFEBOFGGPSUUPQSJWBUJ[FUIF)**#MBVODITFSWJDF6OEFSUIFOFX
BSSBOHFNFOU+"9"XJMMQSPDVSFUIF)**#USBOTQPSUBUJPOBOEMBVODITFSWJDFGSPN
.)*XIFOJUMBVODIFTBQBZMPBEPOUIF)**#
India
5IF*OEJBO4QBDF3FTFBSDI0SHBOJ[BUJPO*430
QFSGPSNFEUXP14-7MBVODIFT
JO5IFQSJNBSZQBZMPBETXFSFSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTUP440*O"QSJM
*430MBVODIFEJUT$CBOETZOUIFUJDBQFSUVSF3BEBS3*4"5XIJDIJTJOUFOEFE
QSJNBSJMZGPSOBUVSBMSFTPVSDFQMBOOJOH5IFTFDPOE14-7MBVODIEFQMPZFE
'SBODFTSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF4105*OEJBIBEUISFF14-7MBVODIFTJO
‡81‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
Iran
*SBOT4BmSSPDLFUBUUFNQUFEUPMBVODIUISFFUJNFT5IF'FCSVBSZMBVODI
EFQMPZFE/BWJEF&MNP4BOBUBSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFJO-&05XPPUIFS
BUUFNQUTJO.BZBOE4FQUFNCFSSFTVMUFEJOGBJMVSFT
North Korea
5IF/PSUI,PSFBO6OIBSPDLFUNBEFUXPMBVODIBUUFNQUT5IFmSTUJO"QSJM
GBJMFE5IFTFDPOEMBVODIJO%FDFNCFSBQQFBSFEUPQVUBQBZMPBEJO-&0B
mSTUGPS/PSUI,PSFB
5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FTUIFMBVODIWFIJDMFTPG+BQBO*OEJB*SBOBOE/PSUI,PSFB
UIBUXFSFBDUJWFJO
Vehicle
H IIA
H IIB
PSLV CA
PSLV XL
6DÀU
Unha
Country/Region
Japan
Japan
India
India
Iran
North
Korea
1
1
1
1
3
2
Launch
Reliability (2012)
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/1
100%
1/3
33%
1/2
50%
Launch
Reliability
(Last 10 Years)
19/20
95%
3/3
100%
2/2
100%
1/1
100%
3/6
50%
1/3
33%
Year of First
Launch
2001
2009
2009
2012
2009
2009
Tanegashima
Tanegashima
Satish
Dhawan
Satish
Dhawan
Semnan
Providence
Musudanri
LEO kg (lbs)
10,000
(23,046)
16,500
(36,376)
2,100
(4,630)
1,800
(3,968)
27
(60)
100
(220)
GTO kg (lbs)
6,000
(13,228)
8,000
(17,600)
--
1,140
(2,513)
--
--
2012 Total
Launches
Active Launch
Sites
Table 32. Japanese, Indian, Iranian, and North Korean Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
‡82‡
Launch Data and Trends
FAA SUBORBITAL FLIGHT SUMMARY
0O0DUPCFSBOE/PWFNCFS"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFDPOEVDUFEUIFmSTU
FWFSMJDFOTFEMBVODIFTPVUPG4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDBXJUIUIFJS45*(#TVCPSCJUBM
SFVTBCMFWFIJDMF437
5IF0DUPCFS45*(#nJHIUXBTUIFmSTUMJDFOTFE
MBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB5IFMBVODIFYQFSJFODFEBOJOnJHIUBCPSU
NFBOJOHJUEJEOPUSFBDIJUTQMBOOFEBMUJUVEFCVUUIFWFIJDMFXBTTVDDFTTGVMMZ
SFDPWFSFEJOUBDUBOEMBUFSVTFEUPDPOEVDUMBVODIUFTUTJO/PWFNCFS"SNBEJMMP
TVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFEJUT45*("WFIJDMFBTBDMBTTBNBUFVSSPDLFUJO+BOVBSZ
CVUUIFWFIJDMFXBTMPTUEVSJOHSFDPWFSZ
%VFUPUIFDIBOHFTJOUIFBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOTJOUIBUSFNPWFEUIF
TFDPOECVSOUJNFMJNJU"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF#MVF0SJHJO4QBDF9.BTUFO
BOE61"FSPTQBDFXFSFBMMBCMFUPDPOEVDUTPNFPGUIFJSMBVODIFTVOEFSUIF
BNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOT"OBNBUFVSSPDLFUJTBOVONBOOFESPDLFUUIBUIBT
MFTTUIBOQPVOETFDPOETPGUPUBMJNQVMTFBOEDBOOPUSFBDIBOBMUJUVEF
HSFBUFSUIBOLJMPNFUFSTBCPWFUIFFBSUITTVSGBDF5IFSFBSFUISFFEJGGFSFOU
BNBUFVSSPDLFUDMBTTFTJO$'31BSU$MBTTJTBNPEFMSPDLFUUIBUVTFT
OPNPSFUIBOPVODFTPGQSPQFMMBOUVTFTBTMPXCVSOJOHQSPQFMMBOUJTNBEF
PGQBQFSXPPEPSCSFBLBCMFQMBTUJDDPOUBJOTOPTVCTUBOUJBMNFUBMQBSUTBOE
XFJHITOPNPSFUIBOPVODFTJODMVEJOHUIFQSPQFMMBOU$MBTTJTBIJHI
QPXFSSPDLFUPUIFSUIBOBNPEFMSPDLFUUIBUJTQSPQFMMFECZBNPUPSPSNPUPST
IBWJOHBDPNCJOFEUPUBMJNQVMTFPGQPVOETFDPOETPSMFTT$MBTTJTBO
BEWBODFEIJHIQPXFSSPDLFUPUIFSUIBOBNPEFMSPDLFUPSIJHIQPXFSSPDLFU
4QBDF9TVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUFEJUT(SBTTIPQQFSWFIJDMFUISFFUJNFTEVSJOHBU
UIFDPNQBOZTUFTUJOHGBDJMJUJFTJO.D(SFHPS5FYBT5IFmSTUUFTUXBTDPOEVDUFE
VOEFSUIFBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOTBOEBMMTVCTFRVFOUUFTUTXFSFDPOEVDUFE
VOEFSBO'""FYQFSJNFOUBMQFSNJUCFDBVTFPGUIFTJ[FBOEQPXFSPGUIF.FSMJO
%FOHJOF*OJUTUIJSEUFTUPO%FDFNCFS(SBTTIPQQFSMJGUFEPGGWFSUJDBMMZUP
BOBMUJUVEFPGNFUFSTGFFU
IPWFSFEBOETVDDFTTGVMMZMBOEFEWFSUJDBMMZ
CBDLPOUIFQBE5IF(SBTTIPQQFSJTBnJHIUUFTUWFIJDMFUIBUTVQQPSUTUIF
DPNQBOZTQSPHSBNUPEFWFMPQBSFVTBCMF'BMDPOmSTUTUBHF
Operator
7\SHRI)$$$XWKRUL]DWLRQ
Launch Date
Vehicle
Armadillo
"FSPTQBDF
-BVODI0QFSBUPS-JDFOTF
0DU
/PW
45*(#
4DBMFE
$PNQPTJUFT
"JSXPSUIJOFTT$FSUJmDBUF
%FD
"VH
"VH
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+VM
+VO
+VO
4QBDF4IJQ5XP
4QBDF9
&YQFSJNFOUBM1FSNJU
%FD
/PW
(SBTTIPQQFS
Table 33. FAA 2012 Suborbital License and Flight Summary
‡83‡
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#MVF0SJHJOTVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUFEJUTMBVODIFTDBQFTZTUFNGPSUIF/FX4IFQBSE
437BUJUTMBVODIGBDJMJUZJO8FTU5FYBTVOEFSUIFBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOT
.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNTDPOEVDUFETFWFSBMUFTUTGSPNJUTMPDBUJPOBU.PKBWF"JS
BOE4QBDF1PSU5IFDPNQBOZTVDDFTTGVMMZmSFEJUT,BUBOBFOHJOF,"4
UIBU
XJMMCFVTFEGPSJUT9PHEPS437BOE9FVTMVOBSMBOEFSEFNPOTUSBUPS.BTUFOT
9BFSP437TVDDFFEFEJOSFBDIJOHBOBMUJUVEFPGNFUFSTGFFU
JO
+VMZBOEUPQQFEPOFLJMPNFUFSJOBMUJUVEFJO4FQUFNCFS"UISPUUMFWBMWFGBJMVSF
PDDVSSFEEVSJOHUIFMBTUnJHIUVMUJNBUFMZEFTUSPZJOHUIFWFIJDMFVQPOJNQBDUXJUI
UIFHSPVOE5IFDPNQBOZJTDPOTUSVDUJOHUIF9BFSP#XIJDIXJMMCFQPXFSFE
CZ.BTUFOTOFX4DJNJUBSFOHJOF'JOBMMZ.BTUFOTVDDFTTGVMMZDPOEVDUFE
BUSBOTMBUJPOnJHIUVTJOHJUT9PNCJFWFIJDMFXIJDIMBVODIFEWFSUJDBMMZUPBO
BMUJUVEFPGNFUFSTGFFU
USBOTMBUFEIPSJ[POUBMMZNFUFST
GFFU
BOEMBOEFEWFSUJDBMMZPOBOPUIFSQBE4PGBSBMM.BTUFOnJHIUTIBWF
MBVODIFEBTBNBUVFSSPDLFUT
0O"QSJM61"FSPTQBDFDPOEVDUFEJUTUFOUIMBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB
DBSSZJOHQBZMPBETGPS%P%/"4"UIF'""$FOUFSPG&YDFMMFODFGPS$PNNFSDJBM
4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPOBOEUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG5FYBT5IFDPNQBOZMBVODIFTJUT
4QBDF-PGUWFIJDMFBTBDMBTTBNBUFVSSPDLFU
4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTDPOUJOVFTUPDPOEVDUnJHIUUFTUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPBOE
JUTDBSSJFSBJSDSBGU8IJUF,OJHIU5XPGSPNJUTCBTFBU.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF1PSU
JO$BMJGPSOJB8IJMFOPUUFDIOJDBMMZMBVODIFTTFWFOVOQPXFSFEnJHIUUFTUT
PG4QBDF4IJQ5XPXFSFDPOEVDUFEEVSJOHVOEFSBO'""FYQFSJNFOUBM
BJSXPSUIJOFTTDFSUJmDBUF5IFmOBMHMJEFUFTUPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPJOGFBUVSFE
BGVMMZJOUFHSBUFEQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFN4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTXBTHSBOUFEBO
&YQFSJNFOUBM1FSNJUJO.BZGPSSPDLFUQPXFSFEnJHIUT4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT
XBTUIFmSTUDPNNFSDJBMDPNQBOZUPnZIVNBOTJOTQBDFJOBOEJTOPX
UIFmSTUUPFYFSDJTFUIFOFXIVNBOTQBDFnJHIUSFHVMBUJPOTUIBUXFSFJTTVFEJO
SFTQPOTFUPUIF$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF-BVODI"NFOENFOUT"DUPG
‡84‡
Launch Data and Trends
2012 SPACE TRANSPORTATION TRENDS
FIVE-YEAR WORLDWIDE SPACE TRANSPORTATION
TRENDS
5IFSFXFSFPSCJUBMMBVODIFTJOUIFQBTUmWFZFBST#FUXFFOBOE
UIFSFIBTCFFOBOBWFSBHFPGPSCJUBMMBVODIFTQFSZFBSXPSMEXJEF4FF
'JHVSF
3VTTJBBOEUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTIBWFDPOEVDUFEUIFNPTUPSCJUBMMBVODIFT
GPMMPXFECZ$IJOBBOE&VSPQFTFF'JHVSF
3VTTJBBOE&VSPQFIBWF
DPOEVDUFEUIFNPTUDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT5IFSFXFSFDPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBM
MBVODIFTGSPNUPXJUIUIFIJHIFTUOVNCFSPGMBVODIFTPDDVSSJOH
JOBOEUIFMPXFTUOVNCFSPGMBVODIFTJO*OUIFSFXFSF
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT4FF'JHVSF
Non-commercial
Commercial
100
90
80
Launches
70
60
50
54
41
66
51
58
40
30
20
10
0
28
2008
24
23
18
20
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 15. Five-Year Summary (2008-2012) of Commercial and Non-Commercial Launch Events
North Korea: 3 (1%)
South Korea: 2 (1%)
Multinational: 15 (4%)
Iran: 6 (2%)
Israel 1 (0%)
Japan: 11 (3%)
India: 13 (3%)
USA
85 (22%)
China
70 (18%)
Europe
36 (9%)
Multinational
15 (13%)
China
5 (4%)
USA
16 (14%)
5PUBM
5PUBM
383 launches
Europe
26 (23%)
Russia
51 (45%)
Russia
141 (37%)
Figure 16. Five-Year Worldwide Total Orbital
Launch Market Share (2008-2012)
113 commercial
launches
Figure 17. Five-Year Worldwide Commercial
Orbital Launch Market Share (2008-2012)
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4FB-BVODIIBTSFFOUFSFEUIFNBSLFUQMBDFBOEBQQFBSTUPIBWFUBLFONBSLFU
TIBSFGSPN3VTTJB$PNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTPWFSBMMIBWFCFFOTUFBEZCVUEJQQFE
TMJHIUMZJO"GUFSIBWJOHOPDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT
IBEUXPDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJOCPUIMBVODIFTXFSFQBSUPG/"4"T
QSPHSBNUPFODPVSBHFUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXTFSWJDFT
UPUIF*44
5IFSFIBWFCFFOBUMFBTUUISFFMBVODIGBJMVSFTQFSZFBSPWFSUIFMBTUmWFZFBST
5IFEFmOJUJPOPGBMBVODIGBJMVSFJTJO"QQFOEJY
'JWFMBVODIFTGBJMFEJO
BOETJYGBJMFEJO5IFPOMZSFDFOUZFBSXJUIBIJHIFSOVNCFSPGGBJMVSFTXBT
JOXIJDIFJHIUGBJMVSFTPDDVSSFE5IFMBVODIGBJMVSFTJODMVEFEUXP
3VTTJBOMBVODIFTJODMVEJOHPOFQBSUJBM
UXP*SBOJBOBOEPOF/PSUI,PSFBO
MBVODIGBJMVSF0WFSUIFQBTUmWFZFBSTUIFPWFSBMMGBJMVSFSBUFGPSDPNNFSDJBM
MBVODIFTJTQFSDFOUDPNQBSFEUPBTMJHIUMZIJHIFSGBJMVSFSBUFPGQFSDFOU
GPSBMMMBVODIFT*GPOFSFNPWFTMBVODIFTCZ/PSUI,PSFBBOE*SBOUIFGBJMVSF
SBUFESPQTUPTMJHIUMZVOEFSQFSDFOU'JHVSFQSFTFOUTBmWFZFBSUSFOEPG
PSCJUBMMBVODITVDDFTTFTBOEGBJMVSFT-BVODIGBJMVSFTGSPNUIFMBTUmWFZFBSTBSF
CSPLFOEPXOCZMBVODIWFIJDMFJO'JHVSF
Successful Commercial
Launches
Successful Noncommercial Launches
100
90
80
Launches
5
3
70
5
4
1
61
60
53
51
50
Commercial Launch
Failures
Non-commercial
Launch Failures
47
40
40
30
2
20
1
26
10
0
2008
24
23
17
20
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 18. Five-Year Summary (2008-2012) of Commercial and
Non-Commercial Launch Events, Successes and Failures
6
5
Russia
Launches
4
Iran
3
United
States
5
India
North
Korea
South
Korea
2
2
a
V
SL
K
2
3
China
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
0
] 3
2
9
L
M ot
h h
n sX
n ck R\X X]
o
o
rc arc
c ru
t
o 6 R\
l
a
o
R
M M
6
Fa au
Pr
T
ng ong
o
L L
LV
PS
ÀU
6D
U
Figure 19. Launch Failures by Vehicle, 2008-2012
‡86‡
nh
Launch Data and Trends
5BCMFMJTUTDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIGBJMVSFTPGUIFNPTU
BDUJWFMZMBVODIJOHDPVOUSJFTBOESFHJPOTGSPNUP5IF6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJBBOE$IJOBFYQFSJFODFECPUIDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODI
GBJMVSFTJOUIJTmWFZFBSQFSJPEXIJMF&VSPQFIBEOPOF3VTTJBIBEUIFMBSHFTU
OVNCFSPGMBVODIFTDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMBOEUIFMBSHFTUOVNCFS
PGGBJMVSFT5IF6OJUFE4UBUFTBOE$IJOBIBEPDDBTJPOBMMBVODIGBJMVSFTUIBUEJE
OPUGPMMPXBOZQBSUJDVMBSQBUUFSO
&RXQWU\
Region
6OJUFE
4UBUFT
3VTTJB
&VSPQF
$IJOB
Launches
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM
5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM
Table 34. Five-Year Summary of Orbital Launch Failures by Country and Launch Type, 2008-2012
$PNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTJODSFBTFEBMNPTUCJMMJPOCFUXFFOBOE
GSPNCJMMJPOUPBCPVUCJMMJPO3FWFOVFTESPQQFEJOUP
BQQSPYJNBUFMZCJMMJPOEVFUPTFWFSBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTCFJOHQVTIFE
CBDL*OSFWFOVFSFUVSOFEUPUIFCJMMJPOMFWFM4FF'JHVSFBOE
5BCMF
8JUIUIFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTSFMBUJWFMZDPOTUBOUPSTMJHIUMZ
EFDSFBTJOHUIFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTIBWFJODSFBTFEXJUIMFTTTNBMM
DMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTVTFEBOENPSFMBVODIFTQFSGPSNFECZNPSFFYQFOTJWF
MBSHFSWFIJDMFTJODMVEJOHUIPTFQSPWJEJOHEVBMNBOJGFTUTFSWJDFTUP(&0
5IFmWFZFBSBWFSBHFPGDPNNFSDJBM(40MBVODIFTJTBOEIBTSFNBJOFE
GBJSMZDPOTJTUFOUXIJMFUIFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBM/(40MBVODIFTQFSZFBS
IBTnVDUVBUFETJHOJmDBOUMZ5IFEFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBM/(40MBVODIFT
XIJDIQFBLFEJOUIFMBUFTXBTMPXVOUJMBTIBSQJODSFBTFJO
BOEBHBJOJO5IFTFIJHIMFWFMTXFSFNPTUMZESJWFOCZUIFMBVODIPG
SFQMBDFNFOUTBUFMMJUFTGPSFYJTUJOHDPOTUFMMBUJPOTTVDIBT03#$0..BOE
(MPCBMTUBSBOECZUIFMBVODIPGOFXDPOTUFMMBUJPOTTVDIBT4"3-VQFBOE
$04.04LZ.FE'JHVSFCSFBLTEPXODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTCZPSCJUUZQF
GPSUIFMBTUmWFZFBST
5IFEFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBM/(40MBVODIFTJTBMTP
BGGFDUFECZ/"4"T$PNNFSDJBM$SFXBOE$BSHP1SPHSBNXIJDIIBTPSEFSFE
DPNNFSDJBMDBSHPnJHIUTUPUIF*44VOEFS$34DPOUSBDUTBOEXJMMFWFOUVBMMZ
DIBSUFSDSFXFEnJHIUTBTXFMM4QBDF9DPOEVDUFEJUTmSTUDBSHPnJHIUUIJTZFBS
BOE0SCJUBMQMBOTUPCFHJOnZJOHUPUIF*44OFYUZFBS5IFOVNCFSPG/(40
MBVODIFTJTFYQFDUFEUPTMJHIUMZJODSFBTFJOBT/"4"T$054BOE$34
nJHIUTDPOUJOVFBOE(MPCBMTUBSDPOUJOVFTUPSFQMBDFJUTDPOTUFMMBUJPO
‡87‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
Multinational
China
Europe
Russia
United States
US$ Millions
$280
$70
$300
$90
$880
$700
$826
$742
$500
$200
$140
$475
$581
$595
$707
$0
$215
$298
$307
2008
2009
2010
$108
2011
2012
Figure 20. Approximate Launch Revenues for Commercial Launch Events (2008-2012)
&RXQWU\5HJLRQ
2008
2009
2010
6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJB
&VSPQF
$IJOB
.VMUJOBUJPOBM
TOTAL
2011
2012
$1,971 $2,410 $2,453 $1,927 $2,413
Table 35. Estimated Commercial Launch Revenues, 2008-2012 (US$ Millions)
30
GEO
GEO
NGSO
NGSO
NGS
O
25
Launches
20
18
15
19
15
15
10
5
10
5
17
8
3
3
2011
2012
0
2008
2009
2010
Figure 21. Five-Year Global Commercial Launch Events by Orbit (2008-2012)
‡88‡
Launch Data and Trends
'JHVSFTIPXTUIFOVNCFSPGQBZMPBETQSPWJEJOHDPNNFSDJBMTFSWJDFT
MBVODIFEPODPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMWFIJDMFTPWFSUIFQBTUmWF
ZFBST5IFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBM/(40TBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFEQFSZFBSnVDUVBUFT
TJHOJmDBOUMZNPTUMZCFDBVTF/(40TBUFMMJUFTPGUFOBSFMBVODIFEPOBTJOHMF
WFIJDMF5IFMBVODIFTPG(MPCBMTUBSJOBOEJO
03#$0..JO
BOE3BQJE&ZFDPOTUFMMBUJPOTBUFMMJUFTJO
BDDPVOUGPSUIFJODSFBTF
JOUIFOVNCFSPGQBZMPBETMBVODIFEJOBOE
45
GEO
NGSO
40
35
3D\ORDGV
30
23
25
21
21
20
15
10
22
22
19
14
12
5
5
4
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 22. Five-Year Global Commercial Payloads by Orbit (2008-2012)
Commercial Satellite and Launch Trends
5IFDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPONBSLFUJTESJWFOMBSHFMZCZUIFEFNBOEGPS
MBVODIFTPG(&0UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTBOEUPBMFTTFSCVUQPUFOUJBMMZ
HSPXJOHFYUFOUCZBWBSJFUZPG/(40QBZMPBET)JTUPSJDBMMZUIFNBKPSJUZPG
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTIBWFCFFOUP(&06TVBMMZ(&0MBVODIFTEFQMPZMBSHFS
QBZMPBETBOESFRVJSFMBSHFSMBVODIWFIJDMFTUIVTHFOFSBUJOHNPSFSFWFOVFUIBO
MBVODIFTUP/(40
5IFTVQQMZPGMBVODIWFIJDMFPQUJPOTDPOUJOVFTUPJODSFBTFEFTQJUFPOMZB
NBSHJOBMJODSFBTFJOEFNBOEGPSMBVODIFT$PNQFUJUJPOSFNBJOTTUSPOHCFUXFFO
6OJUFE4UBUFT3VTTJBO&VSPQFBOBOENVMUJOBUJPOBMQSPWJEFSTXIJMFOFX
FOUSBOUTBSFFOUFSJOHSFFOUFSJOHPSBEWBODJOHUPXBSEUIFDPNNFSDJBMNBSLFU
'PSFYBNQMFUIF-BOE-BVODIWFSTJPOPGUIF;FOJUUIF%OFQSUIF4PZV[
MBVODIFEBOENBSLFUFECZ"SJBOFTQBDF
BOEUIF'BMDPOBSFBMMDPNQFUJOH
GPSDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT5IF+BQBOFTFBSFNBSLFUJOHUIF)**#DPNNFSDJBMMZ
BOE*OEJBOBOE$IJOFTFQSPWJEFSTBMUIPVHIMJNJUFECZ6OJUFE4UBUFTFYQPSU
DPOUSPMQPMJDJFTBMTPUBSHFUDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIDVTUPNFST5IFOFXMZJOUSPEVDFE
7FHBBOE0SCJUBMT"OUBSFTWFIJDMFXIJDIIBTZFUUPNBLFJUTmSTUnJHIUBSFCPUI
TFUUPKPJOUIJTEJWFSTFTFUPGMBVODIWFIJDMFTPGGFSFEPOBDPNNFSDJBMCBTJTXJUI
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTQMBOOFEGPSFBDIJO
‡89‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
Small Vehicle Commercial Launch Trends
5IFDPNNFSDJBMVTFPGTNBMMMBVODIWFIJDMFTIBTEFDMJOFEJOUIFMBTUmWFZFBST
*OUIFSFXFSFFJHIUTVDIMBVODIFTUIBUOVNCFSXBTDVUJOIBMGUPGPVS
JOBOEJOUIFSFXBTBTJOHMFMBVODIBOEUIFSFXBTOPOFJO
)PXFWFSJOUXPDPNNFSDJBM%OFQSMBVODIFTGPSQSJNBSZQBZMPBET
%VCBJTBUBOE,PNQTBUBSFFYQFDUFE7FHBBMTPJOUFOETUPMBVODIDPNNFSDJBM
QBZMPBETJO5IFSFDFOUEFDSFBTFJOUIFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
POTNBMMWFIJDMFTJTEVFUPTPNFTNBMMWFIJDMFTOPMPOHFSCFJOHPGGFSFETVDI
BTUIF'BMDPOBOE,PTNPT.BOEUIFJODSFBTFEPQQPSUVOJUZGPSTNBMM
QBZMPBETFTQFDJBMMZNJDSPBOEOBOPTBUFMMJUFTDVCFTBUT
UPnZJOFYQFOTJWFMZ
BTQJHHZCBDLQBZMPBETPOUIF"UMBT7PS'BMDPO5IF"OUBSFTJOBVHVSBMnJHIU
MBUFSUIJTZFBSXJMMBMTPnZDVCFTBUTBTTFDPOEBSZQBZMPBET
/FXWFIJDMFTBSFFYQFDUFEUPCFDPNFBWBJMBCMFXJUIJOUIFOFYUUXPUPUISFF
ZFBST5IFZJODMVEF"UIFOBBOE4VQFS4USZQJ41"3,6OJUFE4UBUFT
&QTJMPO
+BQBO
BOE-POH.BSDI$IJOB
5IFTFWFIJDMFTBSFEFTJHOFEUPMBVODI
TFWFSBMNJDSPBOETNBMMDMBTTQBZMPBETBUBUJNF8JUINBOZTNBMM/(40
TBUFMMJUFTMBVODIJOHBTQJHHZCBDLQBZMPBETPOMBSHFSWFIJDMFTFYJTUJOHBOE
VQDPNJOHTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTNBZCFMJNJUFEUPUIFTNBMMFSNBSLFUPG
UJNFTFOTJUJWFEFMJWFSZPGQBZMPBETJOPSCJU
,QWHUQDWLRQDOO\&RPSHWHG/DXQFKHV
5IFUFSNTiDPNNFSDJBMQBZMPBEwBOEiDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIwBSFDPNQMFYBOE
PQFOUPJOUFSQSFUBUJPO4FFUIF"QQFOEJYGPSEFmOJUJPOTPGUIFTFUFSNT
'JHVSF
TIPXTUSFOETGPSFBDIDPVOUSZXIPTFMBVODIQSPWJEFSTDPNQFUFJOUIF
JOUFSOBUJPOBMNBSLFUQMBDF5IFDIBSUSFnFDUTPOMZMBVODITFSWJDFQSPWJEFST
DPNQFUJOHJOUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMNBSLFUQMBDFGPSPQFOCJEMBVODITFSWJDF
DPOUSBDUT'SPNUPUIFSFXFSFJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZDPNQFUFEMBVODI
FWFOUT0WFSUIFQBTUmWFZFBSTOBUJPOBMTBUFMMJUFPQFSBUPSTJODPVOUSJFTTVDI
BT3VTTJBBOE$IJOBNPSFPGUFOUVSOEJSFDUMZUPUIFTFSWJDFTPGUIFJSEPNFTUJD
MBVODIQSPWJEFST/"4"TDPNNFSDJBMDSFXBOEDBSHPQSPHSBNXJMMSFTVMUJO
BEEJUJPOBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTIPXFWFSTJODFUIPTFMBVODIFTBSFDPNQFUFE
POMZXJUIJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTUIFBEEJUJPOBMMBVODIFTXJMMOPUJODSFBTFUIFUPUBM
OVNCFSPGJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZDPNQFUFEMBVODIFT
30
Multinational
China
Europe
Russia
United States
25
6
Launches
20
5
4
6
1
2
2
15
5
3
2
4
10
11
6
13
10
5
10
7
4
0
2008
1
1
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 23. Five-Year Worldwide Internationally Competed Launch Events (2008-2012)
‡90‡
Launch Data and Trends
SUMMARY OF FY 2012 YEAR IN REVIEW
5IFQSFWJPVTTVNNBSZQSPWJEFEBOBOBMZTJTPGXPSMEXJEFMBVODIUSFOETGPS
DBMFOEBSZFBS5IFGPMMPXJOHTVNNBSZQSPWJEFTBMPPLCZmTDBMZFBS':
'PSUIFGVMMFY 2012 Year in ReviewQMFBTFWJTJUIUUQXXXGBBHPWBCPVUPGmDF@
PSHIFBERVBSUFST@PGmDFTBTUSFQPSUT@TUVEJFTZFBS@SFWJFX
FY 2012 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY
*O':UIF6OJUFE4UBUFT3VTTJB&VSPQF$IJOB*OEJB+BQBO/PSUI,PSFB
*SBOBOEPOFNVMUJOBUJPOBMDPNQBOZDPOEVDUFEBUPUBMPGMBVODIFTPG
XIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBMTFF5BCMFBOE'JHVSFTBOE
5IJTOVNCFSXBT
VODIBOHFEGSPNUIFQSFWJPVTmTDBMZFBSXIJDIBMTPTBXMBVODIFTPGXIJDI
XFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IJTZFBSUXPMBVODIFTSFTVMUFEJOGBJMVSFT/PSUI,PSFBT
6OIBJO"QSJMBOE3VTTJBT1SPUPO.JO"VHVTU
Non-Commercial Launches
Commercial Launches
21
59
Figure 24. FY 2012 Total Worldwide
Launch Activity
Commercial
Launches
NonCommercial
Launches
Total
Launches
United States
Russia
Europe
8
China
India
Japan
North Korea
Iran
Multinational
TOTAL
21
59
80
Table 36. FY 2012 Worldwide Orbital Launch Events
35
Non-Commercial Launches
Commercial Launches
Number of Launchess
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
USA
Russia Europe China
Japan
India
Iran
North MultiKorea national
Figure 25. FY 2012 Total Worldwide Launch Activity
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)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
FY 2012 WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL LAUNCH TRENDS
"QQSPYJNBUFMZPOFRVBSUFSPGUIFUPUBMMBVODIFTJO':XFSFDPNNFSDJBM
5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBTVNNBSZPGUIF':DPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMMBVODIFTCZ
DPVOUSZTFF'JHVSFTBOE
t 5IF6OJUFE4UBUFTQFSGPSNFEBUPUBMPGMBVODIFTJODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBM
MBVODIUP*44
t 3VTTJBIBEUIFIJHIFTUUPUBMPSCJUBM
BOEUPUBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
t &VSPQFDPOEVDUFEFJHIUMBVODIFTJO':GPVSPGXIJDIXFSF
DPNNFSDJBM
t $IJOBIBEMBVODIFTPGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM
t *OEJBIBEUISFFUPUBMMBVODIFTPOFPGXIJDIXBTDPNNFSDJBM
t 5IFNVMUJOBUJPOBMDPNQBOZ4FB-BVODI"(DPOEVDUFEUXPDPNNFSDJBM
MBVODIFTCPUI'""MJDFOTFE
t +BQBO*SBOBOE/PSUI,PSFBEJEOPUIBWFBOZDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
India
3 (4%)
Iran N. Korea
1 (1%) 1 (1%)
Japan
3 (4%)
Multinational
2 (3%)
Multinational
2 (10%)
USA
12 (15%)
USA
1 (5%)
n
na
China
4
4%)
3 (14%)
China
21 (26%)
India
1 (5%)
Europe
8 (10%)
Russia
1 (48%)
10
Russia
29 (36%)
Europe
E
4 (19%)
Total: 21 Launches
Total: 80 Launches
Figure 26. FY 2012 Total Worldwide Orbital Launch
Activity
Figure 27. FY 2012 Worldwide Commercial Orbital
Launch Activity
5IFOVNCFSPGMBVODIFTCFUXFFO':BOE':SFNBJOFESFMBUJWFMZ
TUFBEZ*O':UIFSFXBTBUPUBMPGXPSMEXJEFPSCJUBMMBVODIFTPG
XIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM*O':UIF6OJUFE4UBUFTDPOEVDUFEPSCJUBM
MBVODIFTPGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IFTFUXPDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
DPOTJTUFEPGUIFmSTU4QBDF9'BMDPOMBVODIVOEFS/"4"T$054QSPHSBNBOE
B%FMUB**MBVODIPG$04.04LZNFE
5IFEFDSFBTFPGFJHIU64MBVODIFTJO':GSPN':JTQSJNBSJMZ
SFMBUFEUPUIFSFUJSFNFOUPGUIF4QBDF4IVUUMFJO+VMZBOEWBSJPVTMBVODI
EFMBZT'SPN0DUPCFSUP%FDFNCFSTJYNPSF64MBVODIFTBSFQMBOOFE
$PVOUJOHCZDBMFOEBSZFBS$:
UIFSFXFSF64MBVODIFTJO$:BOE
MBVODIFTBSFBOUJDJQBUFEGPS$:
'PS':JUJTBOUJDJQBUFEUIBUUIFOVNCFSPGPWFSBMM64MBVODIFTXJMMSFNBJO
SFMBUJWFMZTUFBEZ"MUIPVHIUIFSFJTBQPTTJCJMJUZPGBTMJHIUJODSFBTFEVFUP
*44DPNNFSDJBMSFTVQQMZJODMVEJOHBEFNPOTUSBUJPOnJHIUPG0SCJUBM4DJFODFT
$PSQPSBUJPOT0SCJUBM
OFX"OUBSFTWFIJDMFGSPNUIF.JE"UMBOUJD3FHJPOBM
4QBDFQPSUJO7JSHJOJBBOESPVUJOFSFQMBDFNFOUPG(&0DPNNVOJDBUJPOTBUFMMJUFT
‡92‡
Launch Data and Trends
*O':PSQFSDFOU
PGUIFXPSMEXJEFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTXFSF
GPSDPNNFSDJBMUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFTEFQMPZFE(&0
DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTBOEPOFEFMJWFSFEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTUP/(40
-&0
0OFMBVODIPSmWFQFSDFOUPGUIFUPUBMMBVODIFT
XBTGPSEFWFMPQNFOU
QVSQPTFTBOEPOFPSmWFQFSDFOU
XBTBMBVODIPGBSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF
FY 2012 COMMERCIAL LAUNCH REVENUES
3FWFOVFTGSPNDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJO':BSFFTUJNBUFEUPUPUBM
CJMMJPOTFF'JHVSF
0WFSQFSDFOUPGUIJTSFWFOVFXBTGPSMBVODIFT
DPOEVDUFECZ3VTTJBNJMMJPO
BOE&VSPQFNJMMJPO
3VTTJBT
NJMMJPOJOSFWFOVFSFQSFTFOUTFJHIU1SPUPOTPOF4PZV[BOEPOF;FOJU4-#
-BOE-BVODI
MBVODIFT&VSPQFTSFWFOVFSFQSFTFOUTGPVS"SJBOFMBVODIFT
6OJUFE4UBUFTSFWFOVFSFQSFTFOUTB'BMDPOMBVODI
$1,000
$900
US$ Millions
$800
$700
$600
$500
$400
$790
$880
$300
$200
$100
$210
$56
$25
$200
$0
United States Russia
Europe
China
India
Multinational
Figure 28. Approximate FY 2012 Commercial Launch
Revenues
1BZNFOUTGPSMBVODITFSWJDFTBSFUZQJDBMMZTQSFBEPWFSPOFUPUXPZFBSTCFGPSF
UIFMBVODI'PSUIFQVSQPTFTPGUIJTSFQPSUIPXFWFSSFWFOVFJTTIPXOBT
FBSOFEJOUIFZFBSJOXIJDIUIFQBZMPBEMBVODIFT-BVODISFWFOVFTHPUPUIF
DPVOUSZPGUIFQSJNBSZWFIJDMFNBOVGBDUVSFS5IFBTTFTTNFOUPGUIFSFWFOVFT
JTCBTFEPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIQSJDFFTUJNBUFTGPSFBDIMBVODIWFIJDMFGSPN
QVCMJDMZBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPO
.PTUMBVODIWFIJDMFTUPEBZBSFNBOVGBDUVSFETPMEBOEMBVODIFECZUIFTBNF
PSHBOJ[BUJPOFOUJSFMZJOPOFDPVOUSZPSJOUIFDBTFPG&VSPQFBOEUIFGPSNFS
4PWJFU6OJPOXJUIJOBQBSUJDVMBSFDPOPNJDSFHJPO"UQSFTFOUUIFSFJTPOFMBVODI
TFSWJDFDPSQPSBUJPO4FB-BVODI"(UIBUJTDIBSBDUFSJ[FEBTNVMUJOBUJPOBM
‡93‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
FY 2012 FAA-LICENSED ORBITAL LAUNCH SUMMARY
5IFSFXFSFUISFF'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIFTEVSJOH':BTTIPXOJO5BCMF
0OFXBTGPS4QBDF9T'BMDPO$054nJHIUUP*44BOEUXPXFSFGPS*OUFMTBU
TBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFETFQBSBUFMZCZ4FB-BVODI"(GSPNJUT2G\VVH\MBVODI
QMBUGPSNJOUIF1BDJmD0DFBO5IF'""JTTVFEPOFSFFOUSZMJDFOTFGPSUIF
%SBHPODBQTVMFMBVODIFEJO.BZPOUIF4QBDF9'BMDPOnJHIU
UNITED
STATES
MULTINATIONAL
-BVODI-JDFOTFT
7FIJDMF
UNITED
STATES
3FFOUSZ-JDFOTFT
;FOJU4-
':5PUBM3FFOUSJFT
':-JDFOTFE
3FFOUSJFT
':-BVODI3FMJBCJMJUZ
':3FFOUSZ
3FMJBCJMJUZ
:FBS-BVODI3FMJBCJMJUZ
:FBS3FFOUSZ3FMJBCJMJUZ
':5PUBM-BVODIFT
':-JDFOTFE
-BVODIFT
.BYJNVN-&0$BQBDJUZ
LHMCT
.BYJNVN(&0$BQBDJUZ
LHMCT
7FIJDMF
4QBDF9
%SBHPO
'BMDPO
1BZMPBEUP-&0LH
MCT
1BZMPBEGSPN-&0LH
MCT
Table 37. FAA-Licensed Vehicles Launched and Reentered in FY 2012
5ISFF'""MJDFOTFE64DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTBSFQMBOOFEGPSUIFmSTURVBSUFS
PG':5XPBSF/"4"$PNNFSDJBM3FTVQQMZ4FSWJDFT$34
NJTTJPOTUP
*44PO4QBDF9T'BMDPOBOEPOFJTUIFNBJEFOUFTUnJHIUPGUIFOFX"OUBSFT
MBVODIWFIJDMFCZ0SCJUBM
3FWFOVFTGPS'""MJDFOTFEnJHIUTDPOEVDUFEEVSJOH':JODMVEFPOF
'BMDPO.
BOEUXP;FOJU4-.
'PS':SFWFOVFTGPS'""
MJDFOTFEnJHIUTJODMVEFEUIF'BMDPO.
%FMUB**.
BOEB;FOJU4-
.
OTHER FY 2012 FAA LICENSES AND PERMITS
5IFSFXBTPOF'""MJDFOTFESFFOUSZCZ4QBDF9T%SBHPODBQTVMFXIJDI
SFFOUFSFEBOEXBTTVDDFTTGVMMZSFDPWFSFEPO.BZ"SFFOUSZMJDFOTF
XBTJTTVFEPO4FQUFNCFSGPSUIFmSTU4QBDF9$34NJTTJPOUPUIF*44
QMBOOFEJO0DUPCFS4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTXBTJTTVFEBOFYQFSJNFOUBMnJHIU
QFSNJUPO.BZGPSSPDLFUQPXFSFEnJHIUUFTUJOHPGJUT4QBDF4IJQ5XP
TVCPSCJUBMWFIJDMFFYQFDUFEUPMBVODIMBUFSJOUIFDBMFOEBSZFBS5IJTQFSNJUXJMM
FYQJSFPO.BZ5IFSFXFSFOP'""QFSNJUUFEMBVODIFTQFSGPSNFEJO':
‡94‡
Launch Data and Trends
SUMMARY OF 2012 COMMERCIAL
SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS
*O.BZUIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPOT0GmDFPG$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF
5SBOTQPSUBUJPO'"""45
BOEUIF$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO"EWJTPSZ
$PNNJUUFF$0.45"$
QSFQBSFEGPSFDBTUTPGHMPCBMEFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBM
TQBDFMBVODITFSWJDFTGPSUIFZFBSQFSJPEGSPNUISPVHI
$0.45"$T(FPTZODISPOPVT0SCJU(40
-BVODI%FNBOE'PSFDBTUQSPKFDUT
EFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBMTBUFMMJUFTUIBUPQFSBUFJO(40BOEUIFSFTVMUJOH
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFNBOEUP(405IFGPSFDBTUMPPLTBUUIFHMPCBMEFNBOE
GPSDPNNFSDJBM(40TBUFMMJUFTBOEMBVODIFTBEESFTTBCMFCZUIF64TQBDF
MBVODIJOEVTUSZoUIBUJTMBVODITFSWJDFQSPDVSFNFOUTPQFOUPJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ
DPNQFUJUJWFMBVODITFSWJDFQSPDVSFNFOUT
5IF'""T'PSFDBTUGPS/PO(FPTZODISPOPVT0SCJUT/(40
QSPKFDUT
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFNBOEGPSBMMTQBDFTZTUFNTUPCFEFQMPZFEUP/(40
JODMVEJOHMPX&BSUIPSCJU-&0
NFEJVN&BSUIPSCJU.&0
FMMJQUJDBMPSCJUT&-*
BOEFYUFSOBMUSBKFDUPSJFT&95
UPUIF.PPOPSPUIFSTPMBSTZTUFNEFTUJOBUJPOT
$PNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJODMVEFUIPTFXIPTFTFSWJDFTBSFTPVHIUPOUIF
JOUFSOBUJPOBMNBSLFU*UBMTPJODMVEFT64EPNFTUJDDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITFSWJDFT
MJDFOTFECZUIF'""TVDIBTDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF
4UBUJPO*44
5PHFUIFSUIF$0.45"$BOE'""GPSFDBTUTQSPKFDUBOBWFSBHFBOOVBMEFNBOE
PGDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFMBVODIFTXPSMEXJEFGSPNUISPVHIXJUI
BOBWFSBHFPGDPNNFSDJBM(40MBVODIFTBOE/(40MBVODIFTTFF
'JHVSF
5IJTTIPXTBTMJHIUFMFWBUJPOGSPNUIFGPSFDBTUPGBOOVBM
MBVODIFT
Historical
Forecast
40
35
30
NGSO Launch
Actual
Launches
25
2012 NGSO Launch Forecast
20
15
10
GSO Launch Actual
2012 GSO Launch Forecast
5
0
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
Figure 29. Combined 2012 GSO and NGSO Historical Launches and Launch Forecasts
‡95‡
2021
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
*UJTJNQPSUBOUUPEJTUJOHVJTICFUXFFOGPSFDBTUEFNBOEBOEUIFOVNCFSPG
TBUFMMJUFTBDUVBMMZMBVODIFE-BVODIWFIJDMFTBOETBUFMMJUFQSPHSBNTBSF
DPNQMFYBOETVTDFQUJCMFUPEFMBZTXIJDIHFOFSBMMZNBLFTUIFGPSFDBTU
EFNBOEGPSMBVODIFTUIFVQQFSMJNJUPGBDUVBMMBVODIFTJOUIFOFBSUFSN
GPSFDBTU
Commercial GSO Launch Demand Forecast Results
5IF(40NBSLFUSFNBJOTTUBCMFXJUIBQSPKFDUFEEFNBOEPGTBUFMMJUFTBOE
MBVODIFTQFSZFBSVQTMJHIUMZGSPNMBTUZFBSTQSPKFDUJPOPGTBUFMMJUFT
BOEMBVODIFTQFSZFBS5BCMFQSPWJEFTBTVNNBSZPGUIFGPSFDBTU
TIPXJOHBOOVBMQSPKFDUFETBUFMMJUFTBOEMBVODIFTJODMVEJOHUIFQSPKFDUFE
OVNCFSPGEVBMNBOJGFTUFEMBVODIFT
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Total
Average
2012 to 2021
4BUFMMJUF%FNBOE
%VBM-BVODI
'PSFDBTU
-BVODI%FNBOE
Table 38. Forecast Commercial GSO Satellite and Launch Demand Data
(MPCBMEFNBOEGPSTBUFMMJUFTFSWJDFTDPOUJOVFTUPCFTUSPOHMFECZTVCTUBOUJBM
HSPXUIJO"TJBBOETPMJEHSPXUIJOUIF.JEEMF&BTU/FXMBVODIWFIJDMFPQUJPOT
BWBJMBCMFPWFSUIFOFXGFXZFBSTXJMMBGGFDUUIFEZOBNJDTPGUIFMBVODIJOEVTUSZ
0QFSBUPSTBSFDBVUJPVTBCPVUUIFJNQBDUPGUIFFDPOPNZPOUIFJSQMBOTCVUBSF
HFOFSBMMZTBUJTmFEXJUITBUFMMJUFBOEMBVODIWFIJDMFPGGFSJOHT
Addressable vs. Unaddressable
5IFOVNCFSPGBEESFTTBCMFTBUFMMJUFTBDUVBMMZMBVODIFEJOUIFMBTUUISFFZFBST
IBTTUFBEJMZEFDSFBTFE5IFGBDUPSTUIBUIBWFESJWFOUIJTEFDSFBTFJODMVEF
MBVODIEFMBZTMBSHFSTBUFMMJUFTHSFBUFSBWBJMBCJMJUZPGDBQUJWFJOUFSOBUJPOBMMBVODI
DBQBCJMJUZBOEUIFTUBUFPGUIFmOBODJBMNBSLFUT
*OUIFSFXBTBTJHOJmDBOUJODSFBTFJOVOBEESFTTBCMFMBVODIFToMBVODI
DPOUSBDUTUIBUXFSFOPUPQFOUPJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNQFUJUJPOoBT$IJOFTFBOE
3VTTJBOHPWFSONFOUPXOFEBFSPTQBDFDPNQBOJFTSPVUJOFMZQBDLBHFTBUFMMJUFT
MBVODIFTBOEmOBODJOHUPHFUIFSTFF'JHVSF
5IJTUSFOEJTFYQFDUFEUP
DPOUJOVFBT$IJOFTF3VTTJBO*OEJBOBOE+BQBOFTFTBUFMMJUFNBOVGBDUVSFST
DPOUJOVFUPQVSTVFUIFDPNQFUJUJWFBEWBOUBHFPGCFJOHBCMFUPTUSVDUVSFUIFTF
UZQFTPGDPOUSBDUTPOBTUSBUFHJDOPODPNQFUJUJWFCBTJT
‡96‡
Launch Data and Trends
35
"EESFTTBCMF4BUFMMJUFT
6OBEESFTTBCMF4BUFMMJUFT
Number of Satellites
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Figure 30. Addressable and Unaddressable Satellites since 1993
Mass Classes
"OBQQSPQSJBUFNFUSJDGPSEFUFSNJOJOHMBVODISFRVJSFNFOUTJTTBUFMMJUFNBTT
.BTTDMBTTFTCBTFEPOSBOHFTPGTBUFMMJUFNBTTFTIBWFCFFOVTFEJOPSEFSUP
BOBMZ[FEFWFMPQNFOUTJOTBUFMMJUFBOEMBVODIEFNBOE'PVSNBTTDMBTTFTBSF
DVSSFOUMZVTFEBTTIPXOJOUIFGPMMPXJOHUBCMF
$MBTT
.FEJVN
*OUFSNFEJBUF
)FBWZ
&YUSBIFBWZ
4FQBSBUFE.BTT
3FQSFTFOUBUJWF4BUFMMJUF#VT.PEFMT
#FMPXLH
MCN
LH
MCN
LH
MCN
"CPWFLH
MCN
-PDLIFFE.BSUJO"0SCJUBM(&04UBS#PFJOH#444QBDF
4ZTUFNT-PSBM-4
"*"*"NPT.&-$0%4(&04UBS-45IBMFT4#
"TUSJVN&4#44*"*"NPT"%4(&04UBS-4
4#
&4#44"-44#
Table 39. Satellite Mass Class Categorization
5IJTZFBSTGPSFDBTUTIPXTUIBUBOBWFSBHFPGPOMZPOFTBUFMMJUFJOUIFTNBMMFTU
NBTTDMBTTXJMMCFMBVODIFEFBDIZFBSGPSUIFOFYUUFOZFBST"UUIFTBNFUJNF
UIFMBSHFTUNBTTDMBTTJTFYQFDUFEUPTFFTJHOJmDBOUHSPXUIXJUIBOBWFSBHF
PGTBUFMMJUFTPGUIJTNBTTDMBTTFYQFDUFEUPMBVODIFBDIZFBSGPSUIFOFYU
EFDBEFVQGSPNQFSZFBSJOUIFGPSFDBTU5BCMFTIPXTUIFUSFOETJO
TBUFMMJUFNBTTDMBTTEJTUSJCVUJPO
‡97‡
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ
#FMPXLH PG
Total "WH Total
to
to
to
8
UPLH 7 7 7 7 7 7
UPLH "CPWFLH 8 7 8 7 8 8 8
Total
Table 40. Trends in Satellite Mass Class Distribution
5IFBWFSBHFNBTTPGTBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFEJOUIFQBTUFJHIUZFBSTIBTCFFO
XFMMPWFSLHSFBDIJOHBOFXIJHIJO5IFBWFSBHFNBTTJO
XBTFYQFDUFEUPJODSFBTFFWFOGVSUIFSXJUIUIFTIJGUUPIFBWJFSIJHIFS
QPXFSTBUFMMJUFT0OFUFDIOJDBMEFWFMPQNFOUUIBUNBZBGGFDUUIJTUSFOEJTUIF
EFWFMPQNFOUPGTBUFMMJUFTVTJOHFYDMVTJWFMZFMFDUSJDQSPQVMTJPOSBUIFSUIBO
VTJOHDIFNJDBMQSPQVMTJPOGPSPSCJUSBJTJOH#ZSFEVDJOHUIFNBTTPGQSPQFMMBOU
VTFEGPSPSCJUSBJTJOHXIJDIJONBOZDBTFTJTHSFBUFSUIBOUIFESZNBTTPGUIF
TBUFMMJUFUIFTBUFMMJUFDBODBSSZBTJHOJmDBOUMZMBSHFSQBZMPBE"MUFSOBUJWFMZCZ
LFFQJOHUIFTBUFMMJUFNBTTMPXUXPTBUFMMJUFTFBDIXJUIUIFQBZMPBEDBQBDJUZPG
BMBSHFTBUFMMJUFDBOCFMBVODIFEUPHFUIFS
Dual-Manifesting
%VBMNBOJGFTUJOHJTJODSFBTJOHCFZPOEKVTUUIF"SJBOFXJUIUIF1SPUPOBOE
-POH.BSDIMBVODIWFIJDMFTIBWJOHEFNPOTUSBUFEUIFDBQBCJMJUZBOE'BMDPO
CFJOHPGGFSFEGPSEVBMMBVODIFTUP(40JOUIFOFYUGFXZFBST
(JWFOUIFNJOJNBMOVNCFSPGTBUFMMJUFTGPSFDBTUFEUPMBVODIJOUIFTNBMMFTU
NBTTDMBTTDPNCJOFEXJUIUIFJOUSPEVDUJPOPGUIF4PZV[MBVODIWFIJDMFGSPN
'SFODI(VJBOBXIJDIJTXFMMTVJUFEUPMBVODIJOHUIFTFTNBMMFSTBUFMMJUFTEVBM
NBOJGFTUJOHIBTUIFQPUFOUJBMUPCFQSPCMFNBUJDGPSIFBWZQBZMPBETBTUIFSF
JTPGUFOOPWJBCMFDPQBZMPBEGPSEVBMNBOJGFTUFEMBVODIFTPOUIFIFBWJFTU
TBUFMMJUFT
'JHVSFQSFTFOUTUIFTBUFMMJUFBOEMBVODIEFNBOEGPSFDBTUUISPVHI
BTXFMMBTBDUVBMMBVODITUBUJTUJDTGPSUISPVHI
‡98‡
Launch Data and Trends
Actual
Near-Term
Far-Term
30
Dual-manifest Launches
Single-manifest Launches
2011 Forecast
Number of Satellites/Launches
25
20
15
10
5
0
20
20
19
20
18
20
17
20
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
90
19
89
19
88
19
Figure 31. Dual Manifesting and Launch Demand
Commercial NGSO Launch Demand Forecast Results
5IF/(40NBSLFUJTEJWJEFEJOUPmWFQBZMPBETFHNFOUTEFmOFECZUIFUZQFPG
TFSWJDFUIFTQBDFDSBGUBSFEFTJHOFEUPPGGFS
t $PNNFSDJBMUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
t $PNNFSDJBMSFNPUFTFOTJOH
t 4DJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHJODMVEJOHCBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIBOETQBDF
UFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPO
t $PNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTFSWJDFTJODMVEJOHDBSHPBOE
IVNBOTQBDFnJHIUBOE
t 0UIFSQBZMPBETMBVODIFEDPNNFSDJBMMZ
*OUIFOFYUZFBSTOFBSMZ/(40QBZMPBETBSFQSPKFDUFEUPMBVODI
DPNNFSDJBMMZPOMBVODIFTNBLJOHBOBWFSBHFEFNBOEPGMBVODIFT
QFSZFBSXPSMEXJEFQSPKFDUFEGPSUIFQFSJPEPGUISPVHI5IJTBWFSBHF
JTTMJHIUMZMFTTUIBOMBTUZFBSTBWFSBHFPGMBVODIFTQFSZFBS5IFMBVODI
EFNBOEQFBLTJOXJUIMBVODIFTEVFUPUIFSFQMBDFNFOUPGUIF*SJEJVN
DPOTUFMMBUJPOBOEGSFRVFOUDPNNFSDJBMDSFXBOEDBSHPMBVODIFTUPUIF*44
5IFBOOVBMMBVODISBUFEVSJOHUIFOFYUZFBSTJTDPOTJEFSBCMZIJHIFSUIBO
UIFQSFWJPVTEFDBEFTFF'JHVSF
$PNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOBOE
UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTDPOTUFMMBUJPOSFQMFOJTINFOUTESJWFUIJTJODSFBTF
‡99‡
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Historical
Forecast
Figure 32. Commercial NGSO Launch History and Projected Launch Plans
*UJTJNQPSUBOUUPOPUFUIBUMBVODIFTGPSDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXTFSWJDFT
UPUIF*44BSFQSPKFDUFEGSPNUP5IFTFMBVODIFTXJMMUBLFQMBDF
POOFXWFIJDMFTXIFSFUFDIOJDBMPSmOBODJBMJTTVFTDPVMEEFMBZ*44SFTVQQMZ
MBVODIFT.PSFPWFSJUJTTUJMMUPPFBSMZUPQSFEJDUXJUIBDDVSBDZOFXBOE
FNFSHJOHNBSLFUT*G/"4"TOFFETGPSDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUPUIF*44
HSPX#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFMBVODIFTJUTTQBDFTUBUJPOTUIFTQBDFUPVSJTNNBSLFU
NBUVSFTBOEDPNNFSDJBMDPNQBOJFTMBVODIQBZMPBETUPUIF.PPOUIFSFDBO
CFTJHOJmDBOUHSPXUIJO/(40MBVODIFTJOBOECFZPOE
-BVODIEFNBOEJTEJWJEFEJOUPWFIJDMFTJ[FDMBTTFTXJUIBOBWFSBHFPG
NFEJVNUPIFBWZDMBTTWFIJDMFMBVODIFTQFSZFBSBOETNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMF
MBVODIFTQFSZFBSGPSUPTFF5BCMF
$PNQBSFEUPMBTUZFBST
GPSFDBTUUIFOVNCFSPGTNBMMMBVODIFTEFDSFBTFETMJHIUMZBOEUIFOVNCFSPG
NFEJVNUPIFBWZDMBTTMBVODIFTJODSFBTFE
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Total
Avg.
3D\ORDGV
$PNNFSDJBM
5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
$PNNFSDJBM3FNPUF
4FOTJOH
4DJFODFBOE&OHJOFFSJOH
7
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
37
44
28
35
42
49
16
15
16
15
297
29.7
$PNNFSDJBM$BSHPBOE
$SFX5SBOTQPSUBUJPO
4FSWJDFT
0UIFS1BZMPBET
-BVODIFE$PNNFSDJBMMZ
Total Satellites
Launches
.FEJVNUP)FBWZ
7FIJDMFT
4NBMM7FIJDMFT
Total Launches
8
11
13
13
15
13
17
12
11
12
11
128
12.8
Table 41. Payload and Launch Projections
‡100‡
Launch Data and Trends
Commercial Telecommunications Launch Demand
5IF/(40UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFNBSLFUJTCBTFEPOMBSHFDPOTUFMMBUJPOT
PGTNBMMUPNFEJVNTJ[FETBUFMMJUFTUIBUQSPWJEFHMPCBMPSOFBSHMPCBM
DPNNVOJDBUJPOTDPWFSBHF
5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTDPNQSJTFTQFSDFOUPGUIFTBUFMMJUFNBSLFUCVUPOMZ
QFSDFOUPGUIFMBVODINBSLFUCFDBVTFPGNVMUJQMFNBOJGFTUJOH'SPN
UISPVHICFUXFFOPOFBOEUISFFUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTMBVODIFTXJMMPDDVS
FBDIZFBS5IFSFXJMMCFBOVQUJDLJOMBVODIFTJOBT03#$0..BOE
0CSFQMBDFUIFJSTBUFMMJUFTBOEBHBJOJOBOEBT*SJEJVNSFQMBDFT
JUTTBUFMMJUFT3FQMBDFNFOUDPOTUFMMBUJPOTmOJTIMBVODIJOHCFGPSFTPOP
UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTMBVODIFTBSFQSPKFDUFEGPSUISPVHI
Historical
Forecast
Figure 33. Commercial Telecommunications Launch History and Projected Launch Plans
Commercial Remote Sensing Launch Demand
3FNPUFTFOTJOHSFGFSTUPBOZPSCJUBMQMBUGPSNXJUIPQUJDBMPSSBEBSTFOTPST
USBJOFEPO&BSUIUPHBUIFSEBUBGPSHFPHSBQIJDBOBMZTJTNJMJUBSZVTF
NFUFPSPMPHZPSDMJNBUPMPHZ5IFDPNNFSDJBMTBUFMMJUFSFNPUFTFOTJOHNBSLFU
DPOTJTUTPGDPNQBOJFTUIBUPQFSBUFTBUFMMJUFTXJUIPQUJDBMPSSBEBSTFOTPST
USBJOFEPO&BSUIUPDBQUVSFJNBHFSZVTFEUPHFOFSBUFSFWFOVF
$PNNFSDJBMSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTBDDPVOUGPSQFSDFOUPGUIFQBZMPBE
NBSLFUBOEQFSDFOUPGUIFMBVODIEFNBOENBSLFU5IFDPNNFSDJBMSFNPUF
TFOTJOHJOEVTUSZJTDIBSBDUFSJ[FECZSFMBUJWFMZTUBCMFTBUFMMJUFSFQMBDFNFOU
TDIFEVMFT-BVODIFTPGDPNNFSDJBMSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTXJMMUBLFQMBDFBU
BOBWFSBHFPGQFSZFBSUISPVHIUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE"QFBLJOUIFOVNCFS
PGMBVODIFTDBOCFTFFOJOSFnFDUJOHQSPKFDUFEEFQMPZNFOUPGTBUFMMJUFT
PQFSBUFECZ%JHJUBM(MPCF(FP&ZFBOE3BQJE&ZF
‡101‡
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Historical
Forecast
Figure 34. Commercial Remote Sensing Launch History and Projected Launch Plans
Science and Engineering Launch Demand
4DJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHJODMVEFTQBZMPBETSFMBUFEUPCBTJDBOEBQQMJFT
SFTFBSDIBOEUIPTFXJUINJTTJPOTSFMBUFEUPTQBDFUFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOE
EFNPOTUSBUJPO1BZMPBETXJUICBTJDSFTFBSDINJTTJPOTJODMVEFCJPMPHJDBMBOE
QIZTJDBMSFTFBSDITQBDFTDJFODF&BSUITDJFODFBOESFMBUFEmFMET1BZMPBET
XJUIBQQMJFESFTFBSDINJTTJPOTBSFEFTJHOFEUPTPMWFQSBDUJDBMQSPCMFNTBOE
BSFVTVBMMZESJWFOCZHPWFSONFOUPSJOEVTUSZOFFET1BZMPBETXJUINJTTJPOT
GPDVTFEPOTQBDFUFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPOBEESFTTFOHJOFFSJOH
RVFTUJPOT
4DJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHQBZMPBETDPOTUJUVUFQFSDFOUPGUIFTBUFMMJUF
NBSLFUBOEQFSDFOUPGUIFMBVODINBSLFU5IFTFJODMVEFBTUFBEZTUSFBN
PGCBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIQBZMPBETQSJNBSJMZGSPNDPVOUSJFTUIBUEPOPU
IBWFJOEJHFOPVTMBVODIDBQBCJMJUJFT5IFZBMTPJODMVEFGPVSMBVODIFTPGOFX
UFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPONJTTJPOT0SCJUBM"OUBSFTWFIJDMF4QBDF9T
'BMDPO)FBWZ/"4"TVODSFXFEUFTUPGUIF0SJPO.1$7POB%FMUB*7BOEB
UFTUPG#JHFMPXT#&".NPEVMF
5IFNBSLFUDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOPGUIFOFBSUFSN
JODMVEFT
NBOJGFTUFECBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIMBVODIFTBOENBOJGFTUFETQBDF
UFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPOMBVODIFT'PSUIFQFSJPEPGUP
CBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIMBVODIFTBSFQSPKFDUFENBLJOHBOBWFSBHFPGJO
FBDIPGUIFPVUZFBST5IFSFJTOPQVCMJDMZBWBJMBCMFNBOJGFTUFEMBVODIFTGPSUIF
UPUJNFQFSJPE5IFSFGPSFXFFYQFDUBUPUBMPGMBVODIFTGSPN
UPHFOFSBUFECZUIFTDJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHTFHNFOU
‡102‡
Launch Data and Trends
Historical
Forecast
Figure 35. Science and Engineering Launch History and Projected Launch Plans
&RPPHUFLDO&DUJRDQG&UHZ7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ6HUYLFHV
$PNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPODBQBCJMJUJFTJODMVEFDPNNFSDJBM
MBVODIFTPGDBSHPBOEIVNBOTUP-&04QFDJmDBMMZDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOE
DSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJODMVEFT/"4"T$054EFWFMPQNFOU$PNNFSDJBM3FTVQQMZ
4FSWJDFT$34
UPUIF*44BOEDPNNFSDJBMDSFXEFWFMPQNFOUFGGPSUT
$PNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTFSWJDFTNBLFVQQFSDFOUPG
MBVODIFTJOUIJTGPSFDBTU5IJTNBSLTBTMJHIUJODSFBTFGSPNQFSDFOUQSPKFDUFE
JOUIFGPSFDBTU*GDPNNFSDJBMWFIJDMFTCFHJOMBVODIJOH#JHFMPXNPEVMFTUP
UIF*44PS#JHFMPXTQBDFTUBUJPOTUIFOVNCFSPGMBVODIFTJOUIJTTFDUJPODPVME
HSPXJOUIFPVUZFBST)PXFWFSUIFMBVODIFTJOUIJTTFDUJPODBSSZTJHOJmDBOU
mOBODJBMBOEUFDIOJDBMSJTLCFDBVTFBMMPGUIFMBVODIFTBSFPOOFXMBVODI
WFIJDMFTPSOFXTQBDFDSBGUUIBUBSFCFJOHEFWFMPQFEXJUI/"4"BQQSPQSJBUFE
GVOET5IJTMBVODIQSPKFDUJPOSFQSFTFOUT/"4"TDVSSFOUQMBOTGPSDPNNFSDJBM
DBSHPBOEDSFXTFSWJDFTUPUIF*44
Historical
Forecast
Figure 36. Commercial Cargo and Crew Transportation Services Launch History and
Projected Launch Plans
‡103‡
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/DXQFK9HKLFOHV7\SLFDOO\8VHGIRU1*620LVVLRQV
%VSJOHUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPETFWFSBMDIBOHFTXJMMPDDVSJOUIFBWBJMBCJMJUZPG
MBVODIWFIJDMFTGPSDVTUPNFSTTFFLJOHUPMBVODIUP/(40PODPNNFSDJBMMZ
QSPDVSFEWFIJDMFT4PNFOFXWFIJDMFTXJMMCFJOUSPEVDFEXIJMFPUIFSTXJMMSFUJSF
*OUIF644QBDF9CFHBOUPMBVODISFWFOVFHFOFSBUJOHnJHIUTPGUIF'BMDPO
JO0SCJUBMXJMMJOUSPEVDFJUT"OUBSFTNFEJVNDMBTTWFIJDMFXJUI
SFWFOVFHFOFSBUJOHnJHIUTCFHJOOJOHJO*OCPUIDBTFTUIFTFnJHIUTXJMM
CFDPOEVDUFEVOEFS/"4"T$34DPOUSBDUT*OBEEJUJPO-PDLIFFE.BSUJO
$PNNFSDJBM-BVODI4FSWJDFTXJMMCFQSPWJEJOHVQHSBEFEWBSJBOUTPGUIF"UIFOB
MBVODIWFIJDMFXJUIMBVODIFTFYQFDUFEFBSMZJOUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE
*O&VSPQF"SJBOFTQBDFT7FHBTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFQFSGPSNFEB
TVDDFTTGVMJOBVHVSBMnJHIUJO'FCSVBSZ$IJOBJTXPSLJOHPOBTNBMMDMBTT
WFIJDMFDBMMFEUIF-POH.BSDIXIJDINBZCFPGGFSFEDPNNFSDJBMMZ5IFmSTU
MBVODIPGUIJTWFIJDMFJTFYQFDUFEFBSMZJOUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE+BQBOQMBOTUP
JOBVHVSBUFJUT&QTJMPOTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFJOXIJMF4PVUI,PSFB
DPOUJOVFTUPEFWFMPQJUT,PSFBO4QBDF-BVODI7FIJDMFTZTUFNXIJDIJODMVEFT
UIFTNBMMDMBTT/BSPWFIJDMF5IF/BSPQSFWJPVTMZLOPXOBTUIF,PSFBO
4QBDF-BVODI7FIJDMF,4-7
IBTMBVODIFEUXJDFTJODFCPUIMBVODIFT
FOEFEJOGBJMVSFT
5IF%FQBSUNFOUPG%FGFOTF%P%
QMBOTUPSFUJSFUIF.JOPUBVSTFSJFTPGWFIJDMFT
CZ*O3VTTJBUIF"OHBSBBMJHIUWFSTJPOPGUIFBOUJDJQBUFE"OHBSB
TFSJFTXJMMSFQMBDFUIF,PTNPT.5TZLMPOBOE3PDLPUMBVODIWFIJDMFT
/FXWFIJDMFTFYQFDUFEUPCFDPNFBWBJMBCMFXJUIJOUIFOFYUUXPUPUISFFZFBST
JODMVEF"UIFOB64
&QTJMPO+BQBO
BOE-POH.BSDI$IJOB
5IFTF
WFIJDMFTBSFEFTJHOFEUPMBVODITFWFSBMNJDSPBOETNBMMDMBTTQBZMPBETBU
BUJNF)PXFWFSUIF(40GPSFDBTUQSPKFDUTBUSFOEUPXBSEIJHIFSNBTTDMBTT
QBZMPBET'PS/(40UIFQFSLJMPHSBNDPTUUPPSCJUGPSBTNBMMDMBTTMBVODI
WFIJDMFUFOETUPCFIJHIFSUIBOUIBUGPSBMBSHFSDBQBDJUZWFIJDMFXIJDINBZ
NBLFUIFTFOFXTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTUPPFYQFOTJWFGPSNBOZNJDSP
TBUFMMJUFDVTUPNFST5IFSFGPSFNBOZTNBMM/(40TBUFMMJUFTNBZHPBTQJHHZ
CBDLQBZMPBETPOMBSHFSWFIJDMFTMFBWJOHTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTXJUIUIF
TNBMMFSNBSLFUPGUJNFDSJUJDBMEFMJWFSZPGQBZMPBETJOPSCJU
‡104‡
Launch Data and Trends
SUMMARY OF SUBORBITAL REUSABLE
VEHICLES: A 10-YEAR FORECAST OF
MARKET DEMAND
*O"VHVTUUIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPOT0GmDFPG$PNNFSDJBM
4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO'"""45
BOE4QBDF'MPSJEBQSFQBSFEGPSFDBTUTPG
EFNBOEGPSTVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT437T
GPSBZFBSQFSJPE
4VCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT437T
BSFDSFBUJOHBOFXTQBDFnJHIUJOEVTUSZ
437TBSFDPNNFSDJBMMZEFWFMPQFESFVTBCMFTQBDFWFIJDMFTUIBUNBZDBSSZ
IVNBOTPSDBSHP5IFDPNQBOJFTEFWFMPQJOHUIFTFWFIJDMFTUZQJDBMMZUBSHFU
IJHInJHIUSBUFTBOESFMBUJWFMZMPXDPTUT437TDBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHIVNBOTBSF
JOEFWFMPQNFOUBOEQMBOOFEGPSPQFSBUJPOTJOUIFOFYUGFXZFBST437TUIBU
DBSSZDBSHPBSFPQFSBUJPOBMOPXXJUINPSFQMBOOFE
5IJTTUVEZGPSFDBTUTZFBSEFNBOEGPS437T5IFHPBMPGUIJTTUVEZJTUP
QSPWJEFJOGPSNBUJPOGPSHPWFSONFOUBOEJOEVTUSZEFDJTJPONBLFSTPOUIF
FNFSHJOH437NBSLFUCZBOBMZ[JOHEZOBNJDTUSFOETBOEBSFBTPGVODFSUBJOUZ
JOFJHIUEJTUJODUNBSLFUT437TDPVMEBEESFTT5IJTTUVEZXBTKPJOUMZGVOEFECZ
UIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPO0GmDFPG$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO
'"""45
BOE4QBDF'MPSJEBBOEDPOEVDUFECZ5IF5BVSJ(SPVQ
SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLE MARKETS
5IJTTUVEZBOBMZ[FT437EFNBOEJOFJHIUNBSLFUTXIJDIXFSFJEFOUJmFEBOE
HSPVQFECZTJNJMBSJUZPGBQQMJDBUJPOTQVSQPTFBDUJWJUJFTBOEDVTUPNFST'JHVSF
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Figure 37. SRV Markets
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METHODOLOGY
5IF5BVSJ(SPVQDPNCJOFEQSJNBSZSFTFBSDINPSFUIBOJOUFSWJFXTB
TVSWFZPGIJHIOFUXPSUIJOEJWJEVBMTBOEBQPMMPGTVCPSCJUBMSFTFBSDIFST
BOE
PQFOTPVSDFNBUFSJBMTTVDIBTNBSLFUTUVEJFTBOEEBUBPOBOBMPHNBSLFUT
HPWFSONFOUCVEHFUTBOEQFSGPSNBODF
JOGPSNBUJPOPODPNQFUJOHQMBUGPSNT
UP
CVJMEBGVMMBOEPCKFDUJWFQJDUVSFPG437
NBSLFUEZOBNJDT5IFGPSFDBTUSFTVMUT
BSFJOTFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTCBTFEPO
Table 42. Seat/Cargo Equivalents
BWFSBHFDBQBDJUZPG437TTFF5BCMF
%FNBOEJOFBDINBSLFUXBTGPSFDBTUGPSUISFFTDFOBSJPT
Baseline scenario437TPQFSBUFJOBQSFEJDUBCMFQPMJUJDBMBOEFDPOPNJD
FOWJSPONFOUUIBUJTSFMBUJWFMZTJNJMBSUPUPEBZT*OUIJTTDFOBSJPFYJTUJOHUSFOET
HFOFSBUFEFNBOEGPS437T
*URZWKVFHQDULR5IJTGPSFDBTUSFnFDUTOFXEZOBNJDTFNFSHJOHGSPN
NBSLFUJOHCSBOEJOHBOESFTFBSDITVDDFTTFT$PNNFSDJBM)VNBO4QBDFnJHIU
IBTBUSBOTGPSNBUJWFFGGFDUPODPOTVNFSCFIBWJPSBOENPSFDVTUPNFST
QVSDIBTF437nJHIUT437SFTFBSDISFTVMUTBSFIJHIMZQSPEVDUJWFBOEBUUSBDU
TJHOJmDBOUOFXHPWFSONFOUJOUFSOBUJPOBMBOEDPNNFSDJBMJOUFSFTUGPSGVUVSF
FYQFSJNFOUT
Constrained scenario437TPQFSBUFJOBOFOWJSPONFOUPGESBNBUJDSFEVDUJPO
JOTQFOEJOHDPNQBSFEUPUPEBZEVFGPSFYBNQMFUPXPSTFOFEHMPCBMFDPOPNZ
RESULTS
5PUBMQSPKFDUFEEFNBOEGPS437TBDSPTTBMMFJHIUNBSLFUTHSPXTGSPNBSPVOE
TFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTJO:FBSUPPWFSTFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTJOUIF
UFOUIZFBSPGUIFCBTFMJOFDBTF:FBSSFQSFTFOUTUIFmSTUZFBSPGSFHVMBS437
PQFSBUJPOT
%FNBOEVOEFSUIFHSPXUITDFOBSJPXIJDISFnFDUTJODSFBTFTEVF
UPGBDUPSTTVDIBTNBSLFUJOHSFTFBSDITVDDFTTFTBOEnJHIUPQFSBUJPOTHSPXT
GSPNBCPVUUPNPSFUIBOTFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTPWFSUFOZFBST5IF
DPOTUSBJOFETDFOBSJPXIJDISFnFDUTTJHOJmDBOUMZSFEVDFEDPOTVNFSTQFOEJOH
BOEHPWFSONFOUCVEHFUTTIPXTEFNBOEGSPNBCPVUUPTFBUDBSHP
FRVJWBMFOUTQFSZFBSTFF5BCMF
Baseline
4DFOBSJP
(SPXUI
4DFOBSJP
$POTUSBJOFE
4DFOBSJP
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
Total
Table 43. Total Projected Demand for SRVs Across All Markets
‡106‡
Launch Data and Trends
DEMAND BY MARKET
"TTIPXOJO'JHVSFCFMPXXIJDIDPNQBSFTGPSFDBTUTGPSBMMNBSLFUTCZ
TDFOBSJPEFNBOEGPS437TJTEPNJOBUFECZ$PNNFSDJBM)VNBO4QBDFnJHIU
0VSBOBMZTJTJOEJDBUFTUIBUBCPVUIJHIOFUXPSUIJOEJWJEVBMTGSPNBDSPTT
UIFHMPCFBSFTVGmDJFOUMZJOUFSFTUFEBOEIBWFTQFOEJOHQBUUFSOTMJLFMZUPSFTVMUJO
UIFQVSDIBTFPGBTVCPSCJUBMnJHIU‰POFUIJSEGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTCBTFEPO
HMPCBMXFBMUIEJTUSJCVUJPO
5IFJOUFSFTUFEQPQVMBUJPOXJMMHSPXBUUIFTBNFSBUF
BTUIFIJHIOFUXPSUIQPQVMBUJPOBCPVUBOOVBMMZ
8FFTUJNBUFUIBUBCPVU
PGUIFJOUFSFTUFEIJHIOFUXPSUIQPQVMBUJPOPSJOEJWJEVBMTXJMMnZ
XJUIJOUIFZFBSGPSFDBTUQFSJPE
4BUFMMJUF
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5FDIOPMPHZ
Demonstration
#BTJDBOE
"QQMJFE3FTFBSDI
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4QBDFnJHIU
Figure 38. Total SRV Forecast by Market and Scenario
8FFYQFDUTQBDFFOUIVTJBTUTPVUTJEFUIFIJHIOFUXPSUIQPQVMBUJPOXJMMHFOFSBUF
BOBEEJUJPOBMEFNBOE
5IFSFTVMUJOHCBTFMJOFGPSFDBTUJTTFBUTJOUIFmSTUZFBSHSPXJOHUPOFBSMZ
TFBUTCZZFBSUPUBMJOHBCPVUPWFSZFBST5IFHSPXUITDFOBSJP
QSFEJDUTBUPUBMPGTFBUTUIFDPOTUSBJOFETDFOBSJPBUPUBMPG"CPVU
JOEJWJEVBMTDVSSFOUMZIBWFSFTFSWBUJPOTPO437T
%FNBOEGPS$PNNFSDJBM)VNBO4QBDFnJHIUJTQSFTFOUFEIFSFBTBSFMBUJWFMZ
TUFBEZTUBUFJOFBDITDFOBSJPSFnFDUJOHDVSSFOUMFWFMTPGJOUFSFTUJOUIF
QPQVMBUJPOBTTVNJOHJOEJWJEVBMTBSFFRVBMMZMJLFMZUPDIPPTFUPnZJOBOZHJWFO
ZFBSXJUIJOUIFZFBSUJNFGSBNF
5IJTDPOWFOUJPOJTVTFGVMCFDBVTFPGUIFVODFSUBJOUZBTTPDJBUFEXJUIUIF
EZOBNJDTPGEFNBOEBTJUSFTQPOETUPGVUVSFFWFOUT*UJTOPUUPTVHHFTU
UIBUEFNBOEXJMMBMXBZTCFTUFBEZTUBUFEFNBOENBZFWPMWFJOEJGGFSFOU
VOQSFEJDUBCMFXBZT'PSFYBNQMFEFNBOENBZTIJGUGSPNUIFCBTFMJOFMFWFM
UPUIFHSPXUIMFWFMBGUFSnJHIUPQFSBUJPOTIBWFCFHVO%FNBOENBZHSPXBT
XFIBWFOPUFEQSFWJPVTMZNPSFSBQJEMZUIBOQSFEJDUFECBTFEPOWJSBMPSiNF
UPPwFGGFDUTBTBGVODUJPOPGUIFTPDJBMEZOBNJDTGPMMPXJOHTVDDFTTGVMMBVODI
FYQFSJFODFT%FNBOEDPVMEEFDMJOFGPSTJNJMBSSFBTPOT
‡107‡
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JODSFBTF'JHVSFJTBEFNBOE
DVSWFGPSJOEJWJEVBMTXJUIBUMFBTU
NJMMJPOJOJOWFTUBCMFBTTFUT
TIPXJOHUIFFGGFDUPGDIBOHJOH
QSJDFTPOEFNBOE"EEJUJPOBM
EFNBOEOPUTIPXO
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SFTVMUGSPNJOEJWJEVBMTXJUIMPXFS
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5IFTFDPOEMBSHFTUBSFBPG
EFNBOEJT#BTJDBOE"QQMJFE
3FTFBSDIGVOEFEQSJNBSJMZ
CZHPWFSONFOUBHFODJFTBOE
BMTPCZSFTFBSDIOPUGPSQSPmUT
VOJWFSTJUJFTBOEDPNNFSDJBM
mSNT#BTJDBOE"QQMJFE
3FTFBSDIBDDPVOUTGPSBCPVU
PGCBTFMJOFEFNBOE437T
DBOTVQQPSUBXJEFSBOHFPG
Figure 39. Price Elasticity of Suborbital Tickets for
QPTTJCMFBDUJWJUJFTCVUPGGFS
Individuals with $5M in Investable Assets
VOJRVFDBQBCJMJUZQSJNBSJMZ
JOGPVSBSFBTBUNPTQIFSJD
SFTFBSDITVCPSCJUBMBTUSPOPNZMPOHJUVEJOBMIVNBOSFTFBSDIBOENJDSPHSBWJUZ
5IFTFBSFBTFOBCMFJOWFTUJHBUJPOTUIBUXPVMECFPGJNNFEJBUFJOUFSFTUUPTQBDF
BOETDJFODFHPWFSONFOUBHFODJFT$PNNFSDJBMmSNTXJMMTFFLUPUFTU437T
BTSFTFBSDIQMBUGPSNTBTSFnFDUFEJOUIFGPSFDBTU5IFZDPVMECFBTPVSDF
PGBEEJUJPOBMHSPXUICFZPOEXIBUJTGPSFDBTU
JGBOFDPOPNJDBMMZWBMVBCMF
BQQMJDBUJPOFNFSHFT*OUIFHSPXUITDFOBSJPEFNBOEBCPVUEPVCMFTEVFUPOFX
HPWFSONFOUQSPHSBNTEPVCMFEDPNNFSDJBMBDUJWJUZBOENPSFSBQJEVQUBLFCZ
JOUFSOBUJPOBMTQBDFBHFODJFTESJWFOCZEFNPOTUSBUFESFTFBSDITVDDFTTFT*O
UIFDPOTUSBJOFETDFOBSJPEFNBOEBCPVUIBMWFT
5IFSFNBJOJOHPGEFNBOEJTHFOFSBUFECZ"FSPTQBDF5FDIOPMPHZ5FTUBOE
%FNPOTUSBUJPO&EVDBUJPOXIJDIXJMMTFFIVOESFETPGTDIPPMTBOEVOJWFSTJUJFT
nZJOHMPXDPTUTNBMMQBZMPBETUPQSPWJEFTUVEFOUTBMFBSOJOHUPPM
4BUFMMJUF
%FQMPZNFOUXIJDIJODMVEFTUIFMBVODIPGWFSZTNBMMTBUFMMJUFT
BOE.FEJBBOE
13UISPVHIXIBUXFIBWFQSFEJDUFEUPCFBTNBMMCVUJOnVFOUJBMOVNCFSPG
nJHIUTGPSBEWFSUJTFNFOUTEPDVNFOUBSJFTBOEUFMFWJTJPOQSPHSBNNJOH
*OUIF
HSPXUITDFOBSJPEFNBOEJOUIFTFNBSLFUTEPVCMFTPSUSJQMFT*OUIFDPOTUSBJOFE
TDFOBSJPEFNBOEJTBCPVUIBMGPSMFTTPGCBTFMJOFMFWFMT
5XPNBSLFUTBSFOPUGPSFDBTUFEUPESJWFMBVODIFT437TDBOQSPWJEFBQMBUGPSN
GPS3FNPUF4FOTJOHBDUJWJUJFTCVUEPOPUPGGFSBDPNQFUJUJWFBEWBOUBHFPWFS
DPNQFUJOHTBUFMMJUFTBJSDSBGUBOEVONBOOFEBFSJBMWFIJDMFT6"7T
'JOBMMZ
JODPNJOHEFDBEFT437TDPVMEFWPMWFJOUPIZQFSTPOJDBJSMJOFSTUPTVQQPSUB
NBSLFUGPS1PJOUUP1PJOU5SBOTQPSUBUJPO)PXFWFSUIJTUFDIOPMPHZXJMMOPUCF
BWBJMBCMFJOUIFUJNFIPSJ[POPGUIJTGPSFDBTU
‡108‡
Launch Data and Trends
DEMAND BY USER
Individuals
20%
5IFNBKPSJUZPG437EFNBOEDPNFT
GSPNJOEJWJEVBMTTFF'JHVSF
UIF
437NBSLFUJTBDPOTVNFSNBSLFU
$POTFRVFOUMZUIFDBQBCJMJUZBOEWJBCJMJUZ
PG437WFOUVSFTXJMMCFIFBWJMZJOnVFODFE
CZJOEJWJEVBMEFDJTJPONBLFST
Individuals
80%
Enterprise
(Government,
ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ͕EŽŶͲWƌŽĮƚͿ
6OMJLFFOUFSQSJTFVTFSTXIPUZQJDBMMZIBWF
Figure 40. Enterprise Demand and Individual Demand
MFBEUJNFTGPSEFDJTJPONBLJOHNFBTVSFE
in Baseline Case
JOZFBSTSFnFDUJOHBOOVBMCVEHFUJOH
QSPDFTTFTBOEHPWFSONFOUQSPHSBN
UJNFMJOFT
JOEJWJEVBMTDBONBLFQVSDIBTJOHEFDJTJPOTRVJDLMZ5IJTNBSLFUJT
MJLFMZUPCFTFOTJUJWFUPQFSDFQUJPOTPGSJTLBOEIPXFYQFDUBUJPOTBOETIBSFE
FYQFSJFODFTPG437nJHIUTEJTTFNJOBUF
5IFCFIBWJPSPGDPOTVNFSTJOUIFGVUVSFSFNBJOTVODFSUBJO.BSLFUJOHBOE
WJTJCJMJUZSFTVMUJOHGSPNUIFBQQSPBDIPGnJHIUPQFSBUJPOTPSTVDDFTTGVMBOE
QVCMJDJ[FEnJHIUFYQFSJFODFTDPVMETJHOJmDBOUMZoBOESBQJEMZoJODSFBTF
EFNBOE"MUFSOBUJWFMZUIPTFUIBUIBWFQVSDIBTFEUJDLFUTBMSFBEZNBZSFQSFTFOU
BOFBSMZBEPQUFSQPQVMBUJPOXJUIEJGGFSFOUNPUJWBUJPOTBOESJTLEJTQPTJUJPOGSPN
UIFCSPBEFSNBSLFU"UMFBTUTPNFQPSUJPOPGUJDLFUTTPMEUPEBUFBSFSFGVOEBCMF
PSEFQPTJUTSBUIFSUIBOGVMMQBZNFOUTDSFBUJOHBQPTTJCJMJUZUIBUOPUBMMUJDLFU
IPMEFSTXJMMDPOWFSUUPQBTTFOHFST
28%
Enterprises
Enterprise Seats
&OUFSQSJTFVTFSTJODMVEFHPWFSONFOU
Enterprise Cargo
DPNNFSDJBMOPOQSPmUTBOETDIPPMBOE
72%
VOJWFSTJUZ437VTFSTBOESFQSFTFOUT
BCPVUBmGUIPGUPUBMGPSFDBTUFE437
EFNBOE.PTUFOUFSQSJTFEFNBOEJT
GPSDBSHPSBUIFSUIBOTFBUTTFF'JHVSF
"CPVUIBMGPGFOUFSQSJTFEFNBOEJT
Figure 41. Enterprise Demand by Type of Payload
GSPNHPWFSONFOUBHFODJFTGPMMPXFECZ
DPNNFSDJBMFOUJUJFTNPSFUIBOPOFUIJSE
12%
XJUITDIPPMTBOEOPOQSPmUTBDDPVOUJOH
GPSUIFSFNBJOEFSTFF'JHVSF
0WFS
Government
53%
PGHPWFSONFOUEFNBOEJT/"4"
Commercial, including
35%
satellite deployment
/PUFUIBUUIJTNFBOTUIBUPVSGPSFDBTU
EŽŶͲƉƌŽĮƚ͕
QSPKFDUTUIBU/"4"SFQSFTFOUTMFTTUIBO
including schools
PGUPUBM437EFNBOE
"CPVU
PGFOUFSQSJTFEFNBOEJTGSPNOPO64
BHFODJFTNBJOMZJOUIF3FTFBSDIBOE
5FDIOPMPHZ5FTUBOE%FNPOTUSBUJPO
Figure 42. Enterprise Demand by Type of User
NBSLFUT'JOBMMZBCPVUPOFUIJSEPG
FOUFSQSJTFEFNBOEJTGSPNDPNNFSDJBMFOUJUJFToBCPVU3FTFBSDIXJUIUIF
SFTUGSPN.FEJBBOE13$PNNFSDJBM)VNBO4QBDFnJHIUBOEWFSZTNBMMTBUFMMJUF
MBVODIFT
‡109‡
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REVENUE
0VSGPSFDBTUSPVHIMZUSBOTMBUFTBUPUBMPGNJMMJPOJOEFNBOEPWFSZFBST
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TDFOBSJPUPUBMTNJMMJPO
5IFSFBSFJNQPSUBOUDBWFBUTUPUIFTFFTUJNBUFT5IFZEPOPUSFnFDUBMMSFMBUFE
FYQFOEJUVSFTBTTPDJBUFEXJUIEFNBOETVDIBTGPSFYBNQMFCVEHFUTGPS
EFWFMPQJOHFYQFSJNFOUTIBSEXBSFBOEQBZJOHSFTFBSDIFSTPSSFWFOVFTGSPN
TQBDFQPSUBDUJWJUJFTGPSGBNJMZBOEGSJFOETPGUIPTFnZJOH
5IFZBMTPEPOPU
SFQSFTFOUQSFEJDUFE437nJHIUSFWFOVFTCVUSBUIFSUIFQPUFOUJBMSFWFOVF
BTTPDJBUFEXJUI437EFNBOE5IFJOUFSQMBZPGTVQQMZXJUIEFNBOEJT
VOBDDPVOUFEGPS'PSFYBNQMFUIFSFJTOFBSUFSNEFNBOEGPSTBUFMMJUFMBVODIFT
BU437QSJDFTBOESFnFDUJWFPG437DBQBCJMJUJFTCVUOP437TDBQBCMFPG
MBVODIJOHTBUFMMJUFTBSFBOUJDJQBUFEVOUJM
"DUVBMSFWFOVFTXJMMEFQFOEPOXIFOWFIJDMFTCFDPNFPQFSBUJPOBMUIFQBDF
PGPQFSBUJPOTPWFSBMMUIFSFMBUJWFnJHIUSBUFTPGQSPWJEFSTBODJMMBSZTPVSDFTPG
SFWFOVFBOEGVUVSFQSJDFMFWFMT*GJO:FBSSFTFSWBUJPOTPDDVSSFEBUSPVHIMZ
UIFSBUFBUXIJDIUIFZIBWFSFDFOUMZCFFOBOOPVODFEJOBOEJO
BOEBUPUBMPGTJODF
TBMFTUPGVMmMMPVSEFNBOEGPSFDBTUJOUIF
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"OOPVODFEIJTUPSJDBMSFTFSWBUJPOTDPNQBSFEUPUIJTQPTTJCMFUSFOEPGGVUVSF
SFTFSWBUJPOTBSFTIPXOJO'JHVSF
4,500
4,000
3,500
Reservations
3,000
2,500
*URZWK
2,000
Possible Reservation Trends
1,500
Announced Reservations to Date
(To Meet Forecasted Demand)
1,000
Baseline
500
Constrained
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2012
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Figure 43. Possible Reservations Trend to Meet Forecasted Demand
‡110‡
Launch Data and Trends
MAJOR UNCERTAINTIES
5IFGPSFDBTUQSFEJDUTPVUDPNFTSFMBUFEUPFYQFSJFODFTUIBUGPSUIFNPTUQBSU
EPOPUZFUFYJTU*GMFWFMTPG437DBQBCJMJUZBOEQFSGPSNBODFWBSZGSPNXIBUJT
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QPUFOUJBMQBTTFOHFSIBTBQSPCBCJMJUZPGnZJOHJOBHJWFOZFBSTP
PGJOUFSFTUFEQBTTFOHFSTUPEBZXJMMnZXJUIJOUIFOFYUZFBST
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QBTTFOHFSTIBWFOFUBTTFUTFYDFFEJOHNJMMJPO3FMBYJOHPS
TUSFOHUIFOJOHBOZPGUIFTFBTTVNQUJPOTDIBOHFTEFNBOETJHOJmDBOUMZ
"OPUIFSTFOTJUJWJUZJOWPMWFTSFTFBSDIPVUDPNFT3FTFBSDITVDDFTTBOE
JEFOUJmDBUJPOPGBDMFBSSFMBUFEDPNNFSDJBMBQQMJDBUJPOUIBUSFRVJSFTTVTUBJOFE
POHPJOH437VTFDPVMEJODSFBTFGVOEJOHCFZPOEUIFFYQMPSBUPSZMFWFMT
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437DBQBCJMJUJFTWBSZGSPNDVSSFOUFYQFDUBUJPOTUIFTFMFWFMTPGBDUJWJUZDPVME
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EFHSFFPSGPSNJDSPHSBWJUZSFTFBSDIJOUFHSBUFEXJUI*44BDUJWJUJFT5IFGPSFDBTU
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GSPNUIFTFHPWFSONFOUT"MUFSOBUJWFMZSBQJEVQUBLFBOEHSFBUFSBDUJWJUZGSPN
UIFTFOBUJPOTDPVMESFTVMUJOIJHIFSEFNBOEUIBOQSFEJDUFE
"TBOJOEJDBUPSPGUIFSFWFOVFBTTPDJBUFEXJUIFTUJNBUFEEFNBOEXFUSBOTMBUFE
PVSGPSFDBTUGSPNTFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTBUBSBUFPGQFSTFBUDBSHP
FRVJWBMFOU5IJTFTUJNBUFSFnFDUTBOOPVODFETFBUQSJDFTBDSPTTWFIJDMFTJO
BDUJWFEFWFMPQNFOUFYUSBQPMBUFEUPBMMWFIJDMFTJODMVEJOHDBSHPPOMZWFIJDMFT
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TBUFMMJUFEFQMPZNFOUDPTUTPOBO9$03-ZOY.BSL***
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CONCLUSION
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JO437nJHIUSFWFOVFTVQQPSUJOHEBJMZnJHIUBDUJWJUZ5IFCBTFMJOFSFnFDUT
QSFEJDUBCMFEFNBOECBTFEPODVSSFOUUSFOETBOEDPOTVNFSJOUFSFTU*OUIF
HSPXUITDFOBSJPSFnFDUJOHJODSFBTFENBSLFUJOHEFNPOTUSBUFESFTFBSDI
TVDDFTTFTJODSFBTJOHBXBSFOFTTBOEHSFBUFSDPOTVNFSVQUBLFNVMUJQMF
nJHIUTQFSEBZHFOFSBUFCJMMJPOJOSFWFOVFPWFSZFBST*OBDPOTUSBJOFE
TDFOBSJPXIFSFDPOTVNFSBOEFOUFSQSJTFTQFOEJOHESPQSFMBUJWFUPUPEBZT
USFOETNVMUJQMFXFFLMZnJHIUTHFOFSBUFBCPVUNJMMJPOPWFSZFBST
'VSUIFSQPUFOUJBMDPVMECFSFBMJ[FEUISPVHIQSJDFSFEVDUJPOTBOEVOQSFEJDUBCMF
BDIJFWFNFOUTTVDIBTNBKPSSFTFBSDIEJTDPWFSJFTUIFJEFOUJmDBUJPOPGOFX
DPNNFSDJBMBQQMJDBUJPOTUIFFNFSHFODFPGHMPCBMCSBOEWBMVFBOEOFX
HPWFSONFOUFTQFDJBMMZNJMJUBSZ
VTFTGPS437T'JHVSFQSFTFOUTBTVNNBSZPG
UIFZFBS437EFNBOEGPSFDBTU
1,800
1,800
Game changing unknowns: price reductions, research discoveries,
commercial applications, major sponsorships, others
Seat/Cargo Equivalents
1,400
1,400
1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
Grow
ultiple
th: M
$200
$200
rs
0 yea
over 1
B
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1
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per d
flights
$150
$150
Increased demand from marketing, research
successes, and flight operations
800
800
600
600
$100
$100
Today’s consumer demand and research budgets
over 10 years
hts, nearly $600M
Baseline: Daily flig
400
400
200
200
0-
$50
$50
If there is a significant drop from today’s
demand
Year
Year 11
Year
Year 22
Year
Year 33
Year
Year 44
Constrained: Multiple flights per week, $300M over 10 years
Year
Year 55
Year
Year 66
Year
Year 77
Figure 44. 10-year SRV Demand Forecast
‡112‡
Year
Year 88
Year
Year 99
Year
10
Year 10
$0
$0
Approximate Annual Flight Revenue ($M)
1,600
1,600
Additional potential demand
(not estimated)
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APPENDICES
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U.S. Suborbital Vehicles Factsheets
Commercial On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms Factsheets
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Orbital Sciences Corp.
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ATLAS V
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Orbital Sciences Corp.
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kg (lb)
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Orbital Sciences Corp.
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*O0DUPCFS45*(#QFSGPSNFEUIFmSTU
MJDFOTFEMBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB
Operator
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV
64"
Manufacturer
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
Launch Site
4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB
/HQJWKPIW
'LDPHWHUPIW
Engine Manufacturer
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
Propellant
-09FUIBOPM
9HKLFOH7\SH
7FSUJDBMUBLFPGG
QBSBDIVUFSFDPWFSZ
Year Launch Operations Began
&DUJR&DSDFLW\NJOE
$SRJHHNPPL
7LPHLQ0LFURJUDYLW\
_NJOVUFT
Flight Duration
_NJOVUFT
45*(#
‡137‡
XAERO
0DVWHQ6SDFH6\VWHPV
.BTUFODVSSFOUMZPGGFSTUIF9BFSPTVCPSCJUBM
WFIJDMFGPSQBZMPBEnJHIUT9PHEPSXJMMCFUIF
OFYUWFIJDMFBOEJTDVSSFOUMZJOEFWFMPQNFOU
.BTUFOJOUFOETUPMBUFSEFWFMPQBSFVTBCMF
TVCPSCJUBMQSPEVDUJPOWFIJDMFDBMMFEUIF
&YUSFNF"MUJUVEF9"
.BTUFO4QBDF
4ZTUFNTJTMPDBUFEJO.PKBWF$BMJGPSOJB
9BFSPBOE9PHEPSBSFCPUIWFSUJDBMUBLFPGG
WFSUJDBMMBOEJOH757-
VODSFXFEWFIJDMFT
9BFSPJTEFTJHOFEUPSFBDILJMPNFUFS
NJMF
BMUJUVEFTXJUIBLJMPHSBNQPVOE
QBZMPBEXIFSFBT9PHEPSXJMMCFDBQBCMFPG
SFBDIJOHLJMPNFUFST
5IFFYBDUEFTJHOBOEQFSGPSNBODFNFUSJDTGPS
UIF9"BSFTUJMMOPUJPOBM
Operator
.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT
&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV
64"
Manufacturer
.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT
Launch Site
.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF1PSU
/HQJWKPIW
Engine Manufacturer
.BTUFS4QBDF4ZTUFNT
Propellant
-09BMDPIPM
9HKLFOH7\SH
7FSUJDBMUBLFPGG
QBSBDIVUFSFDPWFSZ
&DUJR&DSDFLW\NJOE
$SRJHHNPPL
Flight Duration
UPNJOVUFT
9BFSP
‡138‡
CST-100
Boeing
$SFX4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO
$45
JTBSFVTBCMFDBQTVMF
DPOTJTUJOHPGBDSFXNPEVMFBOE
TFSWJDFNPEVMF*UJTEFTJHOFEGPS
USBOTQPSUBUJPOPGVQUPTFWFODSFX
PSBDPNCJOBUJPOPGQFPQMFBOE
DBSHPUPBOEGSPNMPX&BSUIPSCJU
$45JTEFTJHOFEUPCFSFVTFE
VQUPUJNFTBOEJODMVEFTB
MBVODIFTDBQFTZTUFN
$45
5IF$45EFTJHOVTFTQSPWFO
nJHIUDPNQPOFOUTGSPNIFSJUBHF
TZTUFNTTVDIBTBO"QPMMP
QBSBDIVUFTZTUFNBOE0SJPOT
BJSCBHMBOEJOHTZTUFN$45
XJMMMBVODIJOJUJBMMZPOUIF"UMBT7
MBVODIWFIJDMFCVUUIFEFTJHOJT
DPNQBUJCMFXJUIBWBSJFUZPGMBVODI
WFIJDMFT#PFJOHQMBOTUPIBWF
$45PQFSBUJPOBMJO
CST-100
9HKLFOHW\SH
&UHZ
/HQJWKPIW
'LDPHWHUPIW
$SFXFESFVTBCMF
7
YUISVTUFSVOJUTTFSWJDFNPEVMF
Propulsion YUISVTUFSTDPNNBOENPEVMF
Y34BCPSUFOHJOFT
Propellant
-09BMDPIPM
‡139‡
Operator
#PFJOH
&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV
64"
Manufacturer
#PFJOH
Launch Site
$$"'44-$
Launch Vehicle
Atlas V
/DQGLQJ7\SH
1BSBDIVUFTQMBTIEPXO
Year Operations Begin
_
CYGNUS
Orbital Sciences Corp.
0SCJUBM4DJFODFT$PSQPSBUJPO
PGGFSTUIF$ZHOVTBOBEWBODFE
NBOFVWFSJOHTQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFE
UPUSBOTQPSUQSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPUP
UIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF4UBUJPO
/"4"TFMFDUFE0SCJUBMUPEFWFMPQ
UIF$ZHOVTVOEFSUIFBHFODZT
$PNNFSDJBM$SFXBOE$BSHP
1SPHSBN*OBEEJUJPO/"4"BXBSEFE
0SCJUBMB$PNNFSDJBM3FTVQQMZ
4FSWJDFTDPOUSBDUUPUBMMJOH
CJMMJPOUPQSPWJEFBUMFBTUFJHIUDBSHP
SFTVQQMZNJTTJPOTUPUIF*44
5IF$ZHOVTTZTUFNDPOTJTUTPGB
TFSWJDFNPEVMFCBTFEPO0CJUBMT
-&04UBSBOE(&04UBSBOEB
QSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPNPEVMFCBTFE
POUIFNVMUJQVSQPTFQSFTTVSJ[FE
MPHJTUJDTNPEVMFGPSUIF*44
EFWFMPQFECZ5IBMFT"MFOJB4QBDF
0ODFUIF$ZHOVTVOEPDLTGSPNUIF
*44JUDBOTUBZJOPSCJUGPSUXPZFBST
CFGPSFJUJTQSPHSBNNFEUPSFFOUFS
$ZHOVT
Operator
0SCJUBM4DJFODFT$PSQ
&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV
64"
Manufacturer
0SCJUBM4DJFODFT$PSQ
5IBMFT"MFOJB4QBDF
Launch Site
."341BE"
Launch Vehicle
Antares
/DQGLQJ7\SH
/POSFDPWFSBCMF
Year Operations Begin
6WDQGDUG&\JQXV
(QKDQFHG&\JQXV
$BSHPFYQFOEBCMF
$BSHFFYQFOEBCMF
/HQJWKPIW
'LDPHWHUPIW
8SPDVVNJOE
XFFLZFBST
XFFLZFBST
Propulsion
YNBJOFOHJOFYUISVTUFST
YNBJOFOHJOFYUISVTUFST
Propellant
/).0/
/).0/
9HKLFOHW\SH
3UHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP (ft )
3
3
Flight duration
3RZHUN:SHDN
‡140‡
DRAGON
%SBHPO
SpaceX
%SBHPOJTBGSFFnZJOHSFVTBCMF
TQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFEUPUBLFQSFTTVSJ[FE
DBSHPVOQSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPBOEPSB
DSFXPGTFWFOUPBOEGSPNMPX&BSUIPSCJU
5IFDSFXFEWFSTJPOJTBMNPTUJEFOUJDBM
UPUIFDBSHPWFSTJPOCVUJODMVEFTBMJGF
TVQQPSUTZTUFNDSFXFTDBQFTZTUFN
BOEPOCPBSEDPOUSPMTGPSUIFDSFXUP
UBLFPWFSGSPNUIFnJHIUDPNQVUFSXIFO
OFFEFE4QBDF9CFHBOEFWFMPQJOH
%SBHPOJOUFSOBMMZJO*OUIF
DPNQBOZSFDFJWFE/"4"GVOEJOHGPS
%SBHPOTEFWFMPQNFOUBOEPQFSBUJPO
VOEFSUIF$054QSPHSBN*OBEEJUJPO
/"4"BXBSEFE4QBDF9B$34DPOUSBDU
UPUBMJOHCJMMJPOUPQSPWJEFBUMFBTU
DBSHPSFTVQQMZNJTTJPOTUPUIF*44
4QBDF9IBTBMTPTFDVSFEGVOEJOHGSPN
/"4"GPSJUTFGGPSUTUPEFWFMPQ%SBHPOT
DSFXDBQBCJMJUJFTUISPVHIUIF$$%FW
QSPHSBNJOBOEUIF$$J$BQ
QSPHSBNJO$PNCJOFEUIFTFUXP
BXBSETBNPVOUUPNJMMJPO
9HKLFOHW\SH
Operator
4QBDF9
&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV
64"
Manufacturer
4QBDF9
Launch Site
$$"'44-$
Launch Vehicle
'BMDPO
/DQGLQJ7\SH
1BSBDIVUFTQMBTIEPXO
Year Operations Begin
%SBHPO$BSHP
$SFX%SBHPO
Dragon Cargo
&UHZ'UDJRQ
$BSHPSFVTBCMF
$SFXFESFVTBCMF
7
/HQJWKPIW
'LDPHWHUPIW
8SPDVVNJOE
'RZQPDVVNJOE
3UHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP3 (ft3)
8QSUHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP (ft )
XFFLZFBST
Propulsion
Y%SBDPUISVTUFST
Y%SBDPUISVTUFST
Propellant
/50..)
/50..)
&UHZ
3
3
Flight duration
3RZHUN:SHDN
‡141‡
DREAM CHASER
%SFBN$IBTFS
%SFBN$IBTFSJTBSFVTBCMFQJMPUFE
MJGUJOHCPEZTQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFE
UPnZVQUPTFWFODSFXBOEDBSHP
UPBOEGSPN-&0VTJOHOPOUPYJD
QSPQFMMBOU%SFBN$IBTFSXJMM
MBVODIWFSUJDBMMZPOBO"UMBT7
MBVODIWFIJDMFDPOEVDUPQFSBUJPOT
JOMPX&BSUIPSCJUBOEVMUJNBUFMZ
EPDLUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF
4UBUJPO'PMMPXJOHDPNQMFUJPOPGJUT
NJTTJPO%SFBN$IBTFSXJMMEFPSCJU
FYQFSJFODFBMPXHSFFOUSZHT
BOEHMJEFUPBIPSJ[POUBMMBOEJOHPOB
DPOWFOUJPOBMSVOXBZ
5IFEFTJHOPG%SFBN$IBTFSEFSJWFT
GSPN/"4"T)-FYQFSJNFOUBM
BJSDSBGUDPODFQU5IFPOCPBSE
QSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNJTEFSJWFE
GSPN4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQPSBUJPOT
4QBDF4IJQ0OFBOE4QBDF4IJQ5XP
IZCSJESPDLFUNPUPSUFDIOPMPHZ
%SFBN$IBTFSXJMMDPNQMFUFJUTmSTU
HMJEFUFTUJOFBSMZ
Dream Chaser
9HKLFOHW\SH
&UHZ
/HQJWKPIW
:LQJVSDQPIW
$SFXFESFVTBCMF
7
3UHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP (ft )
Flight duration
EBZT
3
3
Propulsion
YIZCSJENPUPST
Propellant
)5#1/O
‡142‡
Sierra Nevada Corp.
Operator
4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQ
&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV
64"
Manufacturer
4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQ
Launch Site
$$"'44-$
Launch Vehicle
Atlas V
/DQGLQJ7\SH
)PSJ[POUBMMBOEJOH
Year Operations Begin
_
CALIFORNIA SPACEPORT
VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE
4QBDFQPSU4ZTUFNT*OUFSOBUJPOBM44*
FTUBCMJTIFEJO
PQFSBUFT$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU$41
XIJDIJT
MPDBUFEPO$BMJGPSOJBTDFOUSBMDPBTU5IFTQBDFQPSUJTB
DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIGBDJMJUZBOETBUFMMJUFQSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZ
PO7BOEFOCFSH"JS'PSDF#BTF7"'#
*OUIF'""
JTTVFEUIFmSTU$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF-BVODI4JUF0QFSBUPST
-JDFOTFUPUIFTQBDFQPSU44*SFDFJWFEUIJTMJDFOTFPOF
ZFBSBGUFSTJHOJOHBZFBSMFBTFXJUIUIF"JS'PSDFUP
QSPWJEFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITFSWJDFTGSPNBBDSFQMPU
PO7"'#QSPQFSUZ5IFMFBTFBMTPJODMVEFEBQBZMPBE
QSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZUIBUXBTPSJHJOBMMZCVJMUGPSUIF4QBDF
4IVUUMFQSPHSBN
7"'#JTUIFPOMZMPDBUJPOJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTXIFSFCPUI
DPNNFSDJBMBOEHPWFSONFOUQPMBSPSCJUJOHTBUFMMJUFTBSF
MBVODIFE5IF1FHBTVT5BVSVT.JOPUBVS"UMBT7BOE
%FMUB*7WFIJDMFTMBVODIQPMBSPSCJUJOHTBUFMMJUFTGSPN7"'#
4QBDF9QMBOTUPMBVODIJUT'BMDPOWFIJDMFGSPN7"'#JO
7"'#BMTPMBVODIFTJOUFSDPOUJOFOUBMCBMMJTUJDNJTTJMFT
5IFCBTFTUBSUFEBTB64"SNZUSBJOJOHDFOUFS$BNQ
$PPLFJOBOEXBTPGmDJBMMZUSBOTGFSSFEUPUIF64"JS
'PSDFJO
‡143‡
SSI
U.S. Air Force
Location
$BMJGPSOJB
2ZQHU2SHUDWRU
$4144*
7"'#64"'
/DXQFK6LWH7\SH
$41'""MJDFOTFE
7"'#'FEFSBMNJMJUBSZ
Year Established
$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU
7"'#
Number of Launch Events
$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU
7"'#
Description
"DUJWFPSCJUBMBOETVCPSCJUBMMBVODI
TJUFBOEIFBERVBSUFSTPGUIF"JS
'PSDFTth4QBDF8JOHUIBU
NBOBHFTUIF8FTUFSO3BOHF4-$
JTBDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITJUFDP
MPDBUFEBU7"'#
.H\)DFLOLWLHV
CSP:
4-$.JOPUBVS
VAFB:
4-$&8%FMUB**
4-$&"UMBT7
4-$8'BMDPO
4-$%FMUB*7
4-$&5BVSVT
NFUFSSVOXBZ
CAPE CANAVERAL SPACEPORT
CECIL FIELD SPACEPORT
4QBDF'MPSJEBNBOBHFTUXPMBVODITJUFT$BQF$BOBWFSBM
4QBDFQPSU$$4
JTDPMPDBUFEBU$BQF$BOBWFSBM"JS'PSDF
4UBUJPO*UBMTPNBOBHFTBIBOHBSBU/"4"T,FOOFEZ4QBDF
$FOUFSGPSTVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU
$'4
JTDPMPDBUFEBU$FDJM"JSQPSUOFBS+BDLTPOWJMMF
4QBDF'MPSJEBVTJOHBHSBOUGSPNUIF4UBUFPG
'MPSJEBJTSFGVSCJTIJOH4-$XIJDIIBTOPUCFFOVTFE
GPSMBVODIFTTJODF5IFTJUFXJMMTVQQPSUMBVODIFTPG
-PDLIFFE.BSUJOTOFX"UIFOB***BOE0SCJUBMT.JOPUBVS
BOE5BVSVT4QBDF'MPSJEBJTBMTPDPOmHVSJOH4-$GPS
TVCPSCJUBMMBVODIFTTJNJMBSUP4-$*O.BZ.BTUFO
4QBDF4ZTUFNTBOE4QBDF'MPSJEBTJHOFEB
DPOUSBDUGPS.BTUFOUPQFSGPSNWFSUJDBMMBVODIFTGSPN
4-$"3FDFOUMZDPNQMFUFEDPOTUSVDUJPOJODMVEFTB
QSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZMBVODIDPOUSPMDFOUFSBOEMBVODIQBE
Space Florida
Location
Florida
2ZQHU2SHUDWRU
4QBDF'MPSJEB
/DXQFK6LWH7\SH
$$4'""MJDFOTFE
$'4'""MJDFOTFE
Year established
$$4
$'4
Number of Orbital Launch Events
$$4
Description
$BQF$BOBWFSBM4QBDFQPSUTVQQPSUT
DPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMBOETVCPSCJUBM
MBVODIFT$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU
TVQQPSUTDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBM
BDUJWJUZ
.H\)DFLOLWLHV
CCS:
#VTJOFTT*ODVCBUPS
4-$
4-$"UIFOB.JOPUBVS
4-$TVCPSCJUBM
&YQMPSBUJPOQBSL
0QFSBUJPO4UPSBHF'BDJMJUZ
3-7)BOHBS
4QBDF-JGF4DJFODFT-BC
4FBQPSU
CFS:
-3NFUFSSVOXBZ
3-NFUFSSVOXBZ
-3NFUFSSVOXBZ
3-NFUFSSVOXBZ
Cecil Field
ort
Spaceport
Cape Canaveral
Spaceport
‡144‡
CAPE CANAVERAL AFS
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER
5PHFUIFSUIF"JS'PSDFT$BQF$BOBWFSBM"JS'PSDF4UBUJPO
$$"'4
BOE/"4"T,FOOFEZ4QBDF$FOUFS,4$
SFQSFTFOUUIFNPTUBDUJWFPSCJUBMMBVODIMPDBUJPOJOUIF
6OJUFE4UBUFT$PNNFSDJBMBOEHPWFSONFOUMBVODIFT
UBLFQMBDFGSPN$$"'4XIJMFIVNBOTQBDFnJHIUNJTTJPOT
NBOBHFECZ/"4"UBLFQMBDFGSPN,4$T-BVODI$PNQMFY
#PUIMBVODITJUFTJODMVEFBMBSHFWBSJFUZPGQBZMPBEBOE
WFIJDMFQSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUJFTIB[BSEPVTNBUFSJBMTTUPSBHF
MJRVJEGVFMJOHTZTUFNTBOEBDDFTTUPSBJMBJSBOETFB
USBOTQPSUBUJPO
,4$JTQSFQBSJOHGBDJMJUJFTGPS/"4"TGPSUIDPNJOH4QBDF
-BVODI4ZTUFNBOE0SJPODSFXFEDBQTVMF*UJTBMTP
XPSLJOHXJUI4QBDF'MPSJEBUPMFBTFGBDJMJUJFTGPSDPNNFSDJBM
VTF
‡145‡
U.S. Air Force
NASA
Location
Florida
2ZQHU2SHUDWRU
$$"'464"'
,4$/"4"
/DXQFK6LWH7\SH
$$"'4'FEFSBMNJMJUBSZ
,4$'FEFSBMDJWJM
Year Established
$$"'4
,4$
Number of Orbital Launch Events
$$"'4
,4$
Description
.BJOPSCJUBMMBVODITJUFGPSUIF6OJUFE
4UBUFTTJODF)FBERVBSUFSTPG
UIF"JS'PSDFTth4QBDF8JOHUIBU
NBOBHFTUIF&BTUFSO3BOHFXJUI
TVQQPSUGSPN/"4"8'',4$IBT
CFFOUIFDFOUFSPG/"4"TIVNBO
TQBDFnJHIUBDUJWJUZTJODFUIFNJE
T
.H\)DFLOLWLHV
CCAFS
4-$%FMUB*7
4-$'BMDPO
4-$"UMBT7
NFUFSTLJETUSJQ
4FBQPSU
KSC:
-$"
-$#
NFUFSSVOXBZ
4FBQPSU
KODIAK LAUNCH COMPLEX
,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFY,-$
JTUIFmSTU'""MJDFOTFE
MBVODITJUFOPUDPMPDBUFEPOBGFEFSBMMZDPOUSPMMFEMBVODI
TJUF,PEJBLIBTPOFMBVODIQBE-1
UIBUDBOMBVODI
JOUFSNFEJBUFDMBTTQBZMPBETUP-&0PSQPMBSPSCJUT5IF
DPNQMFYBMTPIBTBTVCPSCJUBMMBVODIQBE-1
GPSNJTTJMF
UFTUJOH
*O-PDLIFFE.BSUJOBOOPVODFEUIFSFWJWBMPGUIF
"UIFOBMBVODIWFIJDMFGBNJMZBOEIJHIMJHIUFE,-$BTB
MBVODITJUFGPSUIFWFIJDMFT%FWFMPQNFOUPGBOFXMBVODI
QBEGPSUIF"UIFOB***CFHBOJO*O0DUPCFS
UIF'""BXBSEFEUPUIF"MBTLB"FSPTQBDF
$PSQPSBUJPOBTQBSUPGUIF4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO
*OGSBTUSVDUVSF.BUDIJOH45*.
(SBOUT1SPHSBNGPS
DPOTUSVDUJPOPGBSPDLFUNPUPSTUPSBHFGBDJMJUZ
‡146‡
Alaska Aerospace
Corporation
Location
"MBTLB
2ZQHU2SHUDWRU
"MBTLB"FSPTQBDF$PSQPSBUJPO
/DXQFK6LWH7\SH
'""MJDFOTFE
Year Established
Number of Orbital Launch Events
Description
,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFYXBTUIF
mSTUDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITJUFMPDBUFE
PVUTJEFBGFEFSBMGBDJMJUZ-BVODI
TJUFGPSNJMJUBSZHPWFSONFOUBOE
DPNNFSDJBMUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT
SFNPUFTFOTJOHBOETQBDFTDJFODF
QBZMPBET
.H\)DFLOLWLHV
-1"UIFOB
-1NJTTJMFUFTUJOH
$POUSPMBOENBOBHFNFOUDFOUFS
1BZMPBEQSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZ
4QBDFDSBGUUSBOTGFSGBDJMJUZ
4PMJENPUPSTUPSBHF
MID-ATLANTIC REGIONAL SPACEPORT
WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY
5IF7JSHJOJB$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF'MJHIU"VUIPSJUZ7$4'"
XBT
DSFBUFEJO7$4'"CFHBOJUTMFBTFBU8BMMPQT*TMBOE
JOBOEFYQBOEFEUIF.JE"UMBOUJD3FHJPOBM4QBDFQPSU
."34
GBDJMJUJFTUPJUTQSFTFOUTUBUFXJUIUXPMBVODIGBDJMJUJFT
POFNJEDMBTTBOEPOFTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIGBDJMJUZ
5ISPVHI
BHSFFNFOUTXJUI/"4"7$4'"BMTPBEEFEBDDFTTUP
TVQQPSUJOGSBTUSVDUVSFGBDJMJUJFTTVDIBTWFIJDMFBOEQBZMPBE
QSPDFTTJOHJOUFHSBUJPOGBDJMJUJFTBOEJOTUSVNFOUBUJPOBOE
FNFSHFODZGBDJMJUJFT*O7$4'"SFDFJWFEBO'""
4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO*OGSBTUSVDUVSF(SBOUGPS
TFDVSJUZBOESFNPUFNPOJUPSJOHJNQSPWFNFOUTBU."34
/"4"T8''JTUIFQSJNBSZQSPWJEFSPG/"4"TTDJFODF
TVCPSCJUBMBOETNBMMPSCJUBMnJHIUQSPHSBNT"OOVBMMZ8''
DPOEVDUTBQQSPYJNBUFMZTPVOEJOHSPDLFUNJTTJPOTGSPN
UIJTBOEPUIFSTJUFTXPSMEXJEF*UBMTPDPOEVDUTBCPVU
CBMMPPONJTTJPOTQFSZFBSBOETFWFSBMIVOESFEIPVSTPG
QJMPUFEBOEVOQJMPUFEBJSDSBGUNJTTJPOT8''BMTPNBOBHFT
UIF8BMMPQT3FTFBSDI3BOHF833
DPOTJTUJOHPGUIF
MBVODISBOHFNPCJMFSBOHFBOESFTFBSDIBJSQPSU
833IBTDPOEVDUFENPSFUIBOMBVODIFTPWFSJUT
ZFBSIJTUPSZBOEBOOVBMMZTVQQPSUTBQQSPYJNBUFMZ
TVCPSCJUBMMBVODIFT
‡147‡
VCSFA
NASA
Location
7JSHJOJB
2ZQHU2SHUDWRU
."347$4'"
8''/"4"
/DXQFKVLWHW\SH
."34'""MJDFOTFE
8'''FEFSBMDJWJM
Year established
."34
8''
Number of orbital launch events
."34
8''
Description
8''JTBGFEFSBMMZGVOEFESFTFBSDI
EFWFMPQNFOUBOEUFTUJOHGBDJMJUZ
TVQQPSUJOHWFSUJDBMMBVODIBOE
BJSDSBGUCBTFEMBVODIFT."34JTB
DPNNFSDJBMTQBDFQPSUDPMPDBUFE
BU8''TVQQPSUJOHWFSUJDBMBOE
IPSJ[POUBMTQBDFMBVODIBDUJWJUJFT
.H\IDFLOLWLHV
MARS
1BE"
1BE#
WFF
5ISFFMBVODIQBET
5XPMBVODIFST
3VOXBZGPSVONBOOFEBFSJBMTZTUFNT
BTTFNCMZBOEQSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUJFT
4PMJENPUPSTUPSBHF
-JRVJEGVFMJOHGBDJMJUJFT
MOJAVE AIR AND SPACE PORT
5IF.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF1PSUJTBOBFSPTQBDFUFTUDFOUFS
BOETQBDFQPSUPQFSBUFECZUIF&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU%JTUSJDUJO
UIF.PKBWF%FTFSU)JHIQFSGPSNBODFBJSDSBGUXFSFUFTUFEBU
&EXBSET"JS'PSDF#BTFJOUIF.PKBWFEFTFSU
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2012 Launch Manifest
2012 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH EVENTS
Date
Vehicle
+BO
Site
-POH.BSDI# 5BJZVBO
Manufacturer
Use
Comm'l
Price
L
Payload(s)
Orbit
Operator
M
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440
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2012 Launch Manifest
Date
"VH
"VH
=
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Vehicle
Site
Payload(s)
Orbit
Operator
Manufacturer
Use
4PZV[
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Alliance Atlas V 551 launched the MUOS 1
communications satellite into GEO.
Image credit: Lockheed Martin