February 2009 Curriculum Vitae JANA M. MOSSEY, PH.D., M.P.H., M.S.N. Business Address: Drexel University School of Public Health 1505 Race Street Mail Stop 1033 Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 762-8245 Education: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA Area of Study: Adult Mental Health Nursing Degree Received: Master of Science in Nursing, 1993 School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Area of Study: Epidemiology Degree Received: Doctor of Philosophy, 1976 Thesis title: The effects of patient labeling in hypertension School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Area of Study: Epidemiology Degree Received: Master of Public Health, 1972 Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York Area of Study: Nursing Degree Received: Bachelor of Science, 1967 Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts Area of Study: Religion - Political Science Degree Received: Bachelor of Arts, 1965 Postgraduate Training: 1980 - 1981 Post Doctoral Fellow Yale University Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Area of Study: Psychosocial Epidemiology Current Employment 2003-Present Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (Formerly, School of Public Health, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA Clinical Experience - Psychiatry: 1 1989 - 1993 University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Master's of Nursing, Approved Clinical Training in Psychiatric Nursing: Philadelphia Geriatric Center - Individual Psychotherapy with Geriatric Patients Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Pennsylvania at EPPI - Intake Evaluations, Family and Individual Therapy 1992 - 1993 Group Psychotherapy as Co-therapist of Eugene M. Abroms, M.D., 216 Glenn Road, Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 19003 1990 - 1995 Principal Investigator or Research and Clinical Director of the Treatment Program, Interpersonal Counseling for Depression that was delivered during the NIH funded research project: "Nurse Intervention with Medically Ill Elderly". 1993 - 1997 Medical College of Pennsylvania at EPPI, Outpatient Individual Psychotherapy Professional Memberships: American College of Epidemiology Society for Epidemiological Research American Public Health Association Gerontological Society of America American Academy of Pain Medicine Research Experience/ Grant Support Principal Investigator: Funding Agency: National Institute of Aging: Quality of Life, Health, and Valuation of Life by Elders: 2001 – 2004. (Annual project award $350,000) The purpose of this longitudinal study of older individuals is to investigate the factors that affect an individual’s quality of life in his or her later years. Dr. Mossey was asked to assume the role of Principal Investigator after the death of Dr. Powell Lawton, the initial investigator. During the remaining years of the study, the surviving members of the initial cohort of 600 persons will be interviewed for the fourth time. This will permit evaluation of changes in health states, attitudes, and life quality over a 6 year period. Principal Investigator, Quantitative Studies: Funding Agency: National Institute of Aging, U.S.D.H.H.S. "The Meaning of Self-Rated Health," 19972003. (@250,000 direct costs through 7/02). This study is conducted with Dr. Mark Luborsky, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan. This longitudinal study of community-dwelling elderly aims to identify the meanings individuals ascribe to their self-rated health, the factors that lead to change in self-rated health, and the consequences of such change. Since the publication in 1982 of the paper by Mossey and Shapiro showing a strong, independent relationship between risk of dying and self-rated health, many investigators have studied the importance of self-rated health for mortality, 2 morbidity and use of health services. While the studies consistently confirm the initial findings of Mossey and Shapiro, no comprehensive study has been conducted to identify the meanings individuals ascribe to their self-rated health. This proposed research is the first of its kind. Quantitative and qualitative research methods will be used. Collaborating Investigator: Aging in Manitoba Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Research Initiatives I & II, 1998 – Present. This research program, supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Health and Welfare Canada, is a 30 year extension of a panel study of the health needs of Manitobans begun in 1971. This initial 1971 survey was one component of the Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging research program on which I was a Co-Principal Investigator with Dr. Nora Lou P. Roos and Ms. Betty Havens. In !971, we received funding from Health and Welfare Canada to merge the 1971 survey data with the Manitoba Health Services Commission health care claims data for the years 1971 – 1978. This initial grant has been extended to include the year 2001 and additional cohorts have been added to the initial sample in 1976, 1983, 1990, 1996 and, again in 2001. Co-investigator/Epidemiologist, Funding Agency: Janssen Pharmaceutica : “Uniform Outcomes Measures Research Initiative: Project Phases II and III,” 1999 – 2001. Principal Investigator: Dr. Rollin M. Gallagher The purposes of this research are: 1) to evaluate existing Uniform Outcomes Research undertaken by the American Academy of Pain Medicine; 2) to develop a more comprehensive and user-friendly data collection tool and analytic strategy for clinicians who have been treating pain patients; 3) to reestablish a clinical practice network of pain medicine physicians who agree to capture data from consecutive pain patients seen in their practices; 4) to develop and conduct rigorous observational evaluations of the data, aggregated across all participating physician practices, to develop evidence based guidelines for clinical practice of pain patients. Principal Investigator, Funding Agency: National Institute on Aging, U.S.D.H.H.S. "Cost of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly," 1993-1997. Awarded: $660,432 (direct costs). This 24-month longitudinal study of elderly residents of continuing care retirement communities seeks to identify the costs (financial, psychosocial, functional) of depression and to investigate the course of depression over time. Two hundred and twenty-nine individuals have been enrolled; half of these individuals have elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Assessments take place at 6 month intervals. Principal Investigator, Funding Agency: National Center for Nursing Research, U.S.D.H.H.S., "Nurse Intervention with Medically Ill Elderly," 19901995. 3 Awarded: $676,615 (direct costs). This randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a short-term interpersonal therapy for medically ill elderly who have a subthreshold depression. This is the randomized clinical trial addressing subthreshold in older individuals. Individuals were randomized to special care (the short-term interpersonal therapy delivered by nurse psychiatric clinical specialists) or to usual care. Individuals were followed for 12 months. Analyses showed the intervention to be feasible, acceptable and efficacious in terms of depressive symptom reduction. Principal Investigator, Funding Agency, National Institute on Aging, U.S.D.H.H.S., "Determinants of Recovery Among Older Women," 1984-1989. Awarded: over $600,000 (direct costs) This longitudinal study aimed to identify the medical, functional and psychosocial determinants of recovery from hip fracture in older, Caucasian women who had been ambulatory and community dwelling prior to hip fracture. This was the first large longitudinal and comprehensive study of older community dwelling, ambulatory and cognitively intact women that sought to identify both psychosocial and biomedical determinants of hip fracture recovery. Two hundred and nineteen women were enrolled shortly following a surgical repair of their hip fracture in one of 17 hospitals in the Philadelphia area. They were followed for 12 months with assessments at baseline, 2, 6 and 12 months after hip fracture. Factors identified as predicting recovery included: age, prefracture physical function, and depressive symptoms. Individuals with depressive symptoms that persisted over the 12 month follow-up were seen to be 9 times less likely to recover by 12 months than others of the same age and prefracture physical function. Committees and Administrative Service Since 2000: Institutional: Chairperson, Search Committee, Chair Department of Health Policy and Management, Drexel University School of Public Health, 2008-2009. Member, Research Review Committee, Intramural Research Grant Program, Drexel University, 2005 – Present. Member, Research Evaluator Committee, University Annual Research Day Poster Session, 2004 – Present Chairperson, Appointments and Promotion Committee, Drexel University School of Public Health 2000 – Present Chairperson, Tenure Committee, Drexel University School of Public Health, 2004 – Present. Member, Committee for Faculty Affairs, Faculty Senate, Drexel University, 2005Present Chairperson, Appointment, Promotion, and Tenure Committee, Drexel University 4 School of Public Health, Philadelphia PA. 2005 – Present Member: Institutional Review Committee, Drexel University, 2003 – present Extra Institutional: Member: Scientific Advisory Committee, Treatment of Depression in Home Care Populations. Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University School of Medicine: Research funded by National Institute of Mental Health: 2001- 2004 Member: Scientific Advisory Committee: Uniform Outcomes Measure Project: American Academy of Pain Medicine: 1998- 2003 Reviewer: The Gerontologist, 2000 – Present Reviewer, Psychology and Aging, 2004 - Present Reviewer: Medical Care, 1999 – Present Reviewer: Clinical Journal of Pain: 1998-present Member, Editorial Board; Aging Section, Pain Medicine, 1999 - present Reviewer: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1999 - Present Teaching Experience/ Courses Taught: Since 2000 Course Director, Applied Survey Research for Epidemiology, Drexel University School of Public Health, Required Course Epidemiology Majors; 2006 – Present Course Co-Director: Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Nursing, 2004 - Present Course Director: Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Drexel University School of Public Health, 2006 Course Director, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Drexel University School of Public Health, 2009. Course Director: Epidemiology for Nursing Practice, Drexel University School of Nursing and Health Professions, 2006 - Present Course Director, Intermediate Epidemiology, Drexel University School of Public Health, 2004-2006 Course Director and Principal Faculty, Epidemiology Concentration Program, MCP Hahnemann University School of Public Health. 1998- 2004t Course Director and Principal Faculty, Epidemiology, MD/MPH Program Years 1 and 2, MCP Hahnemann University, 1998 – 2004 Faculty Supervisor: Post-Doctoral Fellows: 2 Doctoral Students: 3 Master of Public Health Students: 35 5 Selected Publications Articles: H.G. Stiver, G.O. Telford, J.M. Mossey, et al. Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy at Home. Annals of Internal Medicine, 89:690-694, 1978. K. Liu, J.M. Mossey. The Role of Payment Sources in Differentiating Nursing Home Residents, Services and Payments. Health Care Financing Review, 2:51-62, Summer 1980. J.M. Mossey. The Psychosocial Consequences of Labeling in Hypertension. Journal of Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 4:201-207, 1981. J.M. Mossey, et al. The Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging: Description and Methods. The Gerontologist, 21:551-558, 1981. J.M. Mossey, E. Shapiro. Self Rated Health: A Predictor of Mortality Among the Elderly. American Journal of Public Health, 72:800-808, 1982. J.M. Mossey, E. Shapiro. Physician use by the Elderly over an 8 Year Period. American Journal of Public Health, 75:1333-1334, 1985. J.M. Mossey, L.L. Roos. Using Claims to Measure Health Status: The Illness Scale, Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40:495-502, 1987. N.P. Roos, L.L. Roos, J.M. Mossey, B. Havens. Using administrative data to predict important health outcomes. Entry to Hospital Nursing Home and Death. Medical Care, 26:221-239, 1988. J.M. Mossey, E. Mutran, K. Knott, R. Craik. Determinants of Recovery 12 Months After Hip Fracture: The Importance of Psychosocial Factors. American Journal of Public Health, 79:279-286, 1989. J.M. Mossey, K. Knott, R. Craik. The Effects of Persistent Depressive Symptoms on Hip Fracture Recovery. Journal Gerontology, Medical Sciences, 45:M163-M168, 1990. E. Abrutyn, J.M. Mossey, M. Levison, J. Boscia, D. Kaye. Epidemiology of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Elderly Women. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 39:388-393, 1991. E. Abrutyn, J.M. Mossey, J. Berlin, J. Boscia, M. Levinson, P. Pitsakis, D. Kaye. Asymptomatic Bacteruria Does Not Predict Survival in Elderly Ambulatory Women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 120:827-833, 1994. E. Mutran, D.C. Reitzes, J.M. Mossey, M.E. Fernandez. Social Support, Depression and Recovery of Walking Ability Following Hip Fracture Surgery. Journal of Gerontology: Social Services, 50B:S354-361, 1995. J.M. Mossey, K.A. Knott, M. Higgins, K. Talerico. Effectiveness of a 6 Psychosocial Intervention, Interpersonal Counseling for Subdysthymic Depression in Medically Ill Elderly. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences. 51A:M172-M178, 1996. B.D. Lebowitz, J. Pearson, L. Schneider, C. Reynolds, G. Alexopoulous, M.Bruce, Y. B. Meyers, M. Morrison, J. Mossey, G. Niederehe, P. Parmelee. Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life: Concensus Statement Update. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278: 1186-1190, 1997. R.M. Gallagher, S. Verma, J.M. Mossey, Chronic pain: Sources of late-life pain and risk factors for disability (Review article) Geriatrics, 55 (9): 40-44, 2000. J.M. Mossey, R.M. Gallagher, F. Tirumalasetti. Evaluations of the effects of pain and depression on the physical functioning of continuing care retirement community residents: Implications for the treatment of the older pain patient. Pain Medicine. Vol 1: 4; 2000. Mossey JM, Gallagher RG. The Longitudinal Occurrence and Impact of Co-morbid Chronic Pain and Chronic Depression over Two Years in Continuing Care Retirement Community Residents. Pain Medicine. 5 (4):335-348, 2004. Mossey, JM, Sub-Threshold Depression. Advance for Nursing, 7:37-39, 2005. Mossey JM, Gallagher, RM, Kerr, NDS, Welz-Bosna MP. .Preliminary Evaluation of the Health Background Questionnaire for Pain and Clinical Encounter Form for Pain. Pain Medicine. 6:443-451. 2005. Moss MS. Hoffman CJ. Mossey J. Rovine M. Changes over 4 years in health, quality Of life, mental health, and valuation of life. Journal of Aging & Health. 19(6):102544; 2007 Dec. Rosso AL. Gallagher RM. Luborsky M. Mossey JM. Depression and self-rated health are proximal predictors of episodes of sustained change in pain in independently living, community dwelling elders. [Journal Article] Pain Medicine. 9(8):1035-49, 2008 Nov. Ambroggio, L, Lorch, SA, Mohamad, Z, Mossey, J Shah, SS..Congenital anomalies and resource utilization in neonates infected with herpes simplex virus. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. In Press 2009. Book Chapters: J.M. Mossey. Social and Psychological Factors Related to Falls Among the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1:541-553, 1985. J.M. Mossey, B.J. Havens, F. Wolinsky. Consistency of Formal Health Care Utilization. In Aging and Health Care: Social Science and Policy Perspectives. (eds) M. G. Ory & K. Bond, Tavistock Publications LTD, London, 1989. J.M. Mossey. Linking Records in Manitoba, Proceedings of the 1987 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics, National Center for Health 7 Statistics, 298-302, 1987. J.M. Mossey. Issues Related to Selection and Recruitment. In Reducing Frailty and Fall Related Injuries (eds) M.G. Ory, Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, 1991. J.M. Mossey, The Relationships Between Self-Perceptions and Health Status Indicators. In M. Gatz (ed.) Emerging Issues in Mental Health and Aging, American Psychological Association, 1995. J.M. Mossey, Depression Among the Medically Ill Elderly: Results from Three Research Studies with Special Emphasis on Subdysthymic Depression. In B. Rubenstein and M.P. Lawton (eds.) Shades of Gray: Depression Among the Old and Frail. Springer Publishing, 1997. Gallagher RJ, Mossey JM.Outcomes Research in Older Adults with Pain: Status and Future. In: Carr , Wittink H. Evidence, Outcomes and Quality of Life in Pain Treatment: A handbook. New York, Elsevier, 2008. Abstracts: (Peer Reviewed) J.M. Mossey. Psychosocial and Behavioral Consequences of Involvement in a Program of Blood Pressure Reduction. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 101, October, 1975. J.M. Mossey. Psychosocial Consequences of Blood Pressure Intervention: Findings after Six Months. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 102, 1976. J.M. Mossey, E. Mutran, E. Shapiro, K. Andrews. Determinants of Consistency and Level of Physician Use by the Elderly Over an 8 Year Period. The Gerontologist, Vol. 24;89, 1984. J.M. Mossey, E. Mutran, K.A. Knott. Determinants of Recovery: The Hip Fracture Patient. The Gerontologist, Vol. 25;105, 1985. E. Mutran, J.M. Mossey. Social Support's Influence in Defining the Recovery Process. The Gerontologist, Vol. 27;17A, 1987. K.A. Knott, J.M. Mossey, I.R. Katz, D. Libon. Reliability of the Mini-Mental Examination in the Nursing Home Setting. The Gerontologist, Vol. 28;8A, 1988. J.M. Mossey. Depressive Symptomatology in Older Females Following Hip Fracture. The Gerontologist, Vol. 28;284A, 1988. K. Kennedy, L. Gottesman, E. Peskin, J.M. Mossey. Psychoactive Drug Use with Medically Ill Elderly Residents of Residential Care Facilities. The Gerontologist, Vol. 30;32A, 1990. L. Gottesman, E. Peskin, K. Kennedy, J.M. Mossey. Implications of a Mental Health Intervention for Elderly Medically Ill Residents of RCFS. The Gerontologist, Vol. 30;148A, 1990. 8 I.R. Katz, J.M. Mossey, L. Muenz, K.A. Knott, S. Doyle. Diagnosis of Delirium Assessment of State or Change. The Gerontologist, Vol. 30;155A, 1990. J.M. Mossey, K.A. Knott, I.R. Katz. Treatment of Subsyndromal Depressive Symptoms in Hospitalized Medically Ill Elderly. The Gerontologist, Vol. 32;275, 1992. K.A. Knott, J.M. Mossey. Case Identification Strategies for Subsyndromal Depression in Hospitalized Elderly Patients. The Gerontologist, Vol. 32;9, 1992. M.E. Fernandez, E. Mutran, D.C. Reitzes, J.M. Mossey. The Role of Social Support and Depression in Recovery From Hips Fracture. The Gerontologist, Vol. 33;112, 1993. J.M. Mossey. Subsyndromal Depression in the Hospitalized Elderly: A Typical Reaction to Being Sick and Hospitalized or a Manifestation of a Preexisting Condition. The Gerontologist, Vol. 34;237, 1994. J.M. Mossey. Is Self-Rated Health Sufficiently Stable to be Used as a Clinical Indicator? The Gerontologist, Vol. 35;112, 1995. J.M. Mossey. Does the Relationship Between Depression and Poor Physical Function Reflect Reality or Reporting Bias? The Gerontologist, Vol. 36:280, 1996. J.M. Mossey. Subsyndromal Depression in Retirement Community Residents: Natural Course Over 24 Months. The Gerontologist, Vol. 37;89, 1997. J.M. Mossey, R.M. Gallagher, S. Verma. Longitudinal co-morbidity between pain and depression in elderly persons living in a life care retirement community. Proceedings Annual Meeting of the American Pain Society. November 1998. R.M. Gallagher, J.M. Mossey, S. Verma. Pain complaints in the elderly: Association with mood, physical functioning, and health care utilization. Proceedings Annual Meeting of the American Pain Society, November 1998. J.M. Mossey. Course and Consequences of Subthreshold Depression in the Elderly. American Journal of Public Health, October 1998. J.M. Mossey, Issues in the study and understanding of recovery: The definition and measurement of outcomes in studies of recovery. The Gerontologist, Vol.100, 1999. C.K. McMullen, M. Luborsky, J.M. Mossey. Specifying the meanings of selfrated health: Refining health measures using cognitive and anthropological methods.The Gerontologist. Vol 100, 1999. J.M. Mossey, R.M. Gallagher, Co morbid chronic pain and depression in the elderly: A poorly recognized and managed medical/public health problem. 9 The Gerontologist. Vol. 101, 2000. S.H. Mody, A.Y. Hsu, S.L.Dodd, J.M. Mossey, R.M. Gallagher. The impact of depression on health resource utilization for chronic non-malignant pain patients. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Pain Medicine, February 2000. R.M. Gallagher, L. Moree, S. Mody, A. Hsu, S. Dodd, J. Mossey. Quality of life (SF-36) for patients with lower back pain diagnoses associated with chronic pain. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Pain Medicine. February 2000. J.M. Mossey, R. M. Gallagher, S. Verma. Pain experience over 2 years among older, independently living, retirement community residents. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meetings of the Academy of Pain Medicine. February 2000. S.L. Dodd, C. Kosma, J.M. Mossey, S.H. Mody, R.M. Gallagher, L. Moree. Quality of file (SF-36) in chronic pain sufferers 75 years of age and older: The impact of age and chronic pain in a clinical setting. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meetings of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. R.M. Gallagher, J.M. Mossey, S.L. Dodd, L.Moree, AM Zesti. Obtaining Uniformity of Outcome Measurement in Pain Management: Methodological and technical challenges and strategies. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meetings of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. February 2000. R. M. Gallagher, J.M. Mossey. Impact of co-morbid depression on selfreported back pain and physical and emotional functioning in low back pain patients. Proceedings of the International Society of Pain Medicine. June 2000. R.A. Kresky, J.M. Mossey., M.R. Luborsky, C.K. McMullen, A.E. Bunce. Assessing low recruitment yield. The Gerontologist. Vol. 101, 2000. M.R. Luborsky, C.K. McMullen, A.E. Bunce, J.M. Mossey. Patterns of stability and change in the meanings of self-rated health over a one-year period: Discourse analyses. The Gerontologist. Vol 101, 2000. J.M. Mossey, R.M. Gallagher. Co-morbid chronic pain and depression in the elderly: A poorly recognized and managed medical/public health problem. The Gerontologist. Vol 101, 2000. R.M. Gallagher, J.M. Mossey. Elders with chronic pain: Their pain, its care, and the primary care and pain medicine community rehabilitation model. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meetings of the American Academy of Pain Medicine, February 2002. J.M. Mossey, R.M. Gallagher. Co-morbid Pain and Depression: A significant Public Health Problem in Older Individuals, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, Philadelphia, 2002. 10 J.M. Mossey, M. S. Moss. Sub-threshold Depression in the Elderly: An Important Public Health Problem. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, Philadelphia, 2002. C. Hoffman, M. Moss, J. Mossey, M. Kleban. Daily Activity and Quality of Life. The Gerontologist. 42: 59, 2002. M. Moss, C. Hoffman, J. Mossey. Depression and Years of Desired Life. The Gerontologist. 42: 64, 2002. M. Luborsky, J. Mossey, A. Bunce, M. Coll, C McMullen. Meanings of Selfrated Health in a Randomized Medicare Beneficiary Sample: Answers & More Questions. The Gerontologist, 42: 7, 2002. M. Moss, C. Hoffman, J. Mossey. Quality of Last Year of Life of a Community Sample. The Gerontologist. 44: 133, 2004. C. Hoffman, M. Moss, J. Mossey. Time Use and Time Quality: A Comparison of Elders Living Alone and Those Living with Others. The Gerontologist. 44: 138, 2004. J. Mossey, C. Hoffman, M. Moss. Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Years of Desired Life Under Varying Hypothetical Health States. The Gerontologist. 44: 260, 2004. J. Mossey. What Do We Know About Minority Elders with Pain? . The Gerontologist. 44: 558, 2004. J. Mossey, Depressive Symptoms, Years Desired Life, and Self-Rated Health: Mortality Risk Factors Among Community Dwelling Elders. The Gerontologist. 45: 241, 2005. J Mossey Sub-threshold and minor depression Risk factors for decline in health among community dwelling elderly. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006. J. Mossey, R. Gallagher. Longitudinal Patterns of Pain in Community Dwelling Elders. Pain Medicine , 2007. J Mossey, A Rosso, R Gallagher “Depression and Self-Rated Health are Proximal Predictors of Episodes of Sustained Change in Pain in Independently Living, Community Dwelling Elders” ,. Pain Medicine, 2008. J. Mossey, R. Gallagher. Longitudinal Pain Experience of a Nationally Representative Sample of the U.S. Population 18 Years and Older: The Importance of Major Depression, Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Pain Medicine, 2009. C Estes, J Mossey. Pain Disparities: Comparisons Between Black and White Elders. Pain Medicine, 2009. 11