Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Volume 2010, Article ID 728028, 43 pages
doi:10.1155/2010/728028
Research Article
Strong Convergence for Generalized Equilibrium
Problems, Fixed Point Problems and Relaxed
Cocoercive Variational Inequalities
Chaichana Jaiboon1, 2 and Poom Kumam1
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,
KMUTT, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology,
Rattanakosin, RMUTR, Bangkok 10100, Thailand
Correspondence should be addressed to Poom Kumam, poom.kum@kmutt.ac.th
Received 31 October 2009; Accepted 1 February 2010
Academic Editor: Jong Kim
Copyright q 2010 C. Jaiboon and P. Kumam. This is an open access article distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We introduce a new iterative scheme for finding the common element of the set of solutions of the
generalized equilibrium problems, the set of fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive
mappings, and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problems for a relaxed u, vcocoercive and ξ-Lipschitz continuous mapping in a real Hilbert space. Then, we prove the strong
convergence of a common element of the above three sets under some suitable conditions. Our
result can be considered as an improvement and refinement of the previously known results.
1. Introduction
Variational inequalities introduced by Stampacchia 1 in the early sixties have had a great
impact and influence in the development of almost all branches of pure and applied sciences.
It is well known that the variational inequalities are equivalent to the fixed point problems.
This alternative equivalent formulation has been used to suggest and analyze in variational
inequalities. In particular, the solution of the variational inequalities can be computed using
the iterative projection methods. It is well known that the convergence of a projection method
requires the operator to be strongly monotone and Lipschitz continuous. Gabay 2 has
shown that the convergence of a projection method can be proved for cocoercive operators.
Note that cocoercivity is a weaker condition than strong monotonicity.
Equilibrium problem theory provides a novel and unified treatment of a wide class of
problems which arise in economics, finance, image reconstruction, ecology, transportation,
network, elasticity, and optimization which has been extended and generalized in many
directions using novel and innovative technique; see 3, 4. Related to the equilibrium
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problems, we also have the problem of finding the fixed points of the nonexpansive
mappings. It is natural to construct a unified approach for these problems. In this direction,
several authors have introduced some iterative schemes for finding a common element of
a set of the solutions of the equilibrium problems and a set of the fixed points of infinitely
finitely many nonexpansive mappings; see 5–7 and the references therein. In this paper,
we suggest and analyze a new iterative method for finding a common element of a set of the
solutions of generalized equilibrium problems and a set of fixed points of an infinite family
of nonexpansive mappings and the set solution of the variational inequality problems for a
relaxed u, v-cocoercive mapping in a real Hilbert space.
Let H be a real Hilbert space and let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of H and
PE is the metric projection of H onto E. Recall that a mapping f : E → E is contraction on E if
there exists a constant α ∈ 0, 1 such that fx − fy ≤ αx − y for all x, y ∈ E. A mapping
S of E into itself is called nonexpansive if Sx − Sy ≤ x − y for all x, y ∈ E. We denote
by FS the set of fixed points of S, that is, FS {x ∈ E : Sx x}. If E ⊂ H is nonempty,
bounded, closed, and convex and S is a nonexpansive mapping of E into itself, then FS is
nonempty; see, for example, 8. We recalled some definitions as follows.
Definition 1.1. Let B : E → H be a mapping. Then one has the following.
1 B is called monotone if Bx − By, x − y ≥ 0, for all x, y ∈ E.
2 B is called v-strongly monotone if there exists a positive real number v such that
2
Bx − By, x − y ≥ vx − y ,
∀x, y ∈ E.
1.1
3 B is called ξ-Lipschitz continuous if there exists a positive real number ξ such that
Bx − By ≤ ξx − y,
∀x, y ∈ E.
1.2
4 B is called η-inverse-strongly monotone, 9, 10 if there exists a positive real number
η such that
2
Bx − By, x − y ≥ ηBx − By ,
∀x, y ∈ E.
1.3
If η 1, we say that B is firmly nonexpansive. It is obvious that any η-inversestrongly monotone mapping B is monotone and 1/η-Lipschitz continuous.
5 B is called relaxed u, v-cocoercive if there exists a positive real number u, v such that
2
2
Bx − By, x − y ≥ −uBx − By vx − y ,
∀x, y ∈ E.
1.4
For u 0, B is v-strongly monotone. This class of maps is more general than
the class of strongly monotone maps. It is easy to see that we have the following
implication: v-strongly monotonicity ⇒ relaxed u, v-cocoercivity.
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3
6 A set-valued mapping T : H → 2H is called monotone if for all x, y ∈ H, f ∈ T x and
g ∈ T y imply x − y, f − g ≥ 0. A monotone mapping T : H → 2H is maximal if the
graph of GT of T is not properly contained in the graph of any other monotone
mapping. It is known that a monotone mapping T is maximal if and only if for
x, f ∈ H × H, x − y, f − g ≥ 0 for every y, g ∈ GT implies f ∈ T x.
Let B be a monotone mapping of E into H and let NE w1 be the normal cone to E at
w1 ∈ E, that is,
NE w1 {w ∈ H : ϑ − w1 , w ≥ 0, ∀ϑ ∈ E}.
1.5
Define
T w1 ⎧
⎨Bw1 NE w1 ,
if w1 ∈ E,
⎩∅,
∈ E.
if w1 /
1.6
Then T is the maximal monotone and 0 ∈ T w1 if and only if w1 ∈ VIE, B; see 11, 12
In addition, let D : E → H be a inverse-strongly monotone mapping. Let F be a
bifunction of E × E into R, where R is the set of real numbers. The generalized equilibrium
problem for F : E × E → R is to find x ∈ E such that
F x, y Dx, y − x ≥ 0,
∀y ∈ E.
1.7
The set of such x ∈ E is denoted by EPF, D, that is,
EPF, D x ∈ E : F x, y Dx, y − x ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ E .
1.8
Special Cases
I If D ≡ 0 :the zero mapping, then the problem 1.7 is reduced to the equilibrium problem:
Find x ∈ E such that F x, y ≥ 0,
∀y ∈ E.
1.9
The set of solutions of 1.9 is denoted by EPF, that is,
EPF x ∈ E : F x, y ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ E .
1.10
II If F ≡ 0, the problem 1.7 is reduced to the variational inequality problem:
Find x ∈ E such that Dx, y − x ≥ 0,
∀y ∈ E.
1.11
The set of solutions of 1.11 is denoted by VIE, D, that is,
VIE, D x ∈ E : Dx, y − x ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ E .
1.12
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The generalized equilibrium problem 1.7 is very general in the sense that it includes,
as special case, some optimization, variational inequalities, minimax problems, the Nash
equilibrium problem in noncooperative games, economics, and others see, e.g., 4, 13.
Some methods have been proposed to solve the equilibrium problem and the generalized
equilibrium problem; see, for instance, 5, 14–28. Recently, Combettes and Hirstoaga 29
introduced an iterative scheme of finding the best approximation to the initial data when
EPF is nonempty and proved a strong convergence theorem. Very recently, Moudafi 24
introduced an itertive method for finding an element of EPF, D ∩ FS, where D : E → H
is an inverse-strongly monotone mapping and then proved a weak convergence theorem.
For finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping
and the set of solutions of variational inequality problem for an η-inverse-strongly monotone,
Takahashi and Toyoda 30 introduced the following iterative scheme:
x0 ∈ E chosen arbitrary,
xn1 αn xn 1 − αn SPE xn − τn Bxn ,
∀n ≥ 0,
1.13
where B is an η-inverse-strongly monotone mapping, {αn } is a sequence in 0, 1, and {τn }
is a sequence in 0, 2η. They showed that if FS ∩ VIE, B is nonempty, then the sequence
{xn } generated by 1.13 converges weakly to some z ∈ FS ∩ VIE, B. On the other hand,
Shang et al. 31 introduced a new iterative process for finding a common element of the set of
fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of the variational inequality
problem for a relaxed u, v-cocoercive mapping in a real Hilbert space. Let S : E → E
be a nonexpansive mapping. Starting with arbitrary initial x1 ∈ E, defined sequences {xn }
recursively by
xn1 αn fxn βn xn γn SPE I − τn Bxn ,
∀n ≥ 1.
1.14
They proved that under certain appropriate conditions imposed on {αn }, {βn }, {γn }, and {τn },
the sequence {xn } converges strongly to z ∈ FS ∩ VIE, B, where z PFS∩VIE,B fz.
In 2008, S. Takahashi and W. Takahashi 27 introduced the following iterative scheme
for finding an element of FS ∩ EFF, D under some mild conditions. Let E be a nonempty
closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let D be an η-inverse-strongly monotone
mapping of E into H and let S be a nonexpansive mapping of E into itself such that FS ∩
EPF, D /
∅. Suppose x1 σ ∈ E and let {un }, {yn }, and {xn } by sequences generated by
1
F un , y Dxn , y − un y − un , un − xn ≥ 0,
rn
yn αn σ 1 − αn un ,
xn1 βn xn 1 − βn Syn ,
∀y ∈ C,
1.15
where {αn } ⊂ 0, 1, {βn } ⊂ 0, 1, and {rn } ⊂ 0, 2η satisfy some parameters controlling
conditions. They proved that the sequence {xn } defined by 1.15 converges strongly to a
common element of FS ∩ EFF, D.
On the other hand, iterative methods for nonexpansive mappings have recently
been applied to solve convex minimization problems; see, for example, 32–35 and the
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
5
references therein. Convex minimization problems have a great impact and influence in the
development of almost all branches of pure and applied sciences.
A typical problem is to minimize a quadratic function over the set of the fixed points
a nonexpansive mapping in a real Hilbert space H:
min
x∈E
1
Ax, x − x, b ,
2
1.16
where E is the fixed point set of a nonexpansive mapping S on H and b is a given point in H.
Assume that A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator on H; that is, there exists a constant
γ > 0 such that
Ax, x ≥ γx2 ,
1.17
∀x ∈ H.
In 2006, Marino and Xu 36 considered the following iterative method:
xn1 n γfxn 1 −
n ASxn ,
∀n ≥ 0.
1.18
They proved that if the sequence { n } of parameters satisfies appropriate conditions, then
the sequence {xn } generated by 1.18 converges strongly to the unique of the variational
inequality
A − γf z, x − z ≥ 0,
∀x ∈ FS,
1.19
which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem
min
x∈FS
1
Ax, x − hx ,
2
1.20
where h is a potential function for γf i.e., h x γfx for x ∈ H.
In 2008, Qin et al. 26 proposed the following iterative algorithm:
1
F un , y y − un , un − xn ≥ 0,
rn
xn1 n γfxn I −
∀y ∈ H,
1.21
n ASPE I − τn Bun ,
where A is a strongly positive linear bounded operator and B is a relaxed cocoercive mapping
of E into H. They prove that if the sequences { n }, {τn }, and {rn } of parameters satisfy
appropriate condition, then the sequences {xn } and {un } both converge to the unique solution
z of the variational inequality
A − γf z, x − z ≥ 0,
∀x ∈ FS ∩ VIE, B ∩ EPF,
1.22
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Journal of Inequalities and Applications
which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem
min
x∈FS∩VIE,B∩EPF
1
Ax, x − hx ,
2
1.23
where h is a potential function for γf i.e., h x γfx for x ∈ H.
Furthermore, for finding approximate common fixed points of an infinite family of
nonexpansive mappings {Tn } under very mild conditions on the parameters, we need the
following definition.
Definition 1.2 see 37. Let {Tn }∞
n1 be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings of E into itself
be
a
sequence
of
nonnegative numbers in 0, 1. For each n ≥ 1, define a
and let {μn }∞
n1
mapping Wn of E into itself as follows:
Un,n1 I,
Un,n μn Tn Un,n1 1 − μn I,
Un,n−1 μn−1 Tn−1 Un,n 1 − μn−1 I,
..
.
Un,k μk Tk Un,k1 1 − μk I,
Un,k−1 μk−1 Tk−1 Un,k 1 − μk−1 I,
1.24
..
.
Un,2 μ2 T2 Un,3 1 − μ2 I,
Wn Un,1 μ1 T1 Un,2 1 − μ1 I.
Such a mappings Wn is called the W-mapping generated by T1 , T2 , . . . , Tn and μ1 , μ2 , . . . , μn . It
is obvious that Wn is nonexpansive, and if x Tn x, then x Un,k Wn x.
On the other hand, Yao et al. 38 introduced and considered an iterative scheme for
finding a common element of the set of solutions of the equilibrium problem and the set of
common fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings on E. Starting with an
arbitrary initial x1 ∈ H, define sequences {xn } and {un } recursively by
xn1
1
F un , y y − un , un − xn ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ H,
rn
n γfxn βn xn 1 − βn I − n A Wn un , ∀n ≥ 1,
1.25
where { n } is a sequence in 0, 1. It is proved 38 that under certain appropriate conditions
imposed on { n } and {rn }, the sequence {xn } generated by 1.25 converges strongly to
z P∞n1 FTn ∩EPF I − A γfz. Very recently, Qin et al. 6 introduced an iterative scheme
for finding a common fixed points of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings, the set of
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
7
solutions of the variational inequality problem for a relaxed cocoercive mapping, and the set
of solutions of the equilibrium problems in a real Hilbert space. Starting with an arbitrary
initial x1 ∈ H, define sequences {xn } and {un } recursively by
1
y − un , un − xn ≥ 0,
F un , y rn
xn1 n γfWn xn I −
n AWn PE I
∀y ∈ H,
− τn Bun ,
1.26
∀n ≥ 1,
where B is a relaxed u, v-cocoercive mapping and A is a strongly positive linear bounded
operator. They proved that under certain appropriate conditions imposed on { n }, {τn }, and
{rn }, the sequences {xn } and {un } generated by 1.26 converge strongly to some point z ∈
∞
n1 FTn ∩ EPF ∩ VIE, B, which is a unique solution of the variation inequality:
A − γf z, x − z ≥ 0,
∀x ∈
∞
FTn ∩ EPF ∩ VIE, B
1.27
n1
and is also the optimality for some minimization problems.
In this paper, motivated by iterative schemes considered in 1.15, 1.25, and 1.26
we will introduce a new iterative process 3.4 below for finding a common element of the
set of fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions of the
generalized equilibrium problem, and the set of solutions of variational inequality problem
for a relaxed u, v-cocoercive mapping in a real Hilbert space. The results obtained in this
paper improve and extend the recent ones announced by Yao et al. 38, S. Takahashi and W.
Takahashi 27, and Qin et al. 6 and many others.
2. Preliminaries
Let H be a real Hilbert space with inner product ·, · and norm · . Let E be a nonempty
closed convex subset of H. We denote weak convergence and strong convergence by
notations
and → , respectively. Recall that the nearest point projection PE from H to
E assigns each x ∈ H the unique point in PE x ∈ E satisfying the property
x − PE x minx − y.
2.1
y∈E
The following characterizes the projection PE .
We need some facts tools in a real Hilbert space H which are listed as follows.
Lemma 2.1. For any x ∈ H, z ∈ E,
z PE x ⇐⇒ x − z, z − y ≥ 0,
∀y ∈ E.
2.2
It is well known that PE is a firmly nonexpansive mapping of H onto E and satisfies
PE x − PE y2 ≤ PE x − PE y, x − y ,
∀x, y ∈ H.
2.3
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Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Moreover, PE x is characterized by the following properties: PE x ∈ E and for all x ∈ H, y ∈ E,
x − PE x, y − PE x ≤ 0.
2.4
Lemma 2.2 see 39. Let H be a Hilbert space, let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of H, and
let B be a mapping of E into H. Let p ∈ E. Then for λ > 0,
p ∈ VIE, B ⇐⇒ p PE p − λBp ,
2.5
where PE is the metric projection of H onto E.
It is clear from Lemma 2.2 that variational inequality and fixed point problem are
equivalent. This alternative equivalent formulation has played a significant role in the studies
of the variational inequalities and related optimization problems.
Lemma 2.3 see 40. Each Hilbert space H satisfies Opials condition; that is, for any sequence
x, the inequality
{xn } ⊂ H with xn
lim infxn − x < lim infxn − y
n→∞
n→∞
2.6
holds for each y ∈ H with y / x.
Lemma 2.4 see 36. Assume that A is a strongly positive linear bounded operator on H with
coefficient γ > 0 and 0 < ρ ≤ A−1 . Then I − ρA ≤ 1 − ργ.
For solving the equilibrium problem for a bifunction F : E × E → R, let us assume that
F satisfies the following conditions:
A1 Fx, x 0, for all x ∈ E;
A2 F is monotone, that is, Fx, y Fy, x ≤ 0, for all x, y ∈ E;
A3 limt↓0 Ftz 1 − tx, y ≤ Fx, y, for all x, y, z ∈ E;
A4 for each x ∈ E, y → Fx, y is convex and lower semicontinuous.
The following lemma appears implicitly in 4.
Lemma 2.5 see 4. Let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of H and let F be a bifunction of
E × E into R satisfying (A1)–(A4). Let r > 0 and x ∈ H. Then, there exists z ∈ E such that
1
F z, y y − z, z − x ≥ 0,
r
The following lemma was also given in 5.
∀y ∈ E.
2.7
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
9
Lemma 2.6 see 5. Assume that F : E × E → R satisfies (A1)–(A4). For r > 0 and x ∈ H, define
a mapping Tr : H → E as follows:
Tr x 1
z ∈ E : F z, y y − z, z − x ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ E ,
r
2.8
for all z ∈ H. Then, the following holds:
1 Tr is single-valued;
2 Tr is firmly nonexpansive, that is, for any x, y ∈ H,
Tr x − Tr y2 ≤ Tr x − Tr y, x − y ;
2.9
3 FTr EPF;
4 EPF is closed and convex.
Remark 2.7. Replacing x with x − rDx ∈ H in 2.7, then there exists z ∈ E, such that
1
F z, y Dx, y − z y − z, z − x ≥ 0,
r
∀y ∈ E.
2.10
Lemma 2.8 see 41. Let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let
T1 , T2 , . . . be nonexpansive mappings of E into itself such that ∞
n1 FTn is nonempty, and let
μ1 , μ2 , . . . be real numbers such that 0 ≤ μn ≤ b < 1 for every n ≥ 1. Then, for every x ∈ E and
k ∈ N, the limit limn → ∞ Un,k x exists.
Using Lemma 2.8, one can define a mapping W of E into itself as follows:
Wx lim Wn x lim Un,1 x,
n→∞
n→∞
2.11
for every x ∈ E. Such a W is called the W-mapping generated by T1 , T2 , . . . and μ1 , μ2 , . . ..
Throughout this paper, we will assume that 0 ≤ μn ≤ b < 1 for every n ≥ 1. Then, we have the
following results.
Lemma 2.9 see 41. Let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let
T1 , T2 , . . . be nonexpansive mappings of E into itself such that ∞
n1 FTn is nonempty, let μ1 , μ2 , . . .
be real numbers such that 0 ≤ μn ≤ b < 1 for every n ≥ 1. Then, FW ∞
n1 FTn .
Lemma 2.10 see 7. If {xn } is a bounded sequence in E, then limn → ∞ Wxn − Wn xn 0.
Lemma 2.11 see 42. Let {xn } and {zn } be bounded sequences in a Banach space X and let {βn } be
a sequence in 0, 1 with 0 < lim infn → ∞ βn ≤ lim supn → ∞ βn < 1. Suppose xn1 1 − βn zn βn xn
for all integers n ≥ 0 and lim supn → ∞ zn1 − zn − xn1 − xn ≤ 0. Then, limn → ∞ zn − xn 0.
Lemma 2.12. Let H be a real Hilbert space. Then the following inequality holds:
1 x y2 ≤ x2 2y, x y,
2 x y2 ≥ x2 2y, x
for all x, y ∈ H.
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Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Lemma 2.13 see 43. Assume that {an } is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers such that
an1 ≤ 1 − ln an σn ,
∀n ≥ 0,
2.12
where {ln } is a sequence in 0, 1 and {σn } is a sequence in R such that
1 ∞
n1 ln ∞,
2 lim supn → ∞ σn /ln ≤ 0 or ∞
n1 |σn | < ∞.
Then limn → ∞ an 0.
3. Main Results
In this section, we prove a strong convergence theorem of a new iterative method 3.4 for an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings and relaxed u, v-cocoercive mappings in a real
Hilbert space.
We first prove the following lemmas.
Lemma 3.1. Let H be a real Hilbert space, let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of H, and let
D : E → H be η-inverse-strongly monotone. It 0 ≤ rn ≤ 2η, then I − rn D is a nonexpansive mapping
in H.
Proof. For all x, y ∈ E and 0 ≤ rn ≤ 2η, we have
I − rn Dx − I − rn Dy2 x − y − rn Dx − Dy2
2
2
x − y − 2rn x − y, Dx − Dy rn2 Dx − Dy
2
2
≤ x − y − 2rn ηDx − Dy rn2 Dx − Dy
3.1
2
2
x − y rn rn − 2η Dx − Dy
2
≤ x − y .
So, I − rn D is a nonexpansive mapping of E into H.
Lemma 3.2. Let H be a real Hilbert space, let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of H, and let
B : E → H be a relaxed u, v-cocoercive and ξ-Lipschitz continuous. If 0 ≤ τn ≤ 2v − uξ2 /ξ2 ,
v > uξ2 , then I − τn B is a nonexpansive mapping in H.
Proof. For any x, y ∈ E and τn ≤ 2v − uξ2 /ξ2 , v > uξ2 .
Putting r 1 2τn uξ2 − 2τn v τn2 ξ2 , we obtain
2 v − uξ2
τn ≤
⇐⇒ τn ξ2 2uξ2 − 2v ≤ 0
ξ2
⇐⇒ τn2 ξ2 2τn uξ2 − 2τn v ≤ 0
⇐⇒ 1 τn2 ξ2 2τn uξ2 − 2τn v ≤ 1,
3.2
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11
that is, r ≤ 1. It follows that
I − τn Bx − I − τn By2 x − y − τn Bx − By2
2
2
x − y − 2τn x − y, Bx − By τn2 Bx − By
2
2
2 2
≤ x − y − 2τn −uBx − By vx − y τn2 Bx − By
2
2
2
2
≤ x − y 2τn uξ2 x − y − 2τn vx − y τn2 ξ2 x − y
2
1 2τn uξ2 − 2τn v τn2 ξ2 x − y
2
r x − y 2
≤ x − y ,
3.3
for all x, y ∈ E. Thus I − τn Bx − I − τn By ≤ x − y.
So, I − τn B is a nonexpansive mapping of E into H.
Now, we prove the following main theorem.
Theorem 3.3. Let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H, and let F : E×E →
R be a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A4). Let
1 {Tn } be an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of E into E;
2 D be an η-inverse strongly monotone mappings of E into H;
3 B be relaxed u, v-cocoercive and ξ-Lipschitz continuous mappings of E into H.
Assume that Θ : ∞
∅. Let f : E → E be a contraction mapping
n1 FTn ∩ EPF, D ∩ VIE, B /
with 0 < α < 1 and let A be a strongly positive linear bounded operator on H with coefficient γ > 0
and 0 < γ < γ/α. Let {xn }, {yn }, {kn }, and {un } be sequences generated by
x1 ∈ E chosen arbitrary,
xn1
1
F un , y Dxn , y − un y − un , un − xn ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ E,
rn
yn ϕn un 1 − ϕn Wn PE un − δn Bun ,
kn αn xn 1 − αn Wn PE yn − λn Byn ,
n γfWn xn βn xn 1 − βn I − n A Wn PE kn − τn Bkn , ∀n ≥ 1,
3.4
where {Wn } is the sequence generated by 1.24 and { n }, {αn }, {ϕn }, and {βn } are sequences in
0, 1 satisfy the following conditions:
C1 limn → ∞ n 0, ∞
n1 n ∞,
C2 limn → ∞ αn limn → ∞ ϕn 0,
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Journal of Inequalities and Applications
C3 0 < lim infn → ∞ βn ≤ lim supn → ∞ βn < 1,
C4 lim infn → ∞ rn > 0 and limn → ∞ |rn1 − rn | 0,
C5 limn → ∞ |λn1 − λn | limn → ∞ |δn1 − δn | limn → ∞ |τn1 − τn | 0,
C6 {τn }, {λn }, {δn } ⊂ a, b for some a, b with 0 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 2v − uξ2 /ξ2 , v > uξ2 ,
C7 {rn } ⊂ c, d for some c, d with 0 < c < d < 2η.
Then, {xn } and {un } converge strongly to a point z ∈ Θ, where z PΘ I − A γfz, which solves
the variational inequality
A − γf z, x − z ≥ 0,
∀x ∈ Θ,
3.5
which is the optimality condition fot the minimization problem
min
x∈Θ
1
Ax, x − hx ,
2
3.6
where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., h x γfx for x ∈ H).
Proof. Since limn → ∞ n 0 by the condition C1 and lim supn → ∞ βn < 1, we may assume,
without loss of generality, that n ≤ 1 − βn A−1 . Since A is a strongly positive bounded
linear operator on H, then
A sup{|Ax, x| : x ∈ H, x 1}.
3.7
Observe that
1 − βn I −
nA
x, x 1 − βn −
≥ 1 − βn −
n Ax, x
n A
3.8
≥ 0,
that is to say 1 − βn I −
1 − βn I −
nA
is positive. It follows that
sup 1 − βn I −
nA
sup 1 − βn −
≤ 1 − βn −
nA
n Ax, x
x, x : x ∈ H, x 1
: x ∈ H, x 1
3.9
n γ.
We will divide the proof of Theorem 3.3 into six steps.
Step 1. We prove that there exists z ∈ E such that z P∞n1 FTn ∩EPF,D∩VIE,B I − A γfz.
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
13
Let I P∞n1 FTn ∩EPF,D∩VIE,B . Note that f is a contraction mapping of E into itself
with coefficient α ∈ 0, 1. Then, we have
I I − A γf x − I I − A γf y ≤ I − A γf x − I − A γf y ≤ I − Ax − y γ fx − f y ≤ 1 − γ x − y γαx − y
1 − γ − αγ x − y, ∀x, y ∈ H.
3.10
Therefore, II − A γf is a contraction mapping of E into itself. Therefore by the Banach
Contraction Mapping Principle guarantee that II − A γf has a unique fixed point, say
z ∈ E. That is, z II − A γfz P∞n1 FTn ∩EPF,D∩VIE,B I − A γfz.
Step 2. We prove that {xn } is bounded.
Since
1
F un , y Dxn , y − un y − un , un − xn ≥ 0,
rn
∀y ∈ E,
3.11
we obtain
1
F un , y y − un , un − I − rn Dxn ≥ 0,
rn
∀y ∈ E.
3.12
From Lemma 2.6, we have un Trn xn − rn Dxn , for all n ∈ N.
For any p ∈ Θ : ∞
n1 FTn ∩ EPF, D ∩ VIE, B, it follows from p ∈ EPF, D that
F p, y y − p, Dp ≥ 0,
∀y ∈ E.
3.13
So, we have
1
F p, y y − p, p − p − rn Dp ≥ 0,
rn
∀y ∈ E.
3.14
By Lemma 2.6 again, we have p Trn p − rn Dp, for all n ∈ N. If follows that
un − p Tr xn − rn Dxn − Tr p − rn Dp n
n
≤ xn − rn Dxn − p − rn Dp I − rn Dxn − I − rn Dp ≤ xn − p.
3.15
14
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
If we applied Lemma 3.2, we get I − λn B and I − δn B are nonexpansive. Since p ∈ VIE, B
and Wn is a nonexpansive, we have p Wn PE p − λn Bp Wn PE p − δn Bp, and we have
yn − p ≤ ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn
≤ ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn
ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn
≤ ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn
≤ un − p ≤ xn − p.
Wn PE un − δn Bun − Wn PE p − δn Bp un − δn Bun − p − δn Bp I − δn Bun − I − δn Bp
un − p
3.16
It follows that
kn − p ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn Wn PE yn − λn Byn − Wn PE p − λn Bp ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn yn − λn Byn − p − λn Bp αn xn − p 1 − αn I − λn Byn − I − λn Bp
3.17
≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn yn − p
≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn xn − p xn − p,
which yields that
xn1 − p n γfxn − Ap βn xn − p 1 − βn I − n A Wn PE kn − τn Bkn − p ≤ 1 − βn − n γ PE I − τn Bkn − p βn xn − p n γfxn − Ap
≤ 1 − βn − n γ kn − p βn xn − p n γfxn − Ap
≤ 1 − βn − n γ xn − p βn xn − p n γfxn − Ap
≤ 1−
≤ 1−
fxn − f p n γf p − Ap
n γα xn − p n γf p − Ap
γf p − Ap
xn − p γ − αγ n
.
γ − αγ
xn − p xn − p nγ
nγ
1 − γ − αγ
n
nγ
3.18
This in turn implies that
γf p − Ap
xn − p ≤ max x1 − p,
,
γ − αγ
n ∈ N.
3.19
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
15
Therefore, {xn } is bounded. We also obtain that {un }, {kn }, {yn }, {Bun }, {Bkn }, {Byn },
{Wn un }, {Wn kn }, {Wn yn }, and {fWn xn } are all bounded.
Step 3. We claim that limn → ∞ xn1 − xn 0 and limn → ∞ Wn θn − xn 0.
From Lemma 2.6, we have un Trn xn − rn Dxn and un1 Trn1 xn1 − rn1 Dxn1 . Let
n xn − rn Dxn , we get un Trn n , un1 Trn1 n1 , and so
1
y − un , un − n ≥ 0,
F un , y rn
∀y ∈ E,
1 F un1 , y y − un1 , un1 − n1 ≥ 0,
rn1
∀y ∈ E.
3.20
3.21
Putting y un1 in 3.20 and y un in 3.21, we have
Fun , un1 Fun1 , un 1
un1 − un , un − n ≥ 0,
rn
1
rn1
3.22
un − un1 , un1 − n1 ≥ 0.
So, from the monotonicity of F, we get
un − n un1 − n1
−
≥ 0,
un1 − un ,
rn
rn1
3.23
rn
un1 − un , un − un1 un1 − n −
un1 − n1 ≥ 0.
rn1
3.24
and hence
Without loss of generality, let us assume that there exists a real number c such that rn > c > 0
for all n ∈ N. Then, we have
2
un1 − un ≤
rn
un1 − un , n1 − n 1 −
un1 − n1 rn1
rn ≤ un1 − un n1 − n 1 −
un1 − n1 ,
rn1 3.25
16
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
and hence
1
un1 − un ≤ n1 − n |rn1 − rn |un1 − n1 c
1
xn1 − rn1 Dxn1 − xn − rn Dxn |rn1 − rn |un1 − n1 c
≤ xn1 − rn1 Dxn1 − xn − rn1 Dxn |rn1 − rn |Dxn 1
|rn1 − rn |un1 − n1 c
3.26
1
≤ xn1 − xn |rn1 − rn |Dxn |rn1 − rn |un1 − n1 c
≤ xn1 − xn M1 |rn1 − rn |,
where M1 sup{Dxn 1/cun1 − n1 : n ∈ N}.
Put θn PE kn − τn Bkn , φn PE yn − λn Byn , and ψn PE un − δn Bun . Since I − τn B,
I − λn B, and I − δn B are nonexpansive, then we have the following some estimates:
ψn1 − ψn ≤ PE un1 − δn1 Bun1 − PE un − δn Bun ≤ un1 − δn1 Bun1 − un − δn Bun un1 − δn1 Bun1 − un − δn1 Bun δn − δn1 Bun ≤ un1 − δn1 Bun1 − un − δn1 Bun |δn − δn1 |Bun 3.27
I − δn1 Bun1 − I − δn1 Bun |δn − δn1 |Bun ≤ un1 − un |δn − δn1 |Bun .
Similarly, we can prove that
φn1 − φn ≤ yn1 − yn |λn − λn1 |Byn ,
3.28
θn1 − θn ≤ kn1 − kn |τn − τn1 |Bkn .
3.29
Since Ti and Un,i are nonexpansive, we deduce that, for each n ≤ 1,
Wn1 ψn − Wn ψn μ1 T1 Un1,2 ψn − μ1 T1 Un,2 ψn ≤ μ1 Un1,2 ψn − Un,2 ψn μ1 μ2 T2 Un1,3 ψn − μ2 T2 Un,3 ψn ≤ μ1 μ2 Un1,3 ψn − Un,3 ψn Journal of Inequalities and Applications
17
..
.
≤
n
μi Un1,n1 ψn − Un,n1 ψn i1
≤ M2
n
μi ,
i1
3.30
where M2 ≥ 0 is a constant such that Un1,n1 ψn − Un,n1 ψn ≤ M2 for all n ≥ 0.
Similarly, we can obtain that there exist nonnegative numbers M3 , M4 such that
Un1,n1 ϕn − Un,n1 ϕn ≤ M3 ,
Un1,n1 θn − Un,n1 θn ≤ M4 ,
n
Wn1 φn − Wn φn ≤ M3
μi ,
Wn1 θn − Wn θn ≤ M4
3.31
and so are
i1
n
μi .
3.32
i1
Observing that
yn1
yn ϕn un 1 − ϕn Wn ψn ,
ϕn1 un1 1 − ϕn1 Wn1 ψn1 ,
3.33
we obtain
yn − yn1 ϕn un − un1 1 − ϕn Wn ψn − Wn1 ψn1 Wn1 ψn1 − un1 ϕn1 − ϕn ,
3.34
which yields that
yn − yn1 ≤ ϕn un − un1 1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − Wn ψn ϕn1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − un1 ≤ ϕn un − un1 1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − Wn1 ψn Wn1 ψn − Wn ψn ϕn1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − un1 ≤ ϕn un − un1 1 − ϕn ψn1 − ψn Wn1 ψn − Wn ψn ϕn1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − un1 ≤ ϕn un − un1 1 − ϕn ψn1 − ψn Wn1 ψn − Wn ψn ϕn1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − un1 .
3.35
18
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Substitution of 3.27 and 3.30 into 3.35 yields that
yn − yn1 ≤ ϕn un − un1 1 − ϕn {un1 − un |δn − δn1 |Bun }
M2
n
μi ϕn1 − ϕn Wn1 ψn1 − un1 i1
un − un1 1 − ϕn |δn − δn1 |Bun M2
n
3.36
μi Wn1 ψn1 − un1 ϕn1 − ϕn i1
n
≤ un − un1 M5 |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn M2
μi ,
i1
where M5 is an appropriate constant such that M5 max{supn≥1 Bun , supn≥1 Wn ψn − un }.
Observing that
kn αn xn 1 − αn Wn φn ,
kn1 αn1 xn1 1 − αn1 Wn φn1 ,
3.37
we obtain
kn − kn1 αn xn − xn1 1 − αn Wn φn − Wn1 φn1 Wn1 φn1 − xn1 αn1 − αn ,
3.38
which yields that
kn − kn1 ≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn Wn φn − Wn1 φn1 |αn1 − αn |Wn1 φn1 − xn1 ≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn Wn1 φn1 − Wn1 φn Wn1 φn − Wn φn |αn1 − αn |Wn1 φn1 − xn1 ≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn φn1 − φn Wn1 φn − Wn φn |αn1 − αn |Wn1 φn1 − xn1 .
3.39
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
19
Substitution of 3.28 and 3.32 into 3.39 yields that
kn − kn1 ≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn yn1 − yn |λn − λn1 |Byn M3
n
μi |αn1 − αn |Wn1 φn1 − xn1 i1
αn xn − xn1 1 − αn yn1 − yn 1 − αn |λn − λn1 |Byn M3
n
μi |αn1 − αn |Wn1 φn1 − xn1 3.40
i1
n
≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn yn1 − yn M3
μi
i1
M6 |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |,
where M6 is an appropriate constant such that M6 max{supn≥1 Byn , supn≥1 Wn φn − xn }.
Substituting 3.26 and 3.36 into 3.40, we obtain
n
μi
kn − kn1 ≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn un − un1 M5 |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn M2
M3
n
i1
μi M6 |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |
i1
αn xn − xn1 1 − αn un − un1 1 − αn M5 |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn n
n
1 − αn M2
μi M3
μi M6 |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |
i1
i1
≤ αn xn − xn1 1 − αn {xn1 − xn M1 |rn1 − rn |}
n
1 − αn M5 |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn 1 − αn M2
μi
M3
n
i1
μi M6 |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |
i1
αn xn − xn1 1 − αn xn1 − xn 1 − αn M1 |rn1 − rn |
n
1 − αn M5 |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn 1 − αn M2
μi
M3
n
i1
μi M6 |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |
i1
≤ xn − xn1 M1 |rn1 − rn | M2
n
i1
μi M3
n
μi
i1
M5 |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn M6 |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |
n
n
≤ xn − xn1 M2
μi M3
μi
i1
i1
K1 |rn1 − rn | |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn | ,
3.41
where K1 is an appropriate constant such that K1 max{M1 , M5 , M6 }.
20
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Substituting 3.41 into 3.29, we obtain
θn1 − θn ≤ kn1 − kn |τn − τn1 |Bkn ≤ xn − xn1 M2
n
μi M3
n
i1
μi
i1
K1 |rn1 − rn | |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn |
|τn − τn1 |Bkn ≤ xn − xn1 M2
n
n
μi M3
μi
i1
i1
K2 |rn1 − rn | |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn | |τn − τn1 | ,
3.42
where K2 is an appropriate constant such that K2 max{supn≥1 Bkn , K1 }.
Define
xn1 1 − βn zn βn xn ,
n ≥ 1.
3.43
Observe that from the definition zn , we obtain
zn1 − zn n1 γfWn1 xn1 −
n1
1 − βn1
n γfWn xn n
n1
1 − βn1 I −
1 − βn1
1 − βn I −
1 − βn
γfWn1 xn1 −
1 − βn
1 − βn1
AWn θn −
n
1 − βn
n1
1 − βn1
nA
n1 A
Wn1 θn1
Wn θn
γfWn xn Wn1 θn1 − Wn θn
AWn1 θn1
γfWn1 xn1 − AWn1 θn1 Wn1 θn1 − Wn1 θn Wn1 θn − Wn θn .
n
1 − βn
AWn θn − γfWn xn 3.44
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
21
It follows from 3.32, 3.42, and 3.44 that
zn1 − zn − xn1 − xn ≤
n1
1 − βn1
γfWn1 xn1 AWn1 θn1 n
AWn θn γfWn xn 1 − βn
Wn1 θn1 − Wn1 θn Wn1 θn − Wn θn − xn1 − xn ≤
n1
1 − βn1
γfWn1 xn1 AWn1 θn1 n
AWn θn γfWn xn 1 − βn
θn1 − θn Wn1 θn − Wn θn − xn1 − xn ≤
n1
1 − βn1
M2
γfWn1 xn1 AWn1 θn1 n
AWn θn γfWn xn 1 − βn
n
n
n
μi M3
μi M4
μi
i1
i1
i1
K2 |rn1 − rn | |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn | |τn − τn1 |
≤
n1
1 − βn1
3K
γfWn1 xn1 AWn1 θn1 n
n
1 − βn
AWn θn γfWn xn μi
i1
K2 |rn1 − rn | |δn − δn1 | ϕn1 − ϕn |λn − λn1 | |αn1 − αn | |τn − τn1 | ,
3.45
where K is an appropriate constant such that K max{M2 , M3 , M4 }.
It follows from conditions C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and 0 < μi ≤ b < 1, for all i ≥ 1
lim supzn1 − zn − xn1 − xn ≤ 0.
n→∞
3.46
Hence, by Lemma 2.11, we obtain
lim zn − xn 0.
3.47
lim xn1 − xn lim 1 − βn zn − xn 0.
3.48
n→∞
It follows that
n→∞
n→∞
22
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Applying 3.48 and conditions in Theorem 3.3 to 3.26, 3.41, and 3.42, we obtain that
lim un1 − un lim kn1 − kn lim θn1 − θn 0.
n→∞
n→∞
n→∞
3.49
From 3.49, C2, C5, and 0 < μi ≤ b < 1, for all i ≥ 1, we also have
lim yn1 − yn 0.
3.50
n→∞
Since xn1 n γfWn xn βn xn 1 − βn I −
n AWn θn ,
we have
xn − Wn θn ≤ xn − xn1 xn1 − Wn θn xn − xn1 n γfWn xn βn xn 1 − βn I −
nA
Wn θn − Wn θn xn − xn1 n γfWn xn − AWn θn βn xn − Wn θn ≤ xn − xn1 n
3.51
γfWn xn AWn θn βn xn − Wn θn ,
that is,
xn − Wn θn ≤
1
n γfWn xn AWn θn .
xn − xn1 1 − βn
1 − βn
3.52
By C1, C3, and 3.48 it follows that
lim Wn θn − xn 0.
n→∞
3.53
Step 4. We claim that the following statements hold:
i limn → ∞ un − θn 0;
ii limn → ∞ xn − un 0;
iii limn → ∞ Wn θn − θn 0.
Since B is relaxed u, v-cocoercive and ξ-Lipschitz continuous mappings, by the assumptions
imposed on {τn } for any p ∈ Θ : ∞
n1 FTn ∩ EPF, D ∩ VIE, B, we have
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Wn θn − p2 ≤ PE kn − τn Bkn − PE p − τn Bp2
2
≤ kn − τn Bkn − p − τn Bp
2
kn − p − τn Bkn − Bp
2
2
≤ kn − p − 2τn kn − p, Bkn − Bp τn2 Bkn − Bp
2
2
≤ xn − p − 2τn kn − p, Bkn − Bp τn2 Bkn − Bp
2
2
2 2
≤ xn − p − 2τn −uBkn − Bp vkn − p τn2 Bkn − Bp
23
3.54
2
2
2
2
≤ xn − p 2τn uBkn − Bp − 2τn vkn − p τn2 Bkn − Bp
2
2 2τn v 2
2
≤ xn − p 2τn uBkn − Bp − 2 Bkn − Bp τn2 Bkn − Bp
ξ
2
2τn v Bkn − Bp2 .
xn − p 2τn u τn2 − 2
ξ
Similarly, we have
Wn φn − p2 ≤ xn − p2 2λn u λ2n − 2λn v Byn − Bp2 ,
2
ξ
Wn ψn − p2 ≤ xn − p2 2δn u δn2 − 2δn v Bun − Bp2 .
2
ξ
3.55
Observe that
xn1 − p2 1 − βn I − n AWn θn − p βn xn − p n γfWn xn − Ap2
2
2
1 − βn I − n AWn θn − p βn xn − p n2 γfWn xn − Ap
2βn n xn − p, γfWn xn − Ap
2 n 1 − βn I − n A Wn θn − p , γfWn xn − Ap
2
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − p βn xn − p n2 γfWn xn − Ap
2βn n xn − p, γfWn xn − Ap
2 n 1 − βn I − n A Wn θn − p , γfWn xn − Ap
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − p βn xn − p cn
2
2
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − p βn2 xn − p
2 1 − βn − n γ βn Wn θn − pxn − p cn
2
2
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − p βn2 xn − p
1 − βn −
nγ
2 2 βn Wn θn − p xn − p cn
24
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
1−
1−
1−
1−
2
nγ
nγ
nγ
nγ
βn − βn2
2
2
βn βn2 Wn θn − p βn2 xn − p
Wn θn − p2 xn − p2 cn
− 1−
nγ
2 βn Wn θn − p 1 −
1 − βn −
nγ
Wn θn − p2 1 −
2
nγ
−2 1−
nγ
nγ
2
βn xn − p cn
2
βn xn − p cn ,
3.56
where
cn 2
− Ap 2βn n xn − p, γfxn − Ap
2 n 1 − βn I − n A Wn θn − p , γfxn − Ap.
2
n γfxn 3.57
It follows from condition C1 that
lim cn 0.
3.58
n→∞
Substituting 3.54 into 3.56, and using condition C6, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 −
nγ
1−
1−
nγ
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
xn − p2 2τn u τn2 − 2τn v Bkn − Bp2
2
ξ
2
βn xn − p cn
2 xn − p 1 −
2
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
2τn v Bkn − Bp2 cn
× 2τn u − 2
ξ
2
2τn v Bkn − Bp2 cn .
≤ xn − p 2τn u τn2 − 2
ξ
τn2
3.59
It follows that
2
2av
2 ≤ 2τn v − 2τn u − τn2 Bkn − Bp2
Bk
−
2bu
−
b
−
Bp
n
2
2
ξ
ξ
2 2
≤ xn − p − xn1 − p cn
xn − p − xn1 − p xn − p xn1 − p cn
≤ xn − xn1 xn − p xn1 − p cn .
3.60
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
25
Since cn → 0 as n → ∞ and 3.48, we obtain
lim Bkn − Bp 0.
n→∞
3.61
Note that
kn − p2 ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn Wn φn − p2
2
2
2λn v Byn − Bp2
≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn xn − p 2λn u λ2n − 2
ξ
2
2λn v Byn − Bp2 ,
≤ xn − p 1 − αn 2λn u λ2n − 2
ξ
yn − p2 ≤ ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn Wn ψn − p2
2 2
2δn v Bun − Bp2
≤ ϕn xn − p 1 − ϕn xn − p 2δn u δn2 − 2
ξ
2 2δn v Bun − Bp2 .
≤ xn − p 1 − ϕn 2δn u δn2 − 2
ξ
3.62
3.63
Using 3.56 again, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 −
Wn θn − p2 1 − n γ βn xn − p2 cn
2 2
≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2 2
≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ kn − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn .
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
3.64
Substituting 3.62 into 3.64 and using condition C2 and C6, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 −
nγ
1−
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
xn − p2 1 − αn 2λn u λ2n − 2λn v Byn − Bp2
ξ2
2
βn xn − p cn
2λn v 2
Byn − Bp2
γ
−
α
u
λ
−
2λ
1
n
n
n
n
2
ξ
2
2
1 − n γ xn − p cn
2
2λn v Byn − Bp2 cn .
≤ xn − p 1 − αn 2λn u λ2n − 2
ξ
1−
nγ
1 − βn −
3.65
26
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
It follows that
1 − αn 2
2
2av
2τn v
2 2 By
By
−
2bu
−
b
−
Bp
≤
−
α
−
2τ
u
−
τ
−
Bp
1
n
n
n
n
n
ξ2
ξ2
2 2
≤ xn − p − xn1 − p cn
3.66
≤ xn − xn1 xn − p xn1 − p cn .
Since cn → 0 as n → ∞ and 3.48, we obtain
lim Byn − Bp 0.
3.67
lim Bun − Bp 0.
3.68
n→∞
In a similar way, we can prove
n→∞
By 2.3, we also have
θn − p2 PE kn − τn Bkn − PE p − τn Bp2
2
PE I − τn Bkn − PE I − τn Bp
≤ I − τn Bkn − I − τn Bp, θn − p
1 I − τn Bkn − I − τn Bp2 θn − p2
2
2 −I − τn Bkn − I − τn Bp − θn − p ≤
1
kn − p2 θn − p2 − kn − θn − τn Bkn − Bp2
2
≤
1 xn − p2 θn − p2 − kn − θn 2 − τn2 Bkn − Bp2 2τn kn − θn , Bkn − Bp ,
2
3.69
which yields that
θn − p2 ≤ xn − p2 − kn − θn 2 2τn kn − θn Bkn − Bp.
3.70
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
27
Substituting 3.70 into 3.56, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 −
nγ
≤ 1−
nγ
≤ 1−
nγ
1−
1 − βn −
1 − βn −
1 − βn −
nγ
nγ
Wn θn − p2 1 −
nγ
nγ
θn − p2 1 −
2
βn xn − p cn
nγ
xn − p2 − kn − θn 2 2τn kn − θn Bkn − Bp
nγ
2
βn xn − p cn
2
βn xn − p cn
2 2
1 − n γ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ kn − θn 2
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − θn Bkn − Bp cn
2 ≤ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ kn − θn 2
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − θn Bkn − Bp cn .
3.71
It follows that
1−
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
2 2
kn − θn 2 ≤ xn − p − xn1 − p
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − θn Bkn − Bp cn
≤ xn − xn1 xn − p xn1 − p
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − θn Bkn − Bp cn .
3.72
Applying xn1 − xn → 0, Bkn − Bp → 0 and cn → 0 as n → ∞ to the last inequality, we
have
lim kn − θn 0.
n→∞
On the other hand, we have
Wn θn − p2 ≤ PE kn − τn Bkn − PE p − τn Bp2
2
PE I − τn Bkn − PE I − τn Bp
≤ I − τn Bkn − I − τn Bp, Wn θn − p
1 I − τn Bkn − I − τn Bp2 Wn θn − p2
2
2 −I − τn Bkn − I − τn Bp − Wn θn − p 3.73
28
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
1
kn − p2 Wn θn − p2 − kn − Wn θn − τn Bkn − Bp2
2
1 xn − p2 Wn θn − p2 − kn − Wn θn 2
≤
2
2
−τn2 Bkn − Bp 2τn kn − Wn θn , Bkn − Bp ,
≤
3.74
which yields that
Wn θn − p2 ≤ xn − p2 − kn − Wn θn 2 2τn kn − Wn θn Bkn − Bp.
3.75
Similarly, we can prove
Wn φn − p2 ≤ xn − p2 − yn − Wn φn 2 2λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp,
Wn ψn − p2 ≤ xn − p2 − un − Wn ψn 2 2δn un − Wn ψn Bun − Bp.
3.76
3.77
Substituting 3.75 into 3.56, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − p2 1 − n γ βn xn − p2 cn
≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ
2
× xn − p − kn − Wn θn 2 2τn kn − Wn θn Bkn − Bp
2
βn xn − p cn
2 2
1 − n γ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ kn − Wn θn 2
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − Wn θn Bkn − Bp cn
2 ≤ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ kn − Wn θn 2
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − Wn θn Bkn − Bp cn ,
1−
nγ
3.78
which yields that
1−
1 − βn − n γ kn − Wn θn 2
2 2
≤ xn − p − xn1 − p 2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − Wn θn Bkn − Bp cn
≤ xn − xn1 xn − p xn1 − p
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ τn kn − Wn θn Bkn − Bp cn .
3.79
nγ
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
29
Applying 3.48 and 3.61 to the last inequality, we have
lim kn − Wn θn 0.
n→∞
3.80
Using 3.64 again, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 −
kn − p2 1 − n γ βn xn − p2 cn
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ αn xn − p 1 − αn Wn φn − p
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
2
βn xn − p cn
2
2 ≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ αn xn − p 1 − αn Wn φn − p
1−
nγ
2
1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ αn xn − p
2 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn Wn φn − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2 ≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ αn xn − p 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn 2 2
× xn − p − yn − Wn φn 2λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp
2
1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ αn xn − p
2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn xn − p
2
− 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn yn − Wn φn 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn 2λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp
2
1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − p
2
− 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn yn − Wn φn 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn 2λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp
2
1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2 2
2
1 − n γ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn yn − Wn φn 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn 2λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp cn
2 2
≤ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn yn − Wn φn 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn 2λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp cn ,
3.81
30
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
which implies that
1−
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
2
1 − αn yn − Wn φn 2 2
≤ xn − p − xn1 − p
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp cn
≤ xn − xn1 xn − p xn1 − p
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn λn yn − Wn φn Byn − Bp cn .
3.82
From 3.48 and 3.67, we obtain
lim yn − Wn φn 0.
n→∞
3.83
By using the same argument, we can prove that
lim un − Wn ψn 0.
n→∞
3.84
Note that
kn − Wn φn αn xn − Wn φn ,
yn − Wn ψn ϕn un − Wn ψn .
3.85
Since αn → 0 and ϕn → 0 as n → ∞, respectively, we also have
lim kn − Wn φn lim yn − Wn ψn 0.
n→∞
n→∞
3.86
On the other hand, we observe
un − θn ≤ un − Wn ψn Wn ψn − yn yn − Wn φn Wn φn − kn kn − θn .
3.87
Applying 3.73, 3.83, 3.84, and 3.86, we have
lim un − θn 0.
n→∞
3.88
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
31
On the other hand, we have
kn − p2 ≤ αn xn − p2 1 − αn Wn φn − p2
2
2
≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn φn − p
2
2
≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn yn − p
2
2 ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn Wn ψn − p
2
2 ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn ψn − p
2
2 ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn ϕn un − p 1 − ϕn un − p
3.89
2
2
αn xn − p 1 − αn un − p
2
2
αn xn − p 1 − αn Trn I − rn Dxn − p
2
2
≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn I − rn Dxn − p
2
2
2 ≤ αn xn − p 1 − αn xn − p − rn 2η − rn Dxn − Dp
2
2
xn − p − 1 − αn rn 2η − rn Dxn − Dp .
Substituting 3.89 into 3.64 and using conditions C2 and C7, we have
xn1 − p2 ≤ 1 −
kn − p2 1 − n γ βn xn − p2 cn
2
2 ≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − p − 1 − αn rn 2η − rn Dxn − Dp
nγ
1−
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
2
βn xn − p cn
2
1 − βn − n γ 1 − αn rn 2η − rn Dxn − Dp
2
2
1 − n γ xn − p cn
2
≤ xn − p − 1 − αn rn 2η − rn Dxn − Dp.
1−
nγ
3.90
This implies that
2 2
1 − αn rn 2η − rn Dxn − Dp ≤ xn − p − xn1 − p cn .
3.91
In view of the restrictions C2 and C7, we obtain that
lim Dxn − Dp 0.
n→∞
3.92
32
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Let p ∈ Θ : ∞
n1 FTn ∩ EPF, D ∩ VIE, B. Since un Trn xn − rn Dxn and Trn is firmly
nonexpansive Lemma 2.6, then we obtain
un − p2 Tr xn − rn Dxn − Tr p − rn Dp2
n
n
≤ Trn xn − rn Dxn − Trn p − rn Dp , un − p
xn − rn Dxn − p − rn Dp , un − p
≤
1 xn − rn Dxn − p − rn Dp 2 un − p2
2
2 −xn − rn Dxn − p − rn Dp − un − p 3.93
1 xn − p2 un − p2 − xn − un − rn Dxn − Dp 2
2
1 xn − p2 un − p2 − xn − un 2 2rn xn − un , Dxn − Dp
2
2 −rn2 Dxn − Dp .
So, we obtain
un − p2 ≤ xn − p2 − xn − un 2 2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp.
3.94
Therefore, we have
xn1 − p2 1 −
Wn θn − p2 1 − n γ βn xn − p2 cn
2 2
≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2
≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2 un − p 2θn − un , un − p
nγ
1−
1 − βn −
nγ
2
βn xn − p cn
nγ
2
θn − un 2 1 − n γ 1 − n γ − βn un − p
2
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
≤ 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2
2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − p − xn − un 2 2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
≤ 1−
nγ
2 1−
1 − βn −
nγ
nγ
1 − βn −
nγ
θn − un un − p 1 −
nγ
2
βn xn − p cn
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
33
2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − p
− 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − un 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
2
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p 1 − n γ βn xn − p cn
2 2
1 − n γ xn − p − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − un 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p cn
2 xn − p2 − 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − un 2
1 − 2 nγ nγ
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p cn
2 2 2
≤ xn − p n γ xn − p 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2
− 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ xn − un 2
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ 2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p cn .
3.95
It follows that
1−
1 − βn − n γ xn − un 2
2 2 2
2
≤ xn − p − xn1 − p n γ xn − p
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2 1 − n γ 1 − βn −
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p cn
2
2
≤ xn − xn1 xn − p xn1 − p n γ xn − p
nγ
1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un 2 1 − n γ 1 − βn −
2 1 − n γ 1 − βn − n γ θn − un un − p cn .
nγ
2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
nγ
2rn xn − un Dxn − Dp
3.96
Using
n
→ 0, cn → 0 as n → ∞, 3.48, 3.88, and 3.92, we obtain
lim xn − un 0.
n→∞
3.97
34
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Since lim infn → ∞ rn > 0, we obtain
xn − un lim 1 xn − un 0.
lim n→∞
rn n → ∞ rn
3.98
xn − θn ≤ xn − un un − θn ,
3.99
Note that
and thus from 3.88 and 3.97, we have
lim xn − θn 0.
3.100
Wn θn − θn ≤ Wn θn − xn xn − θn .
3.101
n→∞
Observe that
Applying 3.53 and 3.100, we obtain
lim Wn θn − θn 0.
3.102
n→∞
Let W be the mapping defined by 2.11. Since {θn } is bounded, applying Lemma 2.10 and
3.102, we have
Wθn − θn ≤ Wθn − Wn θn Wn θn − θn −→ 0 as n −→ ∞.
3.103
Step 5. We claim that lim supn → ∞ A − γfz, z − xn ≤ 0, where z is the unique solution of
the variational inequality A − γfz, x − z ≥ 0, for all x ∈ Θ.
Since z PΘ I − A γfz is a unique solution of the variational inequality 3.5, to
show this inequality, we choose a subsequence {θni } of {θn } such that
lim A − γf z, z − θni lim sup A − γf z, z − θn .
i→∞
n→∞
3.104
Since {θni } is bounded, there exists a subsequence {θnij } of {θni } which converges weakly to
w. From Wθn − θn → 0, we
w ∈ E. Without loss of generality, we can assume that θni
w. Next, We show that w ∈ Θ, where Θ : ∞
obtain Wθni
n1 FTn ∩ EPF, D ∩ VIE, B.
a First, we prove w ∈ EPF, D.
Since un Trn xn − rn Dxn , we know that
1
F un , y Dxn , y − un y − un , un − xn ≥ 0,
rn
∀y ∈ E.
3.105
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
35
From A2, we also have
Dxn , y − un 1
y − un , un − xn ≥ −F un , y ≥ F y, un .
rn
3.106
Replacing n by ni , we have
Dxni , y − uni
un − xni
y − uni , i
rni
≥ F y, uni .
3.107
For any t with 0 < t ≤ 1 and y ∈ E, let ϕt ty 1 − tz. Since y ∈ E and z ∈ E, we have ϕt ∈ E.
So, from 3.107 we have
un − xni
F ϕt , uni
ϕt − uni , Dϕt ≥ ϕt − uni , Dϕt − Dxni , ϕt − uni − ϕt − uni , i
rni
≥ ϕt − uni , Dϕt − Duni ϕt − uni , Duni − Dxni − ϕt − uni ,
uni − xni
F ϕt , uni .
rni
3.108
Since D is Lipschitz continuous, from 3.97, we have Duni − Dxni → 0 as i → ∞.
Further, from the monotonicity of D, we get that
ϕt − uni , Dϕt − Duni ≥ 0.
3.109
It follows from A4 and 3.108 that
ϕt − z, Dϕt ≥ F ϕt , z .
3.110
From A1, A4, and 3.110, we also have
0 F ϕt , ϕt ≤ tF ϕt , y 1 − tF ϕt , z
≤ tF ϕt , y 1 − t ϕt − z, Dϕt
3.111
tF ϕt , y 1 − tt y − z, Dϕt ,
and hence
F ϕt , y 1 − t y − z, Dϕt ≥ 0.
3.112
36
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Letting t → ∞ in the above inequality, we have, for each y ∈ E,
F z, y y − z, Dz ≥ 0.
3.113
Thus z ∈ EPF, D.
.
b Next, we show that w ∈ ∞
n1 FT
n
∈ FW. Since xn − θn →
By Lemma 2.9, we have FW ∞
n1 FTn . Assume w /
w i → ∞ and w /
Ww, and it follows by the Opial’s condition
0, we know that θni
Lemma 2.3 that
lim infθni − w < lim infθni − Ww
i→∞
i→∞
≤ lim infθni − Wθni Wθni − Ww
i→∞
3.114
< lim infθni − w,
i→∞
that is a contradiction. Thus, we have w ∈ FW ∞
n1 FTn .
c Finally, Now we prove that w ∈ VIE, B. Define,
T w1 ⎧
⎨Bw1 NE w1 ,
if w1 ∈ E,
⎩∅,
∈ E.
if w1 /
3.115
Since B is relaxed u, v-cocoercive and condition C6, we have
2 2
2
Bx − By, x − y ≥ −uBx − By vx − y ≥ v − uξ2 x − y ≥ 0,
3.116
which yields that B is monotone. Then, T is maximal monotone. Let w1 , w2 ∈ GT . Since
w2 − Bw1 ∈ NE w1 and θn ∈ E, we have w1 − θn , w2 − Bw1 ≥ 0. On the other hand, from
θn PE kn − τn Bkn , we have
w1 − θn , θn − kn − τn Bkn ≥ 0,
3.117
and hence
θn − kn Bkn
w1 − θn ,
τn
≥ 0.
3.118
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
37
Therefore, we have
w1 − θni , w ≥ w1 − θni , Bw1 θni − kni ≥ w1 − θni , Bw1 − w1 − θni ,
Bkni
τni
θni − kni w1 − θni , Bw1 − Bkni −
τni
θni − kni w1 − θni , Bv − Bθni w1 − θni , Bθni − Bkni − w1 − θni ,
τni
θni − kni ≥ w1 − θni , Bθni − Bkni − w1 − θni ,
,
τni
3.119
which implies that
w1 − w, w2 ≥ 0.
3.120
Since T is maximal monotone, we have w ∈ T −1 0 and hence w ∈ VIE, B. That is, w ∈ Θ,
where Θ : ∞
n1 FTn ∩ EPF, D ∩ VIE, B. Since z PΘ I − A γfz, it follows that
lim sup A − γf z, z − xn lim sup A − γf z, z − θn n→∞
n→∞
lim A − γf z, z − θni i→∞
3.121
A − γf z, z − w ≤ 0.
On the other hand, we have
A − γf z, z − Wn θn A − γf z, xn − Wn θn A − γf z, z − xn ≤ A − γf zxn − Wn θn A − γf z, z − xn .
3.122
From 3.53 and 3.121, we obtain that
lim supγfz − Az, Wn θn − z ≤ 0.
n→∞
3.123
Step 6. Finally, we show that {xn } and {un } converge strongly to z PΘ I − A γfz.
38
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
Indeed, from 3.4 and Lemma 2.4, we obtain
2
xn1 − z2 n γfWn xn βn xn 1 − βn I − n AWn θn − z
2
1 − βn I − n AWn θn − z βn xn − z n γfWn xn − Az
2
2
1 − βn I − n AWn θn − z βn xn − z n2 γfWn xn − Az
2βn n xn − z, γfWn xn − Az
2 n 1 − βn I − n A Wn θn − z, γfWn xn − Az
2
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − z βn xn − z n2 γfWn xn − Az
2βn n γxn − z, fWn xn − fz 2βn n xn − z, γfz − Az
2 1 − βn γ n Wn θn − z, fWn xn − fz
2 1 − βn n Wn θn − z, γfz − Az − 2 n2 AWn θn − z, γfz − Az,
2
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ Wn θn − z βn xn − z n2 γfWn xn − Az
2βn n γxn − zfWn xn − fz 2βn n xn − z, γfz − Az
2 1 − βn γ n Wn θn − zfWn xn − fz
2 1 − βn n Wn θn − z, γfz − Az − 2 n2 AWn θn − z, γfz − Az,
2
2
≤ 1 − βn − n γ θn − z βn xn − z n2 γfWn xn − Az
2βn n γxn − zfWn xn − fz 2βn n xn − z, γfz − Az
2 1 − βn γ n θn − zfWn xn − fz 2 1 − βn n Wn θn − z, γfz − Az
− 2 n2 AWn θn − z, γfz − Az
≤
1 − βn −
nγ
xn − z βn xn − z
2
2
n γfWn xn 2
− Az
2βn n γαxn − z2 2βn n xn − z, γfz − Az
2 1 − βn γ n αxn − z2
2 1 − βn n Wn θn − z, γfz − Az − 2 n2 AWn θn − z, γfz − Az
2
2
1 − n γ 2βn n γα 2 1 − βn γ n α xn − z2 n2 γfWn xn − Az
2βn n xn − z, γfz − Az 2 1 − βn
n Wn θn
− z, γfz − Az
− 2 n2 AWn θn − z, γfz − Az
2
xn − z2 γ 2 n2 xn − z2 n2 γfWn xn − Az
2βn n xn − z, γfz − Az 2 1 − βn n Wn θn − z, γfz − Az
2 n2 AWn θn − zγfz − Az
≤ 1 − 2 γ − αγ
n
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
39
1 − 2 γ − αγ n xn − z2
2
n n γ 2 xn − z2 γfWn xn − Az 2AWn θn − zγfz − Az
2βn xn − z, γfz − Az 2 1 − βn Wn θn − z, γfz − Az .
3.124
Since {xn }, {fWn xn }, and {Wn θn } are bounded, we can take a constant M > 0 such that
2
γ 2 xn − z2 γfWn xn − Az 2AWn θn − zγfz − Az ≤ M
3.125
for all n ≥ 0. It then follows that
xn1 − z2 ≤ 1 − ln xn − z2 3.126
n σn ,
where
ln 2 γ − αγ n ,
σn n M 2βn xn − z, γfz − Az 2 1 − βn Wn θn − z, γfz − Az.
3.127
Using C1, 3.121, and 3.123, we get ln → 0, ∞
n1 ln ∞ and lim supn → ∞ σn /ln ≤ 0.
Applying Lemma 2.13 to 3.126, we conclude that xn → z in norm. Finally, noticing un −
z Trn xn − rn Dxn − Trn z − rn Dz ≤ xn − z, we also conclude that un → z in norm.
This completes the proof.
Corollary 3.4. Let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let F : E×E → R
be a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A4), let B : E → H be relaxed u, v-cocoercive and ξ-Lipschitz
continuous mappings, and let {Tn } be an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of E into itself
∅. Let f be a contraction mapping of E into itself
such that Θ : ∞
n1 FTn ∩ EPF ∩ VIE, B /
with α ∈ 0, 1. Let {xn }, {yn }, {kn }, and {un } be sequences generated by
x1 ∈ E chosen arbitrary,
1
F un , y y − un , un − xn ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ E,
rn
yn ϕn un 1 − ϕn Wn PE un − δn Bun ,
kn αn xn 1 − αn Wn PE yn − λn Byn ,
xn1 n fWn xn βn xn γn Wn PE kn − τn Bkn ,
3.128
∀n ≥ 1,
where {Wn } is the sequence generated by 1.24 and { n }, {αn }, {ϕn }, and {βn } are sequences in
0, 1 and {rn } is a real sequence in 0, ∞ satisfying the following conditions:
C1
βn γn 1,
C2 limn → ∞ n 0, ∞
n1
n
n
∞,
40
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
C4 limn → ∞ αn limn → ∞ ϕn 0,
C5 0 < lim infn → ∞ βn ≤ lim supn → ∞ βn < 1,
C6 limn → ∞ |λn1 − λn | limn → ∞ |δn1 − δn | limn → ∞ |τn1 − τn | 0,
C7 {τn }, {λn }, {δn } ⊂ a, b for some a, b with 0 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 2v − uξ2 /ξ2 , v > uξ2 .
Then, {xn } and {un } converge strongly to a point z ∈ Θ, where z PΘ fz.
Proof. Put A I, γ ≡ 1, γn 1− n −βn , D 0 :the zero mapping and { n } 0 in Theorem 3.3.
Then yn vn un , and for any η > 0, we see that
2
Dx − Dy, x − y ≥ ηDx − Dy ,
3.129
∀x, y ∈ E.
Let {rn } be a sequence satisfying the restriction: c ≤ rn ≤ d, where c, d ∈ 0, ∞. Then we can
obtain the desired conclusion easily from Theorem 3.3.
Corollary 3.5. Let E be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let {Tn } be an
infinite family of nonexpansive mappings of E into itself and let B : E → H be relaxed u, v
∅. Let f :
cocoercive and ξ-Lipschitz continuous mappings such that Θ : ∞
n1 FTn ∩ VIE, B /
E → E be a contraction mapping with 0 < α < 1 and let A be a strongly positive linear bounded
operator on H with coefficient γ > 0 and 0 < γ < γ/α. Let {xn },{yn }, and {kn } be sequences
generated by
xn1
x1 ∈ E chosen arbitrary,
yn ϕn xn 1 − ϕn Wn PE xn − δn Bxn ,
kn αn xn 1 − αn Wn PE yn − λn Byn ,
n γfWn xn βn xn 1 − βn I − n A Wn PE kn − τn Bkn ,
3.130
∀n ≥ 1,
where {Wn } is the sequence generated by 1.24 and { n }, {αn }, {ϕn }, and {βn } are sequences in
0, 1 satisfying the following conditions:
C1 limn → ∞
n
0,
∞
n1 n
∞,
C2 limn → ∞ αn limn → ∞ ϕn 0,
C3 0 < lim infn → ∞ βn ≤ lim supn → ∞ βn < 1,
C4 limn → ∞ |λn1 − λn | limn → ∞ |δn1 − δn | limn → ∞ |τn1 − τn | 0,
C5 {τn }, {λn }, {δn } ⊂ a, b for some a, b with 0 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 2v − uξ2 /ξ2 , v > uξ2 .
Then, {xn } converges strongly to a point z ∈ Θ, where z PΘ I − A γfz, which solves the
variational inequality
A − γf z, x − z ≥ 0,
∀x ∈ Θ,
3.131
Journal of Inequalities and Applications
41
which is the optimality condition fot the minimization problem
min
x∈Θ
1
Ax, x − hx ,
2
3.132
where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., h x γfx for x ∈ H).
Proof. Put D 0, Fx, y 0 for all x, y ∈ E and rn 1 for all n ∈ N in Theorem 3.3. Then, we
have un PC xn xn . So, by Theorem 3.3, we can conclude the desired conclusion easily.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their thanks to the Faculty of Science KMUTT Research
Fund for their financial support. The first author was supported by the Faculty of Applied
Liberal Arts RMUTR Research Fund and King Mongkut’s Diamond scholarship for fostering
special academic skills by KMUTT. The second author was supported by the Thailand
Research Fund and the Commission on Higher Education under Grant no. MRG5180034.
Moreover, the authors are extremely grateful to the referees for their helpful suggestions that
improved the content of the paper.
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