4
a
4)ick
W;
"d
4
$oRIA$oP
0Ntr$$n fnmltcTloD{
IN ffiMOR
o
Sclencc Center,
Norabcr 27,
L%?
Held at
Hcld
the Marine
tbrtnc Science
Ccnter, Newport,
f,enpor*, November
Zl t 1967
at the
I
Içt4'oduction
Introductlon
o
o
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
Stats Untrmalty
rlth research
0rcgon
bac bren
cngeged with
ogreterc and
Oregon State
University has
been engaged
rescerch on
sr oysters
bfi?alva
and other
othcr bivalve
gl,nco e
uol."[ucca
molluscs since
a rnell nar*ne
marine leboratory
laboratory uas
was established
Bqy in
cr Taquina
larytna Bay
tn 1939.
ectabltsh€d on
L?39.
pollutLon
ttttttl vertrr
Until
very rcccntly
recently the
the Frogran
program of
of nsgcarch
researchhcs
hascu$aslaed
emasized estuarine
cetuarC.nc pollution
prlp mill
fran
fra pulp
nlll effluents.
cf,f,Luents, ?arpancicr
of university
unJ.wralty facilities
facilltier
Expansion of
for
for applied
appllcd fish-.
f,laber{.es research
rssearch wtth
the Pacific
eries
with completion
conr!il.etLonof
of the
Paclflc Fisheries
Rldrerlss Laboratory
Iaboratory in
tn 1965
Xg6j has
hss
allowed
the Unllleralty
University to
to intensify
cooperative
with the
ellored thc
cooperatl,vc research
rccearch trlth
*lsh Ccemiesicn
lntentif!
thc Fish
Cffitad,on
of Oregon
Oregcr on
of
m the
technolqr of
of rearing
the technology
epat in
hgtoher*cc. The
nrs University
reartng oyster
tn hatcheries.
$nlversi.ty
ryeter spat
poposrd to
progran on
tihe program
hat
of oysters
has proposed
hatchery culture
to enlarge
enlarge the
on hatctrsry
culture of
ogatere under
unilsr National
ilattonal
Fondettqr Sea
Science
ScLencsFoundation
Gnant Programs.
Sea Grant
hogreas.
pLannsd programs
pnerent a,nd
prqgramo of
of tlre
of, research
Purposes
the rrork*rop
workshop nere
were to
to rerrler
review present
and planned
Purpoceo of
rcscerch
pnoblens of
*ttn
cptsra in
with oysters
ln Oregon
Oregon and
a,rd to
to discuss
dtaouaa problems
of the
thc oyster
ogreter grower.
This
report
lhtc
rcpgrt
lrorfirr
govrtlnncn0' in-.
eun!narizes
the di.scusslora
discussions at
at thc
the lforkshop.
Workshop. Rcpreaentetivec
ruonerl.aes the
Representatives of
of government,
Lnps$fcipated in
ard education
education attended
attenled the
duetry,
disduotry, and
tlrs workshop
work*rop and
e$l participated
infort*l
thc informal
dLrtn the
perttetpettlc are requested
cussions.
cuggimg. The
The participants
queattonaatn
rcqu€stcd to complete
ccnpl.etc the
thc attechcd
attached questionnaire
rsturn it
and return
tt to
to the
l{ard.ns Science
snd
thc Marine
Scienae Center.
Cantor.
Welcome
Wclecoe
IH,IL trlck,
of bctcnaion
CoordJnator of
Bill
Wick, Coordinator
Extension Programs
Marine Sclcncc
Science Center,
briefl'
Prqrana at
tha t{Erdne
at the
Centcr, br{.offy
degor{.bod the
described
at thc
the Ccntcr
Center end
and their
their ffnaqr
primary f,unsttons,
functions. He
t}e facilities
facllltl"eg
at
lls discussed
dlsrrrmd
progreill of
prbltc ring
pqrans of
cducetl,on in
of education
the public
of, education
programs
wing and
and rarerch
research
ln the
and programs
cducatlon enl
thc !aquina
Ln the
laqutna Usrin€
Btolqr Laboratory
leboratory and
ttrc Pacific
Paclfic Fidrenicc
in
Marine Biology
Fisheries leboratory.
Laboratory.
and the
Ihc cmplcuentar5r
potntcd out
The
complementary nsture
nature of
of lhc
the prograns
programsnea
wascophastzed.
emiMeized. He
that scv1evHc pointed
out tha,t
(OceanqgreFhXrEldrer{.ca
aral UnLvcrulty
era).
University Deppr"bnente
Departments (Oceanografty,
Fisheries arid
Wildlife, Engineering,
erd tllld1ifc,
&1g5,nserlng,
pa$lcipete dtrcotly
Zool.ogr,
8nd Botany)
Zoology, and
directly in
at the
the Cortor
Center rtth
with Str*e
State ad
and
Bot$y) participate
!.n programs
lrogmru at
(nf* Coemiesion
Fcderel agencies
agencl.ea (Fish
Cmlgclon of
of fregcr,
Federal
Oregon, 0rcgcr
Oregon Oaas
Game Omlacton,
Conmiesion, Fcdcrral
Federal lfattr
Water
Pollutim Control
Contnol Add.ntgtratlor,
Federal &rrd.rorwntel
Pollution
Administration, Federal
Environmental Sclencer
Sciences AdraLn5.etratLm,
Administration,
U. S.
and
td U.
S. Fish
R[dr and
anl Wildlife
Wl]dllfe Service).
Sernlce).
Orsroqr
8&rtc Unlvcrettq
8se.Cgl&Prory
Plary4nr
Prnt5
U4y itvjl
pgn P.q*4n
holfl.c El,chenlec
Bill
McNeil, Pacific
Fisheries lrboratorlr,
Laboratory, diocuceed
discussed the
the See
Sea Gnent
Grant Colltcgc
College rd
and
F.11 ISI[el.L,
Prograns
Programs lct
Act of
of XS6
1966 8nd
and tadtcated
indicated that
that ttre
the prpoee
purpose of
of thc
the rLct
Actnas
was toto Sfilflsts
st4'ilte
dcvelopnrnt and
utlXLmtLon of
developnent
and utilization
of marine
nartnc resources.
rBtollrcea. The
ttre Act
Act is
1r administered
edntnlotcrod through
thrci{b
l{aticral Science
the
the National
Scl,ence Foundation.
Foutd-atlm. Oregon
Oregm State
lin:lwre!.ty hac
State University
has prcpered
prepared a popal
proposal
Ingtttuttonol
proposal r*e,s
for a
a $ca
Sea Grant
Grant Institutional
Program
Prqgran in
for
Oregor. The
Ln Oregon.
Ttre proposal
was subaitted
in
ahlttrd
tn
to the
Scptenber 1967
1S? to
t{etlonal Science
September
t'tra National
Sciencc Foundation
Foudatlqr for
f,or evaluation.
ernhretLon.
propoeal is
sur proposal
If our
If
and funded,
the llnlveratty
University ntll
will rrnicrt*ks
undertake aryinfGd
expanded
funded, the
la approved
appnovud erd
nar{.nc
programs
in
marine
fisheries,
aquiculture,
marine
economics,
seafood
technology,
ln
f,Ldrcriec,
agrrlculturer
nar{,nc
ec*rod.esr
acafood tcctrnelry,
Prograne
oceatrognrphy,
ocean engineering,
erglncer{.n9, ocean
oc€an law,
oceancgrajIy, ocean
lrrr, and
end marine
nar{.ne technologist
technolqtat training.
trelnlng.
perccnt of
l+5 percent
tbout 45
of, the
tlrc funds
finda requested
About
will be
45 perbf OSU
regreatcd by
OSUilut
b used
for research,
ueed for
rcccarah, 4t
Farperccnt for
ccnt for
for training,
training, and
cent
ard 10
10 percent
for extension
cxtenalon services.
scrrrlces. Facilities
FaoLlltics at
Corralll.a,
at Corvallis,
gchool of
(Unlversity of
(mU Seatood
Er.geue(University
of Oregon
OregonSchool
Lar), Astor{a
Eugene
Astoria (OSU
Seafood Is,bontory
Laboratory end,
and
of Law),
t.
lo
I
o
(Uartne
C].atsop
College), $etarts
Netarts gay
Bay (lqtlfcuLture
(Aquiculture Reaearch
Research Reserve),
Reserve), Nemport
Newport (Marine
Clatsop College),
(Uartne
be used
Science
d Port
Research Station)
will be
ScLenceCenter),
Center), and
Port Orford
Statton) will
ueed to
to
Orford (Marine Research
imp].ement aa Sea
Sea Grant
Grant Progra,n
Program in
in Oregon,
Oregon.
furplenent
place emphasis
on a technologr
technology for
for eultur{.ng
culturing
Proposed research
regearch in
Proposed
will place
ln aquiculture
enpfirasis on
aqrrlcrrlture wl.IL
pnogran vrith
with oysters
o6rster
oysters is
ig scheduled
to
oyster spat
spat in
ln hatcheries.
hatcheries. Ultimately
tlltinately the
the program
scheduLd to
of rearing
Lnclude studies
of improved
rear{.ng oysters
oysterE
include
methods of
etudLes of
of selective
selective breeding
breedlng and
lmproved nethode
and of
to a harvestable
hanresteble size.
Bi.ze.
to a
o
gonernnentand
proposal emphasizes
work with
vdtlr government
cooperatlve wOrk
The
OSU Sea
Sea Grant Program
the OSU
Prqgran proposal
enpraeizee cooperative
and
provlde
to
econou{r
industry
to
provide
direct
feed-back
to
the
economy
J.ndustry. The
The research
reseatrch is
direct
feed-h,ck
ls intended
to
lntended
Oyster
of
cultt:rc could
couLd
or coaEtal
coastal ereas
areas througb
through the
the creetlon
creation of
of Model
Model Port
Port Systens.
Systems
Oyeter culture
on Tillamook,
l{etarts, Iaqutne,
become an
Model Port
Systems on
Yaquina,
become
tmportant element
of Model
Port Systems
an important
elenent of
Tlllanook, Netarts,
arid
Coos Bays.
Bays.
and Coos
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Hletorn and
and t\rture
Orecon State
History
FuturefofCyst
er_Culture
University
Oveter
Culture Research
Reeearchat
at Oregon
State UnLversltv
Wtlbur Breeee,
pd.oneer{.ngwork
Wilbur
Paciflc Flgher.Les
reese, Pacific
Fisheries taboratory,
Laboratory, deecr{.bed
described pioneering
work on
the
on the
(Olyrnpd.a
uegtern
or
western (Olympia or Yaquina)
Yaquina) oyster
oyEter initiated
before the
initiated by
by Professor
Profeasor Dimick
Dlnick before
the
second
second world
world war.
war. After
After the
war, the
the war,
on oysters
cgrstere emphabiol,oglcal studies
studiea on
emphsttre biological
pol-lutlon.
sized
slzed pollution. Pregently
Presently the progra,m
program is
its emphasis
applied probts shifting
drifblng tte
enprasla to
to applled
fobqrster spat.
lene of
of hatchery
hatcherXrculture
lems
cuLture of
of oyster
sp&t.
University and
snd Fish
University
CmJ.sel,on biologists
PecL*lc Fisheries
lllsh Commission
blologists at
the Pacific
at the
Fldrcrl.ea Laboratory are
splrning
spawning ueetern,
western, European,
European, Pacific
oysters and
and rear{.ng
rearing msll
small nunnumPacific and
Kuanoto oystere
and Kumainoto
bers of
of their
bers
young through
their young
througlr larval
Ttre technology
technologr is
lenra1 stages.
stages. The
le largely
lergely adapted
edepted
from that
that developed
developed bf
from
by the
the U.S.
of Commercial
Cmercl"al Fisheries
U.S, Bureau
Bureau of
FLsher:Leeat
at Milford,
Milford,
Connecticut. Lltrited
Connecticut.
numbergof
of wegterrr,
Limited numbers
western, European,
European, and
Paelflc oysters
end Pacific
ogretero have
heve been
been
pil.anted in
grorbh and
in Yaquina
good.
planted
Taquine and
and Netarts
Netarta Bays.
Eays. Their
suniral has
and survival
Sreir growth
has been
been good.
Tlre Botany
Botany Depertnent
The
Department at
OSU is
is cooperating
with workers
workers at
Marine Sclence
Science
at OSU
cooperating lrlth
t'he l{er{.ne
at the
Center
ral.se algae
to raise
aE food for
Center to
larval and
oysters.
algae as
for larvel
oysters.
One
troubleOne
and juvenile
troubleJurrenile
pnobLehin
sone problem
prducing spat
Ln developing
devel,oping aa hatchery
hatcheqy technology
pnosome
technology for
for producing
spet is
Lato
to pro.
vide
proper type for
adequte food
presently culture
vide adequate
larvae
food of
of the proper
oyster lailrae.
We
for oyster
Wepresently
culture
two
of food algae which afford
two typee
types of
afford satisfactory
diets for
eatisfactory diete
oystera but
for larval
larrral oysters
w?tich are
are difficult
difficrrlt
grow in
quantity.
which
to
large
quantity.
to grow
University
botanists
have sucin Large
UniversLty bortaniEts h&ve
auccessfuLly
pnmiae
lsolated
orther
of
cessfully isolated other forms
bay rater
water ntrlch
which hold promise as
forms of algae from
frcn bay
as food
f,ood
organiena for
for ogrster
planned on
organisms
oyster J.arvae,
larvae, and
and teets
tests are planned
use of
these food organon the use
organof those
isms. Experiments
ims.
Bcpertnents are
pnoductlon of
ere also
tire two
also underway
undenrrayto
increaEe production
of the
to increase
tlro conunonly
comonltrr
used food
used
food organisms.
organrims.
production of
(ueeternr European,
PLLot
Pilot production
of four
four kinle
kinds of
of qrster
oyster spat
European, PacLflo,
Pacific, anil
and
spat (western,
provide
Kunanoto)
rrill
young
pl"anting at
oyeters for
Kumamoto) will provide young oysters
ercperlmental planting
for experimental
at all
eLl, seasons.
seesons.
Already
planted European
have successfully
Already we
we have
western oysters
oysters in
baya
succeesf\rlly planted
Europeanand
and weetern
in Oregon
Oregonbays
as
aa early
early as
as March
March. S'tdlar
Similar enperi.ments
experiments are
are planned
planned w:ith
with Paclfic
Pacific and
andKrrnamsto
Kummoto
oryrsters.
oysters.
$election and
planned. PreLfninary
arxt testing
testlng of
of artificial
Selection
cuitch
is also
artLflcial
cultch material
naterial is
Preliminary
aleo planned.
teEts are
are underway
undenray on
on aa variety
of synthetic
tests
which wilJ'
will be
with
variety of
synthetlc materials
be compared
conpared rtitlr
nateriaLs u?rich
goon to
o!rcter
provide Oregon
growerE with
oyster shell.
shell. We
Wehope
quantihope soon
lrtth small
to provide
Oregonoyster
oyster growers
snaLl quantities of
of hatchery
pLantings.
hatchery oysters
ties
oysters for
triaL plantings.
for trial
pnoblemnow
biggest problem
lbe biggest
The
nglr is
is financing.
these studies
flnancLng. University
Universlty support
support for
fon theEe
Ls
studLes is
very limited
very
li.nited for
current biennium.
the current
for the
bienuirrn. The
Commission hae
has enabled
The Fish
enabLedthe
nistl Cffiission
O
2
2
o
of Commercial
Comercial
&reau of
supplied by
continuation
this research
with money
money supplied
by the Bureau
reeearch rrlth
of this
continuation of
eontlnuto
in$r€
forthcoming
to
insure
continuwtli
te
forthcontng
fund; will be
Grant funds
Fisheries.
tnat Sea
$ea Grant
Wehope
tropethat
F,isheriee. We
program.
of the
ation
the program.
ation of
io
a
about conconprofessor Breese's
dlscussion about
mrch discussion
pnesentatlon, there
there was
Following
was much
Breesets presentation,
FolLor+irrgProfessor
grouers
that
oyster
pointed
to
It
was
pointed
out
to
the
the
oyster
growers
that
out
progran, ft rras
thj,s program.
tinued
for this
tinued support for
University
for University
suppod for
"f,pporg
commodity
groups veqp
very ofleriinfluence
often influence $tate
State l"egsslative
Legislative support
comodltpirqrpE
oyster
University
oyster
University
support
to support
adeqrrateto
funds adequate
for funds
prograns. AI request
reqrrest for
reEeerchresearch programs.
gr99P,
comodity
fran
a
commodity
group,
research i'or-ttre
for the 1967-69
biennium had
had no
no apparent
apparent support
support frcm a
L96?49 blennlm
research
dld
Legislature did
0regcnrLegislature
However, the
the Oregon
Horcever,
and the budget
budget request uas
was greatly
greatly reduced.reduced
and
the
If
the
Progr"ans. If
Grant Programs.
of rnatching
authorize $5OO,OOtj
$500,000 of
matching $tate
State money
money for
for Sea
Sea Grant
of
this state
money
atate money
of this
proposal-,
sone
"otho"ir"
OSU
the
National
Science
Foundation
approves
the
OSU
proposal,
some
eppnoves
Fourdation
National Science
reEearch.
oyster research.
for oyster
could be
be made
nede available
available for
sould
o
o
Fish Caumission Oyster Culture Research and Management
of
responsLblJ'ltiec of
of Oregon,
Oregoarr_brief?g^outlined
Dale
briefly outlined the responsib.1ities
!l[sh Commission
CmisEion of
Snon, Fish
DaLeSnow,
deand
heindustry,
and
he
oyster
lrulustqy,
oyster
tg the
the
arst iegufatlon
Commission
in nanageuent
management and
regulation of
Cmleelon ln
the
'Fcribed
between the
the UalUnicuLttrre betlreen
oyster culture
on oyster
program of
reseerch on
of research
peribed the
cooperativl program
the cooperative
presently
financed
ig presently financed by
The
cooperative research is
The cooperative
the Ccemission.
Cmissiln.
ersity and
iersltv
ant the
tttE througll the
88*309 through
Law 88-309
hrbLic ta&r
under Public
avaitable under
the
with money
money nade
made available
C.frooisslon nith
tft" Commission
provide
echno1ogy
to provide aa technol'€y
is lntended
The research
intended to
reeeanch is
oi C.rm.tcial
ureau of'
Commercial Fietreries,
Fisheries. Ibe
fitt"*tt
progra,n inin-Although
the
the program
Al-though
hatcheries.
cLans
ln
yo;11g
tor
culturing
young
oysters
and
and
clams
in
hatcheries.
oysters
I;-;ftil*ne
slnce
of iork, since
+olves Co*flrio"
Commission InA
and Unf*rsity
University personrieL,
personnel, there
there ls
is no
no duplicatlon
duplication of
+;i";;
oneteam.
tesn.
rork as
as one
ihe
bJ.ologists work
research biologists
!,!re research
o
Io*'
j
/
I
WE
sucW
have
have sucoysters
Krrnanoto oyeters'
on Pacific
pnesently rrndertray
4xperiments are presently
underway on
Pacific and
and Kuntamoto
f,:rperinents
naU
numbers,
and
we
hope
soon
to
and,we.L"pa.:Pi-*_
nunbers,
in
sall
ôessfuly cultured ,roung
young Lt
of uott
both Grieties
varieties in
ffi;f\lt
}rith p'oduction
""fiu""a
becone involved
lnvolved with
Ft'oductlon
iJltffid to become
do
not intend
pr-oduclion.,
piLot
engage
in
pilot
production.
We
do
not
in
lng.g"
!{e
in.agsl9tltp
However,
we
are
interested
in
assisting
xlts
interested
are
HolmveFr
ecale.
cor@erclal scale.
øf
o; ae commercial
epat on
oyster spat
bf oyster
hatcher{es.
in hatcheries.
oyster spat
spat in
produce oyster
to produce
eapabi}ity to
the oyster industry in
111developing
develodng aa capability
,[h"-6;;"-ioa11"{"y
o
Oyster
Hatcheries in
in New
New Snsland
En1and
Oveter-Hgtgherieq
a
Bu:reau
vtsited t'he
the Bureau
he visited
wtrerg he
England where
NewEngland
to New
trip to
Bill
Wick reported
his recent
on hj.s
recent trip
reported on
BlLl Wlck
pntvate
Connecticut,
and
private
and
at Mi]-ford,
of
Commercial ff.*rerieo
Fisheries Shel[flelr
Shellfish taboratory
Laboratory at
Milford, Connecticut,
of Connerciai
rae
hatcherLes
ln
oystere in hatcheries was
of oysters
culture of
on culture
Researchon
IsLand Sound.
$ound. Research
on Long
hatcheries
Long Island
hateheries on
who has-urge$
haa urged sil
1 r work
si]oJ-lar.uork
Dr. Loosanoff,
LooEanoff, wtto
yearE ago
bV'Dr.
ago by
initiated
Ml1ford many
nar{f years
at Milford
inltlated at
be
economically.
to
econmicaL\T***...
appears
cysters
Culture
of
spat
of
eastern
oysters
appears
to
be
ol
s$,t
coaEt,
CuLture
west
on
the
west
coast.
on the
eletern oyster is eLuiler to that of tJrE Pacific
Life
history of
the eastern
of the
Life history
feasible.
ir""fuf".
bei-ug;"4eveiloped
technology being.-developed
betw€en
slnilarities
irany
oyster,
and
there
are
many
similarities
between the
the technology
oyJt-r, and there are
l{ll-ford.
and
that
which
was
developed
at Milford.
w?rtch'uraE
developed...at
that
and
Laboratory
Elsheries
at
Pacific Fisheries
ttt"'Paciflc
ei the
oyster is sirniar to that of the Pacific
o
o
of about
buildings of
one
abgut -qe
ernaLl butldtags
occutrrysmall
Island Sound
Commercial hatcheries
hatcheries on
Long Island
Sound occupy
on Long
ComerciaL
from
obtalned
f,ron
J.s
oyrber
larvae
In
some
instances
food
for
oyster
larvae
is
obtained
for
f,ood
feet. In solneinetanceE
thousand
square feet.
thousand square
obtalned
commonly
food
is
obtained
food
ie
npuren
but
nore
cormonly
"pure" cultures
maintained in
the laboratory,
laboratory, but more
tn the
cul.fures nainta-lned
impregtlles, ^impnegHlaslie tiles,
water. Plastic
sea water
raw sea
centr{-fqed raw
l-n centrifuged
by natqral
natural growth
growth of
of algae
al-gae in
by
proThe
cost
of
proof
cost
The
collect
spat.
spatcol*leet
to
ueed to
are sometunes
sonetlmes used
nated
strell, are
oyster shell,
with oyster
nated with
per bushel
bushel.
ducing spat
ts near
near $7.00
spat is
$?.OOper
o
3
.
o
Grster Culture
Oyster
Culture irr
in Japen
Jpian
o
Chcster
Cheater Wachenuth
Wachemuth of
Oregon Oyster
Oyster Conpeny
Company lntroduced
introduced Lee
Lee Wlegardt
Wiegardt of
Wiegardt
of Oregon
of Wlegarrtt
Brothers, Inc.
processing of
Brothers,
Inc. Lee
color movie
oyster spat
Lee showed
chowedaa color
novie on
on processing
of oyster
spet in
ln Japen,
Japan,
ard
yong oyster
and he
he di.Ecuosed
discussed problens
problems of
of obtaining
obtainl.ng an
an adequate
adequate supply
supply of
of young
cysterp from
frm
Japan.
Japan.
o
ProductLon of
of oyster
o5rster spat
Production
spat in
tn Japan
Japan hag
has been
been inadequate
inadequate to
to supply
supply the needs
neede of
Pacific Northwest
Northwest oystermen
past three
yesrc. Ttrere
oysternen in
two of
Pacific
of the
the past
There are indicaLn two
three years.
indLcatlons that
problen of
that the
the problem
of obtaining
obtainlrrg an
tions
young oysters
destined
an adequate
adequato supply
supply of
of young
oyeters is
is degttn€d
to becme
to
become more
nore critical.
Oyeter
pnoven to
crttical.
spet imported
inported from
Oyster spat
has thug
thus far
to
Korea has
fron Korea
far proven
be
be of
of inferior
inferlor quality.
Ereli.ty.
o
n
o
o
grorer presently
preeently pays
the oyster
oycter grower
pays $f6
per box
of oyster
The
$16 to
to $1?
$17 per
box of
delivered to
to
oyeter spat
spet dellvered
Paclflc Northwest
ports. It
Northrect ports.
Pacific
le anticipated
It is
anticipeted that
rrill increase.
that the
the cost
coet will
tncreace. Peoiftc
Pacific
NorthweEt oyster
preeently import
oyoter growers
Northwest
inport 40,000
ceges of
of oyster
oyeter spat
&OrO00to 50,000
epat
JO'OOOcases
Brorero presently
annua11r.
annually. -Itrey
They alao
also plart
plaat spat
spat obtained
obtained froun
fromnatural
naturalspenntrrg
spawningininhrgct
Pugt Sound
Sorrnd
(DabobBay)
(PenCrell Sound).
ana British
(Dabob
Bay) and
Britigh Columbia
poductlon
Oolrrrabla(Pendrell
Sound). Pacific
Pacific Northwect
Northwest production
la
is norually
normally leso
less than 201000
20,000 caees
cases anrrually
annually and
weather
and is
ie controlled
control[ed largely
largely by
b5rreat]rer
(there
is
ltttLe
(there is little natural
natural spawning
spewningin
cold summers).
surmere).
ln cold
There is
problen in
ir no
no serious
serlous problem
There
ln marketing
nerketlng Pacific
Paclfic Northwest
Northreet oysters
oysterc. If
more oyster
If nore
oyeter
spat
xere
to be
production could
spat were to
be nade
made avalLable,
available, addittonal
additional production
through l{ldrogt
Midwest
sold through
could be sold
narketl such
markets
such as
ChLcago. 61early,
productlon of
eg Chicago.
oyster spat
of oyster
Clearly, the
the production
high pripntapat is
La a hlgfi
problem whlch
ority problem
solution if
ority
which rcgutres
requires solution
if the Northwect
Northwest oyster
is to
expand.
oyster industry
industry fi
to d(tand.
gl}eqg- aagL0omrtugf.tle
ODDortunities
for the.,Orstgrpsn
the Ovst
a. fo.r.
lfProblems
on the,North
North-9oast
ontbe
Coast of
Oresog
of Ore2o
o
HayeoOyster
pnoduction in
Conpanyreported
Sam !t8l99^of,
Hayes of Hayes
Bay.
on oyster
reported on
oyeter production
tillanook Bey.
ln Tillantook
?3n
tl!-"r Company
About 3200
acres of
of Tillamook
ltllanook Bay
About
3!00 acres
Bay has
hai been
been designated
dedgnated as
oyater lands
the
as oyster
lardg by
by the
state of
of Oregon,
Oregon, but
but not
not all
State
or this
pnieently
aL[ of
lhlE area
erea is
ic presently
for grmS.ng
growing oysters
useib]e for
oyctere .
-' useable
jOO acres.
Productionr is
pnesently limited
is presently
Production
li-ntted to
to about
about 500
ecreo.
o
there have
have been
been many
uarry ecological
There
Bay over
ecolqtcal changes
charrgeoin
in Ti].lamook
Ttllanook \y
past J0
over the
the past
30 years
years
qade much
rhloh have
have made
mrch of
of the
which
the bay
bay unsuitable
unsultable for
for oyster
oyster culture.
culture,
!{arry of
Many
of the
the
origlnal deep.water
deep-water channels
chennelg have
have been
original
with mti
been filled
fllled vrtth
nrd from
fron logged
lqgged and
ana burned
UurneO
watershedo, restricting
restrLcttrg access
watersheds,
grorrds. Construction
accegEto
to many
nan5royster
oyater grounds.
Conetnrction of highways
highrayc
ttghost drrtnFn
has reduced
reduoed the
the acreage
has
acreEte of
of oyster
ogreter grounds,
grounde, "ghost
shrimp" have
have infested
many
infeeted naly
groundsr and
oyeter grounds,
po]*lutlon frm
oyster
and pollution
fran dmestlc
yarda has
sounces and
end barn
domestic sources
barn yards
hee created
crcated
problenc.
addttlonal problems
additional
o
There
ic concern
eoncern that
that deposltlon
plenned channel
There is
deposition of
wiil reof spoils
spoLls from
frm planned
channel dredging
dr€dgXngrdll
reeytt_in
{\rttrer removal
renoval of
sult
in the
the further
tidelands from
of tldelants
pnoductLon. Hwener,
frw oyster
oyeter production.
However, should
drorrld
the Port
Port Commissions
CmlssLoltg and
end the
the
the Corps
Corpe of
of Engineers
conslder the
the requirements
requirments- of
of the
!,ngtneers consider
oyoterran, dredging
oysterman,
dredging could
could be
be benefj,clal
beneficial to
to all
all interests.
interests.
rj
o
!{arkettng is
pmbl"en, since
Ls not
Marketing
not aa problem,
oLnce the supply
aupply of oysters
oysters is
to satisfy
is inadequate
inedequate to
sattef}
the demand.
the
denend. ft
It wonld
would be
be helpful
helpful if
if aa new
cultch could be
new type
type of
oictrltch
to
be developed to
satl'efy three
(1)
three criteria
satisfy
(e) no
crLteria:
(3) no
neetlng, and
(1) easy
easy slrtpent,
shipuent, (2)
no nesting,
and (3)
no flotation.
fiotetton.
gedinentatl.on problem
Eeeeuseof
of the
the sedimentation
pnoblen in
in Tillamook
Because
would be
Ti]-l-anook Bay,
Bey, it
lt would
be helpfirl
helpful to
to
glse of
detennLne the
proper age
the proper
determine
age or size
of spat
epat before
before it
gragrd.
ts distributed
1t is
dlstr.Lbuted on
tJre ground.
on the
I
o
4
4
o
chantrels w€ut
were
deep_water
only if
lf deep
Tllla,nook Bay
floating
Bay only
water channels
in Tillainook
be used
usedin
coutd be
cultqre could
Floatlng culture
pob3.ens
for
anchoflTg
anchoring
serLous problems for
ereatl serious
provlded. However,
rrtnds may
nay create
Ho,rever, high winds
to be
be provided.
to
pnofrtbtlive.
be prohibitive
cultures might
nl8ftt be
ra.f! cultures
channeli ffor
rafts,
and the
or raft
of creating
creatlng channels
cost of
the cost
rafisr'and
o
erypn
Problems .pnsJqeportqnitie
and ODDortunities
fortltg.lFret
he Osterman
PfgElgns
Ll[o,f
OrePon
on the Sputh
South goaat-of
Coast of Oregon
onJbhe
o
o
o
o
Coog Bay
Bay
oyeteman in
ln Coos
pointed out
that the
the cysterman
out that
Larry
Fame pointed
Oyeter Farms
of Qualman
Larr:f Qualman
QnralnenOyster
Qrralnan of
grourddl
grounds.
of
oyst'er
over the
the use
poeeeoeescontrol
contfol over
has little
use of oyster
he possesses
that he
1itt16 assurance
assurenee that
tras
^
gl'otecti'on
guaranteed protection
ie guaranteed
oyst'eruan is
the oysterman
neens whereby
legal means
There
be no
whereby the
to be
no legal
therc appears
appeers to
of,.Euarqntee
type of
for some
sone type
need for
la aa need
against
guarantee
and there
there is
Lther uses
tldelands, and
uses of tidelands,
against other
for continued use of
tidelands for
for oyeter
oyster farming
farming in
in moEt
most Oregon
Oregon coastEl
coastal bayo
bays lf
if
of tldeLanda
for
problen inln Til].aznook
Ttllanook Bqy
Bay uhere
where
is not
not aa problem
I?rie is
ln Oregon.
to expand
0regon. This
expandin
the industry
lldustry is
is to
grounds.
oyster grounds.
certain areas
aa oyster
are83 as
state statutes
set aside
state
statutes set
aeide certain
gerioug problem.
probJ,em. There
arc areas
areee
Ttrere are
another serious
oyster spat
epat is
ls another
Difficulty
obtaining oyster
in obtaining
Dtfficulty in
pronided there
adequate
there uere
oysters provided
lor groring
of
which could
growing oysters
were adequate
of Coos
could be
b! used
used for
Biy wtrich
Coos Bay
oyaters
of, oysters
culture of
raf,t culture
plantlng. Opportunities
for raft
Opportunities for
young
for planting.
oystere available
young oysters
arraiLable for
auitttdelandg
Ttre
Corrnty
olrns
The
County
owns
tidelands
suitCoosBay
doeper
oloughs.
are limited
to
a
few
deeper
sloughs.
ltnrtted in
in Coos
Bay to a few
""" for
theee
tldel.ando
released
have
not
eul,turL,
Ccruntogioners
eble
oyoter
but
the
able
oyster
culture,
but
the
Cemmissionera
have
not
released
these
tidelands
f,or
use.
this use.
for this
for
ItGhost shrimp"
ghrinptt are
peets could
be conconcorrld be
probLemin
Tttese pests
Bay. These
CooeBay.
in Coos
ars ae serious
serious problem
"Ghost
of
lnseatibut
the
appllaation
of
trolled through
trolled
througlr the
the application
lnsecticides, but the application of insectiapptication of insecticides,
to the
the
potential
narine
biota
ard
pnohiblted
other
to
of potential danger
cides
because of
danger to other marine biota and to
cLdes is
is prohibited becauge
publ5.c,
of the
health
the public.
health of
th-e-Oysterman
ggn+n
University .Eteg$Lop,.grd
Extension and the
9vE9.
.UFtvefgitv
o
o
o
a
o
of fishtypes of
fishthree types
outltned three
Jacobsor, OSU
OSUFishery
Spec5.al.ist, outlined
Robert Jacobson,
Sxlenelon Specialist,
Robert
Ftshery Extension
peesntly
pnactieed
Oregon:
pnogra,rns
Ln Oregon:
ery extension
nhich
ery
which are
octenslor programs
are presently practiced in
(1)
(1)
prtnary
to his
lncidental to
hte primary
wtrtch is
is incidental
Extension
rork by
btologi.st which
Exteneion work
by the
thc research
neseerch biologist
aasignnent.
assignment.
(2t
(2)
prograrrc sponsored
produeer-cooper&tLves.
bf producer-cooperatives.
E:<lensLonprograms
Extension
epcreored by
(l)
(3)
goverranent
of government
pnogralnssponsored
rrntversitles and
and agencies
agencies of
8:cbensionprograms
sponeoredby
by universities
Extension
personnel.
pnofesclonally-trained personnel.
wtrlch utilize
which
utllize professionally-trained
specialist headheadone full-time
fietrery specialist
ltre OSU
ElctengLqrService
nrll-ti-ue fishery
The
6U Extension
Senrice pregeutly
presently has one
of
quartered in
of activity
activlty of
The areat
areas of
l{ewport. Tte
in the
Lincoln County
Corlrty Courthouse,
Courthouse, Newport.
the Lincoln
quartered
theccimneroia).
cwerciel
elementeofofthe
the agent
coaatand
all elements
the
agent encompass
0negoncoast
endall
the entire
enompassthe
entire Oregon
as soon
Eoon
be increased
Lncreas€d as
the nunber
e:ctenelon specialists
speclallstE wtLl
number of
will be
flsher'5r. The
of fishery
fishery extension
fishery.
other
or from
Grant College
Prograne or
f,ron other
as
College Programs
financing can
can be
obtained through
through Sea
as financing
be obtained
Sea Orant
extension specialist
to facilitate
facilitate
of a flstrery
speciallet are to
fishery extenslon
rources. l{aJor
firnctions of
sources.
Major functions
group actions
actLons
coordinate group
and to
to coordinate
the disseninaticr
of knowledge
lcnorledge to
to the industry
Lndustry and
the
dissemination of
the assistance
lt
recelve the
eeeietance that
that it
will receive
ntrich rdll
that the industry
insure that
industry wlll
which
will help
help to insure
requires.
requires.
[.
1t4\
gonplusiorlg
Conclusions
o
a
of critical
The
workshop served
questions of
critical irnportance
importance
on two questtons
attention on
served to
to focus attention
the workahop
there is
is a need
need for
industry to
to
for the lnlustry
Flrst, there
Oregon. First,
to
oystir industry
ln Oregon.
lndustry in
to the oyster
establish lts
its ldentity
identity and
and to
to nake
make ita
its neEda
needs known
known to
to FederaL,
Federal, State,
State, ard
and loeel
local
eEtablish
the industry
induEtry to
to,,
opportunlty ffor
or the
be little
government. Second,
to be
Llttle opportunity
government.
Second, there
there appears
appearsto
tranap],antj
oysters for
for tranEpl*t#fih
oi'-yotrg
sources of
expand
able to
to dtvelop
develop new
new sources
young oysters
is-able
it is
Exparg unless it
The
grow oyster
in hatcherLeg
hatcheries is
is tjrnely,
timely, 8n#''
and
to g:now
o5reter spat
spat ln
of aa technology
technolory to
aevelopent of
ltrl developnent
posslbility of
of supporting
supporting the
the oyster
growers should
the possibility
the
seriorsly the
oyster grolrera
should consider seriously
tfie
ras suggested
thet the
auggeetedthat
It was
oyster hatchery.
hatchery, It
construction
operation of
of an
an oyster
construction and
and operation
Lincoln
Corporation corrld
could arratrge
arrange financing
financing for
for aa hatchery
hatchery through
through
DevelopmentCorporation
tlncoln Developiuent
for a hatcherly
the Small
Administration whenever
whenever the technology for
hatchery was
was
Snall. Business
Business Adninlstration
sufficiently
well adrranced
advanced to
to warrant
warrant investment of
of pnivate
private capltal
capital in
in such
such an
an
eufficiently well
enterprise.
enterprise.
I
o
.
o
o
n
o
o
o
o
o
I
cl
o
i.
o
a
o
o
o
o
o
I
io
i
List of-Bqplglmnlg
of particiants
tist
Nane
Name
Address
AddreEs
Bobert
obert M.
Baker
M, Baker
Tom
Beeker
Ton Becker
Oregon
Port
SW Bay
Newport, Oregon
Bay Blvd.,
Bltd,r l{eiutportr
of Newport,
Nenportn 334
Port of
334 SW
Nevport, Oregon
0regon
KNPT,
Highway, Newport,
1932 N.
N. Coast
Coast Highway,
KNP?,1932
Thomas P.
P. Blair
ttrouras
Slalr
Estuarine
Program, Oregon
Oregm State
State Board
Board
Sanitatlon Program,
Egtrrarlne Sanitation
of
Health, 1400
1400 $t"
SW 5th
Ave., Portland,
Oreg. 97201
Portlandr Oreg.
of Health,
n?f.].
5th Ave.1
Wilbur P.
lililbur
P. Breese
Brneege
OSU l{arine
Marine Sclence
Science Center,
Center, l&lr{.ne
Marine Science
Science Drlvet
Drive,
0$U
yf9$5
Oregon 97365
Nerprt, Oregon
Newport,
J.
Eflison
l,l. Ell"lson
J. N.
Washington
Ellison
O1trmpia,Washington
Bnothers, Olympia,
Elllcon Brothers,
George
W. Fowler
George W.
Fowler
Oregon97365
Route E, Box
139, Newport,
$Fwport, Oregon
Route
Box 139,
9?365
Gary G.
Gary
Gibson
G. Gibson
l,farine .Science
Drivet
Oregon
Science Drive,
OregonFish
Ftsh Commission,
Comiscions Marine
Oregon
Newport,
Oregon
97365
Nerport,
n365
James
M. Green
Graen
Janes H.
CLoverdal.e, Oregon
Oregon
Route 1,
Box 61,
61, Cloverdale,
Route
1, Box
Cecil
Cecil D.
D. Harris
Harrie
Oregon
Route 1,
Route
L, Box
Borc472,
TlL1anook, Oregon
4?2, Tillamook,
Lynn
Lynn V.
Hayes
V. Hayes
P.
City, Oregon
P, 0.
0regon
O. Box
8ox 7,
Bay City,
f, Bay
Sam
Hayes
SarnHeyes
Bay
City, Oregon
Bay Clty,
Oregon
Bob rlacobsen
Jacobsen
Bob
W. Olive
Ore.
Extension Service, 225
Olive St.,
Nerpott, Ore.
Extension
225 W.
$t.; Newport,
l{eNetL
Sid
Sld McNeil
Route
Oregon97365
Route East,
Eaot, Newport,
Nerrport, Oregon
9??65
Willlam J.
William
J. McNeil
McNeil
OSU!{arine
0511
Marine Science
Science Center,
Center, l{arLne'Scl,ance
Marine Science Drive,
Drive,
Oregon97365
Newport,
Newport, Oregon
W365
0lson
Earl Olson
EarI
City, Oregon
oregur
Route
Route 1,
I, Box
Box 435,
BsyCity,
435, Bay
Duane Phibbs
Duane
Phibbs
OregonFish
lbrine Science
Oregon
Drive,
Fish Connission,
ScLenceDrive,
Com{ssion, Marine
Newport, Oregon
Newport,
Oregon 97365
n365
L. Qualman
J.
J. L.
Qualnan
Boute
Route 2,
2, Box
Oregon
bx 772,
CooEBay-,
Bay, Oregon
?72, Coos
Paul
Reed
PauI Reed
OregonFish
Fish Commission,
liarlne Scienóe
brLve,
Oregon
Colutesi.onl Marine
Science brive,
Newport,
0negon97365
Nerrport, Oregon
n365
W. Sallee
Sallee
Ernest W.
Route
B, Box
Newport, Oregon
Oregon
Route E,
Box 130, I[ewporb,
Thonag
Thomas G. Scott
Department
Departnent of
of Fisheries
Fistreriec && Wildlife,
Wlldllfe, Oregon
Oregon
State University,
Univerelty, Corvallis,
Origon
97331
Conralll.o, Orcgon WZlt
Dale Snq'r
Snow
Oregon Fish
Oregon
t'ish Commission,
Comiesioa, Marine
Marine Science
Scl-enceDrive
Drlve
Newport,
Oregon97365
l{enporb, Oregon
n365
Chester M.
H. Wachsmuth
Wachamuth
Chester
208
208 SW
SWAnkeny, Portland,
Pontland, Oregén
0regon 97204
Wi{tt+
Bill
Wick
8i.L1 Wick
of ExbensLon
Coordinator of
Extension Programs,
Marine
Coordtnator
Progra,no, OSU
6U !{ar{.ne
l{arine Science
Science Center,
Center, Marine
$cience Drive,
Drtve, Newport,
l{enport, Oreg.
Science
Oreg.
Lee
J. Wiegardt
Wicgardt
Lee J.
Wiegardt Brothers,
Wiegardt
Washington
Erothere, Inc.,
Part, Waehington
Inc., Ocean
0cean Park,
a
7
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