UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 1: Basic
Research
COST ($ in Millions)
Prior
Years
FY 2013
FY 2014
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
FY 2015
Total
FY 2016
FY 2017
FY 2018
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
Total
Cost
Total Program Element
- 197.690
221.783
238.167
- 238.167
239.560
242.172
242.570
247.401
- - 305: ATR Research
- 2.028
2.280
2.003
- 2.003
2.041
2.067
2.102
2.142
- - 31B: Infrared Optics Rsch
- 2.621
2.859
3.307
- 3.307
2.860
2.896
2.942
2.999
- - 52C: Mapping & Remote Sens
- 2.191
2.258
2.004
- 2.004
2.042
2.068
2.102
2.142
- - 53A: Battlefield Env & Sig
- 3.302
3.570
2.610
- 2.610
3.777
3.824
3.889
3.964
- - 74A: Human Engineering
- 7.576
8.409
14.614
- 14.614
13.411
13.422
13.051
11.066
- - 74F: Pers Perf & Training
- 6.309
5.716
5.321
- 5.321
5.498
5.580
5.675
5.778
- - F20: Adv Propulsion Rsch
- 3.886
4.253
4.108
- 4.108
4.184
4.239
4.309
4.391
- - F22: Rsch In Veh Mobility
- 0.553
0.612
0.701
- 0.701
0.713
0.723
0.736
0.749
- - H42: Materials & Mechanics
- 7.865
8.902
9.308
- 9.308
8.662
8.784
8.933
9.098
- - H43: Research In Ballistics
- 8.299
9.378
8.810
- 8.810
8.462
8.579
8.722
8.886
- - H44: Adv Sensors Research
- 9.403
10.342
9.810
- 9.810
7.714
7.664
7.742
8.000
- - H45: Air Mobility
- 2.275
2.550
2.303
- 2.303
2.345
2.377
2.417
2.463
- - H47: Applied Physics Rsch
- 4.838
5.268
5.306
- 5.306
5.200
5.271
5.360
5.460
- - H48: Battlespace Info & Comm
Rsc
- 19.563
21.545
25.320
- 25.320
25.633
25.821
25.662
23.909
- - H52: Equip For The Soldier
- 1.056
1.146
1.103
- 1.103
1.124
1.137
1.156
1.179
- - H57: Single Investigator Basic
Research
- 69.342
80.342
81.245
- 81.245
87.862
89.077
88.046
93.767
- - H66: Adv Structures Rsch
- 1.853
2.017
2.006
- 2.006
2.044
2.068
2.102
2.142
- - H67: Environmental Research
- 0.935
1.030
0.903
- 0.903
0.920
0.931
0.946
0.965
- - S13: Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
- 11.172
10.696
11.005
- 11.005
11.248
11.378
11.560
11.789
- - S14: Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
- 8.794
9.167
10.553
- 10.553
9.827
9.970
10.141
10.325
- - S15: Sci BS/Army Op Med Rsh
- 5.013
7.366
6.815
- 6.815
6.636
6.720
6.831
6.961
- - T22: Soil & Rock Mech
- 3.951
4.577
5.704
- 5.704
4.484
4.548
4.624
4.710
- - T23: Basic Res Mil Const
- 1.618
1.772
2.102
- 2.102
1.733
1.757
1.787
1.820
- - PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 1 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 1: Basic
Research
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
T24: Signature Physics And
Terrain State Basic Research
- 1.424
1.600
2.005
- 2.005
1.635
1.655
1.681
1.715
- - T25: Environmental Science
Basic Research
- 5.620
7.171
7.303
- 7.303
7.028
7.129
7.251
7.385
- - T63: Robotics Autonomy,
Manipulation, & Portability Rsh
- 1.760
1.990
7.000
- 7.000
7.286
7.218
7.443
8.140
- - T64: Sci BS/System Biology And
Network Science
- 2.726
2.958
2.398
- 2.398
2.952
2.996
3.048
3.102
- - VR9: Surface Science Research
- 1.717
2.009
2.500
- 2.500
2.239
2.273
2.312
2.354
- - #
The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
FY 13 decreases attributed to Congressional General Reductions (-397 thousand); SBIR/STTR transfers (-4.168 million) and Sequestration Reductions (-16.925 million)
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This program element (PE) builds fundamental scientific knowledge contributing to the sustainment of US Army scientific and technological superiority in land warfighting
capability and to solving military problems related to long-term national security needs, investigates new concepts and technologies for the Army's future force, and
provides the means to exploit scientific breakthroughs and avoid technological surprises. This PE fosters innovation in Army niche areas (such as lightweight armor,
energetic materials, night vision capability) and areas where there is no commercial investment due to limited markets (e.g., vaccines for tropical diseases). It also
focuses university single investigator research on areas of high interest to the Army (e.g., high-density compact power and novel sensor phenomenologies). The inhouse portion of the program capitalizes on the Army's scientific talent and specialized facilities to transition knowledge and technology into appropriate developmental
activities. The extramural program leverages the research efforts of other government agencies, academia, and industry.
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering science and technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this PE is performed by: the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD; the U.S. Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM),
Aberdeen, MD; the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC), Ft. Detrick, MD; the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC),
Vicksburg, MS; and the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI), Arlington, VA.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 2 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 1: Basic
Research
FY 2013
B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions)
Previous President's Budget
Current President's Budget
Total Adjustments
• Congressional General Reductions
• Congressional Directed Reductions
• Congressional Rescissions
• Congressional Adds
• Congressional Directed Transfers
• Reprogrammings
• SBIR/STTR Transfer
• Adjustments to Budget Years
• Other Adjustments 1
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
219.180
197.690
-21.490
-0.397
- - - - - -4.168
- -16.925
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
FY 2014
FY 2015 Base
FY 2015 OCO
FY 2015 Total
221.901
221.783
-0.118
-0.118
- - - - - - - - 224.167
238.167
14.000
- - - 224.167
238.167
14.000
14.000
- - - 14.000
- UNCLASSIFIED
Page 3 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
305: ATR Research
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
2.028
2.280
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.003
FY 2015
Total
- 2.003
FY 2016
2.041
FY 2017
2.067
Project (Number/Name)
305 / ATR Research
FY 2018
2.102
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
2.142
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters research for automatic target recognition (ATR) concepts to enhance the effectiveness of Army systems while simultaneously reducing the workload
on the Soldier. This project focuses on the fundamental underpinnings of aided and unaided target detection and identification techniques for land warfare scenarios
including tagging, tracking, and locating (TTL) of non-traditional targets. This research enables Army systems that can act independently of the human operator to
detect and track targets including clandestine tracking of non-cooperative targets. Such capabilities are needed for smart munitions, unattended ground sensors, and
as replacements for existing systems. Critical technology issues include low depression angle, relatively short range, and highly competing background clutter. The
resulting research will provide a fundamental capability to predict, explain, and characterize target and background signature content, and reduce the workload on the
analyst. This research is aimed at determining the complexity and variability of target and clutter signatures and ultimately utilizing that knowledge to conceptualize and
design advanced ATR paradigms to enhance robustness and effectiveness of land warfare systems. ATR research strategies include emerging sensor modalities such
as spectral and multi-sensor imaging. Research in this project builds knowledge for several technology efforts including multi-domain smart sensors, third generation
Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR), and advanced multi-function laser radar (LADAR).
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with the U.S. Army Armaments Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ARDEC); the U.S. Army
Communications-Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CERDEC); and the U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC).
Work is this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0606270A (Electronic Warfare
Technology)/Project 906 (Tactical Electronic Warfare Applied Research).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.229
Title: ATR Algorithms
Description: Investigate new algorithms to improve aided/unaided target detection and identification.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 4 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.338
FY 2015
1.218
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
305 / ATR Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Investigated methods for object and event detection and classification using multimodal and hyperspectral imaging sensors to
support Data-to-Decision capabilities; and conducted research for optimal sensor fusion and novel feature selection techniques to
enhance Automatic Target.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate methods for human detection, cross-modality face recognition, and robust spectral signature analysis to enhance
Data-to-Decision capabilities; and develop ATR algorithms insensitive to signature variations and environmental changes.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate methods for automatic human and vehicle activity detection and classification, and multimodal biometrics for
improved situational understanding and reduced soldier workload; research methods to select relevant data for enhanced decision
making; and develop machine learning algorithms for scene understanding.
Title: Tagging, Tracking and Locating (TTL)
0.799
Description: Conduct basic research to support advances in state-of-the-art clandestine (Transistor-transistor logic) TTL for nontraditional hostile force and non-cooperative targets. Specific technical objectives, products, and deliverables are in accordance
with the Hostile Forces TTL Capabilities Development Document and the TTL Science and Technology Roadmap. This effort
directly supports the U.S. ARL's efforts in applied research and the U.S. Army CERDEC's advanced research in clandestine TTL.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated and designed advanced algorithms, components, sensors, and techniques applicable to Transistor-transistor logic
(TTL); assessed the use of inherent target signatures including hyperspectral signatures to provide enhanced TTL standoff
capabilities; further investigated the application of nanotechnology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to TTL
technologies; examined advanced technologies across the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, infrared, and radio
frequency for enhanced range performance and covertness; and advanced flexible electronics and non-cooperative biometric
identification for TTL applications.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop multimodal methods to monitor, extract and disseminate information related to targets' changing characteristics and
the means to influence target behavior to create measurable signatures of interest; and develop (from the hyperspectral data
assessment made in FY13) more effective methods for autonomous, non-motion based, motor-vehicle tracking by fusing proven
detection/classification techniques for different applications (e.g. hyperspectral target detection, speech recognition) to provide
enhanced TTL standoff capabilities.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 5 of 97
R-1 Line #2
0.942
0.785
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
305 / ATR Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will investigate methods for robust location and tracking of vehicles in surveillance and wide area motion images in the presence
of occlusions using augmented three-dimensional terrain maps; investigate virtual tags for tracking humans using hyperspectral
signatures; and investigate electromagnetic sensor and processing techniques to extract target characteristics from new
signatures and exploit vulnerabilities.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 6 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
2.028
FY 2014
2.280
FY 2015
2.003
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
31B: Infrared Optics Rsch
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- 2.621
FY 2014
2.859
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
3.307
FY 2015
Total
- 3.307
FY 2016
2.860
FY 2017
2.896
Project (Number/Name)
31B / Infrared Optics Rsch
FY 2018
2.942
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
2.999
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports Army research in materials and devices for active and passive infrared (IR) imaging systems; radio frequency (RF) photonics for radar,
communications, and electronic warfare applications; and laser technology for missile threat countermeasure protection. This research aims to generate new
technologies for unprecedented battlefield situational awareness and to continue the dominance of Army units during night operations. To achieve these objectives,
IR focal plane arrays (FPAs) and lasers with significantly improved performance, lower cost, and increased operating temperatures are required. This research has
direct application to Army ground vehicles, aviation platforms, weapon systems, and the individual Soldier. Research is focused on material growth, detector and laser
design, and processing for large area multicolor IR FPAs and midwavelength IR lasers. The principal efforts are directed towards novel materials for detectors and
lasers, and investigating energy band-gap structures in semiconductor materials to enhance the performance of lasers and IR FPAs. In the area of RF Photonics, nearIR modeling and nanofabrication techniques are applied to the design and fabrication of IR photonic-crystal waveguide structures having customized IR properties.
This research also is intended to lay the foundation for the development of integrated optoelectronic circuits using active and passive devices and components such
as lasers, waveguides, and detectors in conjunction with fiber optic interconnects for the generation, distribution, processing, and control of microwaves and study
the fundamental physics of signal processing and noise generation as well as the conversion between the time and frequency domains and the optical and electrical
domains in these opto-electronic (OE) circuits/systems. The technical goals are to manage and control defects in the raw, unprocessed materials, maintaining quality
control in the fabrication of the devices and arrays, limiting introduction of impurities in the material, surface passivation of the devices so that they are resistant to
degradation over time and thermal management, particularly as it applies to interband cascade lasers. This work is coordinated with the U.S. Army Communications
Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CERDEC).
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinning to several Program Elements (PEs)to include PE 0602709A (Night Vision
Technology)/Project H95 (Night Vision and Electro-Optic Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 7 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
31B / Infrared Optics Rsch
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Title: Electro-Optic Materials Research, RF Photonics for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance(C4ISR), and Photonics Research for Electronic Warfare
Description: Conduct research into infrared focal plane arrays (IR FPAs), radio-frequency (RF) Photonics, and IR
countermeasures to increase situational awareness in open and complex terrain; improve target detection, identification, and
discrimination; and enhance missile threat IR countermeasure (IRCM) protection.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Advanced investigations of environmental effects on radio-frequency (RF) photonic devices and reduced their vibration and
temperature sensitivity for improved reliability; experimentally validated the RF-photonic time domain signal auto-correlation
processor for signals intelligence applications; developed nano-photonic devices and nano-fabrication techniques for chip-scale
opto-electronic integrated circuit devices with reduced size, weight and power; investigated plasmonic materials, metamaterials,
photonic crystals and resonating materials on the quantum efficiency of Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPS);
extended the operating wavelength of III-V semiconductor devices, explore materials properties for the Type II Strained Layer
Superlattice and investigate novel growth approaches and novel growth structures that will result in cheaper IR FPAs; and
investigated possible methods of improving power output of quantum cascade lasers with potential transition to infrared
countermeasures applications.
FY 2014 Plans:
Research advanced radio-frequency (RF)-photonic/optical techniques to study noise generation and mitigation in RF-over fiber
links to achieve ultra high resolution, wideband signal transmission; investigate long-wave infrared (LWIR) two-color IR detectors
using combinations of bulk materials and artificially layered structures, taking advantage of low cost materials and novel insights in
materials properties; establish a 3-dimensional, finite element electromagnetic model to calculate quantum efficiency (QE) for any
infrared detector structures; design novel semiconductor metastructure photonic devices to provide the basic building blocks for
future chip scale processing; investigate frontier optical effects to design high QE detectors;and improve power output of quantum
cascade lasers.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will grow and characterize new long-wave infrared (LWIR) bulk semiconductor materials used in new detector designs with
potential for low-cost, high performance applications; investigate the physical limitations in a variety of RF-Photonic signal
generation, transport, and processing schemes to optimize system resolution and bandwidth for C4ISR applications (e.g., position,
navigation, and timing applications) that require very high phase precision; investigate optical and physical properties of novel
semiconductor metamaterial and metastructure devices for applications such as chip scale chem/bio sensors and lighter and
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 8 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
2.621
FY 2014
2.859
FY 2015
3.307
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
31B / Infrared Optics Rsch
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
cheaper radios; and study electro-optical (EO) modulator based on nano-crystal silicon for next generation high speed chip scale
communication.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 9 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
2.621
FY 2014
2.859
FY 2015
3.307
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
52C: Mapping & Remote Sens
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
2.191
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.258
2.004
FY 2015
Total
- 2.004
FY 2016
2.042
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
52C / Mapping & Remote Sens
FY 2018
2.068
2.102
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
2.142
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable to this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project increases knowledge of terrain with a focus on improving the generation, management, analysis/reasoning, and modeling of geospatial data, and the
exploitation of multi-sensor data. This fundamental knowledge forms the scientific "springboard" for the future development of applications, techniques, and tools to
improve the tactical commander's knowledge of the battlefield. Results of this research are used to extract and characterize natural and man-made features from
reconnaissance imagery in near-real time; to exploit terrain analysis and reasoning techniques; and to explore the potential of space technology and tactical geospatial
sensor technology to provide real-time terrain intelligence, command and control, and targeting support. This research uses terrain and environmental data to improve
situational awareness and enhance information dominance, leading to increased survivability, lethality, and mobility.
Work in this project provides theoretical underpinnings for PE 0602784A (Military Engineering Technology), Project 855 (Mapping and Remote Sensing).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering science and technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.191
Title: Sensor Phenomenology and Spatial-Temporal Pattern Discovery
Description: Funding provided for the following research.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated a multi-parameter soil metabolic index to understand environmental impacts on emerging biological sensing;
constructed primitives to aid in efficiently solving concurrent complex queries in hierarchically represented spatial-temporal data;
validated new infrasound signal propagation models against collected data applicable to remote assessment of hostile activity.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate and define the concepts of neighborhood and scale for human terrain parameters, and examine clustering and
topology in human terrain neighborhoods to understand how human terrain events propagate through Euclidean and social
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 10 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.258
FY 2015
2.004
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
52C / Mapping & Remote Sens
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
network space; investigate methodologies for transforming multi-dimensional spatial-temporal trajectory data into linear
representation for discovering patterns and hierarchical structure; investigate approaches to estimating terrain physical properties
from proprioceptive sensor data.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate aerosol effects on the integrity of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) signals to improve signal and data
collection capabilities; will explore methods of describing objects in massive unstructured datasets through novel machine learning
techniques to advance Big Data capabilities; will investigate multi-source signal decomposition and characterization from single
acoustic sensors to increase monitoring capabilities; will theorize metrics for the quantification of adaptive capacity of human
populations resulting from environmental change to monitor instability.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 11 of 97
R-1 Line #2
2.191
2.258
2.004
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
53A: Battlefield Env & Sig
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
3.302
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
3.570
2.610
FY 2015
Total
- 2.610
FY 2016
3.777
FY 2017
3.824
Project (Number/Name)
53A / Battlefield Env & Sig
FY 2018
3.889
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
3.964
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project focuses on research to seek an in-depth understanding of the complex atmospheric boundary layer associated with high-resolution meteorology; the
transport, dispersion, optical properties and characterization of chemical and biological aerosols; and the propagation of full-spectrum electro-magnetic and acoustic
energy. The future Army will operate in very complex environments (e.g., urban, mountainous, forested and jungle terrain) requiring new approaches to understand,
characterize, and depict environmental phenomena and their effects on military systems, personnel and operations. The lack of a complete understanding of the
meteorological aspects of the complex microscale boundary layer in which the Army operates continues to impact our ability to provide predictable, actionable, accurate
and timely tactical environmental intelligence to battlefield commanders and small Soldier units. This project focuses on producing the foundational environmental
science research to characterize the atmospheric boundary layer and deliver novel capabilities and techniques including urban turbulence characterization for its
effects on micro platforms and sensor payloads, high resolution urban wind flow modeling for more efficient and accurate prediction of the transport and dispersion
of obscurants and chemicals, battlefield aerosol characterization and the interaction between aerosols and meteorological processes for Soldier health initiatives,
characterization and detection of bio-warfare agent aerosols, environmental effects on acoustic and electromagnetic signal propagation in urban and other complex
domains for improved target location and imaging, exploration of previously unexploited regions of the acoustic and electro-magnetic spectrum, and formulation of
objective analysis tools that can assimilate on-scene all-source weather observations, atmospheric composition, and fuse this information with forecasts to provide
immediate Nowcast products and actionable information. These capabilities will have a direct impact on ensuring Soldier survivability, weapon system lethality, effective
surveillance and reconnaissance, and the mobility required for future warfighter mission planning and execution operations.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the theoretical underpinnings for Program Element (PE) 0602784A (Military Engineering Technology)/Project
H71 (Meteorological Research for Battle Command).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD & White Sands Missile Range, NM.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.937
Title: Research in optical and acoustical propagation in the atmosphere
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 12 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.110
FY 2015
- UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
53A / Battlefield Env & Sig
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: Research in optical and acoustical propagation in the atmosphere for enhanced Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance capabilities for the future force to support situational understanding and rapid targeting.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated how bioaerosol properties change with different atmospheric conditions (sunlight, humidity, oxidizing agents, etc.)
so that these properties can be added to transport and dispersion models for force protection and mission planning; measured
fluorescence and absorption cross sections of aerosolized bio-warfare simulants/agents to enable more accurate assessments of
the capabilities of biowarfare agent detectors; investigated Raman spectra of individual airborne bioparticles to provide increased
capability for characterizing atmospheric particles; established functional relationships between mid-infrared (MidIR) and longwave infrared (LWIR) polarimetric signatures as a function of atmospheric and meteorological conditions for improved target
detection, classification, and identification; extended terahertz (THz) propagation modeling to include path radiance and water
vapor background noise to add these performance effects and improve the design of emerging passive THz imaging technology;
and improved the fundamental theory for optical turbulence effects on short-exposure passive electro-optics and infrared imaging
for new optimal designs for passive adaptive optics correction.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate and model atmospheric water vapor impacts on THz band communications propagation statistics for digital link
quality for U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Command (AMRDEC) covert local wireless
communications technology applications. Measure and model optical turbulence to improve the prediction of strong turbulence
effects on high energy laser propagation in complex terrain.
Title: Predictive Modeling of the Boundary Layer
1.365
Description: Increase survivability and improve situational awareness for a variety of sensors, optics and flying objects
(projectiles, unmanned aircraft systems, etc.) through research to enhance accuracy of predictive modeling of the atmospheric
boundary layer and improve the ability to function effectively in adverse conditions.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Enhanced the three dimensional (3-D) Atmospheric Boundary Layer Environment (ABLE) model's turbulence parameterizations
to extend modeling of high resolution dynamic turbulent flow effects of complex terrain to improve urban hazard dispersion and
wind effects on robotic air vehicles; improved characterization and simulation of urban turbulence effects and bio-inspired control
corrections that will improve Nano and Micro Air Vehicle control, hover stability and wind gust rejection; and investigated using
Weather Research & Forecasting-based Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast (WRE-N) forecast/local now-cast model output as
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 13 of 97
R-1 Line #2
1.460
2.610
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
53A / Battlefield Env & Sig
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
initial conditions to improve the fidelity and accuracy of predictions from the boundary layer 3-D ABLE model for high resolution
meteorology in complex terrain.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Formulate and evaluate numerical methods to improve ABLE model performance for Army decision aid applications; investigate
biologically-inspired fast patterned responses to control surface wind flow changes to more effectively predict and mitigate
boundary layer wind gust effects on micro air vehicle hover and stability; and investigate and develop an experimental hybrid data
assimilation approach to improve fine-scale weather forecast performance.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will finalize and implement an experimental hybrid data assimilation approach into microscale and mesoscale numerical weather
prediction models to improve fine-scale weather forecast performance; research options for implementing a computationally
efficient WRE-N model to produce localized probabilistic forecast grids suitable for tactically-deployed unit hosting; explore novel
approaches for developing an agile feedback loop that incorporates model-driven sensing and collection, and uses boundary layer
sensing for near real-time model adaptation and corrected predictions; and determine feasibility of atmospheric energy harvesting
for small scale applications.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 14 of 97
R-1 Line #2
3.302
3.570
2.610
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
74A: Human Engineering
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- 7.576
FY 2014
8.409
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
14.614
FY 2015
Total
- 14.614
FY 2016
13.411
FY 2017
13.422
Project (Number/Name)
74A / Human Engineering
FY 2018
13.051
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
11.066
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project focuses on research that improves Soldier-system performance in future force environments by looking at key phenomena underlying Soldier performance
such as auditory spatial orientation (perception of azimuth, elevation and distance of sounds) within uncertain, degraded acoustic conditions; extending and protecting
auditory and cognitive performance; human performance in automated, mixed-initiative (human control-machine control) environments; communications in hearingdegraded conditions; visual scanning and target detection; Soldier emotion and fatigue states; integration across multiple sensory modalities; perceptual-motor behavior;
collaborative (team) and independent multi-task, multi-modal, multi-echelon Soldier-system performance - all cast against the influx of emerging transformation-driven
technological solutions and opportunities. Technical barriers include lack of methods for describing, measuring, and managing the interplay of these relatively novel
phenomena due to situational complexity and ambiguity that characterize operations in the future force. Technical solutions are being pursued in the areas of data
generation and algorithm development in these emerging environments in order to update and improve our understanding of performance boundaries and requirements
and enable neuroengineering. These solutions include multi-disciplinary partnerships, metrics, simulation capabilities, and modeling tools for characterizing Soldiersystem performance, and provide a shared conceptual and operational framework for militarily relevant research on cognitive and perceptual processes. In the
area of translational neuroscience, which is the transition of basic neuroscience research to relevant applications, research is carried out to examine leading edge
methodologies and technologies to improve the measurement and classification of neural states and behavior in operationally-relevant environments, to examine the
potential application of neuroscience theories to autonomous systems to improve Soldier-system interactions, to model the relationship between brain structure and
cognitive performance for understanding individual differences and injury, and to assess how neural pathways implicated in functional processing can be enhanced
through dynamic system interface technologies for improving in-theatre performance and training.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to several PEs to include PEs 0601104A (University and Industry Research
Centers)/Project H09 (Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance) and 0602716A (Human Factors Engineering Technology)/H70 (Human Factors Engineering System
Development).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 15 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
74A / Human Engineering
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Title: Research to Characterize and Enhance Soldier Performance
FY 2013
2.022
FY 2014
2.025
FY 2015
2.883
1.881
2.656
2.531
Description: Characterize and enhance human auditory performance of the dismounted warrior in complex environments while
protecting the hearing of the Soldier.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated the sound characteristics of weapon firing signatures to enable Soldiers' future ability to identify the specific weapons
being fired and location of attack.
FY 2014 Plans:
Quantify the effects of compression type on relative distance perception when wearing tactical communication and protection
systems (TCAPS).
FY 2015 Plans:
Will conduct Soldier-oriented research to understand the auditory conditions that lead to misinterpretation of auditory events in
a complex sensory environment; quantify and describe spatial range across which detection of auditory location changes are
unlikely to be detected; and characterize the environmental elements and contexts that may be vulnerable to misinterpretation.
Title: Soldier performance
Description: Conduct fundamental research on human performance in military-relevant environments to include operations,
command, and training. Use approaches such as computational cognitive modeling and social network analyses to investigate
the factors affecting the information flow, situational understanding and prediction, and technology-mediated collaboration under
conditions of stress and uncertainty. Determine the environmental and context factors affecting performance, learning, and
retention in immersive and simulated environments; establish realism/fidelity boundary conditions for perceptual, cognitive, and
physical parameters for experimentation and for training.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Continued to transition cognitive model-based architecture knowledge for robotics control to the Robotics Collaborative
Technology Alliance (PE 0601104/project H09) and the ARL Robotics enterprise; developed a generic long-term memory
capability to store collections of environmental data sets; advanced object recognition and tracking; and switched focus of
research on the correlation of electroencephalograph data with response times to decision making studies, which will further the
validation of higher-level components of the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive modeling system.
FY 2014 Plans:
Enhance recognition of places and objects for the Symbolic and Sub-symbolic Robotics Intelligence Control System project by
integrating multiple independent cues for perpetual processing to include contextual processing, depth processing, and color
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 16 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
74A / Human Engineering
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
processing; perform engineering evaluation tests of key autonomous robotic functions for navigation, object recognition, short- and
long-term memory, and understanding and acting on verbal operator commands through natural language processing; expand
the project on temporal network dynamics for the social-cognitive network science initiative by identifying specific behaviors of
complex dynamical systems (i.e., networks) and implementing techniques for capturing those behaviors using an enhanced
version of the computer model Command, Control and Communications Technologies for Reliable Assessment of Concept
Execution (C3TRACE), which will allow development of a "network sandbox"; and conduct research investigating the effects of
operationally relevant stressors on Soldier performance during tactical operations (for the cognitive readiness initiative).
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will further the development of human performance information processing models addressing network challenges using formal
mathematical approaches and task-network modeling and simulation to integrate information across network layers for better
information management and planning; establish a theoretical foundation for human networking behavior yielding testable
predictions for laboratory experiments (modeling effort); continue the development of object recognition of places and objects
(cognitively-inspired intelligent robotic technology); leverage the results of industry efforts in shape recognition features; conduct
experiments in realistic contexts with human interaction; conduct experiments to fill data voids and develop models describing
and able to predict the key simulation parameters affecting perception, cognition, and physical performance independently
(simulation and training); and outline experimentation required to determine simulation parameters affecting the interactions
across perception, cognition, and physical performance.
Title: Translational Neuroscience
2.412
Description: Integrating neuroscience with traditional approaches to understanding Soldier behavior to enable systems designs
that maximize Soldier performance.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated sensory and motor neural processes with respect to effect on Soldier-systems within dynamic environments;
examined validation techniques for measures of task performance in operational environments to develop future Soldier metrics;
and evaluated efficacy of predictive metrics for neural processing and/or cognitive performance among individuals for quantifying
cognitive loads.
FY 2014 Plans:
Enhance neuroimaging technologies for increased resolution, greater wearability by Soldiers, and enhanced interpretability of
neural signatures in realistic environments; and investigate the relationships between neuromodulators, brain electrical activity,
and behavior for improved understanding of Soldier neurocognitive function.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 17 of 97
R-1 Line #2
2.455
4.200
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
74A / Human Engineering
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will develop and refine active machine learning algorithms for improving the task performance of brain-based technologies that
combine neural signals extracted from the Soldier with semi-autonomous computer systems; examine effects of environmental
context on cognitive brain state assessments; explore analytical approaches for interpreting brain activity in unstructured tasks;
and investigate how different signal processing approaches affect the detection of brain network signal estimates in order to
support future development of brain-based technologies.
Title: Cognition and Neuroergonomics
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
1.261
1.273
- - - 5.000
Description: Devise and show fundamental translational principles for neuroscience-based research and theory to complex
operations settings in three focus areas: Soldier-system information transfer, commander-level decision making, and
individualized analysis and assessment of cognitive performance in operational environments. Beginning in FY15, will be
incorporated into Translational Neuroscience.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Explored neural representations and developed novel measures for assessing individual differences in decision making, cognitive
performance, and/or anatomical structure; and explored network connectivity measures and patterns in both model simulations
and empirical datasets.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate sensitivity of identified individual difference measures to variability in performance across individuals, tasks, and
cognitive states; and evaluate predictive capability of structural networks and/or functional processing for individualized
performance assessment.
Title: Human System Integration – Cybernetics
Description: Apply a cybernetic approach (theoretical study and comparison of communication and control processes in
biological and artificial systems) to human systems integration to achieve tighter control of devices and communication among
humans and between machines and humans. Use social, computational, and information approaches to extend the scope of
interaction beyond individual systems to the full network context.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will determine areas of convergence for cognitive, social, information and computational sciences to develop and apply the
cybernetic approach to human centered design of complex systems; invoke neural, information, and social-cybernetic modeling
approaches to identify and begin to address the human system integration gaps at the millisecond level and at the team level;
examine issues in the design and implementation of cybernetic systems that will enable leveraging of the human nervous system's
abilities to integrate, interpret, and utilize multimodal information in the sensory-perceptual-motor decision-making cycle; conduct
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 18 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
74A / Human Engineering
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
research using novel paradigms, such as wearable computing and augmented reality technologies to identify key temporal and
context parameters in multi-sensory integration; and lay foundation for scaling up to societal-level cybernetics.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 19 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
7.576
FY 2014
8.409
FY 2015
14.614
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
74F: Pers Perf & Training
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
6.309
5.716
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
5.321
FY 2015
Total
- 5.321
FY 2016
5.498
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
74F / Pers Perf & Training
FY 2018
5.580
5.675
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
5.778
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This program element provides the funding to develop innovative theories, models, and methods to improve personnel assessment, training, and leader development,
as well as provide a better understanding of individual, unit, and organizational behavior and performance within the context of complex organizational and operational
environments. The research within these domains will enable advances in psychometrics to support the development of the next generation of psychological
assessments for selection, classification, and assignment. The research also will target how to improve the assessment of difficult-to-measure skills and enable
theoretical advances to inform and support the accelerated development of complex cognitive and social skills. This research lays the foundation for future applications
that address the behavioral and organizational dynamics that impact Army flexibility, effectiveness, and resilience.
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with PE 0602785A (Project 790) and PE 0603007A (Project 792).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Human Capital
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI), Ft. Belvoir, VA.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
4.471
Title: Personnel Measures (previously Human Behavior)
Description: Funding is provided for basic research to develop innovative theories, models, and methods to improve personnel
assessment, training, and leader development. In FY15, funds within this Project are realigned to better reflect current efforts.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed data-driven models to assess the impact of training methods on task performance; identified approaches to enhance
experiential learning for guided self-development; and investigated tacit acquisition of cultural knowledge.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 20 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
3.906
FY 2015
1.800
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
74F / Pers Perf & Training
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Investigating factors that influence on-the-job learning; identifying predictors of leader development and retention; and identifying
contextual facets that influence decision making.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will initiate the development of measurement theory and performance-based measurement methods to improve selection,
classification, and assignment.
Title: Climate, Readiness, and Resilience (previously Human in Complex Organizations)
1.838
1.810
3.521
6.309
5.716
5.321
Description: Funding is provided for basic research that will provide a better understanding of individual, unit, and organizational
behavior and performance within the context of complex organizational and operational environments. In FY15, funds within this
Project are realigned to better reflect current efforts.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated organizational leadership as transmitted through social network links; developed models of unit cohesion within multilevel organizational units.
FY 2014 Plans:
Conducting research to understand social and organizational network variables that affect contextual control; developing real-time
assessment and feedback mechanisms to shape group relationships.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will initiate research to develop group and organizational measures of organizational cohesion, resilience, and effectiveness.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 21 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
F20: Adv Propulsion Rsch
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
3.886
4.253
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
4.108
FY 2015
Total
- 4.108
FY 2016
FY 2017
4.184
Project (Number/Name)
F20 / Adv Propulsion Rsch
FY 2018
4.239
4.309
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
4.391
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters research to increase the performance of small air-breathing engines and power-trains to support improved system mobility, reliability, and
survivability for air and/or ground vehicles; and ultimately serve to reduce the logistics cost burden for the future force. Problems addressed include the need for greater
fuel efficiency and reduced weight in these propulsion systems. Technical barriers to advanced propulsion systems are the inadequacy of today's materials to safely
withstand higher temperature demands, the lack of capability to accurately simulate the flow physics and the mechanical behavior of these systems, including the
engine and drive train. The Army is the lead Service in these technology areas and performs basic research in propulsion, as applicable to rotorcraft as well as tracked
and wheeled vehicles. Technical solutions are being pursued through analysis, code generation, and evaluations to improve engine and drive train components and
investigate advanced materials. Component level investigations include compressors, combustors, turbines, energy sources and conversion, injectors, pistons, cylinder
liners, piston rings, gears, seals, bearings, shafts, and controls.
Work in this project provides the technical underpinnings for Program Element (PE) 0602211A (Aviation Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.303
Title: Thermal Materials
Description: Investigate new materials needed to withstand the higher temperature regimen of advanced high performance
engines, and evaluate improved tools and methods that will accurately simulate the flow physics and the mechanical behavior of
future engines and drive trains, which will contribute to the design of more fuel efficient and reliable propulsion systems.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 22 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.519
FY 2015
2.400
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
F20 / Adv Propulsion Rsch
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Determined loading and durability properties associated with hybrid ceramic bearings and hybrid composite gears for next
generation Army wheeled tactical and combat vehicle power train concepts.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate surface engineering techniques to reduce engine and transmission friction losses for improved vehicle fuel economy,
reduced maintenance cost, and reduced logistic burden; and establish the capabilities to assess high temperature materials and
components for next-generation Army wheeled tactical and combat vehicle power train concepts.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will conduct thermo-mechanical fatigue experiments on new bulk ceramic materials, polymer composites, and metal alloys
to enable reduced production/maintenance costs, and to achieve increased performance factors with improved temperature
capability; and develop advanced computational damage models and conduct mechanical diagnostics experiments to improve the
understanding of failure progression and diagnostics in drive train mechanical components, such as gears and bearings.
Title: Reliable Small Engines for Unmanned Systems
1.583
1.734
1.708
3.886
4.253
4.108
Description: Develop improved tools and methods to enhance the reliability and fuel efficiency of small engines for air and
ground vehicles and to enable the use of heavy fuels.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Established the capability to experimentally evaluate advanced heavy fuel injection spray characteristics under simulated engine
conditions in order to optimize combustion performance in future engine concepts.
FY 2014 Plans:
Experimentally evaluate advanced heavy fuel injection spray characteristics under simulated engine conditions to optimize
combustion performance; use modeling and simulation coupled with experimentation to assess unmanned vehicle engines fueled
with JP-8 and other heavy fuels; and evaluate the performance of Army unmanned vehicle engines and small heavy fuel injectors
to enable heavy fuel operability and to optimize performance and efficiency.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will evaluate transient spray and combustion characteristics of heavy fuel injectors under simulated engine conditions to optimize
engine combustion, performance, and efficiency; and develop more accurate and reliable modeling and simulation tools to predict
spray and combustion characteristics under complex fluid dynamics conditions that will enable effective design of small engines
for a range of Army applications.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 23 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 24 of 97
R-1 Line #2
Project (Number/Name)
F20 / Adv Propulsion Rsch
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
F22: Rsch In Veh Mobility
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
0.553
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
0.612
0.701
FY 2015
Total
- 0.701
FY 2016
0.713
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
F22 / Rsch In Veh Mobility
FY 2018
0.723
0.736
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
0.749
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project conducts research in support of advanced military vehicle technology with emphasis on advanced propulsion, sophisticated vehicle dynamics and
simulation, vehicle-terrain interaction, vehicle control, and advanced track and suspension concepts. Advanced propulsion research will dramatically improve power
density, performance and thermal efficiency for advanced engines, transient heat transfer, high temperature materials and thermodynamics. This project also supports
state-of-the-art simulation technologies to achieve a more fundamental understanding of advanced mobility concepts. The subject research is directed at unique, stateof-the-art phenomena in specific areas such as: non-linear ground vehicle control algorithms, using off-road terrain characteristics; and unique mobility approaches,
using advanced analytical and experimental procedures.
Work in this project provides the theoretical underpinnings for PE 0602601A (Combat Vehicle and Automotive Technology).
Work in this project is performed by the Tank and Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC).
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Title: Advanced Mathematical Algorithms for Improved Vehicle Efficiency
FY 2013
0.553
FY 2014
0.612
FY 2015
0.701
0.553
0.612
0.701
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort:
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Researched ignition under high pressure injection conditions, and analyzed heat release data for synthetic JP-8 fuel; researched
importance sampling techniques for accelerated testing for reliability quantification under stochastic input conditions; explored
quantification of model uncertainty with enhanced identification ability; and researched mobility models for small robot terramechanics, i.e. the interaction of wheeled or tracked vehicles on various surfaces.
FY 2014 Plans:
Research ignition under high-pressure injection conditions, and analyze heat release data for new fuels; research new analytical
tools for characterizing vehicle duty cycles and physics-based vehicle and powertrain dynamics,; explore power available for
mobility; and research mobility for small platforms (i.e. the interaction of wheeled or tracked vehicles on various surfaces).
FY 2015 Plans:
Will research new physics based analytical tools for more accurately and rapidly predicting vehicle terrain interaction effects; will
explore new methodologies/relationships for improving intelligent mobility including latency.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 25 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 26 of 97
R-1 Line #2
Project (Number/Name)
F22 / Rsch In Veh Mobility
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H42: Materials & Mechanics
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
7.865
8.902
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
9.308
FY 2015
Total
- 9.308
FY 2016
8.662
Project (Number/Name)
H42 / Materials & Mechanics
FY 2017
FY 2018
8.784
8.933
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
9.098
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project conducts basic research in materials science, which includes research into key phenomena enabling the creation and production of revolutionary materials
that will provide higher performance, lighter weight, lower cost, improved reliability, and environmental compatibility for Army unique applications. The current
methodology of using materials to gain added functionality for Army systems is to use a layered approach, whereby each layer provides added capability (e.g., ballistic,
chemical/biological, signature, etc.), but ultimately makes the system too heavy and too expensive. Technical solutions are being pursued through understanding the
fundamental aspects of chemistry and microstructure that influence the performance and failure mechanisms of ceramics, advanced polymer composites, and advanced
metals, with the goal of creating hierarchically organized materials systems that possess multifunctional attributes at greatly reduced weight and cost. These advanced
materials will enable revolutionary lethality and survivability technologies for the future.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings for several Program Elements (PE) to include PE 0602105A (Materials
Technology)/ Project H84 (Materials) and PE 0602786A (Warfighter Technology)/H98 (Clothing & Equipment Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.210
Title: Microscopic/Nanostructural Materials
Description: Devise new materials and design capabilities based upon fundamental concepts derived at the microscopic and
nanostructural levels for the future force.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Researched novel composite materials that demonstrate self-healing capability using bio-engineered concepts emerging basic
research; and advanced the principles of inverse materials design and applied to emerging material models for future armor
designs.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop mathematical descriptions of full non-linear and transient coupling in armor grade piezoelectric ceramics for novel
protection; report on the full-field penetration response of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric and fabric
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 27 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.615
FY 2015
2.608
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H42 / Materials & Mechanics
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
systems for application to soldier protection; establish patterned thin film techniques to fabricate a metamaterial lens for corrosion
detection under dielectric and paint coatings with high sensitivity; improved adhesion bioinspired polymer adhesives for composite
armors.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will create numerical models and experimental techniques to design energy-absorbing, adaptive, damage-tolerant
nanocomposites; develop new paradigms for thermodynamically stable nanostructured materials systems that overcome
traditional property trade-offs; and pursue revolutionary new polymeric building block materials for structural, membrane, sensor,
and power/energy applications.
Title: High Deformation Rate Materials
2.802
3.113
3.400
2.853
3.174
3.300
Description: Develop fundamental understanding necessary to design, process and characterize materials specifically intended
for high loading rate applications, as in armor and armaments.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed models to describe specific strengthening mechanisms for novel aluminum alloys and used to cast coupon-scale
ingots for experimental validation; and developed synthesis, processing and characterization methods specifically designed for
materials in extreme dynamic environments.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate modeling and simulation of clean and doped grain boundaries in boron-based armor ceramics; design novel,
thermodynamically stable nanocrystalline alloys for shaped charge liners; determine the importance of composition and
microstructure on rate dependent properties of epoxy resins; and complete an initial three dimensional (3-D) microstructural model
of lightweight magnesium or aluminum alloys.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will develop multiscale, multidisciplinary models and related experimental techniques to elucidate fundamental physics of
materials response to include: thermoelastic, yield, failure, and fracture behavior at high deformation rates; create novel
experimental research tools to enable the study of these high deformation rate phenomena with greater resolution; incorporate
microstructural and high deformation response into robust multiscale computational codes; and begin to create new materials
specifically designed to enhance performance at high deformation rates in applications ranging from armor to new armaments.
Title: Materials Research and Processing at Small Scale
Description: Elucidate and exploit unique structure, processing, and property relationships that occur in materials at small length
scales and develop methods to tailor the physical, chemical and mechanical response of these materials to enable unprecedented
performance improvements in materials properties.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 28 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H42 / Materials & Mechanics
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed novel polymeric materials which are thermally and chemically stable under extreme operating conditions; investigated
and developed modeling and simulation methods specifically designed for materials used in extreme dynamic environments.
FY 2014 Plans:
Validate new multi-axial mechanical characterization methods and apply to conventional and novel ballistic fibers to elucidate the
effect of nanostructure; develop in-situ capabilities for electron microscopy to elucidate the mechanical response of soft tissue and
polymer gels; characterize the water transport properties of polymer electrolyte materials.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will develop an integrated computational materials science capability that clarifies relevant physical mechanisms and enables
the rational design of small scale (nanoscale) and bio-inspired building blocks; utilize thermodynamic and kinetic studies of selfassembly processes to design, create, and characterize nanostructured surfaces and interfaces; and create and utilize small scale
materials characterization techniques to further the fundamental understanding of small scale materials and processes.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 29 of 97
R-1 Line #2
7.865
8.902
9.308
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
H43: Research In Ballistics
#
FY 2013
- FY 2014
8.299
9.378
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
8.810
FY 2015
Total
- 8.810
FY 2016
8.462
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
H43 / Research In Ballistics
FY 2018
8.579
8.722
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
8.886
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project seeks to improve the understanding of the chemistry and physics controlling the propulsion, launch, and flight of gun-launched projectiles and missiles, and
to understand the interaction of these weapons with armored targets. This research results in basic new knowledge, which allows the formulation of more energetic
propellants, more accurate and non-lethal (NL)/lethal projectiles and missiles, and advanced armors for increased survivability of Army combat systems. This effort
supports the Office of the Secretary of Defense Advanced Energetics Initiative to mature the fundamental technologies required to transition the next generation of
energetic materials into field use.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the theoretical unerpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0602618A (Ballistics
Technology)/Project H80 (Survivability and Lethality Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, and Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.689
Title: Advanced Energetics Initiative
Description: Expand and confirm physics based models and validation techniques to enable design of novel insensitive
propellants/explosives with tailored energy release for revolutionary future force survivability and weapons effectiveness.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Extended quantum mechanical based models to enable prediction of key performance and vulnerability properties; determined
feasibility of nontraditional energetic materials containing stored structural energy (e.g., extended solids), and identified factors
influencing stabilization for designing future disruptive energetic materials.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 30 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
3.011
FY 2015
3.600
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H43 / Research In Ballistics
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Synthesize and fabricate gram quantities of disruptive energetic materials that have two-fold energy content compared to
conventional explosives; develop reactive variants of the dissipative particle dynamics method with multi-step chemical reactions
and perform simulations of multi-scale coarse grain models to determine pressure dependent stress-strain behavior for input into
plasticity model; and refine and validate existing model via comparison with nano-indentation experiments.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will exploit material micro/nanostructure, high pressure synthesis, and managed energy release mechanisms to develop energetic
materials with 2-10 times the energy content of conventional explosives; further advance theory required to develop accurate
descriptions and models of condensed phase processes, quantum mechanical reactive potential energy surfaces, shock impact,
initiation and detonation phenomena, and ignition and combustion; and further develop synthetic capabilities to produce highnitrogen containing materials.
Title: Launch and Flight of Gun Launched Projectiles as well as Missiles
1.599
1.768
1.710
1.061
1.275
- Description: Improve the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms controlling the launch and flight of gun launched
projectiles and missiles, and understand the interaction of these weapons with armored targets.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed and validated coupled computational fluid dynamics, flight dynamics, and rigid body dynamics techniques in a single
computational model to predict non-linear aerodynamic behavior of maneuvering precision munitions; characterized theoretically
and experimentally coupled global positioning system (GPS) and navigation concepts for the next generation of highly dynamic,
spinning projectiles; and investigated the fundamental mechanical interaction of human brain tissue with shock waves that occur
during ballistic events.
FY 2014 Plans:
Continue to develop first principles state-of-the-art computational aerodynamics techniques using coupled computational
fluid dynamics (CFD), rigid body dynamics (RBD) and flight control systems (FCS) to exploit novel flow physics and increase
maneuverability for next generation, low cost, hyper-accurate munitions; add structural dynamics model to simulate guided
maneuvers and unsteady effects; and compute a coupled calculation of a canard-controlled finned projectile (using a skid-toturn maneuver), compute and validate a roll maneuver (with dynamic wind tunnel data), and simulate uncontrolled and controlled
trajectories (of a long flexible finned body).
FY 2015 Plans:
Will further development of computational aerodynamics capabilities, coupled with the development of next-generation guidance,
navigation, and control solutions to enable new paradigms in maneuverability to achieve ultrahigh precision.
Title: Extramural Research in Non-Lethal (NL) Control Methods
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 31 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H43 / Research In Ballistics
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: Extramural research in NL control methods to exploit potentially innovative approaches that offer unique battlefield
and homeland defense capabilities.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Studied the decomposition pathways of energetic materials to elucidate the molecular decomposition behavior at the individual
molecule scale; created new approaches and methods to reduce effects of complex noise and missing data for exploiting sparse
hyperspectral and multimodal data; and established novel approaches for scalable indexing and retrieval of large image datasets
that are necessary for effective analysis and exploitation of knowledge databases.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop statistical methods to analyze spatially and temporally evolving patterns designed to provide decision makers with the
capability to distill concise meaning from large quantities of experimental observations.
Title: Armor Research
2.950
3.324
3.500
8.299
9.378
8.810
Description: Develop fundamental knowledge of mechanisms that can be exploited to ensure the next generation of lightweight
and efficient armor technologies.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed the capability to measure electromechnical stress in very small samples deforming at very high strain rates and
explored the effects of high magnetic field on the stress response within these deforming solids; and developed fundamental
underpinnings of the electrical conductivity within the shock cone that forms around hypervelocity penetrators.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop a model for thermo-physical properties of plasmas and explore advanced electro-magnetic effects using hydrocodes and
experimentation to better understand conductivity and fields in order to optimize electromagnetic armors; advance computational
models by exploring dynamic effects in three dimensions (3-D); and study the physics of using electromagnetic fields to enhance
the detonation of energetic materials to include designing a new diagnostic tool to study the detonation zone.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will establish capabilities to extract electron temperature data from time resolved imaging spectroscopy measurements of shaped
charge jet induced plasma for comparison to numerical simulation predictions; develop hierarchical multiscale methodology for
transfer of relevant information from mesoscale computation to macroscale constitutive and failure models; and develop coupled
finite element and physiological numerical modeling methods to evaluate the dynamic response of the human head as a structure
under short-time blast loading to enable effective design of protection concepts.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 32 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 33 of 97
R-1 Line #2
Project (Number/Name)
H43 / Research In Ballistics
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H44: Adv Sensors Research
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- 9.403
FY 2014
10.342
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
9.810
FY 2015
Total
- 9.810
FY 2016
7.714
FY 2017
7.664
Project (Number/Name)
H44 / Adv Sensors Research
FY 2018
7.742
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
8.000
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research to produce future generations of sensors with capabilities beyond those currently being employed. Technical barriers include the
fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations of current materials and devices, the efficiency of current algorithms, current computing architectures, organic material
lifetimes, the understanding of the fundamental concepts of quantum cryptography, and spatial resolution of current radio frequency (RF) sensors. The technical
approach is to exploit large scale electromagnetic (EM) models to predict and explain target and clutter scattering behavior, digital and image processing modules
and algorithms, beam propagation and material modeling of nonlinear optical effects, hazardous material detection, remote sensing and intelligent system distributive
interactive simulations, unique sensor development, sensor data feature and information fusion in the concept of Data-to-Decisions (D2D), and battlefield acoustic signal
processing algorithms. Research performed under this project also supports survivable sensor systems, organic thin film transistor technology and organic light emitting
diode technology for affordable rugged flexible displays. This project also funds research in the development of biologically inspired materials for use as sensors as
well as for power generation and storage; and physics-based multi-scale models for electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical materials. Payoffs include high-datarate military communications, low cost compact flexible displays for the Soldier and for the Army, improved radar signal processing techniques that will allow existing
systems to improve spatial resolution, improved ultra wideband radar technology for detection of explosives including mine detection, through the wall sensing and
robotics perception, improved sensor approaches and signal processing techniques for enhanced acoustic/seismic sensing systems in noisy environments, distributed
sensor data fusion in ad hoc networks, improved cryptography techniques, improved understanding of the physics and atomic properties of materials, and capabilities in
hazardous material and event sensing.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the theoretical underpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0602786A (Warfighter
Technology)/Project H98 (Clothing & Equipment Technology).
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with research at the U.S. Army Armaments Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ARDEC); the
U.S. Army Communications Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CERDEC), the U.S. Army Natick Soldier RDEC (NSRDEC) and the U.S.
Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 34 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD.
Project (Number/Name)
H44 / Adv Sensors Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Title: Adaptive, Active, and Intelligent Optical Systems
FY 2013
1.687
FY 2014
1.860
FY 2015
1.810
2.554
2.817
3.000
Description: Adaptive, active, and intelligent optical systems for high-data-rate military communications and directed energy
applications.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated and developed advanced Army battle-space tactical and long-range atmospheric laser communication and imaging
technologies to achieve high bandwidth communication, high fidelity visualization, and allow utilization of advanced command
and control techniques; developed novel processing techniques to extend the use of quantum imaging to tactical environments in
order to improve battlefield communications.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop application of advanced Army battle-space tactical, short-haul, and long-range atmospheric laser ultraviolet/light-emitting
diode/radio frequency (UV/LED/RF) communication and imaging technologies to achieve high bandwidth communication, high
fidelity visualization, and allow utilization of advanced command and control techniques (including improving comprehensive
link modeling and prediction of ultraviolet communication (UVC) and visible light communication (VLC), including atmospheric
propagation, source and detection technology, and modulation and coding strategies); and investigate and develop novel quantum
physics and coupled processing techniques to provide tactically superior quantum imaging and battlefield communications
particularly in obscured, obstructed, or adverse tactical environments.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will complete the optimization of the pointing, acquisition, and tracking sub-systems of the Free-Space Optical (FSO) networked
multi-gigabit communication system; conduct a performance evaluation of the FSO and its related control software; and develop
ARL visible light multispectral quantum imager capable of imaging through turbulence and demonstrate its capability in turbulence
and low light field experiments to beyond 1 km.
Title: Improving Sensor and Photonics Research (Nano)
Description: Create more survivable and secure sensors and displays; improve hazardous material monitoring; and investigate
new magnetic sensor technologies for personnel and improvised explosive device (IED) detection.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed sensor fusion algorithms to enable the aggregation of data features into information within the context of data-todecision (D2D); developed theoretical understanding of metaferrites (using analytical and computer simulations) as an enabling
technology for low-profile and embedded antenna enhancements; analyzed and developed algorithms to exploit co-registered
video and radar imagery to enhance detection of landmines and IEDs with reduced false alarms; enhanced acoustic sensor
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 35 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H44 / Adv Sensors Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
and array performance through wind mitigation and adaptive algorithms for improved event classification; evaluated conductive
organic materials and high stability organic light emitting diode (OLEDs) for transition into OLED displays and emerging sensor
applications; and developed noise resistant magnetic sensors to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection range for
counter IED technologies.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop time-domain acoustic models that incorporate ground impedance and atmospheric effects to create synthetic sensor
waveform data in various environments for training and evaluating acoustic classification algorithms. Investigate utilization of spintorque-oscillators for reading non-erasable magnetic memory; develop algorithms and software for modeling non-linear signature
response of RF devices in complex urban environments; perform theoretical and experimental analysis on metamaterials with
randomly oriented unit cells and investigate the viability of their use in RF lens structures (e.g., a Rotman lens); and research
organic devices and materials and diodes for large-area radiation and particle sensors utilizing charge-transfer electro-chemical
designs.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will research methods to improve acoustic classification robustness in diverse environments; study a physics-based tracker
algorithm for extremely long-range infrasound (low-frequency sound) detections; research methods to improve sensitivity and
miniaturize interface of magnetic tunnel junction sensor sensitivity and interface for reading non-erasable magnetic memory
permeability bits of stored information; and investigate signal processing algorithms for exploiting flexible and adaptable low
frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms that support stepped frequency radar technology.
Title: Engineered Biotechnology
2.822
Description: Use a multi-scale modeling approach to investigate biological systems to develop biologically-inspired sensors as
well as bio-inspired power generation and storage techniques.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Evaluated biofilm contaminate-sensing genetic constructs against actual logistics fluid specimens for both JP-8 and potable water;
manipulated bio-assembled electronic structures by controlled deposition of infrared (IR) sensitive materials and characterized the
resulting complexes; transitioned to larger two dimenstional (2-D) assemblies appropriate for traditional electronic manufacturing;
analyzed engineered strains against models for generation of organic fuels to evaluate information collected from systems biology
approaches; investigated the improvement of advanced modeling techniques through the use of an iterative approach of multiscale modeling and increased biological characterization; and examined genotype to phenotype relationship of laboratory bacterial
cultures to determine a means for identification.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 36 of 97
R-1 Line #2
3.108
- UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H44 / Adv Sensors Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Use synthetic biology, building off of previous genetic sensing constructs, to engineer sense and respond module for neutralizing
biological contamination; develop second generation peptide recognition elements using an iterative process involving
computational modeling coupled with experimental characterization for materials that perform in extreme environments; use
synthetic microbiology to engineer second generation strains for production commodity chemicals based upon predictions made in
FY13; and use biological characterization data generated in FY13 to refine advanced modeling techniques of multi-scale modeling
for prediction of improved biological interactions.
Title: Multi-Scale Modeling for Novel Materials
2.340
Description: Explore and develop multiscale modeling techniques to support fundamental studies of electronic and structural
materials properties from the atomistic to the continuum. Resulting models are needed to design/ develop materials for more
efficient, longer lifetime sensors and power and energy devices, and lighter materials for vehicle and soldier protection. This
efforts includes crosscutting research that leverages two 5-year Collaborative Research Alliances.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Conducted fundamental studies of materials to identify and model physics and atomic interactions that define their electronic
and optical properties and characteristics; evolved interface physics between nano- and meso-scales up to the continuum;
expanded upon and created new multi-scale experimental techniques and characterization methods to probe materials nanoand microstructure, including defects at interfaces and response under extreme conditions; evolved web-based security schemes
for external and internal project users to foster multi-disciplinary collaboration; and examined multi-scale computational science
environment to facilitate coupling of different software programs/algorithms; advanced methods to support high performance
computing users and software developers.
FY 2014 Plans:
Use FY13 results to design and expand fundamental studies to identify and model physics and atomic interactions that define
their structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties and characteristics and control material deformation, progressive/
catastrophic failure, and phase response across length scales; establish fundamental underpinnings of physics between nanoand meso-scales up to the continuum; continue to develop new multi-scale experimental techniques and characterization methods
to probe materials microstructure, including defects and interfaces, and responses under extreme conditions; develop advanced
computational models for multiscale modeling of electrochemical systems; investigate and develop scalable interdisciplinary
data models to address spatial one-way coupling of software on massively parallel petaflop systems, and multi-core computing
systems; create and disseminate web-based security schemes for external and internal project users to foster multi-disciplinary
collaboration; conduct research in multi-scale computational sciences and couple different modeling paradigms at the algorithm
level; and advance methods to support high performance computing users and software developers.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
FY 2013
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 37 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.557
FY 2015
3.000
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H44 / Adv Sensors Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will continue to perform fundamental studies to identify and model the physics and atomic interactions that define their structural,
mechanical, electronic, and optical properties and characteristics and control material deformation, progressive/catastrophic
failure, and phase response across length scales; validate multi-scale experimental techniques and characterization methods;
continue to develop advanced computational models for multiscale modeling of electrochemical systems; investigate and develop
scalable interdisciplinary data models to address spatial one-way coupling of software on massively parallel petaflop systems,
and multi-core computing systems; and conduct research in multi-scale computational sciences and couple different modeling
paradigms at the algorithm level.
Title: Bio-inspired Materials and Devices Research
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
- - 2.000
9.403
10.342
9.810
Description: Create synthetic biological materials for electronic devices and force protection.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate the underlying biology that enables natural and synthetic biological materials and systems to monitor, control,
enhance, and predict bacterial metabolism and products for improved logistics and force protection; study novel synthetic
recognition reagents in response to new and emerging threats that possess superior performance, stability and adaptability;
and research hybrid biological/electronic/photonic materials capabilities based on bio-engineered cellular machinery or specific
properties of bio-interfacial chemistry.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 38 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H45: Air Mobility
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
2.275
2.550
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.303
FY 2015
Total
- 2.303
FY 2016
2.345
Project (Number/Name)
H45 / Air Mobility
FY 2017
2.377
FY 2018
2.417
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
2.463
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research in aerodynamics for manned and unmanned rotary wing aircraft. The goal of this effort is to develop improved tools and methods
to analyze, evaluate, and assess rotorcraft-unique aerodynamic properties in conventional helicopter and tilt-rotor aircraft. The efforts in this project will result in a better
understanding of rotorcraft aeromechanics and will result in improved performance, safety and, ultimately, improved combat effectiveness of the manned and unmanned
rotorcraft in the future force. This project supports the future force by providing research into technologies that can improve tactical mobility, reduce logistics footprint,
and increase survivability for rotary wing aircraft.
Work in this project provides the theoretical underpinnings for PE 0602211A (Aviation Technologies).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the Aviation & Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aero-Flight Dynamics Directorate at NASA Ames Research
Center, CA and Langley Research Center, VA.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.275
Title: Rotary Wing Aerodynamics
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Experimentally investigated detailed helicopter wake structure for the existence of worm-like fluid phenomena seen in
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations; analytically / numerically investigated the oscillation encountered in CFD
prediction for hover performance; and assessed the importance of the fuselage impedance on rotor blade structural loads and
helicopter vibration.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 39 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.550
FY 2015
2.303
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H45 / Air Mobility
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Continue computational aero-science investigations using numerical methods including work on validation and development
testing the physical assumptions forming the building blocks of the underlying theory. Continue fundamental experiments aimed at
the underlying physics of rotor downwash flow fields and rotorcraft testing techniques such as pressure sensitive paint.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will continue computational aero-science investigations aimed at developing novel numerical methods for rotorcraft unique flow
phenomena and will continue fundamental aeromechanics experiments; will conduct an experimental investigation of rotor wake
physics including worm-like flow instabilities; will investigate flow phenomena in unsteady flow separation; and will develop and
improve testing techniques for aerodynamics / fluid flow such as pressure sensitive paint and particle image velocimetry.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 40 of 97
R-1 Line #2
2.275
2.550
2.303
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H47: Applied Physics Rsch
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
4.838
5.268
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
5.306
FY 2015
Total
- 5.306
FY 2016
5.200
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
H47 / Applied Physics Rsch
FY 2018
5.271
5.360
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
5.460
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project performs basic research on electronic materials and structures as well as technologies in energy harvesting and energetic materials, batteries and fuel
cells to enable higher performance and more efficient electronic systems. This includes nanoelectronic devices for low-power and high-frequency applications;
sensors, emissive nonlinear and nanophase electrodes, and electronic materials; advanced battery materials, thermoelectric devices, photovoltaic devices as well
as more efficient fuel cells for hybrid power; and the manipulation of cold atoms on a chip for application to very sensitive sensors and ultra-stable atomic clocks.
These investigations will impact the development of power sources and specialty electronic materials for the Army's future force, including improved wide band gap
semiconductor performance for more electric platforms, nanomaterials for batteries and fuel cells, quantum dots for increased photovoltaic efficiency and advanced
radar systems. Applications of cold atom chips include gyroscopes and accelerometers for inertial navigation units in global positioning system (GPS) denied
environments, gravitational sensors for detecting underground facilities, very-low-phase noise precision oscillators for low-velocity Doppler radar, and atomic clocks for
GPS denied environments as well as for future space-based timing applications. Technical barriers affecting performance, weight, cost, and power consumption will be
addressed.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0602705A (Electronics and
Electronic Devices)/Project H94 (Electronics & Electronic Devices). Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with research at the U.S. Army Armaments
Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ARDEC); the U.S. Army Communications Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CERDEC);
and the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.954
Title: Nanoelectronic Devices and Sensors
Description: Conducts research for advanced battery materials; fuel cells and reformers for Soldier and vehicle power; electronic
materials structures and defects of high-temperature wide-band gap semiconductors for high-power electronic applications;
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 41 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
3.235
FY 2015
3.006
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H47 / Applied Physics Rsch
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
materials for advanced nano and micro devices; cold-atom chip devices for advanced sensors and ultra-stable atomic clocks; and
integration of nanoenergetics and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for fusing and microrobotic applications.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Experimentally validated multiscale models for electrochemical transport and charge transfer in electrochemical devices to
optimize performance; investigated novel nanostructures for battery and fuel cell electrodes for increased efficiency; examined
large area growth, material transfer, and substrate interactions of carbon based nanoelectronics for increased capabilities and
reduced power consumption of battlefield electronics; investigated three dimensional (3-D) growth and patterning of piezoelectric
materials for low power large displacement MEMS actuators; investigated methods and formulations for detonation using on-chip
energetic materials; investigated emerging nanostructured materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, silicon carbide, diamond) for
energy storage electrodes, thin films, and energy conversion applications; characterized interference fringes using cold atoms
on an atom chip; and investigated gallium nitride/aluminium galium nitride (GaN/AlGaN) and other wide-bandgap materials
and device structure characteristics under high power conditions for improved electrical efficiency and associated thermal
management.
FY 2014 Plans:
Study decoherence mechanisms and optical Raman techniques to coherently control cold atoms and atomic spin to improve
the sensitivity of a chip-scale atom interferometer for inertial navigation in GPS denied environments; investigate and evaluate
actuator designs using piezoelectric actuators using 3-dimensional growth and patterning techniques; investigate modes of
propagation for on-chip energetic materials and determining factors that influence reaction rate; develop novel two-dimensional
(2-D) material growth, characterization, transfer and processing technology and conduct experiments to achieve electronic device
quality materials for nanoelectronics and supercapacitors; investigate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on silicon (Si)
anodes for lithium (Li) ion batteries; investigate GaN for high power conditions by improving breakdown voltage and crystalline
via reduced contaminants with improved electrical efficiency and associated thermal management; and investigate materials
structures for catalyst activities for energy conversion.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate transport of cold atoms along chip-scale wires for applications in inertial navigation in GPS denied environments
and for applications in environmental sensing, including magnetometry; investigate integration of 3-D piezoelectric materials and
processes with flexible substrate and circuit technologies for radio frequency (RF) MEMS and millimeter scale robotics; study and
characterize the growth and electrical properties of stacked 2-D electronic materials for application to RF and/or logic devices; and
refine the early development of on-chip energetic materials and processing for supplying slow, high temperature thermal sources.
Title: Advanced Energy Science Research
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
1.884
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 42 of 97
R-1 Line #2
2.033
2.300
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H47 / Applied Physics Rsch
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: Conduct materials research and multi-scale modeling that will lead to advances in energy storage, harvesting, and
conversion for a wide range of Army applications such as Soldiers, platforms, and microgrids.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Conducted research on the design, fabrication and characterization of material properties in coordination with modeling
and theoretical computations for energy storage and conversion materials; investigated methods for developing multi-scale
computational and simulation tools supporting the development of materials for electrochemical energy conversion and
generation; designed and experimented novel energy harvesting (light, heat, vibration, isotope, biological energy, sources)
methods; investigated emerging nanostructured materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, silicon carbide, and diamond) for energy
storage electrodes, and energy conversion applications; and investigated advanced device architectures for thermoelectric and
photovoltaic devices for increased energy conversion efficiency.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate wide-band gap semiconductor materials for direct photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen gas for use as fuel;
and research novel device architectures for solar energy conversion.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will study the physical limits of wide-band gap materials for direct photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen for use as fuel;
investigate the effect of plasmonic arrays on the catalysis of oxygen reduction and ethanol oxidation as alternative methods
for fuel production; and develop advanced superconducting materials by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)
processes to aid in energy conversion.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 43 of 97
R-1 Line #2
4.838
5.268
5.306
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H48: Battlespace Info & Comm
Rsc
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
19.563
21.545
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
25.320
FY 2015
Total
- 25.320
FY 2016
25.633
FY 2017
25.821
Project (Number/Name)
H48 / Battlespace Info & Comm Rsc
FY 2018
25.662
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
23.909
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable to this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research to enable intelligent and survivable command and control, communication, computing, and intelligence (C4I) systems for the
future force. As the combat force structure decreases and operates in more dispersed formations, information systems must be more robust, intelligent, interoperable,
and survivable if the Army is to retain both information and maneuver dominance. This research supports the Army's Network Science initiative and addresses the
areas of information assurance, signal processing for wireless battlefield communications, document and speech machine translation, and intelligent systems for
C4I. Major barriers to achieving the goals are the inherent vulnerabilities associated with using standardized protocols and commercial technologies while addressing
survivability in a unique hostile military environment that includes highly mobile nodes and infrastructure, bandwidth-constrained communications at lower echelons,
resource-constrained sensor networks, diverse networks with dynamic topologies, high-level multi-path interference and fading, jamming and multi-access interference,
levels of noise in speech signals and document images, new low-density languages, and information warfare threats. These C4I technologies must accommodate
heterogeneous security infrastructures and information exchange/security mechanisms between multiple levels of security. The intelligent systems for C4I research
focuses on providing the agent technology capabilities that will produce highly relevant tactical events for mounted or dismounted commanders, leaders and Soldiers;
improve the timeliness, quality and effectiveness of actions; and speed the decision-making process of small teams operating in complex natural or urban terrain.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0602783A(Computer and
Software Technology)/Project Y10(Computer/Information Science Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.635
Title: Communication for Tactical Networks
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 44 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.822
FY 2015
1.900
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H48 / Battlespace Info & Comm Rsc
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: Perform research to provide communications capability for a fully-mobile, fully-communicating, and situationallyaware force operating in a highly dynamic, wireless, mobile networking environment populated by hundreds to thousands of
networked nodes.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed techniques to enhance overall operational capacity and military effectiveness of networks by adaptive management
of quality of information and user trust in composite networks. The results contributed to novel capabilities in tactical mobile
communication networks that enhance effective communications of Warfighters in the networks by maximizing delivery of
information of highest quality as well as managing trust in the information and the network.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop a framework for modeling quality of information, which enhances communications by delivering more relevant information
(enhancing decision making); research use of non-traditional communication technologies (optical & ultra-violet (UV)) to support
connectivity in radio frequency (RF) challenged environments; and identify and develop limits, techniques and algorithms for
unicast and multicast communications over hybrid networks (wired and wireless networks).
FY 2015 Plans:
Will conduct analysis, simulation, and experiments to develop new communications networking capability in harsh tactical
environments (exploitation of low frequency communications, mobility and autonomy to maintain connectivity, and mapping
connectivity regions to blend with mobility planning and sensing); develop quality of information theories based upon humanin-the-loop analysis; and develop mathematical representations for the quality of information of static and dynamic data and its
effectiveness for situational awareness.
Title: Data to Knowledge to Support Decision Making
2.377
Description: Design and implement a laboratory-scale common information-processing infrastructure, inclusive of cloud
computing for networking processes that aids in the transformation of data into actionable intelligence to support decision-making
under uncertainty.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated techniques for more closely coupling decision algorithms with image processing techniques to enhance and
accelerate current data collection and information retrieval algorithms to improve exploitation of tactical intelligence.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate algorithms and techniques (in-house, academia, and industry) for exploiting context and value of information from
unstructured full motion imagery and text including the leveraging of industry investment in graphic processing units (GPU) and
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 45 of 97
R-1 Line #2
2.653
2.500
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H48 / Battlespace Info & Comm Rsc
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
cluster-based computing architectures; investigate techniques for adaptive data collection on collaborating mobile platforms to
improve current decision making capabilities.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will research the effect of context-dependent information exploitation on the situation awareness of intelligence analyst and
soldiers at the edge by constraining the problem domain in an effort to reduce computational complexity and increase accuracy
of specific baseline algorithms; experimentally validate the value of information construct within a tactical military decision
support system; and investigate algorithms for intelligent exploration and focused data collection in relevant environments using
collaborative mobile platforms.
Title: Information Protection for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET)s
4.371
4.998
6.100
1.050
1.169
1.100
Description: Perform research in protecting information in highly mobile wireless tactical environments, where networks must
operate under severe bandwidth, energy, and processing constraints, and without reliance on centralized security services.
Beginning in FY15, includes work previously conducted under Network Science for MANETs nd Tactical Communications.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed new security protocols suitable for use in hybrid networks by leveraging and integrating techniques of both wireless
and wired environments. The new protocols contribute to novel capabilities that enable the Warfighters to detect and defeat
malicious activities of adversaries on tactical networks and hosts in MANETs, with a special focus on mobility effects.
FY 2014 Plans:
Enhance security techniques and algorithms decrease detection time and ensure information protection while maintaining
suitability for operation in both tactical mobile and hybrid networking environments. These methods will improve the capability of
Soldiers to detect and defeat malicious activities of adversaries on mobile tactical networks.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will develop security processes and techniques to provide information protection in mobile dynamic environments, where
mobile devices are connected to coalition networks serving as forward-deployed devices at the edge; develop techniques to
minimize energy required to support security functions; develop security protocols and processes for using tactical cloudlets as
a shared resource among Warfighters and coalition forces; and develop and characterize algorithms for detection and analysis
of adversarial malicious operations on networks that involve the above mentioned complexity of mobility, resource constraints,
inconsistency and shared resources.
Title: Multi-Lingual Computing Research
Description: Establishes formal methods for bridging language barriers in tactical environments, incorporating state of the art
techniques in machine translation and natural language processing.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 46 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H48 / Battlespace Info & Comm Rsc
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed novel techniques for quantifying language similarity across military domains and assess the effectiveness of those
techniques in extending existing translation engines to new military decision constraints in order to improve Soldier effectiveness
in foreign-language tactical environments.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate use of information extracted from machine translated text in constructing task-based metrics and predictive models
of machine translation quality, for low-resource languages and domains. This will enable situation awareness when information
sources are multi-lingual in nature.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will identify and extract event-based information from large amounts of text written in different genres in different languages
and dialects to support temporal and spatial relation analyses in situational awareness; and examine the extension of linguistics
analysis techniques to image processing.
Title: Network Science for MANETs and Tactical Communications
0.923
1.027
- 3.358
3.756
3.500
Description: Study the behavior of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) as part of the Army's Network Science initiative.
Emphasis is on mobile communications networks research with the Army's University Affiliated Research Center, the Institute for
Collaborative Biotechnologies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (PE 0601104A/Project H05). In FY15 this effort is
moved to Information Protection for MANETs.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed techniques and algorithms for assessing and optimizing the impact of social, cognitive and information structures on
the behavior and performance of Army networks. The resulting techniques and algorithms support network technologies to enable
Warfighters to anticipate and manage information, and social and communication effects, in network-enabled Mission Command.
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop methodologies, techniques and algorithms for the analysis of realistic finite networks, that will provide insights for the
design and provisioning of tactical, mobile, ad-hoc networks to improve network performance; and develop mathematical models
of dynamic networks that will enable the representation of group interactions, the analysis of the behaviors of such networks, and
the characterization of the fundamental limits on information flow within such networks.
Title: Advanced Computing
Description: Investigate computing and networking architectures, algorithms, and visualization techniques to support advanced
battle command applications for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, and Intelligence (C4I) systems.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 47 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H48 / Battlespace Info & Comm Rsc
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Implemented new scalable programming models for cloud-computing and performed benchmarking for the ARL Mobile Network
Modeling Institute battle scenario of C4ISR-on the move. The advanced computing approaches support taking supercomputing
as a deployable asset to the battlefield enhancing real-time Situational Awareness in tactical environments.
FY 2014 Plans:
Explore use of mathematical approaches that allow the prediction of certain outcomes using incomplete information and develop
scenarios for verification and validation; and verify and validate scalable programming models and software developed for tactical
computing concept.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will explore novel models to represent advanced computing coupled with real-time battlefield information processing while
meeting tactically relevant turn-around and scheduling requirements and constraints; and extend models to include power and
performance metrics as part of the wider knowledge base in forming an application signature-processor pairing that can be used
to perform intelligent processor selection on a case-by-case basis.
Title: Network Science Technology Experimental Center
5.849
Description: Supports in-house Network Science studies in conjunction with the Network Sciences Collaborative Technology
Alliance (PE 0601104A/Project H50).
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed and validated approaches and techniques to characterize, assess, model, and predict the performance of a notional
composite network;examined the interaction of social, informational and communication processes as they adapt to changes in
mission, adversarial attacks and changes in tactics, and structure. The results contributed to the development of tools to equip
Warfighters with the capability to anticipate and manage the effects of information, social and communication dynamics on tactical
networks for mission command.
FY 2014 Plans:
Examine the interaction of social, informational and communication processes as they adapt to changes in mission, adversarial
attacks and changes in tactics, and structure; begin designing and developing composite trust management tehniques and metrics
that consider the interactions between social, information and communication networks; and begin developing techniques to
model a hybrid network (wired and wireless).
FY 2015 Plans:
Expand the wireless emulation capabilities to include the interactions among communication, social, and information networks;
continue to develop techniques for modeling the performance of hybrid networks; and develop, analyze and validate composite
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 48 of 97
R-1 Line #2
6.120
5.220
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H48 / Battlespace Info & Comm Rsc
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
trust management techniques and metrics that consider the interactions between social, information and communication networks.
These efforts will provide improved understanding of tactical network behaviors, improved network designs, secure information
flows and enhanced decision-making.
Title: Quantum Information Sciences
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
- - 5.000
19.563
21.545
25.320
Description: Perform research to enable new techniques for ultra-precise navigation, timing, communications and imaging using
atomitronics and spintronics (quantum measurement and sensing devices based upon atoms and spin, respectively, instead of
electrons). Conventional techniques for sensing magnetic fields, gravity, and timing have reached a plateau in their performance,
and will be severely impacted in future contested-battlefield environments. This research brings forth new insights regarding the
use of quantum science to enhance Warfighter effectiveness.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will study physics of compact (wrist-watch scale) atom chips (an atom chip uses quantum properties of atoms to sense gravity
and acceleration) needed for a precise position/navigation/timing (PNT) sensor; study fundamental atomic physics of quantum
repeaters, for an eventual hybrid quantum communication system, based on transmission of single photons that are quantum
mechanically entangled with quantum memories; and obtain new insights into "writing" and "reading" laser-cooled rubidium atoms
to store and later retrieve a single photon from the atomic ensemble over long haul optical fiber.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 49 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H52: Equip For The Soldier
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
1.056
1.146
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
1.103
FY 2015
Total
- 1.103
FY 2016
1.124
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
H52 / Equip For The Soldier
FY 2018
1.137
1.156
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
1.179
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research to achieve technologies for the Soldier of the future which focus on core technology areas that include mathematical modeling,
physical and cognitive performance, polymer science/textile technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and combat ration research. The research effort is targeted
on enhancing the mission performance, survivability, and sustainability of the Soldier by advancing the state-of-the-art in the sciences underlying human performance,
clothing, and protective equipment to defend against battlefield threats and hazards such as ballistics, chemical agents, lasers, environmental extremes, and ration
shortfalls.
Work in this project provides theoretical underpinnings for PE 0602786A (Warfighter Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering Science and Technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work is performed and managed by the Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.056
Title: Equipment for the Soldier
Description: This project supports basic research to achieve technologies for the Soldier of the future which include mathematical
modeling, physical and cognitive performance, polymer science/textile technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and combat
ration research.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Explored different methods to extract a concise feature vector to describe the shape of the human body: implemented
computational algorithms to extract the shape-vectors of three-dimensional (3D) scans from the US Army and Marine Corps 3D
scan database; made modifications to available models to reflect the material dependencies on vapor concentration and solubility
to understand experimental transport data for constituent membranes and laminates and linear permeation models.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 50 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.146
FY 2015
1.103
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H52 / Equip For The Soldier
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Explore the permeation phenomena of multilayer films leading to improved barrier properties for the myriad needs for effective
polymer films; investigate the cognitive foundations of spatial navigation for route planning through complex environments;
continue to explore the aerodynamics and structural behavior of permeable structures under dynamic loads for improving
parachute performance.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will examine thermal degradation mechanisms in selected natural materials as basis for potential flame/fire protection
approaches; create nonwoven electrospun composites of unique composition and examine their properties and material behavior
to provide foundation for robust, Soldier-based sensing of pathogens in food and ambient environment.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 51 of 97
R-1 Line #2
1.056
1.146
1.103
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
H57: Single Investigator Basic
Research
#
FY 2013
- FY 2014
69.342
80.342
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
81.245
FY 2015
Total
- FY 2016
81.245
87.862
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
FY 2017
89.077
FY 2018
88.046
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
93.767
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters extramural basic research to create and exploit new scientific discoveries and technology breakthroughs, primarily from universities, that will improve
the Army's transformational capabilities. Current technologies are unable to meet the operational requirements of the future force. The Army Research Office of the
Army Research Laboratory (ARL) maintains a strong peer-reviewed scientific research program through which leap-ahead technological solutions may be discovered,
matured, and transitioned to overcome the technological barriers associated with next generation capabilities. Included are research efforts for increasing knowledge
and understanding in fields related to long-term future force needs in the physical sciences (physics, chemistry and life sciences), the engineering sciences (mechanical
sciences, electronics, materials science and environmental science (atmospheric and terrestrial sciences)), and information sciences (mathematical sciences, computing
sciences, and network sciences). Targeted research programs in nanotechnology, training and simulation, smart structures, multifunctional and micro-miniature
sensors, intelligent systems, countermine, compact power, and other mission-driven areas will lead to a future force that is more strategically deployable, more agile,
more lethal, and more survivable. The breadth of this basic research program covers approximately 900 active, ongoing research grants and contracts with leading
academic researchers and approximately 1,600 graduate students yearly, supporting research at nearly 250 institutions in 50 states.
Work is this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 62618A (Ballistics
Technology)/Project H80 (Survivablity and Lethality Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed extramurally by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
7.768
Title: Basic Research in Life Sciences
Description: Pursues fundamental discoveries in life sciences with the ultimate goal of facilitating the development of novel
biomaterials to greatly enhance Soldier protection and performance. More specifically, i) molecular genetics research pursues
fundamental studies in molecular and systems biology, and genetics, ii) neurosciences research investigating the physiology
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 52 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
8.190
FY 2015
8.300
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
underlying perception, neuro-motor output, and potential methods of monitoring cognitive states during activity, iii) biochemistry
research focuses on studies in structural and cell biology, metabolic processes, and biophysics, iv) research in microbiology
pursues studies in microbial physiology, ecology, and evolution, v) social science research aims to elucidate the social, cultural,
and other influences to human actions, and vi) auditory and signal processing research to map the cognitive implications of
multisensory information integration.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Efforts studied fundamental genetic and physiological properties that impact human cognitive and physical performance under
normal and stressed conditions; explored mechanisms that control the organization of biomolecules, and novel approaches to
support biological activity outside of the cellular environment; elucidated mechanisms of microbial adaptation and antimicrobial
resistance; studied the fundamental physiology underlying cognition and novel non-invasive methods to monitor cognitive
processes; and explored the basic theoretical foundations of human behavior across various temporal and spatial scales.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate the genetic plasticity of bacterial genomes during long-term stationary phase growth and develop an empirical
understanding of the general mechanisms by which genomic (gene-based), transcriptomic (RNA-based), and proteomic
(protein-based) prokaryotic features respond to alterations in the population-genetic environment, to ultimately enable accurate
identification of the origin of biological threats; investigate and characterize sensory auditory processing to determine how Soldiers
can separate several streams of sounds into meaningful sequences in order to develop algorithms to augment both natural and
automated hearing in noisy and confused environments; assemble and characterize a synthetic biological receptor and signaling
program within a bacterial strain capable of encapsulating itself within a natural cellulose filter, which may ultimately enable new
chemical/biological detection applications; characterize the resolution of holographic microscopy for visualizing microbes based
on recent discoveries in lens-less holographic imaging, which in the long term may replace optical microscopes, enabling lowcost, rugged microscopes for field use; and design and validate robust optimal social system interventions based on a more formal
understanding of feedback mechanisms with the objective of avoiding failed negotiations, socio-economic crises and societal
collapse.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will identify the genetic networks and epigenetic factors that enable the survival of bacteria in extreme stress conditions, which
may reveal new insight into stress resilience and survival in eukaryotic organisms, and ultimately enable the engineering of
microorganisms better suited to rugged industrial production conditions; expand studies of previously-demonstrated DNA
assembly method to determine whether diverse nanostructured shapes can be carved from a common three dimensional (3D) DNA block, which may provide a future template for generating hybrid materials with the advantages of both biological and
synthetic systems; characterize the molecular dynamics and evolution of associative memory in bacteria, which will be an
important step towards understanding microbial adaptation potential for use as a potential tool to be exploited for microbial
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 53 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
forensics analyses; and devise a model for the automated synthesis of neuro-cognitive computational models derived from brain
activity to determine whether it is possible to mathematically link functional brain data to cognitive states, which could ultimately
lead to new applications for assessing and improving Soldier mental performance such as battlefield training, and treatment of
disorders such as post-traumatic stress diorder (PTSD).
Title: Basic Research in Environmental Sciences
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
3.028
3.774
2.000
8.640
9.418
9.600
Description: Basic research in the environmental sciences is needed for the Army to operate effectively because terrestrial
and atmospheric conditions and processes affect virtually all aspects of Army activities. The earth's surface environment is a
multifaceted and dynamic system, and there is an increasing need for multidisciplinary approaches to address important research
questions within the atmospheric and terrestrial sciences.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Environmental sciences developed new approaches to improve the resolution and tradeoffs in high fidelity modeling of
atmospheric and terrestrial physical processes; developed new approaches to spatially revise both theoretical and observational
problems associated with the Monin-Obukhov theory; optimized and enhanced the performance of the sensor modalities used
in unexploded ordnance (UXO), landmine, and explosive device detection; and developed constitutive models for near-surface
processes.
FY 2014 Plans:
Pursue atmospheric examinations in the convective boundary layer using vertically pointing clear-air doppler radars and sodars
to measure mean vertical velocities; and improve estimates of soil moisture through a data assimilation approach that utilizes
remotely sensed soil moisture information at coarse spatial resolution and combines it with a physics-based land surface process
model to produce soil moisture estimates at the fine spatial scales of Army operational interest.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will exploit recent theoretical and experimental advances in soft-matter physics to isolate and examine the granular dynamics of
fluid-driven sediment transport, focusing on bed load transport in rivers.
Title: Basic Research in Chemical Sciences
Description: Basic research to achieve advanced energy control, improved threat detection, and novel responsive materials for
Soldier protection. Research efforts will lead to: light-weight, reliable, compact power sources, more effective, lower vulnerability
propellants and explosives for tailored precision strikes with minimum collateral damage, new approaches for shielding the Soldier
and Army platforms from ballistic, chemical, and biological threats, and reducing signatures for identification by the enemy, and
advance warning of explosive, chemical, and biological weapons and dangerous industrial chemicals.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 54 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Conducted research on ionic liquids in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of how their structure effects physical properties,
such as transport, viscosity, and conductivity; explored series of switchable catalysts that are capable of altering their activities in
response to changes in their oxidation states in an effort to produce precisely controlled microstructures; and explored covalently
immobilized peptides and proteins on non-biological surfaces to understand how the bio/abio interface can be manipulated to
promote desired biological structure and function.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Explore and characterize the reaction pathways for nitroaromatics and nitramines (classes of compounds that include explosives)
to determine mechanisms by which these molecules undergo dissociation to initial product species; investigate nanoscale
patterning of protein-based fibers on non-biological surfaces to understand how these surface properties can be manipulated
to control the structure and function of biological molecules, and testing novel single-molecule probes to investigate proteins in
near-surface environments at the molecular level, for potential long-term applications in chemical and biological defense; and
investigate electrochemical systems utilizing new materials with controllable structures and chemical properties that may ultimately
enable lighter, more efficient batteries or fuel sources.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate and characterize the ionic states of energetic compounds which will enable the design of safer (e.g. during
transport and storage), more powerful explosives and propellants; identify fundamental mechanisms and properties that control
the assembly and dissociation of supramolecular systems upon influence of external stimuli, such as toxic chemicals, enzymes,
or changes in pH, which will ultimately lead to new capabilities for protection from, and inactivation of, chemical and biological
warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals; synthesize polymeric materials employing unique building motifs with the goal of
creating a self-assembled complex ensemble - the ensemble's response to a variety of conditions will be used to determine how
the state of the system can be controlled in a nonlinear manner, which may ultimately lead to new materials or coatings that can
detect and repair defects; and probe transport processes in confined media to reveal an improved understanding of ion transport,
which will provide new long-term applications such as fuel cell membranes with higher ionic conductivity to provide the Soldier
with more effective portable power systems.
Title: Basic Research in Physics
10.953
Description: Focuses on research in many subfields of physics, including condensed matter physics, optical physics, atomic and
molecular physics and quantum information, with an emphasis on discovering new realms of quantum and optical phenomena.
Pursuit of fundamental physics in these subfields provides new opportunities for future developments in superior optics, ultrasensitive sensors, and novel electronic architectures for classical and quantum computing.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 55 of 97
R-1 Line #2
12.281
12.800
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Investigated quantum optics of metamaterials including exploration of fundamentally new quantum effects including the photon
spin and the interaction with negative index materials; explored the control of light filaments and long distance propagation;
continued attempts to demonstrate a 25 atto-second laser pulse; began studies of high intensity laser light; designed and tested
alternative cooling techniques for use on molecules not amenable to traditional laser-cooling approaches; investigated protected
states of matter in condensed matter as well as atomic and molecular systems; investigated non-equilibrium states in ultra-cold
atomic optical lattices; implemented and characterized multi-qubit states; researched methodology for the rational design of
novel quantum many-body states in complex oxide heterostructures; identified the defect tolerance in a series of complex oxides;
performed in-situ chemical analysis of complex oxides; and identified and characterized new candidate materials for topological
insulators with strong electronic interactions.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate dynamics of thermally-isolated systems in atomic systems which will facilitate the future engineering of new materials
with dynamic properties for the future warfighter; design and demonstrate laser-plasma beams using ultra-short pulsed lasers
and investigate the unique light-propagation characteristics in the atmosphere not possible with conventional lasers, which may
ultimately enable standoff detection of explosive residue; explore high-intensity lasers as a method for creating gamma ray beams
that may ultimately obviate the need for conventional large, expensive, immobile, reactors or extremely hazardous reactive
materials; design and explore quantum systems, such as nitrogen in synthetic diamond, for low-power high-precision sensing
and imaging exceeding the capabilities of current classical systems; design and synthesize topological insulators (e.g., a novel
type of material that changes electrical properties based on its three-dimensional structure); and discover and characterize the
properties of these new topological insulators under varying magnetic and electrical conditions, which may enable new ultrasensitive detectors and ultra-low power electronics.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will explore the infrared and optical responses of electrostatically-induced effects in correlated oxides, such as metal-to-insulator
transitions, which may lead to advanced electronic technologies for sensing and computational hardware; investigate new
synthetic physics in cold quantum gases, which will ultimately contribute to the development of cold-atom interferometers for ultraaccurate navigation and quantum computing applications for secure communication; detect single molecular ion spectra using
laser-cooled atomic ions by exploiting previous research on trapped ions for quantum information science, which may ultimately
lead to capabilities beyond what is possible with classical systems, such as resource optimization, optimal wargaming, efficient
and secure command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) that will greatly
benefit the DoD, airline, financial, and telecommunications industries; demonstrate and characterize microjoule-level laser pulse
energies for 150 attosecond pulses in the 30-70 eV photon energy range (>1,000 times higher than the current world record),
which may enable future applications in standoff explosives detection and sensing through obscurants.
Title: Basic Research in Electronics and Photonics
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
9.854
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 56 of 97
R-1 Line #2
10.905
11.500
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: Pursues discoveries in electronic sensing, optoelectronics, solid state and high frequency science, electromagnetics,
microwaves, and power electronics for situational awareness, communications, information processing, electro-magnetic warfare,
and power efficiency.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Synthesized mercury cadmium selenide on gallium antimonide substrates and investigate its optical and structural characteristics
for infrared detection; developed novel vertical cavity transistor lasers with high modulation rates; developed biologically-inspired
RF direction finding antenna arrays and associated signal processing techniques based on the operation of the human auditory
system; and investigated nanoscale constructs within cells and engineered nano-structures.
FY 2014 Plans:
Improve optical quality and coherency of mid infrared lasers to facilitate free space optical communications, ladar and infrared
countermeasures; show feasibility of semiconductor-less infrared detection that utilizes electron tunneling; explore time-frequency
and non-laplacian phenomena to understand and extend the fundamental performance limits of radio, radar, and electronic
warfare systems; and develop terahertz frequency photomixing arrays with 10x improvement in output powers to enable the
remote detection of chemical, biological and explosive threats.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will show independent tuning of the temperature coefficient of resistance and noise in bolometers to improve signal to noise
ratio of room temperature infrared detectors; show electrically injected, high-speed 1.55 µm nanoscale lasers on a silicon (Si)
platform for potential gains in energy efficiency of computational and sensor systems; show that plasmonic antennas can mitigate
efficiency degradation of conventional antennas at terahertz and optical frequencies to investigate the potential of free-space
interconnects for efficient data communications and energy harvesting; and create and investigate a novel sensor based on
optical dark modes in nanorods for use in biomolecule, chemical sensing, and near-field imaging.
Title: Basic Research in Materials Sciences
6.333
Description: Research that provides innovations in materials design and process through the elucidation of fundamental
relationships linking composition, microstructure, defect structure, processing and properties of materials. Revolutionary materials
provide support for the Army in firepower, mobility, communications, personnel protection, infrastructure and installations, and will
directly affect virtually all mission areas. In FY13, the Mechanical Sciences research description and associated funding moved to
the Mechanical Sciences section within this Project.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Demonstrated novel materials with large electro-caloric effects for thermal management; achieved rapid fabrication and
densification of nanostructured materials with unique combinations of high-pressure and electrical field; established theory to
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 57 of 97
R-1 Line #2
7.067
7.200
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
guide the design and fabrication of multifunctional materials incorporating programmable responses and hierarchical constructs;
fabricated novel three dimensional (3-D) topological insulators with unsurpassed bulk resistivity and surface electron mobility; and
demonstrated the ability to translate biochemical activity onto inorganic surfaces.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Establish the use of resonant optical effects to achieve size sorting of microspheres in solution with unprecedented precision;
demonstrate a new class of materials for low power sensing based on variable temperature conduction; provide a robust
computational methodology to predict the relationships between a material's electronic structure, its local elastic properties, and
its composition for the vast majority of transition metal critical points; and fabricate novel fully transparent materials with record
hardness and toughness for advanced protection.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which living cells regulate intracellular biochemical activity with mechanical force and
design novel materials with force-activated control; provide novel functional materials with unprecedented physical properties
through strongly linked multi-scale models developed specific to the materials systems; and complete a vigorous investigation of
two-dimensional non-graphitic atomic layers and heterostructures and identify advanced material properties and capabilities.
Title: Basic Research in Computing Sciences
5.518
Description: Provides the backbone for performing complex, multi-system analysis, modeling and simulation for understanding
information systems. Advancements in computer sciences have a direct impact on enhancing the Warfighters' decision-making,
situation awareness, command and control, as well as on the overall performance of weapon, intelligence, transportation and
logistics systems. In FY13, the Mathematical Sciences research description and associated funding moved to the Mathematical
Sciences section within this Project.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Continued to explore and investigate new effective computing architectures, computational methods and software tools;
developed new methods for data sensing and fusion over large volumes of social data; and continued long term efforts to develop
methods for the tomography of social networks, for predicting individual and collective human behaviors in the war against
terrorism, and developed structural methods for automatic machine translation.
FY 2014 Plans:
Explore robust computational methodologies for large dataset processing and analysis with optimized data representations,
and obtain optimal realization of Real-Time Multi-core Systems to support complex, resource-demanding, real-time Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) applications; create new image data feature analysis and pattern classification methods
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 58 of 97
R-1 Line #2
7.724
8.145
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
for object detection, recognition, and long-term tracking under challenging dynamic conditions; and develop quantification and
metrics for effective analysis of social-interaction phenomena for better prediction of unusual social events in asymmetric defense.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will establish new knowledge in acquiring, computing, and analyzing big data in a trusted fashion, and investigate novel
techniques for processing multi-modal data that may be in the form of text, photo, video, and audio so that actionable intelligence
and timely information can be extracted and derived for better situation awareness and better decision making; investigate new
concepts such as value of information, and invest in new research opportunity areas such as social informatics; and pursue efforts
on information assurance with a special focus on hardware based resilient techniques.
Title: Basic Research In Network Sciences
5.912
Description: Focuses on gaining an understanding of the fundamental aspects of how networks develop, function, and adapt
to the environment and the rate of information flow in manmade and naturally occurring networks. This understanding will have
a direct impact on net-centric force operations, such as better communication system design and operations, and more efficient
logistics or communications support.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Evaluated mathematical models of how information spreads through groups/networks using a Behavioral Game Theory
framework; developed mathematical models of decision making using neuroscience experiments in collaboration with Life
Sciences, with attention being paid to errors in human judgment; and investigated game theory derived from observational data to
understand microbe adaptations and micro-scale locomotion and control for micro-bio-robots.
FY 2014 Plans:
Explore the notion of a tipping point (e.g., when a society changes its views) from a Statistical Mechanics perspective and from
a Behavioral Game Theory perspective, with attendant efforts to reconcile the two views; continue mathematical modeling of
neuronal structures informed by experiments to grow neurons and extend to capture cognitive intelligence that arises from
networks of neurons; study games derived from observation with respect to equilibrium and robustness properties and validate on
problems related to reasoning about adversarial networks; and study the effect of human networks on communication networks
with the goal of finding effective bandwidth/spectrum/resource utilization.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will study interconnected networks and how failure in a network spreads to other networks; investigate rigorous mathematical
theories that bring together statistical mechanics, operations research, game theory and reliability theory that could predict how
failures propagate and when/how failures could be controlled; explore new game theory inspired models for how economic and
social factors lead to large societal changes, such as Arab spring style revolutions; and study tensor decomposition of spectral
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 59 of 97
R-1 Line #2
8.260
8.400
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
graphs that arise from big data in social networks with a view towards automatically learning the structure of networks and their
properties.
Title: Basic Research in Mechanical Sciences
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
5.649
6.445
6.700
5.687
6.278
6.600
Description: Focuses on improved understanding of propulsion and combustion for improved efficiency and fuel flexibility,
energetics initiation for insensitive munitions, fluid dynamics for rotorcraft, complex dynamic systems for novel sensors, energy
generation and multi-dimensional systems, and solid mechanics especially at high strain rates in composite materials for novel
armor and protection systems.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Established the differential geometry (geometric mechanics) of multi-body/granular media interactions; developed an
understanding to enable JP-8 surrogate fuels for diesel engine cycle studies; investigated novel nano-thermodynamic corrections
for prediction of hot spots in energetic material; and investigated the flow mechanisms associated with transitory aerodynamic
loading affected by flow control on the boundaries of stationary and moving platforms.
FY 2014 Plans:
Conduct counter-flow burner studies for investigating high molecular weight hydrocarbon fuel and jet fuel chemistry at elevated
pressures up to 2.5MPa; investigate novel transparent fully cross-linked Molecular Interpenetrating Polymer Composites
(MIPCs) under high strain rate loading conditions; develop a new representation of the Navier-Stokes equations providing rapid
convergence when compared to existing solvers for equivalent flow field models, grid types and grid sizes; and elucidate the
fundamental physical interactions responsible for energy dissipation and quality factor magnification within prototypical nanoelectromechanical systems.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will gain understanding of oxidizer behavior in energetic materials via determination of how the morphology and phase behavior
is evolving during the heating and reaction process; will demonstrate new capabilities to actively control entropy production and
free energy exchange in arrays of molecular motors; develop a reduced-order methodology suitable for the study of the large
parameter design space associated with "dynamic stall"; and develop a numerical modeling approach capable of quantifying the
formation of shear bands and dynamic crack propagation of structural materials under high strain rate loading.
Title: Basic Research in Mathematical Sciences
Description: Pursue the creation of new mathematical tools and methods for performing complex, multi-system analysis and
modeling to enhance soldier and weapon-system performance. More specifically, the focus is on creating mathematical principles
and practical algorithms for stochastic analysis and control, analysis and control of biological systems, numerical computation of
infinite-dimensional systems and modeling of irregular geometric and social phenomena.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 60 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H57 / Single Investigator Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Created new numerical methods and algorithms that facilitate improved aerodynamic performance of helicopters in adverse
conditions as well as enabled optimal design of supersonic projectiles; continued to develop a multivariate heavy-tail statistical
theory and developed algorithms to improve modeling capability for complex systems; and created new mathematical tools,
computational algorithms, and capabilities that deepens understanding of protein-ligand docking.
FY 2014 Plans:
Conduct innovative basic research in statistical analysis, commutative and quantum stochastics and control, multiscale
computational methods, computational cell and molecular biology and fundamental laws of biology in order to revolutionize
methodologies for information assurance, counter-terrorism, next generation communication networks, weapon design, testing,
and evaluation, and coordination and collective decision-making.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will conduct innovative basic research in statistical analysis, infinite-dimensional stochastics and control, multiscale procedures
that transfer information among multiple sets of scales, identification and quantification of fundamental principles of biological
dynamics often through multiscale modeling, representation of three dimensional (3-D) terrain and new metrics for small-group
social and sociolinguistic phenomena. This mathematical sciences research will lead to improved conventional and quantum
information networks and information processing, soldier health and performance, decision making, training, simulation and
mission planning.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 61 of 97
R-1 Line #2
69.342
80.342
81.245
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H66: Adv Structures Rsch
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
1.853
2.017
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.006
FY 2015
Total
- 2.006
FY 2016
2.044
FY 2017
2.068
Project (Number/Name)
H66 / Adv Structures Rsch
FY 2018
2.102
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
2.142
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project funds basic research for improved tools and methods to enable the structural health monitoring capabilities and condition-based maintenance for rotorcraft
and ground vehicles. This research also enables the design and use of composite structures that can better address the cost, weight, performance, and dynamic
interaction requirements of future platforms identified by the Army Modernization Strategy. Ultimately, these technologies result in safer, more affordable vehicles
with a greatly reduced logistics footprint. This project is a joint Army/NASA effort that includes structures technology research into: structural integrity analyses; failure
criteria; inspection methods which address fundamental technology deficiencies in both metallic and composite Army rotorcraft structures; use of composite materials
in the design and control of structures through structural tailoring techniques; rotorcraft aeroelastic modeling and simulation; helicopter vibration (rotating and fixed
systems); and the design and analyses of composite structures with crashworthiness as a goal. The problems in structural modeling are inaccurate structural analysis
and validation methods to predict durability and damage tolerance of composite and metallic rotorcraft structures and inadequate structural dynamics modeling methods
for both the rotating and fixed system components to address reliability issues for future aircraft. The technical barriers include a lack of understanding of failure
mechanisms, damage progression, residual strength, high-cycle fatigue, the transfer of aerodynamic loads on the rotor to the fixed system, and impact of these unknown
loads on aircraft components. Technical solutions are focused on: advanced fatigue methodologies for metallic structures, improved composites technology throughout
the vehicle, long-term investigation of integrated stress-strength-inspection, advanced methods for rotor system vehicle vibratory loads prediction, improved methods
to predict vehicle stability, and improved analyses to address Army Aviation requirements. These advancements will extend service life, reduce maintenance costs,
enhance durability, and reduce the logistics footprint of existing and future Army vehicles. This is the only basic research project supporting investigations for rotorcraft
and ground vehicle structures within the Department of Defense.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to Program Element (PE) 0602211A (Aviation Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the U.S.Army Research Laboratory (ARL), using facilities located at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, and at
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.853
Title: Structural Analysis and Vibration Methods
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 62 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.017
FY 2015
2.006
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H66 / Adv Structures Rsch
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: This research explores new structural analyses and validation methods to achieve more accurate predictions of
durability and damage tolerance in composite and metallic rotorcraft structures and evaluates structural dynamics modeling
methods to address critical reliability issues in the rotating and fixed system components of future aircraft.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Validated progressive failure analysis methods and fatigue damage model of composites under various loadings and composite
configurations to address failures in Army vehicle composite structures; assessed sensor technologies embedded in composite
materials to enable multifunctional structures and to improve the capability to predict the remaining useful life of Army vehicle
structures; investigated an advanced sensing method used for prognostics and diagnostics to reduce maintenance man-hours and
to increase the availability of Army weapon systems.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate adaptive seat damper materials and strategies for improved vibration reduction over a variety of terrains and for
different gross vehicle weight configurations; develop and demonstrate a virtual testing capability for lightweight composite
structures by integrating probabilistic methods, which are reliant on current and historical data, into existing physics-based
models; develop signal processing algorithm for tracking damage transients; and investigate three-dimensional printing of novel
multifunctional materials for micro air and ground vehicle applications.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate strategies for improvement of durability of vehicle platforms through the introduction of novel composite materials;
develop and demonstrate a probabilistic tool for the development of novel composite materials to address specific structural
performance requirements; develop the capability to capture and quantify precursors to damage in structural components that will
enhance the operation and sustainability of future vehicle systems; and demonstrate three-dimensional printing of multifunctional
structural components for air and ground vehicle applications.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 63 of 97
R-1 Line #2
1.853
2.017
2.006
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 64 of 97
R-1 Line #2
Project (Number/Name)
H66 / Adv Structures Rsch
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
H67: Environmental Research
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
0.935
1.030
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
0.903
FY 2015
Total
- 0.903
FY 2016
0.920
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
H67 / Environmental Research
FY 2018
0.931
0.946
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
0.965
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project focuses basic research on innovative technologies for industrial pollution prevention (P2) that directly supports the Army production base and weapon
systems and addresses non-stockpile chemical warfare (CW) site remediation. Work in pollution prevention invests in next generation manufacturing, maintenance, and
disposal methods that will result in significantly reducing the usage of hazardous and toxic substances and their associated costs. The goal is to decrease the overall
life-cycle costs of Army systems by 15-30% through the application of advanced pollution prevention technologies. The CW remediation efforts concentrate on the
application of biotechnology in the characterization and physical clean up of agent contaminated soils and groundwater and reduced corrosive and more environmentally
benign decontamination of biological warfare (BW) agents on field equipment and weapon systems, with the goal of reducing the cost of remediating a site by at least
50% versus the use of conventional methods. CW thrusts include establishing the ecotoxicity of CW compounds, environmental fate and effect of CW compounds
in soils and biodegradation of CW compounds. Pollution prevention thrusts include: environmentally acceptable, advanced, non-toxic processes to manufacture
lightweight alternative structural materials to enhance weapon system survivability; clean synthesis of more powerful and improved energetic compounds to eliminate
the use of hazardous materials and minimize the generation of wastes; and surface protection alternatives to hazardous paints, cadmium, chromium, and chromate
conversion metal and composite surfaces.
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with the Army Environmental Requirements Technology Assessment (AERTA) requirements. The program
element contains no duplication with any effort within the Military Departments.
The cited work provides the technical underpinnings for PE 0602618A (Ballistics Technology).
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Armament, Research, Development and Engineering Center, Picatinny, NJ.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
0.935
Title: Industrial Pollution Prevention
Description: This effort conducts research on innovative environmentally-friendly technologies that support the warfighter
(focusing on pollution prevention technologies).
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Conducted research on mechanics of antibiotic and disinfectant resistance from wastewater treatment and research into synthesis
of biofuels.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 65 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.030
FY 2015
0.903
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
H67 / Environmental Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Research gasification/biofuels technology, green technologies for energetic/propellants to eliminate hazardous materials, next
generation of bio-based materials from sustainable resources and microbial resistance to disinfectants.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will research green technologies for new energetics/propellants, airborne lead reduction in Army weapon systems, and
environmentally friendly technologies to support Army soldier systems; will select projects to support the Army Environmental
Requirements and Technology Assessments (AERTA).
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 66 of 97
R-1 Line #2
0.935
1.030
0.903
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
S13: Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
11.172
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
10.696
11.005
FY 2015
Total
- 11.005
FY 2016
11.248
FY 2017
11.378
Project (Number/Name)
S13 / Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
FY 2018
11.560
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
11.789
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters basic research leading to medical countermeasures for naturally occurring diseases impacting military operations. Basic research for this project
provides an understanding of the mechanisms that make organisms infectious and mechanisms that render the human body response effective to prevent diseases
caused by infectious agents. Understanding the biological characteristics of infectious organisms also enables the development of point-of-care and laboratory-based
diagnostic tools (use for the identification of the nature and cause of a particular disease). Understanding of disease transmission by insects and other organisms helps
in developing new interventions to prevent transmission of such diseases. Infectious disease threats from malaria, diarrhea, and dengue (a severe debilitating disease
transmitted by mosquitoes), which are common in Africa, Central, European, Southern, and/or Pacific Commands, are the highest priorities for basic research.
Research conducted in this project focuses on the following five areas:
(1) Prevention/Treatment of Parasitic (organism living in or on another organism) Diseases
(2) Vaccines for the Prevention of Malaria
(3) Bacterial Disease Threats
(4) Viral Disease Threats
(5) Diagnostics and Disease Transmission Control
Work is managed by USAMRMC in coordination with the Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC). The Army is responsible for programming and funding all
Department of Defense naturally occurring infectious disease research requirements, thereby precluding duplication of effort within the Military Departments.
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with PE 0602787A (Medical Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering Science and Technology, focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and NMRC, Silver Spring, MD, and their overseas laboratories.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
3.521
Title: Prevention/Treatment of Parasitic (organism living in or on another organism) Diseases
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 67 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
3.810
FY 2015
3.900
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S13 / Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
Description: This effort conducts basic research to better understand the biology of malaria and leishmaniasis (a skin-based
disease transmitted by sand flies) parasites and to gain the necessary foundation for discovering medical countermeasures
to protect military personnel from infection. Malaria, which can cause fatal and chronic disease, is the most significant military
infectious disease threat. Because the malaria parasite becomes resistant to drugs over time, it is necessary to continually search
for parasite weaknesses that can be exploited with new, effective drugs and vaccines.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Modified candidate compounds active against malaria and Leishmania parasites to improve their anti-parasitic activity with a goal
to transition these compounds to pre-clinical studies in an animal model.
FY 2014 Plans:
Optimize candidate anti-parasitic drugs by chemically modifying them to improve their safety, efficacy, and bio-availability. These
modified compounds will be evaluated in animal models for down-selection of best compounds of interest.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will continue to identify new lead candidate drugs and combinations to stay ahead of emerging drug resistance in malaria
parasite. Will identify new technologies to deliver drugs into the human body by using novel formulations.
Title: Vaccines for Prevention of Malaria
2.331
Description: This effort conducts basic research to better understand and identify new proteins in the design of candidate
vaccines for various types of malaria including the severe form of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and the less severe but
relapsing form (Plasmodium vivax). A highly effective vaccine could reduce/eliminate the use of antimalarial drugs and also
reduce the development of drug resistance to current/future drugs.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Formulated and evaluated newly identified vaccine candidates and assessed mechanisms of protection in animal models and
compared novel formulations of malaria vaccines for protective effectiveness in animal models.
FY 2014 Plans:
Assess immunogenicity (immunity or an immune response) and protective effectiveness of new vaccine candidates in smallanimal models to determine suitability in formulations of multiple antigen vaccines (an antigen is a substance, usually a protein, on
the surface of a cell or bacterium that stimulates the production of an antibody).
FY 2015 Plans:
Will identify and characterize mechanism of protective immunity. Will continue to assess immunogenicity (immunity or an immune
response) of new vaccine candidates in small-animal models to determine suitability in formulations of multiple antigen vaccines
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 68 of 97
R-1 Line #2
2.307
2.500
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S13 / Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
(an antigen is a substance, usually a protein, on the surface of a cell or bacterium that stimulates the production of an antibody).
Will identify and characterize new technologies to deliver candidate vaccine into the human body by using novel formulations.
Title: Bacterial Disease Threats
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
1.948
1.537
1.538
1.739
1.571
1.600
Description: This effort conducts research to better understand the biology of bacterial organisms and their effects on humans, as
well as how to prevent wound infections, diarrhea (a significant threat during initial deployments), and scrub typhus (a debilitating
mite-borne disease that is developing resistance to currently available antibiotics).
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Undertook discovery of and evaluated new vaccine components needed for vaccine protection for severe bacterial diarrhea based
on prior studies; evaluated different components from pathogens causing diarrhea for their ability to induce protection against
these organisms; and developed further knowledge of bacterial wound infection pathogens to develop effective treatments.
FY 2014 Plans:
Study the mechanism by which diarrheal pathogens stick to the wall of the intestine to develop countermeasures against these
pathogens and study novel methods of formulating vaccine candidates to effectively deliver them inside the human body. Study
mechanism of bacterial wound infection pathogens to develop effective treatments.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will explore common platforms for a combination vaccine against Campylobacter (leading bacterial cause of food borne disease
in many developed countries), Shigella (bacteria that causes diarrhea, similar to salmonella), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (leading
bacterial cause of diarrhea) (three agents causing diarrhea). Will identify epidemiologic (area of medicine that deals with the study
of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations) importance of enteric pathogens (gastrointestinal organisms) to
develop strategies for preventing diarrhea in deployed US forces. Will define correlates of protection (indicator of effectiveness) in
animal models. Will identify new techniques and tools for improved infection control and wound healing. Will identify, and evaluate
novel methods for prevention of highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria trauma-associated infection.
Title: Viral Threats Research
Description: This effort conducts research to better understand human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other highly lethal
or incapacitating viruses, including those that cause hemorrhagic diseases (severe viral infection that causes internal bleeding)
such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (a life-threatening form of the dengue fever caused by a virus and transmitted by a mosquito)
and hantaviruses (severe viral infection that causes internal bleeding and is contracted from close contact with rodents). Basic
research includes understanding risk of disease prevalence to the Warfighter, viral biology (including structure, function, life cycle,
and interactions with the environment), the disease process, and disease interaction with the human body.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 69 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S13 / Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Studied and evaluated the basis of dengue disease and how the immune system reacts to it; evaluated factors that contribute
to causing dengue hemorrhagic fever that occurs in a subset of infected individuals only; developed methods of distinguishing
between protective and non-protective antibodies that will be used as surrogate markers of protection when evaluating vaccines
against dengue infection; determined the contribution of various cells present in human body to provide protection against dengue
infection and/or dengue disease; studied and evaluated pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever caused by hantaviruses (a family
of deadly viruses transmitted by rodents); and studied the biology of HIV to understand the impact of human genes on HIV
acquisition and progression to inform vaccine development.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Study the role of human cells and antibodies to develop medical countermeasures to prevent and/or treat diseases caused by
hantaviruses (a deadly virus responsible of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) and dengue; conduct epidemiological studies
(study of the causes and transmission of disease within a population) to determine the prevalence and incidence of dengue
fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever over time in diverse populations; and use the epidemiological information to develop and/
or maintain vaccine test site infrastructure for the purpose of evaluating promising dengue vaccine candidates for safety and
effectiveness.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will identify and evaluate the role of human cells and antibodies in developing preventive and/or treatment countermeasures for
diseases caused by hantaviruses (a deadly virus responsible of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome). Will identify host and
viral determinants of dengue disease severity. Will explore innovative vaccine designs, adjuvant (agent that enhances the effect
of vaccines) systems, and delivery methods for dengue virus vaccine. Will continue epidemiological (area of medicine that deals
with the study of the causes, distribution and control of disease in populations) studies with all types of dengue present world-wide
to determine the prevalence and incidence of dengue fever (a severe debilitating disease caused by a virus and transmitted by
a mosquito) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (a life-threatening form of the dengue fever caused by a virus and transmitted by a
mosquito).
Title: Diagnostics and Disease Transmission Control
1.633
Description: This effort conducts research to investigate the biology of biting insects (including mosquitoes and leishmaniasisinfected sand flies) and other organisms that transmit disease (disease vectors) and their control. This effort also expands medical
diagnostic and disease surveillance capabilities in the field. This research will help to direct new interventions into preventing
disease transmission.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 70 of 97
R-1 Line #2
1.471
1.467
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S13 / Sci BS/Med Rsh Inf Dis
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Identified novel fast-acting, directly targeted, insecticides that rapidly degrade to harmless by-products; investigated nextgeneration risk assessment tools for evaluating potential infectious disease transmission in insects (beyond modeling); and
developed identification keys for medically important insect vectors.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Develop identification keys for the medically important arthropod (e.g., ticks, mosquitos, and sandflies) vectors in alternative
geographic areas not previously studied but potentially deployable locations and evaluate new technologies selected as part of the
new-generation diagnostic systems for use in the deployed setting for detection of pathogens in humans.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will explore innovative technologies (traps, attractants, and devices) for vector (organisms that transmit disease) surveillance in
military operations. Will continue to develop user friendly, web-based, geographical identification keys for the medically relevant
arthropods and insects (e.g., ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies). Will identify novel pesticide matrices/application strategies for
vector control. Will explore passive arthropod repellent systems/strategies that do not require pesticide applications.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 71 of 97
R-1 Line #2
11.172
10.696
11.005
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
S14: Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- 8.794
FY 2014
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
9.167
10.553
FY 2015
Total
- 10.553
FY 2016
9.827
FY 2017
9.970
Project (Number/Name)
S14 / Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
FY 2018
10.141
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
10.325
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research to understand the fundamental mechanisms of severe trauma to advance treatment and surgical procedures to save lives and
improve medical outcomes for the Soldier. Experimental models are developed to support in-depth trauma research studies. This project includes studies of predictive
indicators and decision aids for life-support systems, studies to heal and repair burned or traumatically injured tissue, traumatic brain injury (TBI), sight and face trauma,
and transplant technology. Such efforts will minimize lost duty time from and provide military medical capabilities for far-forward medical/surgical care of injuries, as well
as post-evacuation restorative and rehabilitative care.
Research conducted in this project focuses on the following five areas:
(1) Damage Control Resuscitation
(2) Combat Trauma Therapies
(3) Combat Critical Care Engineering
(4) TBI
(5) Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with PE 0602787A (Medical Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology, priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD; the U.S. Army Dental Trauma Research Detachment (USADTRD) and the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical
Research (USAISR), Fort Sam Houston, TX; and the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM), Fort Detrick, MD.
Research conducted in this project focuses on the following five areas:
(1) Damage Control Resuscitation
(2) Combat Trauma Therapies
(3) Combat Critical Care Engineering
(4) TBI
(5) Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with PE 0602787A, Project 874.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 72 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S14 / Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology, priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD; the U.S. Army Dental Trauma Research Detachment and the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research
(USAISR), Fort Sam Houston, TX; and the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM), Fort Detrick, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Title: Damage Control Resuscitation
FY 2013
1.295
FY 2014
1.617
FY 2015
2.700
0.767
0.783
0.800
Description: This effort conducts studies of genetic pathways and metabolic (biochemical activity) mechanisms associated with
blood clotting to understand the relationships between the human immune processes and bleeding in trauma.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Conducted studies aimed at reducing effects on cells caused by hemorrhage (bleeding) in an animal model during resuscitation to
determine the role of an enzyme in protecting cells.
FY 2014 Plans:
Conduct studies of re-engineered blood products to control traumatic bleeding and treat shock and perform studies to better
understand the genetic basis of survival from hemorrhage.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will conduct studies of cell and tissue protective drugs as potential new candidate alternatives to blood products and fluids when
these are not available.
Title: Combat Trauma Therapies
Description: This effort conducts studies of trauma to tissues and organs and ways to mitigate and/or repair this damage.
Research addresses cellular repair/growth mechanisms to treat TBI, dental (facial and oral) injuries, extremity wounds and
fractures, and burns.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Continued to study the relevant model of bone defect to create a model for use in evaluating new therapies and identify factors
capable of minimizing the development of chronic inflammation.
FY 2014 Plans:
Study mechanisms to manipulate the molecules, cells, and structure of the skin to optimize healing, appearance, and function.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 73 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S14 / Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will begin studies to determine the optimal thicknesses of skin grafts for more rapid closure and improved functional outcomes of
face wounds.
Title: Combat Critical Care Engineering
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
0.629
0.857
0.803
0.660
0.990
1.500
Description: This effort conducts basic science studies of vital sign responses to trauma as predictors of medical outcomes and
as a basis for developing life-saving interventions.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Continued studies to investigate differences in physiological responses between individuals with high- and low-tolerance to blood
loss as a path to tailoring resuscitation to individuals.
FY 2014 Plans:
Perform research on decision support algorithms that use non-traditional vital signs to assess patient physiologic status and
continue studies of algorithms for early identification of individuals with high- and low-tolerance to blood loss to optimize
resuscitation.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will continue research on decision support algorithms using non-traditional vital signs to assess patient status and optimize fluid
resuscitation. Will conduct studies to identify new physiological (characteristic of or appropriate to an organism's healthy or normal
functioning) information that distinguish individuals with high and low tolerances to blood loss.
Title: Traumatic Brain Injury
Description: This effort conducts basic research in poly-trauma (multiple injuries)/Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) model, cellular
mechanisms of cell death, and the discovery of novel drugs and medical procedures to mitigate the effects of TBI.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Conducted research to further understand cell death and neuroprotection (protecting degeneration of the nervous system)
mechanisms, and identified critical thresholds for secondary injury (i.e., polytrauma) complicating TBI.
FY 2014 Plans:
Apply systems biology metrics to models of mild and severe TBI to aid in discovery of novel proteins in the blood that appear
as a result of traumatic injury, which may aid in diagnosis of TBI; perform basic research to study the brain and nervous system
during the first 2 months following head injury to identify predictors of long-term consequences of TBI; and continue research to
understand cell death and neuroprotection (protection of the brain) mechanisms and determine critical thresholds for secondary
injuries (polytrauma) complicating TBI.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 74 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S14 / Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will continue studies applying systems biology metrics to models of mild and severe TBI to aid in discovery of novel proteins in
the blood that appear as a result of traumatic injury, which may aid in diagnosis of TBI. Will continue basic research to study the
brain and nervous system during the sub-acute (weeks) and chronic (months) periods after head injury to identify predictors of
long-term consequences of TBI. Will continue research to understand cell death and neuroprotection (protection of the brain)
mechanisms and determine critical thresholds for secondary injuries (polytrauma) complicating TBI. Will conduct studies to
determine the time course of neuroplasticity (capacity of the nervous system for adaptation or regeneration after trauma) markers
during the post-injury recovery periods.
Title: Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
5.443
4.920
4.750
8.794
9.167
10.553
Description: This effort conducts basic studies of mechanisms of tissue growth and traumatic injury to gain an understanding that
will assist or facilitate the healing or transplantation process. The focus is placed on severe blast trauma to the limbs, head, face
(including eye), and genitalia, abdomen and burns.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Explored the mechanisms of eye trauma injury and the epidemiology (studying incidence or prevalence of injury) of eye trauma
wounds and explored innovative strategies to regenerate tissues and advance promising approaches to the applied research
phase.
FY 2014 Plans:
Evaluate the cellular mechanisms of eye trauma injuries to identify promising therapies for eye trauma wounds and explore
the epidemiology (studying incidence or prevalence of injury) (including severity) of eye trauma injuries and explore innovative
strategies to regenerate tissues and advance promising approaches to the applied research phase to repair extremities (arms and
legs), craniomaxillofacial (head, neck, face, and jaw), genital, and abdominal regions.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will explore the cellular mechanisms and functional challenges of eye trauma injuries and advance promising therapies for eye
trauma wounds into the applied research phase; correlate the epidemiology (incidence, prevalence and severity) of eye trauma
with clinical outcomes; explore innovative strategies to regenerate and reconstruct tissues to enable promising approaches to
advance into the applied research phase through directed experimentation in the lab and in animal models to address injury of the
extremities (arms and legs), craniomaxillofacial (head, neck, face and jaw), genital, and abdominal regions.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 75 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 76 of 97
R-1 Line #2
Project (Number/Name)
S14 / Sci BS/Cbt Cas Care Rs
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
S15: Sci BS/Army Op Med Rsh
#
FY 2013
- FY 2014
5.013
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
7.366
6.815
FY 2015
Total
- 6.815
FY 2016
FY 2017
6.636
6.720
Project (Number/Name)
S15 / Sci BS/Army Op Med Rsh
FY 2018
6.831
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
6.961
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters basic research on physiological and psychological factors limiting Soldier effectiveness and on the characterization of health hazards generated
by military systems and resulting as a consequence of military operations. This project includes research on the neurobehavioral aspects of post-traumatic stress and
suicide and develops concepts for medical countermeasures to prevent or mitigate the effects of muscle and bone injury as well as to reduce the effects of sleep loss
and other stressors on Warfighter performance. The hazards of exposure to directed energy, repetitive use, fatigue, heat, cold, and altitude are also investigated under
this project.
Research conducted in this project focuses on the following four areas:
(1) Injury Prevention and Reduction
(2) Physiological Health
(3) Environmental Health and Protection
(4) Psychological Health and Resilience
Work in this project complements and is fully coordinated with PE 0602787A (Medical Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology, priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD; US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), San
Antonio TX; and the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.174
Title: Injury Prevention and Reduction
Description: This effort identifies biological patterns of change in Soldiers during states of physical exertion, identifies
physiological (human physical and biochemical functions) mechanisms of physical injury and exertion that will predict
musculoskeletal (muscle, bone, tendons, and ligaments) injury, and establishes laser dose-response for eye tissue.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 77 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.185
FY 2015
1.000
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S15 / Sci BS/Army Op Med Rsh
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Identified indicators of cellular responses to determine efficacy of intervention strategies related to injury susceptibility in the
skeletal muscle; diagnosed and characterized repeated and long-duration exposure from military lasers; and characterized
ocular injury as a function of shock wave (resulting from explosion of an improvised explosive device) impulse in a large-eye
animal model to establish advanced triage, treatment, and prevention methodologies. These data will lead to our understanding
of multiple ocular injuries from a single blast or laser exposure and will also anchor predictive biophysical models to prevent or
mitigate Soldier eye injury from blast.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Explore musculoskeletal injury and repair mechanisms to identify possible therapeutic targets that regulate skeletal muscle and
bone function; assess damage to the retina (a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye that receives an image from the
lens and sends it to the brain through the optic nerve) of the eye following changes to long-duration exposures using advanced
ophthalmic (eye) imaging systems and retinal scanning devices; and establish ocular (eye) injury metrics for blast exposures.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will explore inflammatory processes in muscle and surrounding tissues following physical injury and during cellular repair using
cell and animal models. Retinal imaging (photographic procedure that details the optic nerve, retinal blood vessels and the light
sensing tissues in the back of the eye) will be used to examine and document the presence or absence of visible retinal alterations
following blast exposure to rodents and laser exposures to eyes in a non-human primate model.
Title: Physiological Health
1.789
Description: This effort conducts research on the physiological (human physical and biochemical functions) mechanisms of
sleep, fatigue, and nutrition on Soldier performance and well-being.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Determined muscle metabolic responses to nutritional deficit; identified the relationship between micronutrient and bone
adaptation during military training; and identified the effects of energy deficits on human brain function and cognitive performance.
These results will lead to an increased understanding of the benefits of adequate nutrition for the Warfighter.
FY 2014 Plans:
Determine whether electrical brain stimulation can be used to induce sleep; explore promoting sleep during intervals between
missions when sleep is not physiologically required; establish nutritional requirements for optimizing muscle formation and repair;
determine the effects of various nutritional interventions on cell function; explore various nutritional interventions that might
enhance resistance to cellular injury; and explore nutritional interventions that might promote physiological improvements to
training and enhance recovery from physical injury.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 78 of 97
R-1 Line #2
3.041
2.515
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S15 / Sci BS/Army Op Med Rsh
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will investigate the metabolic mechanisms underlying injury recovery and explore the capability of macronutrients and
micronutrients to promote metabolic recovery using cell and animal models. Will determine the neurophysiological (branch of
physiology that studies how the nervous system functions on a molecular and tissue level) basis of recuperation during sleep and
explore the use of pharmacological (drugs/pharmaceuticals) and non-pharmacological approaches for improving the recuperation
processes during sleep.
Title: Environmental Health and Protection
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
0.453
0.804
0.800
1.597
2.336
2.500
Description: This effort conducts research on the physiological (human physical and biochemical functions) mechanisms of
exposure to extreme heat, cold, altitude, and other environmental stressors.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Identified how clinical pathways alter progression and extent of organ damage following heat injury/stroke. These studies will
determined the role of inflammation in multi-organ failure, and the results will be used to develop protective treatments against
damage to internal organs resulting from heat exposure.
FY 2014 Plans:
Identify metabolic pathways that are regulated by inflammation, which increases heat stroke susceptibility and/or alters the time
course and extent of organ damage following heat injury that results in multi-organ failure, and explore treatments to protect
against organ damage resulting from heat injuries.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will use animal models to identify sensitive biomarkers of organ damage and delineate the molecular pathways of heat injury. This
data can be used to identify targets for therapeutic interventions to accelerate recovery from heat injury.
Title: Psychological Health and Resilience
Description: This effort conducts research into the basic mechanisms of psychological resilience (i.e., mental toughness and the
ability to overcome traumatic events) and post-concussion related mental and physical challenges and includes determination
of suicide risk and understanding underlying mechanisms driving suicidal behavior, as well as underlying neurobiological
mechanisms related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Identified markers to indicate the effectiveness of candidate medications for PTSD treatments, and through exploration with an
animal model, existing candidate compounds are evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of PTSD. Neural systems' response to
depression treatment is used to inform development of optimized treatment regimen for depression.
FY 2014 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 79 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
S15 / Sci BS/Army Op Med Rsh
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Determine whether a sleep-related intervention strategy can enhance resilience to concussion/mild TBI effects in a proof-ofconcept rodent model and evaluate the extent to which sleep is effective for enhancing resilience to concussion, which will
potentially provide a preventative strategy to decrease negative consequences of concussions; establish cellular mechanisms for
regulation of PTSD symptoms associated with increased stress sensitivity and increased anxiety in a rodent model of PTSD.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2015 Plans:
Will utilize an animal model for traumatic exposure, traumatic stress symptoms, and recovery to do a preliminary screening of
pharmaceuticals that may impact mental health status. The results of these studies will create a methodology for sequential
testing of novel pharmaceuticals that will lead ultimately to clinical trials for the treatment of PTSD. Will identify the association of
exposure to blast and/or blunt impact on the likelihood of a brain concussion in a rodent model.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 80 of 97
R-1 Line #2
5.013
7.366
6.815
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
T22: Soil & Rock Mech
#
FY 2013
- FY 2014
3.951
4.577
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
5.704
FY 2015
Total
- 5.704
FY 2016
4.484
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
T22 / Soil & Rock Mech
FY 2018
4.548
4.624
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
4.710
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters basic research to correlate the effects of the nano- and micro-scale behavior on the macro-scale performance of geological and structural materials
to provide a foundation for the creation of future revolutionary materials and to revolutionize the understanding of sensor data within a heterogeneous geological
systems. This research encompasses geologic and structural material behavior, structural systems, and the interaction with dynamic and static loadings. Research
includes: underlying physics and chemistry that controls the mechanics and electromagnetic behavior of geological and structural materials, new techniques that provide
measurements at the fundamental scale, and fundamental theories for relating nano- and micro-scale phenomena to macro-scale performance.
Work in this project provides the basis for applied research in PE 0602784A (Military Engineering Technology), Project T40 (Mobility/Weapons Effects Technology).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering science and technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.042
Title: Military Engineering Basic Research
Description: Funding is provided for this activity
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed basic wave propagation/sensor interaction knowledge, modifications to current and future data analysis, processing,
and classification algorithms to account for use of conduit, and produced a modeling framework for future variable manipulation.
FY 2014 Plans:
Quantify the amplitude, frequency content, and time series of seismic loads caused by the impact of tools on granular media;
determine the effect of snow grain shape on near-infrared reflectance; estimate soil texture and moisture from polarimetric
imaging.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will develop improved understanding of interaction between gel chemistry and concrete to reduce explosive spalling under ultrahigh temperatures; will investigate multi-temporal radar physics to identify frequency dependencies of roughness scale and grain
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 81 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.318
FY 2015
2.404
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T22 / Soil & Rock Mech
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
size of dielectrically similar soils and snow; will direct tunable bacteriophage morphology to assemble high-ordered nano-scale
structures.
Title: Materials Modeling for Force Protection
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
1.909
2.259
3.300
3.951
4.577
5.704
Description: The long-term goal of this task is to develop a structural ceramic composite that could replace steel and aluminum
for most applications at one third the weight. To accomplish this goal, a technical ceramic such as silicon carbide will have to be
improved five-fold in tensile strength and fracture toughness.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Created experimental techniques that provide measurements at the nano- to micro-scale that allowed for validation and
verification of simulations of material. These techniques generated a better understanding of how bio-lamina are created and how
or if those processes can be exploited for synthesis and self-healing.
FY 2014 Plans:
Model deformation and change in particles using a novel Mixed Least Squares method for Finite Elements that permits
discontinuities in the displacement field of the particles; determine if polycrystalline ceramics can theoretically be improved by
multiple-fold current values of fracture toughness and tensile strength; determine energy dissipation mechanisms in nano-coiled
vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with a stiffness gradient under dynamic loading conditions.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will identify and introduce energy dissipation mechanisms in novel multi-layered, heterogeneous structural systems to achieve
significant weight reduction; will investigate fundamental nano-scale parameters of biological protective materials on the
macro-scale damage variables of a multi-layered protective material, where the macro-scale variables will be incorporated into
simulations of multi-layered nano-composite materials.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 82 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
T23: Basic Res Mil Const
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
1.618
1.772
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.102
FY 2015
Total
- 2.102
FY 2016
1.733
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
T23 / Basic Res Mil Const
FY 2018
1.757
1.787
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
1.820
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
Work in the project fosters basic research and supports facilities research initiatives. The research is focused on forming an explicit and mathematically robust set
of algorithms for geometrical reasoning; assessing the conceptual feasibility of applying nanoparticle technology to real-time sensors, thermal conductivity, and high
strength materials; and developing novel and advanced concepts for mitigating the effect of chemical and biological agents in built structures. These efforts provide
basic research leading to improved design in a range of facilities to optimize facility mission performance, enhance facility security, reduce design and construction
errors and omissions, reduce resource requirements, and reduce the environmental burdens over the facility's life. This project provides leap-ahead technologies to
solve military-unique problems in the planning, programming, design, construction, and sustainment of deployed facilities, and energy and utility infrastructure.
Work in this project provides the basic research basis for applied research in PE 0602784A (Military Engineering Technology), Projects T41 (Military Facilities
Engineering Technology) and T45 (Energy Technology Applied to Military Facilities).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering science and technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.618
Title: Facilities Research
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Completed investigations of enhanced heat transfer of hybrid surfaces and switching mechanisms in bioinspired polymers.
FY 2014 Plans:
Determine the relationship between amino acid sequence and nanostructure self-assembly properties in a unique protein motif;
redirect electron flux from highly reduced organic fermentation products towards hydrogenase production.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 83 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.772
FY 2015
2.102
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T23 / Basic Res Mil Const
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will determine fundamental processes in microbial interactions with surfaces that lead to bio-fouling and corrosion; will re-create
plant photosynthesis processes in an artificial cell matrix.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 84 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
1.618
FY 2014
1.772
FY 2015
2.102
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
T24: Signature Physics And
Terrain State Basic Research
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
1.424
1.600
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.005
FY 2015
Total
- 2.005
FY 2016
1.635
FY 2017
1.655
Project (Number/Name)
T24 / Signature Physics And Terrain State
Basic Research
FY 2018
1.681
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
1.715
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research to increase knowledge in the areas of terrain state and signature physics. It investigates the knowledge base for understanding
and assessing environmental impacts critical to battlespace awareness. Projects include fundamental material characterization, investigation of physical and chemical
processes, and examination of energy/mass transfer applicable to predicting state of the terrain, which control the effects of the environment on targets and target
background signatures and mobility in support of the materiel development community. The terrain state area of terrestrial sciences investigates weather-driven terrain
material changes and sensing/inferring subsurface properties. The signature physics area of terrestrial sciences focuses on understanding the dynamic changes to
electromagnetic, acoustic and seismic signatures, and energy propagation in response to changing terrain state and near surface atmosphere.
Work in this project provides a foundation for applied research in PE 0602784A (Military Engineering Technology), Project 855 (Topographical, Image Intel and Space)
and T42 (Terrestrial Science Applied Research).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering science and technology focus areas and the Army Modernization
Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.424
Title: Analysis for Signal and Signature Phenomenology (Previously titled - Terrain State and Signature Physics)
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Formulated new statistical approaches for improved sensing and communication systems operating in complex terrestrial
environments with new quantitative measures for heterogeneity and intermittency of random terrestrial media; formulated a
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 85 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
1.600
FY 2015
2.005
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T24 / Signature Physics And Terrain State
Basic Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
methodology for assessing motivational intensities (cognitive-based processes) contributing to movement patterns in constrained
landscapes.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate and quantify full waveform Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) backscatter characteristics and known system
response to enhance sensor calibration models for increased target identification in variable terrain environments; research and
define annually repeating spatial snow patterns as a function of topography, vegetation, and weather, and determine the efficacy
and utility of this new knowledge to improve satellite derived snow mapping estimates of depth and density for enhancing water
storage estimates and mobility products.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate radio frequency propagation signal loss in mountainous terrain shadow zones to determine causes of attenuation
variance to model predictions and determine the utility of a low frequency simulation with reduced computational demand to
emulate actual high frequency behavior; will enable realistic modeling of high bandwidth impulsive waveforms to improve space/
time localization of high resolution acoustic and electromagnetic receivers by extending wave propagation theory in random media
to include decorrelations of signals over separations in space and time resulting from dynamic variability of the atmosphere.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 86 of 97
R-1 Line #2
1.424
1.600
2.005
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
T25: Environmental Science
Basic Research
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
5.620
7.171
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
7.303
FY 2015
Total
- 7.303
FY 2016
7.028
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
T25 / Environmental Science Basic
Research
FY 2018
7.129
7.251
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
7.385
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research to investigate fundamental scientific principles and phenomena necessary to ensure efficient development of the technologies
needed to address Army sustainment issues in the restoration, compliance, conservation, and non-industrial pollution prevention areas. These efforts include:
investigating and monitoring contaminated sites, including chemical contamination and unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection/discrimination; better characterization
of contaminants through improved risk-based assessment; destruction, containment, or neutralization of organics in water, soil, and sediments resulting from military
activities; adhering to applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations; monitoring and controlling noise generation and transport; protecting and
enhancing natural and cultural resources; reducing pollution associated with military activities; and the study of ecosystem genomics and proteomics in support of the
Army's new Network Science initiative.
Work in this project provides a fundamental basis for applied research in PE 0602720A (Environmental Quality Technology), Project 048 (Industrial Operations Pollution
Control Technology), Project 835 (Military Medical Environmental Criteria) and Project 896 (Base Facilities Environmental Quality).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering science and technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
Work in this project is performed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.607
Title: Environmental and Ecological Fate of Explosives, Energetics, and Other Contaminants
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Initiated research on amphibian response to various militarily relevant chemicals and materials to develop an understanding of if
and how these unique organisms are impacted; developed an understanding of transport of compounds through cellular channels
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 87 of 97
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FY 2014
2.794
FY 2015
2.900
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T25 / Environmental Science Basic
Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
that will allow information for more sensitive nano-sensors; investigated the new insensitive munitions behavior and persistence in
environmental condition and media.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Understand the fundamental physics that control transport of both ionic and neutral species through nanochannels; rapidly
characterize structural changes in integral membrane proteins upon ligand binding; determine soil mobility and bioavailability of
IMX-101 in terrestrial systems; expand the metabolic capacity of aerobic RDX- degrading bacteria to enable degradation of 4nitro-2,4-diazabutanal.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will determine the fundamental biological mechanisms that predict interactions of new insensitive munitions with environmental
constituents; will increase understanding of chemical-environmental interactions and ecosystem functions for advanced sensing;
will provide underlying mechanisms of biological networks to utilize in man-made systems.
Title: Fundamental Understanding of Explosives, Energetics and UXO in the Environment
1.567
2.296
2.396
0.491
1.007
1.107
Description: Previously titled:Remediation of Explosives, Energetics, and UXO
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated the mineralization of depleted uranium munitions and effects on solubility, sorption, and mobility; explored novel
microbial systems for degrading energetic compounds; and studied the bioavailability implications of interactions between
munitions constituents and performance enhancing nano-material in mixtures.
FY 2014 Plans:
Determine the potential for bioaccumulation and food-chain transfer of 2,4 Dinitroanisole; isolate and chemically identify
predominant phytosiderophores and/or organic acids exuded by two grass plants that may serve to complex lead; identify
and characterize novel biocatalysts involved in the direct incorporation of molecular oxygen into amines resulting in a green
biosynthesis route to energetic.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will determine the potential for use of aquatic biological systems as a basis for trace chemical sensors in water; will determine
how understanding of chemical impact on biological systems can be translated across different species through similarities in
molecular systems; will identify the mode of toxic interactions of multiple chemical mixtures in the IMX.
Title: Training Land Natural Resources
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 88 of 97
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UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T25 / Environmental Science Basic
Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Investigated how climate induced change affects the adsorption and biotransformation characteristics of northern peat-land
ecosystems; conducted mechanistic investigations of Lead (Pb) chemical separation by plant exudates to advance understanding
on the potential for plant exudates to mobilize Pb in the presence of environmentally relevant completing interactions; analyzed
pollination networks and nectar-dwelling yeast communities and discerned shared dynamics and structural interactions between
two systems to continue to advance the fundamental knowledge for management of rate and endemic plant and pollinator species
on Army ranges.
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Devise a mathematical description of multiple scattering of impulsive signals that includes variability due to spatial and size
distributions of scattering objects; determine how climate induced change affects the adsorption and biotransformation
characteristics of peatland ecosystems; characterize and compare munitions compounds and insenstitive munitions impacts on
critically sensitive larval stages of amphibian development.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will study how invasive species impact the affected ecosystem at the molecular level; will investigate potential of novel
mechanisms to assess ecosystem components utilizing specialized monitoring of unique sounds.
Title: Network Science
0.955
1.074
0.900
5.620
7.171
7.303
Description: Funding is provided for the following effort.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Investigated the molecular architecture that dictates the highly specific ligand preference of insect pheromone receptors based on
amino acid networks for intelligent receptor design; investigated genetic and genomic basis of intra-species variance in sensitivity
to munitions and reduced uncertainty in risk/toxicity assessment of military sites; explored the trade-offs between adaptability and
susceptibility within self-organizing biological networks.
FY 2014 Plans:
Investigate genetic and genomic basis for differences in chemical sensitivity between different asexually or sexually reproducing
populations; characterize sensitivity to traditional (lead) and insensitive (dinitroanisole) munitions over time under ideal and
stressful conditions; quantify the long-term contribution of environmental stress to sensitivity drifting in age stratified, reproducing
populations.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate how molecular design impacts biological function and how this can be translated to man-made systems like
robotics; will investigate biological cell assembly mechanisms for man-made systems and programming.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 89 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 90 of 97
R-1 Line #2
Project (Number/Name)
T25 / Environmental Science Basic
Research
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
T63: Robotics Autonomy,
Manipulation, & Portability Rsh
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- 1.760
FY 2014
1.990
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
7.000
FY 2015
Total
- 7.000
FY 2016
7.286
FY 2017
7.218
Project (Number/Name)
T63 / Robotics Autonomy, Manipulation, &
Portability Rsh
FY 2018
7.443
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
8.140
Total
Cost
- - The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project supports basic research in areas that expands the autonomous capabilities, utility, and portability of small robotic systems for military applications, with a
focus on enhanced intelligence, biomimetic functionality, and robust mobility, to permit these systems to serve as productive tools for dismounted Soldiers. It enables
future systems to support and unburden Soldiers by integrating technologies with an understanding of cognitive and physical needs, and the missions of the humans and
(non-human) agents operating on the battlefield. The ability of the Warfighter to command a suite of small unmanned systems (e.g., air, ground, and hybrid vehicles)
reduces exposure of the Soldier to harm and improves the efficiency by which a dismounted unit achieves tactical objectives such as securing a targeted zone. Example
missions requiring enhanced autonomy, manipulation, and man-portability include rapid room clearing and interior structure mapping; detection of human presence,
chemical/biological/nuclear/radiological/explosive (CBNRE), and booby-traps; surveillance; and subterranean passage detection and exploration. Because of their
relatively small size, light weight, and service in dismounted environments, small unmanned systems have unique challenges in perception, autonomous processing,
mobility mechanics, propulsive power, and multi-functional packaging that transcend similar challenges associated with large unmanned systems. The U.S. Army
Research Lab conducts research in related disciplines, including machine perception, intelligent control, biomimetic robotics, manipulator mechanics, and propulsive
power and drives to foster the development of technologies for lightweight, small-volume, environmentally-harsh robotics applications. Machine perception research
includes the exploration of lightweight ultra-compact sensor phenomenology and the maturation of basic machine vision algorithms that enable small unmanned systems
to more fully understand their local environment. Intelligent control research includes the maturation of autonomous processing capabilities and the advancement
of artificial intelligence techniques that lead to reliable autonomous behavior in a large-displacement, highly-dynamic environment and permit unmonitored task
performance. Research in biomimetic robotics and manipulator mechanics includes the advancement of mechatronic and biomimetic appendages to enable agile highspeed locomotion, dexterous task-performance, and environmental-manipulation; and the maturing of nonlinear control algorithms to support robust, stable mobility.
Propulsion power and drives research includes investigations of engine cycles and alternative hybrid energy conversion techniques to provide compact, lightweight,
quiet, low-emission, high-density power sources that support highly-portable unmanned systems capable of performing long-endurance missions.
Work in this project supports key Army needs and provides the technical underpinnings to several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0601104A (University and
Industry Research Center)/H54 (Micro-Autonomous Systems Technology Collaborative Technology Alliance) and PE 0602622A (Chemical, Smoke and equipment
Defeating Technology)/544 (Smoke/Novel Effect Munition).
The cited work is consistent with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Science and Technology priority focus areas and the Army
Modernization Strategy.
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 91 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T63 / Robotics Autonomy, Manipulation, &
Portability Rsh
Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Title: Robotics Autonomy and Human Robotic Interface Research
FY 2013
1.760
FY 2014
1.990
FY 2015
2.000
- - 5.000
Description: In-house research with a focus on enabling robust autonomous mobility for small robotic systems, including
autonomous operations in Global Positioning System (GPS) denied areas, planning, behaviors, intelligent control, and the
interface of perception technologies to accomplish Army missions in the area of unmanned systems. These efforts will
include research activities in micromechanics conducted in association with the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology
Collaborative Technology Alliance.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Conducted experimental studies to create a fundamental model of flapping wing locomotion to enable future micro-scale
unmanned aerial vehicle systems; examined the basic concepts and underpinning mechanics of grasping and manipulating
unknown, arbitrarily shaped objects.
FY 2014 Plans:
Conduct experimental studies to investigate the fundamental flow behavior of small scale flyers as it impacts range and
endurance; investigate cognitive approaches for machine perception; explore concepts from game theory and machine learning
to determine adversarial intent from sensor observations; examine mechanics and control related to whole body manipulation; and
examine novel locomotion mechanisms focusing upon energy efficiency and mobility.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will conduct experimental studies related to fundamental flow behavior of very small scale air vehicles; explore algorithms for
semantic labeling and relationship determination between objects in the environment to permit robots to interact with soldiers
using more intiuitive and natural means and to enable the robot to infer the purpose of objects and human activity; and examine
novel locomotion concepts to enable greater efficiency and application in complex and confined environments.
Title: Intelligent Systems
Description: Pursue in-house research that supports and unburdens Soldiers in a flexible, robust, survivable and comprehensive
manner. This work will address the cognitive requirements of humans and (non-human) agents, both hardware and software
based, operating individually or in collaboration, on the battlefield. Emphasis will be placed on perception, reasoning, and
collaboration techniques that can apply to and transfer between a broad range of systems (such as: adaptive communication and
data collection networks; cyber defense, crowd-sourcing and information retrieval software agents; and predictive and explanatory
decision support systems).
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 92 of 97
R-1 Line #2
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T63 / Robotics Autonomy, Manipulation, &
Portability Rsh
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will explore, and characterize architectures and algorithms for intelligent explanation, facilitating human interpretation of machine
outputs; investigate techniques for limited supervised learning to enhance machine recognition of threats and objectives and
assess their impact on baseline planning algorithms; and address socially-inspired concepts for collective intelligence in the
context of dynamic situation assessment, re-organization and collaboration.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 93 of 97
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FY 2013
1.760
FY 2014
1.990
FY 2015
7.000
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
T64: Sci BS/System Biology And
Network Science
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
2.726
2.958
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.398
FY 2015
Total
- 2.398
FY 2016
2.952
FY 2017
Project (Number/Name)
T64 / Sci BS/System Biology And Network
Science
FY 2018
2.996
3.048
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
3.102
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters research investigations through a modernized systematic approach that uses iterative computer simulation with mathematical modeling and
biological information to analyze and refine biological studies. The information gained from these studies have potential to provide a better understanding of the overall
biological system and its molecular network of interactions, which leads to improved early strategic decision-making in the development of preventive and treatment
solutions to diseases. This approach establishes a model for application of computational biology processes and knowledge of biological networks to discover medical
products that prevent and/or treat diseases or medical conditions.
The cited work provides theoretical underpinnings for PE 0602787A (Medical Technology).
Work in this project is performed by USAMRMC, Fort Detrick, MD.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
2.726
Title: Network Sciences Initiative
Description: This effort supports research using iterative computer simulation with mathematical modeling and biological
information to analyze and refine biological studies.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Expanded the identification of TBI biomarkers to include key biological pathways, leading to the development of diagnostic assays
and identification of potential drug targets.
FY 2014 Plans:
Validate and extend algorithm for discovery of biomarkers (key molecular or cellular events that link a specific environmental
exposure to a health outcome) for severe TBI to include moderate and mild TBI; develop systems biology algorithms to establish
new strategies to identify drug targets and therapeutics for malaria- and trauma-induced coagulopathy (abnormal blood clotting);
exploit novel in-silico (performed on computer via simulation) models to identify sensitive biomarkers and determine the time
course of wound healing; and develop mathematical models to characterize how viruses escape immune response to support the
development of anti-viral drugs.
FY 2015 Plans:
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 94 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.958
FY 2015
2.398
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
T64 / Sci BS/System Biology And Network
Science
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
Will use algorithms to investigate the discrimination between biomarkers (key molecular or cellular events, such as the presence
of specific proteins, that link a specific environmental exposure to a health outcome) of mild, moderate, and severe TBI; will test
and extend computational biology algorithms to identify drug targets and therapeutics for conditions such as infectious disease
(e.g., malaria); will develop mathematical models of upper respiratory airflow patterns for the non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary
(lung) diseases; will computationally predict potential drug targets that could induce re-sensitization to current antibiotics in biofilmproducing bacteria (bacteria that can form into a thin layer that adheres to surfaces including tissues of the body, bacterial biofilms
are more antibiotic-resistant); will mathematically model standard vital-sign data to enable the non-invasive prediction of heat
stress injury and allow for timely counteractive measures.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 95 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2013
2.726
FY 2014
2.958
FY 2015
2.398
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
COST ($ in Millions)
VR9: Surface Science Research
#
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Prior
Years
FY 2013
- FY 2014
1.717
2.009
FY 2015
#
OCO
FY 2015
Base
2.500
FY 2015
Total
- 2.500
FY 2016
2.239
FY 2017
2.273
Project (Number/Name)
VR9 / Surface Science Research
FY 2018
2.312
Cost To
FY 2019 Complete
2.354
- Total
Cost
- The FY 2015 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date.
Note
Not applicable for this item.
A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification
This project fosters basic research to establish and maintain a core capability to enable a molecular level understanding of properties and behaviors of materials
relevant to the Army; by developing understanding and ability to manipulate nanostructured materials as a means to tune properties which meet desired performance
requirements; by advancing the scientific understanding of surface properties and interfacial dynamics of complex materials; and by providing scalable processes
grounded in a molecular understanding of materials. This project funds basic research in the characterization of chemical and biochemical phenomena occurring at or
near solid surfaces and interfaces; the interactions between chemical reactions and transport processes on surfaces; theory and modeling of processes at complex
surfaces; and the synthesis and characterization of catalysts that function at the nanoscale. Investment in basic research centered on the surface science disciplines will
enable growth of a knowledge base that will result in improved understanding of the interactions of complex materials in real world environments.
The cited work provides the theoretical underpinnings for PE 0602622A (Chemical, Smoke and Equipment Defeating Technology).
Work in this project is performed by the Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC), Research, Development and Engineering Command, in Aberdeen,
Maryland.
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
FY 2013
1.717
Title: Surface Science Research
Description: The activities in this program are related to performing basic research in chemistry, biology and physics on
fundamental problems related to surfaces, interfacial dynamics, thin film materials, chemical-biological catalysis and optoelectronic/sensory technologies.
FY 2013 Accomplishments:
Developed a robust set of surface science tools, both experimentally and theoretically, that can be used to further our
understanding of surface properties and interfacial dynamics of complex materials; investigate rational design approaches
to metal-metal oxide nano-architectures; systematically model engineered functional systems; investigated the mechanisms
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 96 of 97
R-1 Line #2
FY 2014
2.009
FY 2015
2.500
UNCLASSIFIED
Date: March 2014
Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2015 Army
Appropriation/Budget Activity
2040 / 1
R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)
PE 0601102A / DEFENSE RESEARCH
SCIENCES
Project (Number/Name)
VR9 / Surface Science Research
B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)
governing specific binding or adherence of biological molecules to abiotic surfaces; and performed structural determination and in
silico modeling of trans-membrane proteins from human induced pluripotent cells
FY 2013
FY 2014
FY 2015
FY 2014 Plans:
Perform structural determination and computational modeling of trans-membrane proteins; building on FY13 efforts, continue to
develop a set of surface science tools that further our understanding of surface properties and interfacial dynamics of complex
materials; continue to investigate rational design approaches to metal-metal oxide nano-architectures; continue to systematically
model engineered functional systems; investigate the mechanisms governing specific binding or adherence of biological
molecules to abiotic surfaces.
FY 2015 Plans:
Will investigate chemical and biochemical phenomena occurring at or near solid surfaces and material interfaces, to include
the effects of binding energy, reactions, transport and deposition; the interactions between chemical reactions and transport
processes on surfaces; theory and modeling of processes at complex surfaces; and experimental work focused on the systematic
understanding of surface structure, morphology (the study of form and structure), and surface group properties.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals
C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)
N/A
Remarks
D. Acquisition Strategy
N/A
E. Performance Metrics
N/A
PE 0601102A: DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES
Army
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 97 of 97
R-1 Line #2
1.717
2.009
2.500