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SCHOOL CF SCIENCE
OREGON STATE' COLLEGE
Corvallis, Oregon
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF TA PMAT1RZ CONDITIONS
IN MLEE RE
FOIB
AND IN THE SNAKE RIM BMW ERIE DAM
by
Wayne V.
rt
Associate Professor of Oc sa ography
Technical
ty .
Report No. 1 - S
'U.S. fish and wildlife Service
Contracts
Water Temperature Studies on
the Snake River
July 1957
Reference 57-2
ABSTRbCT
Graphs are presented which show the average animal temperature
depth profile which has been estimated for a position oue mile above
Brownlee Dan. Forecasts are made for median river flow and low river
flow years. The graphs also contain forecasts of the annual temperature
cycle for the Stake River just below Rrownlee Dem.
ho. S7 INTRODUCTION
In recent years Dr. Robert 0.
Engineering,
University of
Sylvester,
Washington,
Department of
has probably spent more
time in the study of water temperature conditions in the
Columbia River Basin than anyone
report to the
Fish and
Wildlife
else.
In his January 1957
Service
(Contract No. 14-19-
008-2419) entitled "Research and Investigation on the Quality
of Water of the Columbia River and Effects on the Fisheries
Resources,"
Dr. Sylvester made the following statement:
"Insufficient data and studies are available to make a reasonably
reliable prediction of water temperature changes that will be
caused by the construction of new reservoirs in the Columbia
River Basin."
IL
R
7
The author of the present report is in agreement with the
above statement after having spent two months in a preliminary
study on this problem in relation to Brownlee Dam.
ictions must await
development, testing,
Good pred-
and application of
beat budget and mixing theories for reservoirs.
In the meantime, while available data are being assembled
estimate"
it is desirable to have a "best
of conditions which may
available methods and data.
the preliminary
occur,
based on presently
As better methods are developed,
estimates presented
in this report will be revised.
.{
l9THODS AND DATA
C
The Idaho Power Company furnished (July 6, 1957) data on
I
and new methods worked out,
2
the capacity and area of Psownl a Reservoir as a function of water
surface elevation along with estimated sonthly flow rates sad
surface elevations for an average low-water year and an average
a
ediara.to- hi meter year.
These data were used to determine the
forecast elevations of the water surface and the average length
of time that It would take water to pass through the reservoir
during all Uses of the year.
The monthly mean measured water to
Sw
eratures at Oc1 r and
Falls for the years 1951, 1955, and 1956 were us" to est-
imate the teeperature, of the water entering the reservoir at its
upper end.
The average air temperatures to be expected over the reservoir
were forecast on the basis of the long term mean routbly air temperatures at Weiser and the 1955-1956 air temperatures at Oxbow
after the
had bean corrected
latter
long term average
for the
mean deviation from
surrounding weather reporting stations
for five
for the years 1955, 1956.
Each month was divided into six pods. The srreunt of water
enter the
which would
upper
end of the reservoir during each
period was considered as a unit. Each unit was followed down
the
reservoir.
Its time of passing through the reservoir would
very from thirteen days
use of the
unit,
to
eighty-six days, depending
the volume of the
reservoir,
on the vol..
and the rate at
which the water was passing through the dam. The teaspeeraturl of
each unit below a depth
of fifty
feet was kept constant as it
passed through the reservoir except for the moths of rapid cooling,
which were October,
November, and December.
"
•
3
The therna1 structure of the surface layer above a depth of
fifty feet and the whole water eolui n - or the
the of October,
November, and December was forecast from the following consid-
erations:
(a) Mean air -water temperature differences, and the
use of Sette's (1940) method for using these differences to forecast the mean temperature of the aurfaoe laye
(b) The simi i-
enities and differences between the flow regime at melee and
at a-and coulee;
(o) Mater temperatures as measured at Oxbow
during 1954, 193,, and 1956;
(d) .0r, cylveater's discussion of
the thermal structure ofrand coulee;
(s) Available data on
thermal structure in other impoundment* as a
fiction of reservoir
volumes and flow rates.
The temperature forecasts for the river below the dam are
based on the estimated temperatures of the reservoir at the depth
at the turbine inlet, In the absence of other dues, the mean
water tetperature would change to near that of the mean air temp.'
era.ture within about five days' flow during the spring and surmer
mouths.
1RE?ER ACES
Settee 0. g., 1940, "Probable Temperatures of Surface Water to be
Stored Above Shasta Dam." Appendix B, Special ScientificReport No. 10, An Investigation of Fish-Salvage Problems In
Relation to Shasta Dace, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington.
Robert 0., 1957, Pesearch
d Investigation on the
Quality of Water of the Columbia Fiver end acts on the
Sylvester,
Fisheries Resources.
No.. 14-19-008-2419.
and
r,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Contract
Prepared under sponsorship of U.S. Fish
Wildlife Service, Seattle,
Washington.
U.S. Fish and ?.'ildlife Service Riverr Basin Studies, 1957, A Pre1iminary Progress Report on Air and Water Tesperatvre
Middle Snake Drainage, 1954-1456.
Studies,
E
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