10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Objective #1
Use Cramer's Rule to solve a system of three equations containing three variables.
Objective #2
Know properties of determinants.
Jan 812:35 PM
1
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
1.
1 2 3
3 1 2
2 4 6
Jan 912:59 PM
2
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Cramer's Rule
Use Cramer's Rule to solve a system of 3 equations with 3 variables.
x + a
12 y + a
13 z = c
1
Given the following system of equations:
{ a
11 a
21 x + a
22 a
31 x + a y + a
23 z = c
2
32 y + a
33 z = c
3 x =
D x
D y =
D y
D z =
D z
D
What do we already know about D ?
Jan 91:09 PM
3
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Cramer's Rule
Given the following system of equations: x + a
12 y + a
13 z = c
1
{ a
11 a
21 x + a
22 a
31 x + a
32 y + a
23 z = c
2 y + a
33 z = c
3 x =
D x
D y =
D y
D z =
D z
D
D
a
11
a
12
a
13 a
21
a
22
a
23 a
31
a
32
a
33
≠ 0
Jan 91:09 PM
4
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Cramer's Rule
Given the following system of equations: x + a
12 y + a
13 z = c
1
{ a
11 a
21 x + a
22 a
31 x + a
32 y + a
23 z = c
2 y + a
33 z = c
3 x =
D x
D y =
D y
D z =
D z
D
D x
= c
1
a
12
a
13 c
2
a
22
a
23 c
3
a
32
a
33
D y
= a
11
c
1
a
13 a
21
c
2
a
23 a
31
c
3
a
33
D z
= a
11
a
12
c
1 a
21
a
22
c
2 a
31
a
32
c
3
Jan 91:09 PM
5
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Cramer's Rule
Given the following system of equations:
{ a
11 x + a
12 y + a
13 z = c
1 a
21 x + a
22 y + a
23 z = c
2 a
31 x + a
32 y + a
33 z = c
3 x =
D x
D y =
D y
D z =
D z
D
D x
= c
1
a
12
a
13 c
2
a
22
a
23 c
3
a
32
a
33
D y
= a
11
c
1
a
13 a
21
c
2
a
23 a
31
c
3
a
33
D z
= a
11
a
12
c
1 a
21
a
22
c
2 a
31
a
32
c
3
D
a
11
a
12
a
13 a
21
a
22
a
23 a
31
a
32
a
33
≠ 0
Jan 91:09 PM
6
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Cramer's Rule
Example: Use Cramer's Rule, if applicable, to solve the following system.
{ 2x + y z = 3
x + 2y + 4z = 3
x 2y 3z = 4
Always check this first!
D = a
11
a
12
a
13 a
21
a
22
a
23 a
31
a
32
a
33
≠ 0
Jan 91:09 PM
7
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Cramer's Rule
Example: Use Cramer's Rule, if applicable, to solve the following system.
{ x y + z = 8
2x + 3y z = 2
3x 2y 9z = 9
Who wants a SHORTCUT?
x = 4, y = 3, z = 1
Jan 91:09 PM
8
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Properties of Determinants
The properties of determinants are listed on pages 765 and 766.
Here are a few that might make some problems easier.
Theorem: The value of a determinant changes sign if any two rows (or any two columns) are interchanged.
5 6
7 8
= 2
7 8
5 6
= 2
Theorem: If any row (or any column) of a determinant is multiplied by a nonzero number k , the value of the determinant is also changed by a factor of k .
3 4
1 2
= 2
3 4
5 10
= 10 one more
Jan 91:09 PM
9
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Properties of Determinants
The properties of determinants are listed on pages 765 and 766.
Here are a few that might make some problems easier.
Theorem: If any two rows (or any two columns) of a determinant have corresponding entries that are equal, the value of the determinant is 0.
1 2 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
= (1)
1 + 1
( 1 )
2 3
5 6
+ (1)
1 + 2
( 2 )
1 3
4 6
+ (1) 1 + 3 ( 3 )
1 2
4 5
= 1(3) 2(6) + 3(3)
= 3 + 12 9
= 0
Jan 91:09 PM
10
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Example: Find the value of x .
= 3
Jan 91:09 PM
11
10.3 Day 3 Systems of Linear Equations Determinants 2011 January 12, 2011
Show all steps on #33!
You may use the SHORTCUT on the rest!
Jan 91:05 PM
12