KpacunrupBenrconllerpon
Aou. A-p rrH?n.
Pe:rcnaer^Ha uydnurcaqutrB rrepr{oAalg97 - Z0ll r., cnrp3aHn c
yqacrHe B KoHKypc3a 3aeMaHeHa aKaAeMuqHaraArT'lKHocr
oollpoSecop' n
HarIpaBJeHHe5.7. apxr.rreKTypa,crpor.rreJ'rcrBor{ feoAe3r{f, rr0 HayqHara
CIeUI{aJIHOCT ooXUApOMeJIHOpaTHBHOCTponTe,'rCTBo" e VAC[,
AB 6p. 54 or 15 ro,ru2011r.,
O6Reen B
65 u na crpaHnqara Ha yACf
l. IIETPOB. Kp., flouuena Cr., Cupanon 1., Ouenxa Ha enjreiiclBuero Bbpxv
oKo,'rHara cpe,qa Ha "Crotrana"
EAA, rp. flepunro Exo 97, Eyprac, Hal,uua
rcouQepeHrrrrflc MelKAyHapoAHo
yqacrue, Tom VI, 1997.
fly6ruxauuqra npe.{craBq pe3y,rrrarure or r{3Br,ptileHuflB rrepuo.qa1996- 1997 r. ero:rortrqeH
o.qHrHa Crovasa EA.{ flepuux. l4qeHrv$"uupa*ru ca ocHoBHHreopraHH3upaHH
H3roLrHHrIH
Ha BpeAHI4 CMIICI4H 3a 3aMbpCqBaHe Ha BT,3AVXa" BOIUT€. IIOqBHTe 14 HaCeneHHTe \,IeCTa B
pafroHa Ha nnouraAKara.Brs ocHoBa Ha pe3ynraru or ra6oparopHu H3MepBaHufl
e
H3BI,p[IeHauHBeHTapI{3aIII4t
Ha KornqecrBaraeMuclrr4rro H3Tor{HuuH.
Mo.le;rupaHoe
rlporHo3l{paHoropa3[pocrpaHqBaHe
Ha 3aMbpcr4rernree aruocSepara qpe3 ]\,roJeJure
GAS R u AER-R. rpenopbqaHuor EPA - USA. ilpunafaHa3a rrT,pBH
rrbr B Br,;rrapur.
KoucranapaHoe Hai.r-ueS,raroilpnrrHo
sr,s.4eficreueHa 3ar\,l.bpcqBaHero
npr.tI.HXOBpeN{e.
B
3HMHU-_vc-itoBr4-s"
qe
e Srusocr .fo H3roqHr{uure.
e.
CrovaHa
EA!
flepHux
e
[oxa:auo
HCTOpfiqeCKa
peTpocneKuuqe [pr.Ir{r.rHHTen
Ha 3aMbpcsBaHe
c TexKH NreTa_rH
Ha
3eMeJe.lcKHTe
pa3no,rroxeHl4
3eMI4.
loxHo or nnorualrcara.Pe:\,JTarHTe
ca npexcraBeHnB
ra6,nu.leH
u rpa$uueHnu.l.
2. PETROV, Kr., Environmental and demand managementof irrigation under
water shortage conditions in Bulgaria, Operational Water Management, EWRA
Conference on: Operational water management,03-06 September 1997, Copenhagen
DenmarkoPublishedby A.A.Balkema,Roterdam (Brookfield), pg. 9- 13, 1997.
The optimalmanagement
and controlof scarcewater resources
requiresclearl-videntification
of the various aspectsof the problem as r.l.ellas: h.vdro climatologl' (nater resollrces
forecasting);h1'drology(shorlageand distribution):agronomy(crop -vield.fbrecasting\\ater
demand):irrigationmanagement
(planning.design.operation).
The quality and quantity stateof the availablew'aterresourcesin Bulgaria are shou.n.The
possibility'for non-conventional
r,r''ater
useas additionalsourceand othermitigationlneasures
-fhe
to the water resourcesproblem are discussed.
problemsof agriculture(irrigationunder
new economicconditions land refbrm) in Bul-uariaare analr,zedin promotinga sustainable
irrigationpolicy. The basicprinciplcstri'thispolicl' are lbrmulatedin the paper.
3. fIETPOB" Kp., Po,rara Ha eKo"'roruqraBr,B BoAocrorraHcKure
rr3cJre/IBaHnrr,
yqacrne ,oXngpoMeJuopauuu
Haunoua;rHaHayqHaxonSepeuurrflc Mer(nyHapoArro
98"
Ha reMa ,rYcrofiuuBo
rloirlrBHo 3eMeAeli'IlteB yc!'IoBltqra Ha rrKoHoMIrKa B [pexogttrcCA-
trIMM, 10-12- ronu 1998 r., trItnecruq Ha tr{XM, rou
XXV, crp. 157 - 461, 1998.
B vc,roeusra IIa KoMrurexcHolr3[on3BaHeHa BorHr4Tepecypcu v Hac u HeoSxotruMocrraor
ycroiluueo pa3BHTrIeH Bb3npou3Bo.rcrBo
Ha oKorHara cpera e 3aAT,nir(HTerHo
BKJroqBaHero
HA CKO.]1OfI4I]HI4TC
OUCHKI,{14 AHTM:]I4 BbB BOIOCTOilAHCKilTC
I43C.ICNBAHI,Ifl
KATO TCXHA
Hepa:l,lenHarlacr. B ra:u Bpb3Ka,Karo ce orr{HTa c'foxacrnrrHtrr xapaKTepHa e.le\,teH.rureHa
Bo,rHlt-fl 6anaHc e HanpaBeH onlrr .la ce cfopnrl':rupar lr.rrKOHocHosrrr4 rlpgHur.rny .ta
BbBexjraHero Ha eKonofurrHl4sr aHairu3 B orrrr4N{u3aur.roHrrr4Te
3araqu 3a .teoHnnpaHe Ha
orpaHrlqure"rH14vcroBuq. TosH rro.rIXoJ cjrerBa .fa ce pa3r_rre)K.ra
Karo rrpexoreH rrprl
pa3BnTr4eTOHa MHO|OKpr4Te
HIIqT aFIaTH3 BEB BO.{OCTOIIaHCKHTe r.r3c"]le,fBaH vfl..
Comparedto other countriesof Europe.Bulgaria has limited indigenouswater resources.
Under drought irigation in Bulgaria is a critical factor fbr the i,iuUititi. of agricultural
economvand the developmentof a sustainableand highlv intensiveagriculturalproduction.
This articleillustratesthe imporlanceof water in the Bulgarianen,u
ironmentand societ\,.ancl
essentialVulnerabilit)'of existing w-aterresourcesto climate i,ariability. technologicai
challenges.and water management.The optimal managementand control of the water
resourcesrequiresco-ordinationof the water needsof the three main comDonenrs:water
supply, hydropower and irrigation with the sustainableenvironmentaldevelopment.T'he
availablemethodsrelatedwith this scientificand practicalfreld arevalid only ri,.hen
the vv.ater
quality is satisfactory.They can be realizedb1,meansof an algorithrnwith threestages:tlon
regulation. water balance and water system optirnization.Under these conditions the
ecologicalanalysisand estimationsmust be includedin the $'aterresourcesmanagementas
n'ell as their indivisiblepar1.This paperfbcuseson fbllowing issues:the role ol'ecological
analysis fbr u'ater resourcesmanagenlentunder probabilitv characterof water balance:the
main principlesof ecologicalanalysisincludedas limitationconditionsin optimizationtasks.
This approach must be examined as transitionai period in the multicriterial analvsis
development.
4. IIETPOB, Kp., {ouvena Cr., EmlrcuoHeHaHaJrr3Ha eKo.rrorrrrrecnnq
eQelcr
upll la:nQlruupaHe Ha Hace,rleHllTe
Mecra, Hayvua rconsepeuq[q c MervryHapo.qHo
vqacrne "flpupogeH ra3 rr oKo;Ha cpega",HAK, CoSur, 1998.
IlpoexrHpaHero u r.r3fpaxAaHeroHa clrcreMH 3a ra3ocHa6jlr{eane
Ha HaceneHn\,recra B
El:rrapul e B Haqar'IeHctanurt,. Hpe: r.r3fpaxraHe Ha cr{creMare 3a ra3ocua6.lseaHe:
BKnlorrBaulu:
ilpoMLIilrneHH
crpa.l,l4 H xHilutllHo
6zroe
flpernpuqruq.
o6ruecree]io-arMHHr4crparnBHH.
KoN{\.Hrr:rHr{
ceKTop, ce npelnafa airrepHarHBeH eHeproHocr.{Tejr Ha Xocera
U:]NOJI3BAHIiTC.
Orqurafircu cleqlt$HuuI4Te Bb3MoxHocrrr Ha pa3JrirrHrzre ropr{BHr.ru rexHoJorr{rrHH upouecu
la |eHepl4paT BpeAHI4 eMl.lCI4H. er'rr{CLIOHHT4qT
aHa,rh:l r,laBa B},3\{o)tHocr 3a T.f,xHaTa
I4HBeHTapu3arlrlfl. OcHoeHHTe IIoHflTH'I. BKJR)qeHr.r B e\4HcHoHH:.1^flaHa:rLB ca: Torr.r[{HHa
N'toUIHocr. eN{IlcHoHeH $axrop. eNII{cI4r. KarropllqHocr. trluncuoHHr.rqr aHaJrr43ce rrphirar a :]a
oueHKa Ha eMHcI'IXTe OTneJIqHI4 npH fopr.rBHr{ r.r TexHoJirofHqHr.r npouecH |lpH Tor.rKoBH.
niloluHl{. HeIIOABI{iKHI414 nOIBH}I{HH H3TOTIHHUHLI3TOqHUUH"H3IIOI3BailIH TBbpnU. TerrHLI u
ra-:oo6pa:HH ropuBa.
Pe:y:rralure
or eMLIcIioHHr{rr aHaJrr43peanr.r3npas rra 6a:ara Ha npoeKrHara ,roKvl,reHTauHs
Ha pelllqa
HaceiIeHH Mecra e Br,rrapuq Kareropr4rrHo nolqepraBar
npeAuN,lclBara Ha rtpupoAHuq ra3 rro orHomeHr.re cbcroqHr4ero Ha arvoc$epuux
BT,3J,\'x.
flpu :auxuara
Ha KoHBeHIII4oHaJrHr.rrefopr{Ba c [pr.rpoAeH ra3 oSuoro
Koirr{qecrBo Ha
3a fa3ocHa6gxeaHe
or.qensHllre eMl,{cr4r.re arvocQepHuq Bb3.qvx HaMan.f,Baor 6 no 14 n'L,rr,r.flo.rrz HanbJtHo ce
npeMaxBaT 3aM'bpcLITeIuKaTo SO2. npax r{ ca)K.qr4.HetHaqure,rrHoro VBerHqaBaHe HaNO, ue
Bo.rlu ilo He6raronplurHo
ns:4eficrene
Bbpx.v oKorHara cpeJa.
5. IIETPOB' Krl., {ouuena C'r., I-{enrcona-6paroeea
A., tr{uucuoneHaHa.irrr3
Ha
eKo,rofrrqecKrrfl esexr IIpu ra:usuuupaHe Ha Hace!,reHuTeMeCTa, Hal,uHa
nouSepeHrrrrsc MexAyHapoAHoyqacrne ..flpupoAeH ra3 u oxo"irHacpe.ra", HAK,
CoQun,1998.
flpu :auauara HaKoHBeHrruoHir!'rHrire
reqHrj r.rrBr,p,qufopuBac npupo.qer{
ra3 ce npolreHqHe
caMoeHcprpriigarauuQpacrpvKT,vpa.
Ho Ir eKoJTorurqlroro
cT,croqHneHa HacejreHr.r.t'e
\rec.fa.
tr4vtlcuoultufl'raHarv3,otuzlafixl,r rexHHqecKHTe
napaMerpuHa x3Tor{HrzuuTe
Ha e\,rr.rcnn
r.{
KoHKpe'rHrrreuop0orpa$crcu a KJHMarr.{rrHH
vcjroBns ts Jar,eH perr4oH r.rN{a3a uex
olrpeAeJlqHero
Ha npocrpaHcrBeHoro
pa3npocrpaHeHr4e
]ra BpeIHHTeeMr{Cr.rlr
r{ :joHLrrec
rreS,rarorrpnsrlr.u
xapaKTepncrflKr.r
r{a Bb3nvmrraracpexa. tr4:[o;rseai.rxn
es:N{o}r{Hocrure
Ha
qIrcJIeHoTo
MoIenI'IpaHe
IrMI{cI{oHHuflT
aqanv3-IaBaBb3MoxHocr3a oueHKaHa c'LcroqHldero
ua armocrfepHt{tBb3lyx npu lr:lnon3Bane
Ha KoHBeHrInoHiurHt4
ropfiBaH npor.Ho:]rJpaHe
Ha
npoMellurecJe.43aMqHarauM
c ilpupo.4eHfa3 npr4eKBrzBa[eHTHa
rorrjtr.rHHa
N{orrIHocr.
Mone,rnre GAS-R u AER-R, I43roJI3BaHu
or aBropure. npe,tcraBnqBarceoeo6pa:eu
BapHaHrHa r.H. PLUM-voae;r(crpy'euvoge,r).ocHoBaBaul
ce Ha npenopbr{BaHara
or EPA
(Areuqru-ra ilo ona3BaHeHa npr{ponHaracpetra ua CAII])
$opuy;ra Ha fa1c.'l'e ca
rIpe.IHa3HatIeHIr
3a orrlical{Iiepa3rrpocrpaHeHHero
cbortserrroHa fa3oBeH aepo3o,rlH
(npax).
Meroilll ce npfirafa 3arrbpBnnbr B Br:rrapHr.
6. PEJROV, Kr., Paskalev A., Wastewater reuse for irrigation near Sofia Bulgaria, 2ndInternationalConference"AdvancedWastewaterTreatment,Recvclingand
Reuse- AWT98", Milan, lzl-16September
1998.
Comparedto othercountriesof Europc.Bulgariahas lirnitedindigenous\\,aterresources.
An
averageannualvolumeof the wastewater
in Buleatiais calculated
approxtmately
aroundl0
km'. It is half partof the totalrunoff- 19.991km''(more
than507oyearswill be wetter).This
shows the potential role of wastew'ateras alternativeand additional water source for
agriculturalcrop irrigation under water shortageconditions.In this respect.near Sofia
municipal $'aste\4-ater
reclamationand reuseare a reliable sourceand thus are capableto
potable
replacing
water from non-potablew'ateruses.This is a specificcaseof simultaneous
purificationand utilizationof soil ecologicalsystems.However.in dependence
of u,astewater
quality.this posesa numberof ecologicaland healthrisks problemsconnectedrvith: the soil
protection"the surfaceand the groundr,vatercontamination"
obtaininga vield crop of good
qualitl'.
7. PETROV. Kr., Estimation of lvastewater quality for irrigation and
environmental risk assessmentr2nd International Conference 'oAtlvancedWastewater
Treatment,Recyclingand Reuse- AWT98", Milan, 14-16September1998.
Wastewaterreusefor imgation is a .p."ific caseof simultaneous
puril'rcationand utilization
of soil ecologicalsystems.However. in dependenceof u,'aster.l.ater
qualitl'. this posesa
number of ecologicaland health risks problems connectedn.ith: the soil protection.the
surfaceand the ground water contamination,obtaininga f ield crop of good qualitl'. The
probabilitymethodgivespossibilitiesfbr fbrecastingthe environmentalexchange.
suggested
undernon conventionalwateruse fbr irrigation.This methodincludesfive modules:ntodule
for identillcationof ecologicalsystems.rate and priorit.vof impacts:module for estimating
the ar,ailableconditions (accountingmodule). function module. analytical module and
economicmodule.The "'termof agriculturaluse of irrigatedland - T" is chosenas integral
criteriafor environmentalimpactforecasting.
8' PETROV. Kr., Wastewater treatment and reuse for irrigation, International
Water&Irrigation Review,vol.19,J\} 2, pg. l.l-lg, 1999.
Under conditionsof severewater deficiency'in the Middle East"an actual problem is the
agricultural use of non-conventionaluater. i.l'hich is a specific case of simultaneous
purification and utilizationsof soil ecologicalsystems.Flowleyer.this posesa number o1'
ecologicalproblemsconnectedw'ith soil protection.surf-ace
and groundwatercontarxination
and obtaining1,ieldcropsof goodquality.
The proposedpaper shows the author's experiencein the field relevantto the problem. It
indicatesthe problemsconnectedwith wastewaterand providesinformationon presentreuse
practicesand future prospectiveusesof treated\4,aste$,ater
for irrigating agricr.rlturalcrops.
u'ithin acceptablelevels of risks and activities.Water is vital fbr agricultuie.u,atersuppl1,.
industrl'.hvdropowerand humanhealth.This posesa numberof environmental.economic.
technicaland socialproblems.The possibilityof non-conventional
water us63
as an additio'al
sourcerequiresclear identificationlf the variousaspectsof the problem.as u.ell as: h1,droclimatolog\ (w.aterresourcesfbrecasting):hy'drologl (shortageand distribution): water
qualitl': agronomy(crop yield, fbrecastingu'aterdemand):lrrigationmanagement(planning.
design.operation).
9. PETROV, Kr., Impact of "Plama Oil Refinery" on the w,ater resourcesin
basin of Vit river - historyoenvironmental,audit, risk assessment
and remediation plan,
IES- Stability Pact - Impact of hazardous compounds on water resources (Risk
assessment
and remediationstrategies),Prague,pg l-12, 2000.
This paperprovidesa simpleframeworkfor assessing
hazarcls
andrisks to the environmentas
a result of actual or potential chemical contamination.An environmentalconcems and
environmental
regulationsincrease,
analyticalapproaches
to solvrngproblemslvill garn in
tmportance.It is responsibilityof employers.employees,-qovcrnmentagencies.nr)ngovernmentorganizations,
and citizensto userationaland effectivemethodsto comoarerisks
and then work on thosethat posethe most si-eniflcant
harrnto our enrironment.
The majol elementsof environmental
assessment
includea review of existinginfbrmatron.
inittalsitevisit,andreviewof potentialassessment
methods,assessment
clesign.
dataanalysis.
risk assessment,
andremediation.
10. PETROV" Kr., Non-conventionalrvater use for irrigation during drought
periods - risk assessment,environmental and health protection, IES- Stability Pact,
Prague, pg13-27,2000.
Globally.no resourcecould be consideredto be more strategicthan nater. The watercrisisin
Bulgariaduring the last yearshad a negativeeffect on all sidesof life and human activities.
Problemsassociated
with waterquantityand rangesof useare more sensitivetoda;-than ever
befbre.Under watercrisisconditions.and to promotea sustainable
polic1,.
waternlanagement
the following threeaspectsmust be addressed:
.
measurementand quantiflcationof the negativeside etfects, damagesand problems
occuring with the currentwaterLlsesystems(u,atersupply,irrigation,hydropower;i
o
explot'ationand rnvestigation
of all possiblesolutionsthat can minimizeor eliminate
identifiedoroblems:
o
implementation
of the bestpossibleactionplan that will takeint<laccountthe needsfor
both properenvironmentalfunctionand humanwelfare.
In this connection,
the agricultural
useof non-conventional
waterhold promrse.a soecific
caseof simultaneous
purificationand utilizationof sorl ecologlcalsystems.Generallv.the
non-conventional
waterhasnon-potable
qualitiesthat posea numberof problemsconnecrecl
with environmental
and healthrisks,yet thrs watercould be an rmporlantresource.
The nonconventionalwater includes:municipal. rural and inclustrialwastewater,drainagerunoff.
mrneralizedgroundwaterand seawater.
ll. PETROV, Kr., Point and diffuse pollution models application in watershed
assessment
and managementdefinitions,IES- Stabitif-vPact, Dresden,pg 80-95,2001.
A large number of models have been developedthroughoutthe vv.orldthat could be used fbr
modelingdiffuse pollution and fbr assessment
of remedialmeasures.
Thesernodelsmav be
usedfbr planningand designalone.or may interfacewith receivingu,aterqualitl' modelsthat
assessthe impact of diffuse pollution on aquaticbiota and beneficialdownstreamuses.l-he
paper gives definitionsof water qualit,vand pollution"pollution sources"besr management
practices (BMP). Point and diffuse pollution models are promoted and reliabilitl and
usefulness
of the modelsare compared.A model selectionprocedureis recommended.
as u,ell
as calibrationand verificationof deterministicmodels.An author'sselecrionof applicable
rural modelsis given.
12. PETROV, Kr., Diffuse pollution of watershedsfrom the agricultural lands GWLF Model,IES- StabilityPact,Dresden,pg97-110,2001.
The GeneralizedWatershedLoadingModel (GWLF) is usefulin largemixed-usewatersheds
to determinethe efl'ectiveness
of land use managementpractices.Runolf is calculatedusing
rainfalldataand a curvenumber(CN) determinedb1'arealand use. GWLF evaluatestoraland
dissolvednutrientsand sedimentconcentrations.
The currentversiondoesnot includetoxics
and metals but they can be incotporatedby the user through code enhancement.Simple
transportrouting basedon deliveryratiosdeterminespollutantmassloadsb1,month or vear.
GeographicalInformationSy'stems(GIS) has been used w,ith GWLF" but it has not been
completelyincorporatedinto the model.
13. PETROV, Kr.o Water resourcesof Bulgaria: An oven,iew,,l'hAnnual General
Meetingof EBC, Kemmer,Antalva,Trr1fts1'o
Jine l3th2001.
The territorymanagedby the WaterBasinI)irectoratesis non-unifbrm.Distributionof surf-ace
runotTbetw-eenthe fbur regionsshowsthat most part is generateswithin East AegeanRegion
- 36% and Danube Region - 31%. This fact conespondsto the size of the territor)-and
specificclimateconditionsin everyregion.
The total surfacerunoff w'ithfrequencylevel p:50% is 19.443kmr. p:75% is 15.550kmr and
p:90% - 12.440km'. The main part of the runoff is origin from the Bulgariantenitorl.
approximatelvaround18956,1millions m't. The part of the transborder
water is 477 millions
m- only.
Annual waterbalanceshowsthat u'aterquantitiesma\ coverthe annual$ater demand"but its
monthly'distributionlimits sustainable
developmentof-w,atersectors.The generalconclusions
of the water resourcesand demandovervieware the follo$,ine:Exch-rsive
stateor,vnership
oi
all fbrms of water resources;lnadequateu''aterresourcesrelatedto their temporart,and space
non-unifbrmity-:
Decreasingthe waterresourcesunderclimatechangeimpact:Decreasingthe
wateruseduringthe last decadeunderindustrl,and agriculturedepression:
14. PETROV' Kr., European Act demancls,water managementand tlecision
support systemfor protection of the natural water resourceand protection of the human
life, Workshop of the EBC Ecology'and Public Health Committee, Berlin, 8th October
200r.
On December 22"d2000 the GeneralEuropeanGuidelinesfor Water nas enforced.This
guidelinetbrms the basementfor an inter-European
co-operationfbr u'aterprotection.$ater
managementand catastrophepreventionand ensuresa controlledmanagementof surf-aceand
groundwater. This does not neglectthe unique aspectsof singleriver or iake s'r'stem.Roth
must be enabled through: a consequent.aerial and river-specificapproach:a specific
approachesfbr every water course;the monitoring of suflcient data and its compilationin
databases;a combinedconsideration
of pollutants(emissionand imission):a singlepollutant
or complex pollutant cocktail specific approach,Manl' operationalwater nlanagemenr
schemesand decisionsupports,vstems
are availableand are in use in man\-countries.So we
should find and determine the specificit-vand innol.ation of presenteclproposal. It riill
help to indicatetheimportanceand signilicanceolthe problemfbrthe EuropeanCommunitr,.
We think that the systemcould be rbcr-rsed
on the operationalmethodsfbr sustainable
rvater
resourcesin areawith dynamicall.vchangingconditionsof water use and availabilitl. .I'he
generalobjectivesof the DSS can be formulatedas to develop and demonstratea nol'el
technology' to find a practical wa1' of integrated water management.Integrated \\'ater
management
approachmust meetmultipleobjectivetroughsa varietyof means.
15. {nuxoB, 3., Be,rnoncnu, f., Pagoc,:ranoB,
C., Huvena, O., Claneiinon, _U.,
IIETPOB. Kp.. tr'I:c,regnaue
Ha 3alrbpcqBaHeroc HHTparHHa [oArroqBeHnreqeHur B
pafiouu c rrHTeH3rrBHo
3eMeAeJrHe.
IOHK-60 roAtrHHyACf, c6opHux loK.rraAu,rou 7,
crp. l9-28,,2002r.
I,I::roxeHtteroorpa3qBape3vnrarr.{or H3cJrerBaHr.rq
Ha SbirrapcKr,r
cileulranr.rcrl4.
H:JB'bpueHLr
B par,Ixl4reHa Mex.qyHapotreH
rrpoexruo 4-ra paN,rKoBa
rporpaN{aHa EeponeilcraraKol,rucr.rr{
3a HayLIHH
u3cxerBaHrltIIo reMa ''Developmentof tools neededfbr an impact analrsisfbr
groundwaterquaiity due to changingof agriculturesoii use''.
tr4':c:te.qea
ce B xoKareH H peruoHalreHuauaS rlu,urpauuoHHororerreHue.cb.lbplrauo
HLITparI4BcirexcrBueHaropsBaHeHa 3eMe,qeircKuTe
rrJotun. [4sno,']:eaHl,t
ca [3Becrrur n
VTBI'pLeHII MOnenI'I 3a OIIUCaHHe Ha IpOqeCIITe
B HeBO.IIOHaCLITeHaTaH BOIOHaCIITCI{H 3OHu.
Pa:pa6oreua e Mero.qlrKa3a cBT,p3BaHe
Ha N,,ro.qeJrire
B or rBere soHH. ClaN'r)-'lhpaHa
e
c rrporr{rraurhreo6veuHlr lpouecu B florrBeHara
nerpaAaql{tra Ha 3aMbpcllTent.cB:bp3aHa
cpeAa"KaKToBbBBpeMeTo.raKa H B rrpocTpaHcTBoro.
MeroAnqecKllre pa3pa6orru I4 I{3BorHre Ha aBropnre rroqnBar Ha co6creeHu sa6rroileHus
Ha npouect4TeB 3eMeAeJIcKpIs
pafioH na c. 9eloreqeHe. Co$uficxo. Kor,rroca H3rron3BaHV
3a
npoBepK-a Ha cr4MynauHoHHr{Te\roIlerr:rr.r.3a To3r.1 pefr{oH e MolenupaHo a:lorHoro
HaTOBapBaHe Ha noA3eMHI4Te BOAH LI paIBHTHeTO Ha rrpOUeCHTe B A:bJrfOfOnHUreH aCrIeK'r.
16. PETROV, Kr., Water resources impact of climate change in Bulgaria,
JI-ITEKO2002,Hungary,p. 27l, 2002.
Annual water resourcesof Bulgaria include the fbllowing components:surf'acerunotT-
- 2.903kmr111%)
19.443
km] %;.groundwater
andDanube
riverflon.- :.zsotrn' iriXl
T'hetotal surf'ace
runoff vn'ithfrequencl,leyel p:50% is 19.443kmr. p:75% is 15.550kmi and
p:90% - 12.440km'' Annual monthly distributionof surf'ace
runoflis verv non-unifbrm.The
winter and spring runoff are approximatell'around 60-85% from the total amounr. l he
volumeof the storagereservoirsis 5 - 6 kn"rjonll. The real usablepart of the surf-ace
run.fl'is
25o/o.In the sametime the usablegroundw'ater
presents45ozi,.
Accordingto the estimatio' ot
the global climate changeimpact nn the Bulgarian\\iaterresources.the pemranentresress
trend is predictedfbr the next 50 - 100 years.This fact deflnesshortagewater conditionsip
the firtureand requiresthe suitabiewaterconservation
and waterusenolicr..
17. lnHxoB, 3., Be;rKoscKH,MapuuoB A., f., paAoc"raBoB,
c., Huuenr. f)..
C,ranefixon, 14., IIETPOB Krr., Cunry,raquouen MeroA ra rrporHornpaHe Ha
pa3rrpocTpaHeHrrero
\r upeoopa:yBaHeroHa HrrrparHu cvocranquu B rroA3e|}rHlr-re
BoAHrrreqeHus, Workshop "Diffuser Eintrag von Chemikailen in den Boden und clas
Grundwasser- Bewertung und Management",2002
flpe.lcraex ce H3cJIeABaHe
Ha 6r:rlapcxr.r crrequa-rrlcru. rr3BbprxeHoB pax{KHre Ha
MexiIJ-HapoIeHrlpoeKr (fepvaHu-r. floltua. Xo,uaH,1ur.Bs..rlapul) no 4-ta palrKoBa
rlporpaMaua E,aponeiicxliq
KoMncHq3aHavr{Hr4
u:lcJenBaHr.rq
no reN{a''Developmentof tools
neededfor an impact analysis fbr ground$,aterqualit-vdue to changing of agriculture soil
use". flperlMerHa pa3rnexnaHe
ca Irpoqecr.rre
Ha ,lBlrxeHueHa Ro.qara
u 3aerHoc roBa Ha
HI4TparHr.rcy6crauuur.r B HeBonoHacuTeHa'faH BoroHacureHara noqBeHa :]oHa B per-HoHa,reH
Marla6. Ha ocHoeara Ha npflHllunnle u N,rero.roJlorurra Ha rrpoeKTa ce orrrcBa rtoilxo:Ibr 3a
pa3BHTueTo Ha I43cner1BaHusTaBbpxy KoHKpeTHII
)'cJToBHt B cTpaHaTa. Aaear ce HaKpaTKo
HqKOr4pe3yJTaTr.roTHocHo KoHKpeTHUreVCJOBHT.
18. PETROV, Kr., Constructed Wetlands in Bulgaria - Transition to Natural
Water Ecological Systems, Workshop of the EBC Ecolog- and Public Health
Committee, Berlin, 28thOctober 2005.
An experienceand results fiom the author's participationin the projectsof World Bank
developedin Bulgaria for restorationof wetlandsare presented.The necessarvdefinitions
about constructedwetlandsattributes.function and types u,ere given. The fbllowing three
examplesfbr restorationof wetlandswere demonstrated:
constructedwetland betueen Vit
River and the site of PlamaOil refiner.v.polluted b1'the industrialactivitieswith hazardous
wastes.An appropriateassessment
and remediationof past contaminationuere described:
wetland restorationand pollution reduction at the areasof Belene Island and KalimokBrushlenMarshes(DanubeRil'er). as well as Pomoriiskolake (Black sea)-assessment
of
hydrologicalstatusand feasibilityof alternativehvdraulicstructures
for restoration.
19. PETROV. Kr., S. Marinova, N. Kathijotes, Effects of treated wastewaterand
sludge in agriculture: environmental and growth evaluation of selected cultures,
International Scientific Conference "Agricultural engineering problems, Jelgava,
Tatvia, June 2005
Drought conditions usually occurring in southern Europe require a carelul use of rvater
resourcesas well as the thoroughinvestigationof using treateddomesticwastewater. The
eff1uent produced after treatment of wastewater together r.lith the sludge produced is
consideredas importantresource.
Ecologicaland healthrisks howevermav resultafter usingthe aboveresourcein connection
to soil. plant or groundr.l'ater.
The positiveeffectsconnectedto plant growth should not be
underestimated.
This paper investigatesbenetltsand risks as to the use of treateddomestic
effluentand sludgeon yield of crop and presentsan engineering
overvier\,.
20. IIETPOB, Kp., Br:uoxHocru
qacrHo
3a rpuJaraHe Ha ny6;uruuo
raprHr'opc'rBo B ceKTop ,'Xlr4polreJruopauru". I4AX - COOI{fl ceMrrHap Eyprac, l1-
13.08.2006
r.
The infi'astructurefor iruigationand drainageis developedin Bulgaria during XX centurl,to
suppolt agricultureand to protectthe lands and structuresout of the urban territorl, fiom the
harmful impact of the waters.The fbcus is put on the presentstatusof Irrigation and Drair.rage
Systemsand the reasonscausedit. Generalized
anal1,'sis
on the waterresources.
waterdemand
and rvaterbalanceis made.On the baseof the prognosesup to 2020 are recornmended
the
measureslbr overcomeof the difficultiesand rehabilitationand upgradingof the irrigation.
drainageand river training.The public - private partnership(PPP)is a moderntool fbr this
purpose.
21. IIETPOB, Kp., CrnpeueHlm MarepnaJrr tr rexHo.lorrrrr3a [pe,qrra3BaHe
Ha
Hace,'reHtrre
Mecra,TexHurrecKara
un$pacrpvn.rvpa H 3eNreAeJcKrrre
3eNrrr
or BperHoro
- Haconrr:lano4o6pqBaHe,
nr':geficrnneHa BoArITe
CemuHap- HC, C,runeH,ll-13.08.
2006;t{AX - Co{nno ceMHHap
E"raroenrpaal8-20.01.2007r..
B ny6:ruxauntra ce npaBLIaHalTI4.i
Ha ct,croqHnero Ha Herlrr.rqHara
xu;fpoN,re.ruoparrlBFra
uu$pacrpyKrypa 3a rIpeIrIa3BaHeol Bpe.IHoro er,:geiicrer.reHa Bo.rure. Ilocoqesu ca
ocHoBI{HTeHacoKIr ga HefiHoro nolo6prnaHe. BK.rlroqBauIH
r43rpax,qaHerra e.U.rHHacHcre\{a
3a yrlpaBneHHe Ha nHrlpacrpiKr)para. ycbBbpmeHcrBaHe Ha xHIpoMenHoparHBHara
rzH$paclpyxrypa u orla3BaHeHa oKonHara cpera. flpelcraBeHa e un$opuauvfl .]a HIBH
MaTepl4arlfl
H TeXHOJIO|I4II 3A CTpOUTCnCTBO. peMOHT I4 3alUIITa Ha ChCT€N{H h CbOpT,Xe HHt 3a
flBBB xaro: ra6tloHl4. eKo ra6uoutr: reorexcrr.rn: ,qpeHaxHr.rfeoKox'rno3r.r-n4:
reof-rruHeHn
cKpaHH:reovelr6pauu: 5uoporo3Ku: reoK.rlerKu:rrojtr4N,repHH
lrev6paHu.
22. IIETPOB.
Kn., IIpo6,remn rpu
eKcilir0a'r'auuflTa, pa3Brrrrrero
yrlpaBleHuero Ha xuApoMe"r[oparuBHuTe crrcreNru,crr. Bo,tuo Ae"rro,6p. 3, 2007 r.
u
The infiastructure fbr irrigation and drainage is developed in Bulgaria during XX cenrurr ro
support agriculture and to protect the lands and structures out of the urban territon' fiom the
harmful impact of the waters. The fbcus is put on the present statusof lrrigation and l)rainage
Systems and the reasonscausedit. Generalizedanalysis on the water resources.water demand
and water balance is made. On the base of the prognoses up to 2020 are recommended the
measuresfbr overcome of the difficulties and rehabilitation and upgrading of the irrigation.
drainage and river training. The public - private parlnership (PPP) is a modern tool for this
purpose.
23. fIETPOB, Krr., 3arcoHr'r 3a xnApoMeJrr{opauurre - Haxbae?, cu. Boano ,re.qo,
6 p . 1 1 2 , 2 0 0r.,
9 crp . 1 3 -1 5 .
lrrigation and DrainageSystemsas a part of the water sectorwas the biggest\\ater user in
Bulgariaup to 1989.Approximatell'12 millions decaresagriculturallandsu'ere irrigatedancl
man)' areaswere drainedby differenttypesof drainage.At the presentdavsthis positionsof
the lrrigation and drainage s1'stemswas changed.On the basis of ne\\. propertiesof'
agriculturallandswill be ver-vimporlantto frnd new optionstbr development.
One ol the t-irst
stepsis to produceappropriateregulations.This first anangementof Irrigationand drainage
Act gives difl'erentways to the future. In this respectone public discussionof the most
importantissuesw-illbe very usefulas a part of rvorldwaterday.
24. IIETPOB" Kp., BogocrorlaHcxrrrl3c,,-rerlBaHuq
orHocHo Bb3Molr{Hocrrrre
3a
Ha[oqBaHen pafiona na peKHTeTaSna, I,lccepu Cuxxan, o6,racr T;enrceH,A,rxnp,
Mex,t,vHapoaHa HayqHo-[pur'roir:::tlroHQepeuunn Ha ]'ACf2009o fo;lnu'tHun Ha
yACf, cBtrrbKX - BoanoAerro,c'rp.55-72,2010.
LracrHa A,rNHp.xapar{repn:lHparu
I4:c.retreaHl'ItI'pefI'IoH
e pa3nonoxeHB ceBepo3ana.qHara
ce c'bc c:ra6o pa3Burue Ha HalrotBaHeronopalu ",rHncaraHa xr.rApoNte,rHoparHBHa
aurfpacrpyKrypa 3a HalosBaHe. f'o,tur.rre 3a HarroflBaHerr.lro[I[ ca pa3[oJo)r(eHrr
B .ronuHl{reHa peKureTa$Ha. hccep u Cuxxax. B pauxure Ha npoeKr3a
QparmeHrapHo
KoMIIJ'IeKcHo
MeIHopI4paHe
Ha 3eMl{reB IIOcor{eHI4t
pefl4oH.npe:2001 - 2002 r. ca
npoBeIeHI4 BO.IOCTOIIaHCKI{
H3Cne.4BaHUq
H e npelnoxeHa feHeparlHa cxeMa. BKJroqBarua
pa3nr4qHr4Bapr4aHTHc:bc u 6es perynr.rpaHe Ha orroKa Ha Bojlorl:lroqHHrrHTc.c
fpaBH'taufioHHoL{ HanopHo ocrrfYprBaHec BoIa Ha npelBr.r.{eHtrrerepeHH 3a HanoqBaHe.
u3no.ll3BaHe Ha pa3nr4r{HtdrexHo:lorr{z 3a HarlosBaHe. ilo,uyqeurzre pe ]v.rrarH or
BOIIOCTOnaHCKLITe
H3c.lle.qBaHr4s.
ca H3rIon3BaHH[pU Onpe,feJf,Hero Ha o[THNla_lHuTe
Bap[aHrr.r3a peanr43aur.{q
Ha rrpoeKTa.
The region of investigation is allocated in the norlh - west part of Algeria. u'herc thc
irrigation is not u'ell developed regarding to the missing of irrigation infiastructure. J'he areas
possible for inigation are situated riagmentan' nearbv the rir,ers l-afha" lsser and Sikkak. In
the fiame of the project fbr compler inigation and drainage development of the mentioned
region during 2001 - 2002 were established Water Economic Investigations. A General
scheme including different options with and without rir,'ersrunoff modif-icationunder gravitr
and purnping conditions of w-ater distribution and diflbrent usable proper irrigation
technologies. Obtained results fiom the Water Economic lnvestigations are used fbr the
optimal options defining and the pro.lectdevelopment.
qacr: IlHxeHepHa lruQpacrpynr)'pa
25. IIETPOB, Kp. u KoreKrrrB
rloBbpxHocrHlr BoAHrlTerreHuqor O6u ycrpoiicrneH rrJaH na Cro,ruqsa o6urusa, CO [upenuun ,rApxurexrypa r{ rpaAoycrpoficrBo", OtI Co$npoenT - OI-fl, cbKpareH
AoKJaA ua CDo pa3rrpocrpaHeHc n-x CraHAapr, treKeMnpu2009
flpe4craeeHnqr cbKpareHAoKnaAKr,MrrpoeKra3a H'l\{eHeHHe
Ha OVfl ua Cro;ru.rua o6uuna
e I43forBeHB cT,orBercTBHe
c I43I4cKBaHI4.sra
Ha .{j1.24.a:t.2.t.2 or Hape:f6a J\|98 Ha MPPB.
Crpyrrl'para Ha cT,KpareHl4fl.qoKna; ; cro6pa:eHa c HeroBara [paKrr.{qecKanpu:roxriN{ocr.
nopailri Koero BceKr4or HefoBt{Tepa:l,qej[{c:b.{bpxa:
'
I4H$opvaqul 3a Hacrbnl4jrl{ H3NreHeHHre nepuoaa 2003 - 2006 r.. npHHuHilH u
KoHqelrryarHn npelnolreHus. Kor{'r-oca 6rr:111
3auo}KeHr.r
e OYfl - 2003r. H ce npre\rar R
rrpoeKra
satr4oYfl:
. Lfelll H npel"[oxeHilfl3apa3Br{Tr4e.
KotITo
ce.ron;JBarB cT,orBercrBr{e
c HoBI4Te
!'c,rIoBHr:
' KoHKpe'rHoonucaHt{eu MornBauli-f,3a HarrpaBeHnre
r43MeHeHHq
tro $1'Hrcr1uoHa_ruu
cr4cleMHu npo6:reuu"clo6pa:eHr{c aKrvalu3npaHrirecorrr4alHo_.qel,rorparfcrcr4
trporHo3Htro
2030 r. u cneqra$uLrHu
ycnoBuqHarepu'ropusra.
26. fIETPOB, Krr., AHa,,rul Ha cr,croqHrrero Ha peqHure Koprrra Ha penrr,
rrpeNrr{HaBarun
[pe3 TepuropuflTaHa croJ'rrrrrHa
odrquHau neo6xoAu]rocrla or MepKIrB
Kpur[rrHuTeyqacr],qrr, crr.Bo,tuoAeJro,6p. l, 20l l r., crp. 9_15.
The basicallyEU and BG legal Acts. regardingto water management
in Bulgariaare listed.
The tenr-r"critical section'"of ril'er's bed is clellned as u'ell as the "disturbed r,rrater
conductivity".causedby naturalprocesses
and human actir.ities.The characteristics
of lskar
River water catchment'sarea are given. Table 1 gives information about Iskar River
'I'he
tributaries.
main focus is given on the resultsfrom assessment
of ll.aterbodl's status.
conductedby the authorat the summerof 2009.Table2 includescollectedinfbrmationon the
base of visual observationof indicated ''critical section" and simple measurements
and
calculations.The quantitiesof sedirnents
and w'astesmaterials.locatedrvithin thesesections
are represented.A total amount of the materialsshould be removedfrom the river beds ',vas
estimatedon 105245.00mj. Someconclusionsand recommendations
for the future measures
are submitted.
27. [IETPoB. Krl., feopnren {., ou,rxon fl.o lepuncxu ,[., BrruoiriHocrrr 3a
aBloMaru3all[q
u ull$pono
y[paBreHge
Ha Me,rrgopargBHg
rroNr11eHg c.r.aHugrr, c[.
Bo,tHoAero, 6p. 1,2011r.crp. 38-40.
The basically'manufacturedcharacteristicsof centrifugal pumps are obligatorl. inpr-rt
information fbr pumping stationsdesign.Their exact er,'aluationis a verv irnportantstageibr
pumpsconstructionand standardserialmanufacturing.
During operationol pumping stations
also is necessar)'to obtain some characteristics1br severaipurposes.For exaniple fotreconstructionof existing stations(changeof a part or all equipment:changeof connected
pipelines) or optimization of working regimes foe electricitv demand reduction. These
anal,vses
could be realizedby analyticalor graphicalmethods.but the1.could not reflect all
naturalconditionsand could not give a high level of-representatives.
This requiresrnethods
fbr experimentalevaluationof the pump characteristics
in laboratory'or site conditions.For
thesepurposesare necessarymodem measurement
tools and resultsoutput equipment.To
follou' theserequirements,
the existinglaboratorypumpingstationof Irrigationand Drainage
Dept. was rehabilitatedand equipped with a new necessarvmeasurementder,'icesand
software.
28. fIETPOB,
Ha[oqBaHero
Kp.o BogocrorlaHclr u3cJeABaHuq 3a Bb3craHoBflBaHeHa
B 3eM.rluqara
na o6rrluHn {o;rHa
6ass. u Kocreneq,
crr. E}';raxea,
6p. 1,
2 0 1 1r .
B sacro:ruara ny6:ruxar\Hfl ca npe.qcraBeHr4
pe3yJrrarr.rreor BoJocrorraHcKr.Jre
H3cJe.qBaH[q.
CBT,p3aIII'IC Bb3CTaHOB.tIBaHeHa IOJiIHBHOTO3eMe.qe-[ue B 3eM,irHtuaTa Ha O6ulnnH
llO"nHa SaHq
tr Kocreueu. Ha-unqnure o6pa6orBaeMrr3eMH ca oKo-no 13000 - 14000.qxa. Bl:noxHtr
H3roLrHHuuca p. Mapuua, p. Bucrpuua u trepe [l:rrara nHBaJIa.Orrox:sr Ha rBere peKH e
Hap)tueH or BoAoB3eMaHIzqra
Ha Korrr 1900 u 1200 sa Hyx.qr.rreHa KacKa.raEe.:ruexeHCecrputto. Pasr:renanu ca qerLIpI4BapHaHTa.Karo 3a pea[HcrnqeH e oilpene:reH nropu. 3a
l0
I{efo ca npoBeAcHH AOn:bnHHTeJHr4
H3CjreABaHH_r{
c Mo.lejrr4paHHpe.fr4ux Ha oTToKa H
u33eMaHe'ro
3a 30 f . ilepuo.q.
rlyner,roacna M. Asa,ut
29. IIETPOB, Kp.,
Ha cr,Blrec'rHoro
"llncen H.,
Aeiicreue Ha HoBouocrpoeH )I(.[. ilrocr Ha p. tlene,rapcKa (rlaa) n AeprrBaurroHeHKaHa"l
3a HaloqBaHe rlpu IIpoBe?rtAaHe
Ha BrrcoKrrreBoArrB peKarar cn. Ey;raxnar 6p. 2120ll r.
B Hacrotrlrara n,v6;ruxauux ca npe.qcraBeHu p€:31,-u131sreor npunafaHe.ro Ha
MareMarur{ecKuqMoAer HEC-RAS (Hvdrologic Engineering Center - Riter Analy.sis Ststem)
3a aHa:tu3 Ha Bb3MO)r{HOCrra
3a rrpoBex.[aHe Ha BHCOKr4reeOlU Qn_t110."
rrpe:] cTBopa Ha
HoBorrpoeKrupaHuq
tr l{3rpa.{eHMocr Ha p.9ene,lapcxa (p. tial) Ha rm 167+842.42 or xr.n.
lvHuflTa flroe.ql4e Cnr.r:reurpar ttpr{ 3ana3BaHeHa cbrrlecr.B\Baufiq KaHa-rB KopnToro }ra
peKara.CpanueHuca ABaBaptiaHra:A - c u:vecrBaHe Ha KaHarra
no nqcHara rro-llopHa creHa
I{ yKpenBaHeroM}' c BbrpelxHo IIpenHBaeMa
creHa or rqBara crpaHa u B - c npo$r.r,rr,rpaHe
Ha
Han'qbxHHqr H HanpeqHl4renpoSu;ra Ha peKara 5er -vxpenaaHeHa KaHa-ra.flo-lvqesnre
pe3yjlTaru AaBar flpeALIMcrBoHa BTopHqBapuaHr.Br,3 ocnoea Ha rracroqulnTeu3c,rellBaHllt
e pa:paSorel{ rexHltqecKlr [poeKr. rcoi.rroe H3rrbJHeHor TEPHA A[ nrou E:r,-rl.apHq.
30. IIETPOB, Kp., tlyueuoBcKa M. Arra,ru3 Ha BpeAHoro Bb3Aeiicreue Ha
Blrcoxrrre BoAH B p. Mapnua BT,pxy rexHuqecKara un0pacrpyxTypa, crpaAHuq $oua n
TpaHc[opTHara nHSpacrpyKTypa n pafioHa Ha rp. KocreHeq, cn.6y,rarna,6p.3,20ll
r. (noa neuar)
B Hacrotluara ny6,rnxaqur ca npe.IcraBeHr.{ pe3vJTarr.rre or aHarrH3a Ha pr{cKa or
HaBorHeHttqHa repuropu{Ta Ha fp. Kocreueq. npexu3BrlKaHU
or BHcoKt4
BorH Ha p. Mapr.iua.
/JageHae ucropuqecKa cnpaBKa3a tuerure. HaHeceHrrBr,pxy'uHspacrpr.Krvpara Ha rpaJ,H
lIpI4MHHa,'ltr
HaBonHeHuq.
Br: ocHoBaHa KaracrpaJrHHfl.
rrraH rra rp. Kocreueu. HHXeHepHoXI4IpOnOXKIIT9rlaHHlI H aKTVaIIHOTO
reOIe3I'itIHO 3aCHe\.IaHee HaIIpaBeHa [pOrHO3a 3a
6r'llerur.rpa3nr4BuHa p. Mapr.rua. HanpaeeHa e lpenopr,Ka 3a H3B],prxBa]reHa KopeKuHoHHrl
pa6o'ul B KopLIToroHa peKara B peryJarluqra Ha rp. Kocreueq. Bts ocHoBaHa Hacror{rurire
I{3cneABaHtIae pa:pa6oreH TexHuLIecKr.r
lrpoeKr. xcli.rroce H3rtb,rlHnBa
fro rrpofpa\{a MPP5.
23 Aen'cr 2011r.
(lou. a-p uHx. Kp. llerpon)
l1