RE
TU
DE PA
RT
MENT OF AGRI C U L
United States Department of Agriculture
Forest Service
Recent Publications
of the Pacific Northwest Research Station
Second Quarter, 2013
Contents
About the Pacific Northwest Research Station .................................................... 1
Subscribe to Our RSS Feeds .................................................................................... 2
Locate Publications by Using Treesearch ............................................................ 3
Station Publications ................................................................................................... 4
Journals and Other Publications .............................................................................9
Order Form/Mailing List Updates .............................................Inside back cover
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Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2013
The Pacific Northwest Research Station
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station is one of 11 research units in the
USDA Forest Service. The research units collectively conduct the most extensive
and productive program of integrated forestry research in the world. The PNW
Research Station was established in 1925. The station has its headquarters in
Portland, Oregon; 11 research laboratories and centers in Alaska, Oregon, and
Washington; and 12 active experimental areas (watershed, range, and experimental
forests). The station also conducts research in more than 20 research natural areas.
Our mission is to generate and communicate impartial scientific knowledge
to help people understand and make informed choices about natural resource
management and sustainability.
PNW Research Station Laboratories and Centers
Anchorage
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3301 C Street, Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503-3954
Corvallis
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3200 SW Jefferson Way
Corvallis, OR 97331-4401
Fairbanks
Boreal Ecology Cooperative
Research Unit
University of Alaska Fairbanks
P.O. Box 756780
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6780
Juneau
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
11175 Auke Lake Way
Juneau, AK 99801
La Grande
Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory
1401 Gekeler Lane
La Grande, OR 97850-3368
Olympia
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3625 93rd Avenue SW
Olympia, WA 98512-9193
Portland
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
620 SW Main, Suite 400
P.O. Box 3890
Portland, OR 97208-3890
Prineville
Western Wildland Environmental
Threat Assessment Center
3160 NE 3rd Street
P.O. Box 490
Prineville, OR 97754
Seattle
Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences
Laboratory
400 N 34th Street, Suite 201
Seattle, WA 98103
Sitka
Alaska Wood Utilization Research
and Development Center
204 Siginaka Way
Sitka, AK 99835-7316
Wenatchee
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
1133 N Western Avenue
Wenatchee, WA 98801-1229
1
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
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Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2013
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PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
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Bibliographies
13-179M
►Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 2013.
Recent publications of the Pacific Northwest
Research Station, first quarter, 2013. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 16 p.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/qlist.shtml
Fire/Fuels
12-213S
►Brown,
M.J.; Kertis, J.; Huff, M.H. 2013.
Natural tree regeneration and coarse woody
debris dynamics after a forest fire in the western
Cascade Range. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-592. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 50 p.
We monitored coarse woody debris dynamics and
natural tree regeneration over a 14-year period after
the 1991 Warner Creek Fire, a 3631-ha (8,972-ac)
mixed-severity fire in the western Cascade Range
of Oregon. Rates for tree mortality in the fire,
postfire mortality, snag fall, and snag fragmentation
all showed distinct patterns by tree diameter and
species, with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii
(Mirb.) Franco) more likely to survive a fire, and to
remain standing as a snag, than other common tree
species. Natural seedling regeneration was abundant, rapid, and highly variable in space. Densities
of seedlings >10 cm height at 14 years postfire
4
ranged from 1,530 to 392,000 per ha. Seedling
establishment was not concentrated in a single year,
and did not appear to be limited by the abundant
growth of shrubs. The simultaneous processes of
mortality, snag fall, and tree regeneration increased
the variety of many measures of forest structure.
The singular event of the fire has increased the
structural diversity of the landscape.
Keywords: Fire severity, monitoring, coarse woody
debris, reforestation, snag recruitment, regeneration.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rp592.pdf
12-245S
►Vaillant,
2013.
N.M.; Ager, A.A.; Anderson, J.; Miller, L.
ArcFuels user guide and tutorial: for use with
ArcGIS 9. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-877.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
256 p.
Fuel management planning can be a complex
problem that is assisted by fire behavior modeling
and geospatial analyses. Fuel management often
is a particularly complicated process in which the
benefits and potential impacts of fuel treatments
need to be demonstrated in the context of land
management goals and public expectations. Fire
intensity, likelihood, and effects can be analyzed for
multiple treatment alternatives. Depending on the
goal, the effect of treatments on wildfire impacts can
be considered at multiple scales, from a single forest
stand or planning unit to a watershed to a national
forest to the Nation as a whole.
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2013
The fuel treatment planning process is complicated
by the lack of data assimilation among fire behavior
models and by weak linkages to geographic
information systems, corporate data, and desktop
office software. ArcFuels is a streamlined fuel
management planning and wildfire risk assessment
system. ArcFuels creates a trans-scale (stand
to large landscape) interface to apply various
forest growth and fire behavior models within an
ArcGIS® platform to design and test fuel treatment
alternatives. It eliminates a number of tedious
data transformations and repetitive processes
that have plagued the fire operations and research
communities as they apply the models to solve
fuel management problems. This User Guide and
Tutorial includes an overview of ArcFuels and its
functionality, a tutorial highlighting all the tools
within ArcFuels, and fuel treatment planning
scenarios. There is also a section for obtaining,
formatting, and setting up ArcFuels for use with
your own data. It is assumed that the reader
has basic familiarity with the Forest Vegetation
Simulator (forest growth and yield program) and
FlamMap (landscape fire behavior model).
Keywords: ArcGIS, fire behavior models, forest
growth models, fuel treatment planning, wildfire
hazard, wildfire risk.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr877.pdf
Forest Management
13-192M
►Smith,
J.; Meznarich, P. 2013.
The secret life of microbes: soil bacteria and
fungi undaunted by the harvesting of fire-killed
trees. Science Findings 153. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
Soil health is fundamental to ecosystem health.
Disturbances such as fire and timber harvesting
can affect the abundance, activity, and composition
of soil microbial communities and thus affect
soil productivity. In response to forest managers,
scientists with the Pacific Northwest Research
Station compared health and productivity indicators
between soils disturbed by logging machinery to
adjacent soils that were burned but not mechanically
disturbed after a wildfire in the Deschutes National
Forest in central Oregon. After a wildfire, one
management option is to remove fire-killed trees.
Postfire logging recoups some of the economic
value of the timber and reduces the fuel available
for future fires. Prior to this study, little was known
about how harvesting activities might affect soils
already exposed to disturbance by fire. Scientists
found that microorganisms essential to soil health
appeared resilient to compaction from harvest
machinery and to deep tilling (subsoiling). However,
these mechanical disturbances appeared to reduce
soil nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in
forms that are readily available for plant uptake.
Over two years, the differences in nutrients between
the disturbed and undisturbed sites lessened as
microbial diversity increased and communities
changed in composition.
Keywords: Fire, soil, salvage logging, Deschutes
National Forest.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi153.pdf
Plant Ecology
12-200S
►Schuller,
R.; Mayrsohn, C. 2013.
Upper Elk Meadows Research Natural Area:
guidebook supplement 43. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-GTR-874. Portland, OR: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 35 p.
This guidebook describes Upper Elk Meadows
Research Natural Area (RNA), a 90-ha (223-ac)
area that supports a mixture of coniferous forest
and open, shrub- and herb-dominated wetlands.
The major forest plant association present within
Upper Elk Meadows RNA is Pacific silver fir/vine
maple/coolwort foamflower (Abies amabilis/Acer
circinatum/Tiarella trifoliata).
Keywords: Research natural area, area of critical
environmental concern, freshwater seep, wet
meadow, fen, Pacific silver fir/vine maple/coolwort
foamflower (Abies amabilis/Acer circinatum/
Tiarella trifoliata) plant association, Sitka alder
(Alnus viridis) streamside community.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr874.pdf
5
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Resource Inventory
13-140M
►Gatziolis,
12-164S
D.; Mazza, R. 2013.
Demystifying LiDAR technologies for temperate
rain forests in the Pacific Northwest. Science
Findings 151. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 6 p.
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR), also known
as airborne laser scanning, is a rapidly emerging
technology for remote sensing. Used to help map,
monitor, and assess natural resources, LiDAR
data were first embraced by forestry professionals
in Scandinavia as a tool for conducting forest
inventories in the mid to late 1990s. Thus early
LiDAR theory and applications were developed for
commercial forests typical of a region with gentle
topography; conditions far different from those of
the temperate rain forests of the Pacific Northwest.
To develop LiDAR data acquisition specifications
and analysis methods specific to the Pacific
Northwest, scientists with the Pacific Northwest
Research Station improved calculations for local
conditions. Their aim was to ensure that laser-based
estimates of key forest inventory parameters such as
vegetation height, and attributes such as volume and
biomass were free from serious biases. Based on this
research, recommendations for determining optimal
LiDAR acquisition specifications have since been
adopted as general specifications by the Oregon
Department of Geology and Mineral Industries,
which leads a consortium of laser data users in the
state. These developments have been instrumental in
making LiDAR a useful tool in forest management
and planning within the region.
Keywords: LiDAR, remote sensing, Pacific
Northwest, forest inventory.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi151.pdf
6
Silviculture
►Curtis,
R.O. 2013.
True fir spacing and yield trials—20-year
update. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-590. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 32 p.
This report updates data and comparisons from
previous reports (Curtis and others 2000, Curtis
2008) on a series of precommercial thinning and
yield trials in high-elevation true fir–hemlock
stands, using data from the 12 replicates for which
20-year data are now available. The stands were
varying mixtures of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis
(Douglas ex Loudon) Douglas ex Forbes), western
hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and
noble fir (Abies procera Rehder). Trends noted in
the 2008 report continue. Increment in top height
was somewhat reduced at wide spacings. Volume
increment and basal area increment increased as
the residual number of trees increased. There was
a small increase in diameter increment of the 80
largest trees per acre at wide spacing. Relative stand
densities on the unthinned plots, as measured by
stand density index and relative density, are still
increasing; it appears that the maximum (not yet
attained) is probably at least 20 to 25 percent greater
than values observed in Douglas-fir.
Keywords: Precommercial thinning, increment,
yield, Abies amabilis, Tsuga heterophylla, Abies
procera, true firs, noble fir, Pacific silver fir.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rp590.pdf
12-271S
►Hanley,
T.A.; McClellan, M.H.; Barnard, J.C.;
Friberg, M.A. 2013.
Precommercial thinning: implications of early
results from the Tongass-Wide Young-Growth
Studies experiments for deer habitat in southeast
Alaska. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-593. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 64 p.
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2013
This report documents the results from the first
“5-year” round of understory responses to the
Tongass-Wide Young-Growth Studies (TWYGS)
treatments, especially in relation to their effects on
food resources for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus
hemionus sitkensis). Responses of understory
vegetation to precommercial silviculture experiments after their first 4 to 8 years posttreatment
were analyzed with the Forage Resource Evaluation
System for Habitat (FRESH)-Deer model. The
studies were conducted in western hemlock (Tsuga
heterophylla)-Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
young-growth forests in southeast Alaska. All four
TWYGS experiments were studied: (I) planting
of red alder (Alnus rubra) within 1- to 5-year-old
stands; (II) precommercial thinning at narrow
and wide spacings (549 and 331 trees per hectare,
respectively) in 15- to 25-year-old stands; (III)
precommercial thinning at medium spacing (420
trees per hectare) with and without pruning in
25- to 35-yearold stands; and (IV) precommercial
thinning at wide spacing (203 trees per hectare)
with and without slash treatment versus thinning by
girdling in >35-year-old stands. FRESHDeer was
used to evaluate the implications for deer habitat in
terms of forage resources (species-specific biomass,
digestible protein, and digestible dry matter) relative
to deer metabolic requirements in summer (at two
levels of requirements—maintenance only vs.
lactation) and in winter (at six levels of snow depth).
Analyses for both summer and winter indicated that
in all cases except for Experiment I, habitat values
of all treatments exceeded untreated controls, and
earlier treatments yielded greater benefits than did
later treatments. When compared to a wide range of
old-growth stands from throughout the region, it was
apparent that in summer and winter with low snow
depths (<20 cm) early treatments (15- to 25-year-old
stands) yielded better food resources than did
old-growth forest, while later treatments (25- to 35-,
and 35+ year-old stands) yielded poorer habitat than
old growth.
13-177M
►Harrington,
T; Parks, N. 2013.
Restoring a disappearing ecosystem: the longleaf
pine savanna. Science Findings 152. Portland, OR:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the
southeastern United States contain some of the
world’s most diverse plant communities, along with
a unique complement of wildlife. Their traditionally open canopy structure and rich understory
of grasses and herbs were critical to their vigor.
However, a long history of land-use practices such
as logging, farming, and fire exclusion have reduced
this once-widespread ecosystem to only 3 percent
of its original range. At six longleaf pine plantations
in South Carolina, Tim Harrington with the Pacific
Northwest Research Station and collaborators with
the Southern Research Station used various treatments (including prescribed burns, tree thinning,
and herbicide applications) to alter the forest structure and tracked how successful each one was in
advancing savanna restoration over a 14-year period.
They found that typical planting densities for wood
production in plantations create dense understory
shade that excludes many native herbaceous species
important to savannas and associated wildlife. The
scientists found that although tree thinning alone
did not result in sustained gains, a combination
of controlled burning, thinning, and herbicide
treatments to reduce woody plants was an effective
strategy for recovering the savanna ecosystem.
The scientists also found that these efforts must be
repeated periodically for enduring benefits.
Keywords: Longleaf pine, savanna, restoration,
active management.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi152.pdf
Keywords: Silviculture, adaptive management,
Odocoileus hemionus, habitat model, nutrition,
understory vegetation, snow.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rp593.pdf
7
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Social Sciences
Water Resources
12-221S
13-030S
►Vinyeta,
►Woodsmith,
K.; Lynn, K. 2013.
R.D.; Wilkins, P.K.; Bookter, A. 2013.
Exploring the role of traditional ecological
knowledge in climate change initiatives. Gen.
Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-879. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 37 p.
Water quality trends in the Entiat River
Watershed: 2007–2010. Res. Note. PNW-RN-569.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
33 p.
Indigenous populations are projected to face
disproportionate impacts as a result of climate
change in comparison to nonindigenous populations.
For this reason, many American Indian and Alaska
Native tribes are identifying and implementing
culturally appropriate strategies to assess climate
impacts and adapt to projected changes. Traditional
ecological knowledge (TEK), as the indigenous
knowledge system is called, has the potential to play
a central role in both indigenous and nonindigenous
climate change initiatives. The detection of
environmental changes, the development of
strategies to adapt to these changes, and the
implementation of sustainable land-management
principles are all important climate action items
that can be informed by TEK. Although there
is a significant body of literature on traditional
knowledge, this synthesis examines literature that
specifically explores the relationship between TEK
and climate change. The synthesis describes the
potential role of TEK in climate change assessment
and adaptation efforts. It also identifies some of the
challenges and benefits associated with merging
TEK with Western science, and reviews the way in
which federal policies and administrative practices
facilitate or challenge the incorporation of TEK in
climate change initiatives. The synthesis highlights
examples of how tribes and others are including
TEK into climate research, education, and resource
planning and explores strategies to incorporate
TEK into climate change policy, assessments, and
adaptation efforts at national, regional, and local
levels.
A large, multiagency effort is underway in the
interior Columbia River basin (ICRB) to restore
salmon, trout, and char listed as threatened or
endangered under the 1973 federal Endangered
Species Act. Water quantity and quality are
widely recognized as important components of
habitat for these depleted salmonid populations.
There is also broad concern about maintaining a
high-quality water supply for other societal and
ecosystem uses. A particularly active salmonid
habitat restoration program is being conducted
in the Entiat River, which drains a portion of the
eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in central
Washington state. There, routine monitoring by the
Washington Department of Ecology identifies pH
and water temperature as water quality parameters
of concern. In response, the U.S. Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station is testing a more
intensive approach to water quality monitoring that
uses multiparameter data-logging instruments at
four locations to measure fundamental water quality
parameters (pH, water temperature, dissolved
oxygen, and specific conductivity). This report
presents results from the first 4 years of the study
and discusses variation in water quality parameters
with season, river discharge, and location.
We demonstrate that unattended data-logging
instruments effectively provide high-resolution data,
which facilitate identification of forcing mechanisms
such as direct solar radiation, air temperature, and
river discharge. Results complement ongoing, broadscale salmon recovery monitoring by quantifying
concurrent changes in water quality. Although
exploratory in nature, this study can inform future,
more intensive monitoring programs.
Keywords: Climate change, traditional ecological
knowledge, American Indians, Alaska Natives.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr879.pdf
Keywords: Water quality monitoring, salmon
restoration, Columbia River basin, Entiat River.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rn569.pdf
8
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2013
Journals and Other Publications
The following publications were not published by the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research
Station, although the work was supported by the station. These publications may be viewed
online at the USDA Research and Development Treesearch Web site listed under each article. If you would like a hard copy, you may print the articles from this Web site. For more
information about Treesearch, see page 3 of this report. You may also obtain hard copies
through university libraries or from the publisher; some outlets may charge for these services. Forestry libraries in the Northwest receive proceedings volumes and subscribe to the
journals in which PNW authors publish. Some forestry libraries in the Northwest are:
Valley Library
Natural Sciences Library
Oregon State University
Box 352900
Corvallis, OR 97331
University of Washington
(Visit or request article from
Seattle, WA 98195-2900
the Interlibrary Loan section)
(To visit only)
Interlibrary Borrowing Services
Suzzallo Library, FM 25
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
(To request article only)
University of Alaska Library
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508
(Visit or request article from the
Interlibrary Loan section)
Aquatic/Riparian Ecosystems
►Hoffman,
2012.
R.L.; Dunham, J.B.; Hansen, B.P., eds.
Aquatic organism passage at road-stream
crossings—synthesis and guidelines for
effectiveness monitoring. U.S. Geological
Survey Open-File Report 2012–1090. 64 p.
Climate Change
►Raymond,
2013.
C.L.; Peterson, D.L.; Rochefort, R.M.
The North Cascadia Adaptation Partnership: a
science-management collaboration for responding
to climate change. Sustainability. 5: 136–159.
Keywords: Culverts, fish, amphibians, streams.
Keywords: Adaptation, climate change, federal
lands, resource management, vulnerability.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43720
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43730
►Naiman,
R.J.; Alldredge, J.R.; Beauchamp, D.A.
[et al.]. 2012.
Developing a broader scientific foundation for
river restoration: Columbia River food webs.
PNAS. 109(52): 7 p.
Keywords: Food webs, Columbia River, river
restoration.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43753
Ecosystem Structure and Function
►Johnson,
D.M.; Domec, J.-C.; Woodruff, D.R.
[et al.]. 2013.
Contrasting hydraulic strategies in two tropical
lianas and their host trees. American Journal of
Botany. 100(2): 1–10.
Keywords: Anacardium excelsum, drought stress,
embolism, gas exchange, Prionostemma aspera,
transpiration, Trichostigma octandrum.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43751
9
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
►
Mayor, J.R.; Schuur, E.A.G.; Mack, M.C. [et al.].
2012.
►
Nitrogen isotope patterns in Alaskan black
spruce reflect organic nitrogen sources and the
activity of ectomycorrihizal fungi. Ecosystems.
15: 819–831.
Kerns, B.K.; Buonopane, M.; Thies, W.G.; Niwa, C.
2011.
Reintroducing fire into a ponderosa pine forest
with and without cattle grazing: understory
vegetation response. Ecosphere. 2(5): 1–23.
Keywords: Black spruce, l5N, denitrifier method,
dissolved organic nitrogen, ectomycorrhiza, isotope
fractionation, mixing models.
Keywords: Cattle grazing, cheatgrass, fire effects,
forest management, maintenance burning, Oregon,
Pinus ponderosa, prescribed fire, season of burn,
vegetation.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43722
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43743
►McCulloh,
K.A.; Woodruff, D.R. 2012.
►
Morvan, D.; Meradji, S.; Mell, W. 2011.
Linking stomatal sensitivity and whole-tree
hydraulic architecture. Tree Physiology. 32:
369–372.
Numerical study of the interaction between a
head fire and backfire and a backfire propagating
in grassland. Fire Safety Science. 10: 1415–1424.
Keywords: Stomatal conductance, water vapor
deficit, transpiration, xylem vulnerability.
Keywords: Suppression, forest fire, wildfires,
physical modeling.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43723
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43726
Fire/Fuels
►Butler,
B.W.; Ottmar, R.D.; Rupp, T.S. [et al.]. 2013.
Quantifying the effect of fuel reduction
treatments on fire behavior in boreal forests.
Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 43: 97–102.
Keywords: Fire behavior, fuel characteristic
classification system, southern wildfire risk
assessment.
►Prichard,
S.J.; Kennedy, M.C. 2012.
Fuel treatment effects on tree mortality following
wildfire in dry mixed conifer forests, Washington
State, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire.
21(8): 1004–1013.
Keywords: Bark beetles, crown scorch, Pinus
ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43729
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43710
►Thompson,
►Hejl,
A.M.; Ottmar, R.D.; Jannik, G.T. [et al.]. 2013.
2013.
M.P.; Vaillant, N.M.; Haas, J.R. [et al.].
Radionuclide activity concentrations in forest
surface fuels at the Savannah River site. Journal
of Environmental Management. 115: 217–226.
Quantifying the potential impacts of fuel
treatments on wildfire suppression costs. Journal
of Forestry. 111(1): 49–58.
Keywords: Litter, duff, surface fuels, radionuclides,
fire, smoke.
Keywords: Wildfire management, hazardous fuels,
suppression cost, risk assessment.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43719
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43006
10
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2013
Fish
►McMillan,
2012.
►
J.R.; Dunham, J.B.; Reeves, G.H. [et al.].
Plant invasions in mountains: global lessons
for better management. Mountain Research and
Development. 31(4): 380–387.
Individual condition and stream temperature
influences early maturation of rainbow
and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Environmental Biology of Fish. 93: 343–355.
Keywords: Biosecurity, climate change, cross-scale
learning, invasive alien plants, prevention.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43727
Keywords: Rainbow trout, steelhead trout,
alternative male phenotypes, resident male maturity,
anadromy, life history.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43724
►
Mycology
►Bonito,
Variability in expression of anadromy by female
Oncorhynchus mykiss within a river network.
Environmental Biology of Fish. 93: 505–517.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43725
Keywords: Fungi, Tuberaceae.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43742
► Halling,
2012.
Harrington, C.A.; St. Clair, J.B. 2012.
Growth phenology of coast Douglas-fir seed
sources planted in diverse environments. Tree
Physiology. 32: 1482–1496.
Keywords: Biogeography, Boletineae, boletes,
evolution, phylogeny, ribosomal DNA.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43718
Keywords: Adaptation, assisted migration, budburst,
cambium, dormancy, genecology.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43717
Invasive Plants and Animals
►Endress,
B.A.; Parks, C.G.; Naylor, BJ. [et al.]. 2012.
Grassland response to herbicides and seeding
of native grasses 6 years posttreatment. Invasive
Plant Science and Management. 5: 311–316.
Keywords: Potentilla recta, rangeland, sulfur
cinquefoil, wildlife management.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43713
R.E.; Nuhn, M.; Osmundson, T. [et al.].
Affinities of the Boletus chromapes group to
Royoungia and the description of two new genera,
Harrya and Australopilus. Australian Systematic
Botany. 25: 418–431.
Genetics
► Gould,P.J.;
G.; Smith, M.E.; Nowak, M. [et al.]. 2013.
Historical biogeography and diversification
of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly
identified Southern hemisphere sister lineage.
PLOS ONE. 8(1): e52765.
Mills, J.S.; Dunham, J.B.; Reeves, G.H. [et al.].
2012.
Keywords: Steelhead trout, rainbow trout,
migration, anadromy, otolith microchemistry.
McDougall, K.L.; Khuroo, A.A.; Loope, L.L. [et al.].
2011.
Natural Resources Policy
►
Geiser, L.H.; Jovan, S.E.; Glavich, D.A.; Porter,
M.K. 2010.
Lichen-based critical loads for atmospheric
nitrogen deposition in Western Oregon and
Washington forests, USA. Environmental
Pollution. 158: 2412–2421.
Keywords: Air pollution, atmospheric deposition,
critical load, lichen, nitrogen.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43715
11
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Urban Forestry Ecosystems
Plant Ecology
►
Buonopane, M.; Snider, G.; Kerns, B.K.; Doescher,
P.S. 2013.
►
Environmental stewardship footprint research:
linking human agency and ecosystem health in
the Puget Sound region. Urban Ecosystems. 16:
13–32.
Complex restoration challenges: weeds, seeds,
and roads in a forested wildland urban interface.
Forest Ecology and Management. 295: 87–96.
Keywords: Seed bank, Wildland Urban Interface
(WUI), mixed-conifer forests, understory
vegetation, herbicide.
Keywords: Urban ecology, civic ecology, Puget
Sound, environmental stewardship, social networks.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43732
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43698
D.M.; McCulloh, K.A.; Woodruff, D.R.;
Meinzer, F.C. 2012.
Wolf, K.L.; Blahna, D.J.; Brinkley, W.; Romolini,
M. 2013.
Wildlife
►Johnson,
►Gervasi,
S.; Gondhalekar, C.; Olson, D.H.;
Blaustein, A.R. 2013.
Hydraulic safety margins and embolism reversal
in stems and leaves: Why are conifers and
angiosperms so different? Plant Science. 195:
48–53.
Host identity matters in the amphibianBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis system: finescale patterns of variation in responses to a
multi-host pathogen. PLOS ONE. 8(1): e54490.
Keywords: Parenchyma, xylem, embolism,
capacitance, vulnerability, nonstructural
carbohydrates.
Keywords: Amphibians, disease, susceptibility,
reservoir species, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43721
Silviculture
►
Devine, W.D.; Harrington, C.A. 2013.
Restoration release of overtopped Oregon
white oak increases 10-year growth and acorn
production. Forest Ecology and Management.
291: 87–95.
Keywords: Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana,
restoration, release, acorn production, suppression.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43712
►Urgenson,
L.L.; Halpern, C.B.; Anderson, P.D. 2013.
Twelve-year responses of planted and naturally
regenerating conifers to variable-retention
harvest in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Canadian
Journal of Forestry Research. 43: 46–55.
Keywords: Seedling growth, seedling mortality,
dispersed retention, regeneration harvest,
Pseudotsuga menziesii.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43731
12
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43716
►
Olson, D.H.; Aanensen, D.M.; Ronnenberg, K.L.
[et al.]. 2013.
Mapping the global emergence of
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the amphibian
chytrid fungus. PLOS ONE. 8(2): e56802.
Keywords: Disease, map, frogs, salamanders,
temperature, distribution.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43728
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