RE TU DE PA RT MENT OF AGRI C U L United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station Fourth Quarter, 2013 Contents About the Pacific Northwest Research Station .................................................... 1 Subscribe to Our RSS Feeds .................................................................................... 2 Locate Publications by Using Treesearch ............................................................ 3 Station Publications ................................................................................................... 4 Journals and Other Publications .............................................................................8 Order Form/Mailing List Updates .............................................Inside back cover Available Online! We now offer an interactive online version of our Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station (quarterly list). This Web page allows you to: • Preview publications before ordering. • Instantly request printed copies of station publications. • Subscribe to RSS feed or ListServe to be notified when new quarterly lists of recent publications are released. This resource can be found at: http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/qlist.shtml To unsubscribe from hardcopy delivery of this publication, or to receive this publication electronically, change your delivery preference here: http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/subscription.shtml The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, status as a parent (in education and training programs and activities), because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or retaliation. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs or activities.) If you require this information in alternative format (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.), contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (Voice or TDD). To file a complaint alleging discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call toll free, (866) 632-9992 (Voice). TDD users can contact USDA through local relay or the Federal relay at (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (relay voice users). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 The Pacific Northwest Research Station The Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station is one of 6 research units in the USDA Forest Service. The research units collectively conduct the most extensive and productive program of integrated forestry research in the world. The PNW Research Station was established in 1925. The station has its headquarters in Portland, Oregon; 11 research laboratories and centers in Alaska, Oregon, and Washington; and 12 active experimental areas (watershed, range, and experimental forests). The station also conducts research in more than 20 research natural areas. Our mission is to generate and communicate impartial scientific knowledge to help people understand and make informed choices about natural resource management and sustainability. PNW Research Station Laboratories and Centers Anchorage Forestry Sciences Laboratory 3301 C Street, Suite 200 Anchorage, AK 99503-3954 Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis, OR 97331-4401 Fairbanks Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756780 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6780 Juneau Forestry Sciences Laboratory 11175 Auke Lake Way Juneau, AK 99801 La Grande Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande, OR 97850-3368 Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory 3625 93rd Avenue SW Olympia, WA 98512-9193 Portland Forestry Sciences Laboratory 620 SW Main, Suite 400 P.O. Box 3890 Portland, OR 97208-3890 Prineville Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center 3160 NE 3rd Street P.O. Box 490 Prineville, OR 97754 Seattle Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory 400 N 34th Street, Suite 201 Seattle, WA 98103 Sitka Alaska Wood Utilization Research and Development Center 204 Siginaka Way Sitka, AK 99835-7316 Wenatchee Forestry Sciences Laboratory 1133 N Western Avenue Wenatchee, WA 98801-1229 1 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION Receive publications electronically by subscribing to our RSS feeds http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/RSS/index.shtml What Is RSS? Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is an XML-based format for distributing Web content. With RSS, you can regularly gather information from Web sites—without actually visiting them—and deliver the information to your computer as a “feed.” Because you can subscribe to just those feeds that are of interest to you, RSS puts you in control of the information you receive from the Web. To better meet users’ needs, the PNW Research Station has made its popular content available as RSS 2.0 feeds. You now can subscribe to and receive feeds of the station’s news releases, event announcements, and publications. How to Subscribe To subscribe to RSS feeds, you first need a “reader”—a software program that allows you to aggregate RSS feeds. Many readers are available, often free of charge and downloadable from the Web. Visit our Web site to find links to free downloads. After installing a reader, you can add feeds from a Web site by clicking on the feeds button. 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Available Feeds Publications by Type Publications by Topic • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • General Technical Reports Journal Articles Resource Bulletins Research Notes Research Papers Science Findings Quarterly List of Recent Publications • All Publications 2 Climate Change Economics Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Structure and Function Fire/Fuels Forest Management Geomorphology and Hydrology Invasive Plants and Animals Landscape Ecology Land Use Economics • • • • • • • Monitoring Range Management Resource Inventory Silviculture Social Sciences Wildlife Wood Utilization News • PNW Research Station News Releases Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 Locate USDA Forest Service Research Publications online at http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us What Is Treesearch? Treesearch is an online system for locating and delivering publications by Research and Development scientists in the USDA Forest Service. Publications in the collection include research monographs published by the agency as well as papers written by our scientists but published by other organizations in their journals, conference proceedings, or books. Research results behind these publications have been peer-reviewed to ensure the best quality of science. Searching for Publications Treesearch lets you search listings by author, keyword, originating station, or date. Keyword searches examine both the title and abstract. Viewing and Printing Publications Once you have selected a publication, you can view and print the entire publication online. All publications listed in Treesearch have their full text available online, usually in Adobe’s Portable Document Format (PDF). In some cases, the publications have been scanned from the original using optical character recognition, a process that can result in errors. For this reason, some publications offer two PDF versions, a compact file with captured text plus a larger “pristine” version in which text is represented graphically. Either way, your computer will need Adobe Acrobat Reader installed to view and print the document. If you need this free plug-in, see Adobe’s Acrobat Reader download page at http://www.adobe.com/products/ acrobat/readstep2.html. 3 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION Station Publications These publications are available for download at the Web site listed under each abstract. To order a printed station publication, circle its five-digit number on the inside back cover, cut out the order form, place in an envelope, and send it to the address indicated. Please do not remove the label containing your name and address. It is used to send your publications. If there is no label, please fill in your name and address. We now offer an interactive online version of our Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station. This Web page allows you to preview our quarterly publications before ordering and instantly request printed copies of station publications. This resource can be found at: http:// www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/qlist.shtml. Aquatic/Riparian Systems 14-003S ►Olson, D.; Parks, N. 2013. Sleuthing out a silent scourge for amphibians. Science Findings 156. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p. The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), causes the infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which has triggered massive die-offs and extinctions of amphibians around the world. The disease, identified in 1998, is a significant contributor to the global amphibian biodiversity crisis, and no clear means of arresting its spread has been found. Conservationists, scientists, and wildlife managers are grappling with understanding the extent and severity of chytrid disease and its ramifications on species and ecosystems. Enlisting collaborators around the world, Dede Olson, with the Pacific Northwest Research Station, and her colleagues initiated a global surveillance project in the form of a website-based database, displayed on publicly accessible maps that show the incidence of Bd and the affected species. The first comprehensive report on the collected data revealed that patterns of infection differed among different species and sites. However, it was evident that biodiversity within amphibian communities and climate factors play significant roles in Bd occurrence. These and other 4 findings have inspired a barrage of new studies and the project website has grown into an international clearinghouse for science and management strategies pertaining to imperiled amphibians. The project is also fostering a novel model for networking and partnerships to produce and share results more rapidly and on broader scales, which could ultimately benefit many different fields. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi156.pdf Bibliographies 14-032M ►Pacific Northwest Research Station. 2013. Recent publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, third quarter, 2013. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 10 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/qlist.shtml Climate Change 13-115S ►Raymond, C.L.; McKenzie, D. 2013. Comparing algorithms for estimating foliar biomass of conifers in the Pacific Northwest. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 23 p. Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 Accurate estimates of foliar biomass (FB) are important for quantifying carbon storage in forest ecosystems, but FB is not always reported in regional or national inventories. Foliar biomass also drives key ecological processes in ecosystem models. Published algorithms for estimating FB in conifer species of the Pacific Northwest can yield significantly different results, but have not been rigorously compared for species other than Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). We compared five algorithms for estimating FB for seven common coniferous species in the Pacific Northwest. Algorithms based on diameter at breast height (DBH), or on DBH and height, consistently yield higher estimates of FB than algorithms based on sapwood area. At the tree level, differences between algorithms increased with increasing DBH for all species, but their order and magnitude differed by species. At the stand level, differences among algorithms were muted by the mix of species and diameter classes that contributed to total FB of stands of different seral stages and species composition. Significant differences among estimates of FB from different algorithms show the need for consistent methods for estimating FB for carbon accounting, tests of the sensitivity of ecosystem models to these differences, and more field observations to compare algorithms. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rp595.pdf Fire/Fuels within the Integrated Fuels Treatment Decision Support System (Joint Fire Science Program 2012). It can also be run from command line as a standalone calculator. The flexible design of FCCS allows users to represent the structural complexity and diversity of fuels created through natural processes (e.g., forest succession and disturbance) and management activities (e.g., forest harvesting and fuels reduction). Each fuelbed is organized into six strata, including canopy, shrubs, herbaceous vegetation, woody fuels, litter-lichen-moss, and ground fuels. Strata are further divided into categories and subcategories. Fuelbeds representing common fuel types throughout much of North America are available in the FCCS reference library. Users may select an FCCS fuelbed to represent their specific project or customize a fuelbed to reflect actual site conditions. The FCCS reports the following results: (1) fuel characteristics by fuelbed, stratum, category, and subcategory; (2) surface fire behavior (i.e., reaction intensity, rate of spread, and flame length); and (3) FCCS fire potential ratings of surface fire behavior, crown fire behavior, and available fuels. With its large fuels data set and ability to represent a wide variety of fuel conditions, the FCCS has numerous applications, from small-scale fuel reduction projects to large-scale emissions and carbon assessments. This report provides technical documentation of the required inputs and computations in the FCCS. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr887.pdf 13-114S ►Prichard, 2013. S. J.; Sandberg, D.V.; Ottmar, R.D. [et al.]. Fuel Characteristic Classification System version 3.0: technical documentation. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-887. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 79 p. The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) is a software module that records wildland fuel characteristics and calculates potential fire behavior and hazard potentials based on input environmental variables. The FCCS 3.0 is housed Land Use 13-113S ►Azuma, D.; Thompson, J.; Weyermann, D. 2013. Changes in development near public forest lands in Oregon and Washington, 1974–2005: implications for management. Res. Pap. PNWRP-596. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 21 p. Development owing to population increases over the last 30 years has greatly affected forested lands in the United States. To assess and compare increases 5 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION in development, we counted changes in the number of structures on a systematic grid of photointerpreted points around public forest land in Washington and Oregon. Areas bordering public forest land are showing substantial increases in development, with the number of structures on private lands near almost all types of public forest more than doubling between the 1970s and 2000s. Lands bordering Washington’s Department of Natural Resources lands have more than twice as many new structures along their edges compared to other public owners. In Oregon, the greatest amount of development occurred along the edges of Bureau of Land Management forests. The greatest increases in structure density along the borders of public forests occurred in Pierce, King, Snohomish, and Clark Counties in Washington, and Deschutes County in Oregon. The continuing development pressure along the edges of public forests in Washington and Oregon has numerous consequences, including increased road density with more human-caused ignition of wildfire, higher probability for invasive species, greater demand for local recreation, higher fire suppression costs, and increased complexity for managers trying to reduce wildfire hazard through fuel treatments. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rp596.pdf 13-085S ►Zerbe, J.; Nicholls, D. 2013. Lignocellulose to transportation fuels—historical perspectives and status of worldwide facilities in 2010–2011. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-885. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 20 p. The U.S. Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), located in Madison, Wisconsin, celebrated its centennial in 2010, and one of the lab’s signature research areas during this century of achievement has been lignocellulosic transportation fuels. Many of these research advances have occurred either during wartime emergencies or times of economic crisis. Although great progress has been made, 6 commercial production of lignocellulosic fuels has been limited. In this paper, we take an in-depth look at advances, breakthroughs, and motivating factors in liquid fuels research both at the FPL and in the private sector. We examine the current status of lignocellulosic transportation fuels as well as near-term prospects for commercialization. We then summarize leading efforts at lignocellulosic fuel production in a comprehensive table. We consider the role that the FPL might have in developing lignocellulosic fuels during its second century as well as the commercial potential for private sector firms. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr885.pdf Sustainable Operations 13-123S ►Meyer, R.S.; Nicholls, D.L.; Patterson, T.M.; White, R.E. 2013. Energy efficiency in U.S. Forest Service facilities: a multiregion review. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-886. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 28 p. We reviewed energy efficiency measures in facilities across the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, examining opportunities and obstacles, and identifying factors of project success. The adoption of energy efficiency measures at Forest Service sites was seen to be most likely when decision control was local to the site and when budget timing and structures were familiar to decisionmakers and planned for in advance. The role of information diffusion is an important factor in both the planning and demonstration phases of energy efficient projects. The findings presented can help other Forest Service units and other governmental agencies reach the ambitious energy reduction goals stated in Executive Orders 13423 and 13514. Higher returns on investment and more informed decisionmaking can be supported by better data documentation (pre- and postinvestment) and research into lifecycle analyses of project benefits. Much of the Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 work summarized in this paper addresses minor purchasing decisions and energy saving equipment; however, future developments will likely include larger-scale projects, including new construction of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designcertified buildings and new renewable energy projects. Resources to aid Forest Service personnel in making energy use decisions are summarized. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr886.pdf 13-005S ►Nicholls, D.; Patterson, T. 2013. Community energy management in Sitka, Alaska: What strategies can help increase energy independence? Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-882. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 29 p. This report summarizes practical energy management strategies that could help communities in southeast Alaska move closer to energy independence while utilizing local resources more effectively. Our analysis focuses primarily on Sitka, Alaska, yet could be relevant to other communities having similar energy structures that rely primarily on hydroelectric power. We consider how community energy capacity and locally abundant resources can help communities move toward energy independence. Our recommendations focus on energy conservation, appropriately scaled renewable energy project development, and adoption of new technologies, including electric vehicles. We also identify key stakeholder elements that could be important for successful collaborative projects in southeast Alaska. Last, we consider broader implications for southeast Alaska, including communities having energy resources different from those of Sitka. Threatened, Endangered, Sensitive Species 14-004M ► Raphael, M.; O’Callaghan, J. 2013 From trees to seas—marbled murrelet numbers are down. Science Findings 157. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p. In 1992, the marbled murrelet population in the Pacific Northwest was listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act, along with the northern spotted owl and Pacific salmon. These designations were embodied in the 1994 Northwest Forest Plan, which takes an ecosystem approach to managing about 25 million acres of federal lands, with a goal of maintaining and restoring these species’ habitats and populations. Scientists with the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest Research Stations as well as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife have found that, despite the plan’s conservation efforts, marbled murrelet populations declined almost 30 percent from 2000 to 2010 in Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Although reasons for this decline are unclear, logging of large, older coniferous forest on nonfederal lands within the murrelet’s range is one likely cause, along with wildfire, windstorms, increased predation on murrelet eggs and chicks, and changing ocean conditions. Suitable nesting habitat is well protected on federal lands; however, about a third of this suitable nesting habitat occurs on nonfederal lands, where protections are less and losses are much greater than for federally managed habitat. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi157.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr882.pdf 7 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION Journals and Other Publications The following publications were not published by the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station, although the work was supported by the station. These publications may be viewed online at the USDA Research and Development Treesearch Web site listed under each article. If you would like a hard copy, you may print the articles from this Web site. For more information about Treesearch, see page 3 of this report. You may also obtain hard copies through university libraries or from the publisher; some outlets may charge for these services. Forestry libraries in the Northwest receive proceedings volumes and subscribe to the journals in which PNW authors publish. Some forestry libraries in the Northwest are: Valley Library Natural Sciences Library Oregon State University Box 352900 Corvallis, OR 97331 University of Washington (Visit or request article from Seattle, WA 98195-2900 the Interlibrary Loan section) (To visit only) Interlibrary Borrowing Services Suzzallo Library, FM 25 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 (To request article only) Aquatic/Riparian Systems ►May, 2013. University of Alaska Library 3211 Providence Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 (Visit or request article from the Interlibrary Loan section) ►Flitcroft, A simple model that identifies potential effects of sea-level rise on estuarine and estuary-ecotone habitat locations for salmonids in Oregon, USA. Environmental Management. 52: 196–208. C.; Roering, J.; Eaton, L.S.; Burnett, K.M. Controls on valley width in mountainous landscapes: the role of landsliding and implications for salmonid habitat. Geology. 41(4): 503–506. Keywords: Salmonids, digital elevation models, LiDAR, sea-level rise, estuary, habitat. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45338 Keywords: Debris flow, stream channel, salmon habitat. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45351 ►Nuñez, Keywords: Climate change, dendrochronology, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45333 8 Keywords: Adaptation, climate gradients, conservation planning, corridors, reserve design. G.C.; Peterson, D.W.; Nelson, C.R. 2012. Effect of crown class and habitat type on climategrowth relationships of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management. 285: 44–52. T.A.; Lawler, J.J.; McRae, B.H. [et al.]. 2013. Connectivity planning to address climate change. Conservation Biology. 27(2): 407–416. Climate Change ►Carnwath, R.; Burnett, K.; Christiansen, K. 2013. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45355 ► Wilsey, C.B.; Lawler, J.J.; Maurer, E.P. [et al.]. 2013. Tools for assessing climate impacts on fish and wildlife. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. 4(1): 220–241. Keywords: Ecological modeling, hydrology. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45369 Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 Economics ►Donovan, ►Champ, Living in a tinderbox: wildfire risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 22: 832–840. G.H.; Butry, D.T.; Michael, Y.L. [et al.]. 2013. The relationship between trees and human health: evidence from the spread of the emerald ash borer. American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 44(2): 139–145. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45049 Keywords: Natural hazard, wildland-urban interface. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44329 ► 2011. Hoffman, C.M.; Morgan, P.; Mell, W. [et al.]. 2013. Surface fire intensity influences simulated crown fire behavior in lodgepole pine forests with recent mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality. Forest Science. 59(4): 390–399. Ecosystem Structure and Function ►Brantley, P.A.; Donovan, G.H.; Barth, C.M. 2013. S.L.; Megonigal, J.P.; Scatena, F.N. [et al.]. Keywords: Fire hazard, computational fluid dynamics, spatial heterogeneity. Twelve testable hypotheses on the geobiology of weathering. Geobiology. 9: 140–165. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45341 Keywords: Weathering, soil, regolith. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45327 ► ► Eitzel, M.V.; Diver, S.; Sardiñas, H. [et al.]. 2012. Insights from a cross-disciplinary seminar: 10 pivotal papers for ecological restoration. Restoration Ecology. 20(2): 1–6. Keywords: Climate modeling, coupled social and ecological systems, ecological monitoring. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45336 ►Woodall, 2013. C.W.; Walters, B.F.; Oswalt, S.N. [et al.]. Biomass and carbon attributes of downed woody materials in forests of the United States. Forest Ecology and Management. 305: 48–59. Keywords: Coarse woody debris, fine woody debris, carbon, biomass, United States, forests. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43738 Fire/Fuels ►Campbell, J.L.; Ager, A.A. 2013. Forest wildfire, fuel reduction treatments, and landscape carbon stocks: a sensitivity analysis. Journal of Environmental Management. 121: 124–132. Keywords: Fuel treatment, wildfire, landscape simulation modeling, sensitivity analysis. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45344 Hudak, A.T.; Ottmar, R.D.; Vihnanek, R.E. [et al.]. 2013. The relationship of post-fire white ash cover to surface fuel consumption. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 22: 780–785. Keywords: Black char, fire effects, fire severity, fuelbed, prescribed fire. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44753 ►Johnson, M.C.; Halofsky, J.E.; Peterson, D.L. 2013. Effects of salvage logging and pile-and-burn on fuel loading, potential fire behaviour, fuel consumption and emissions. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 22: 757–769. Keywords: Blowdown, CONSUME 3.0, FFE-FVS, FCCS, fuel reduction treatments, windstorms. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45343 ►Keane, R.E.; Herynk, J.M.; Toney, C. [et al.]. 2013. Evaluating the performance and mapping of three fuel classification systems using Forest Inventory and Analysis surface fuel measurements. Forest Ecology and Management. 305: 248–263. Keywords: Fuel loading model, Fuel Type Groups, LANDFIRE fuel mapping, fire effects inputs. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44779 9 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION ►T hies, W.G.; Westlind, D.J.; Loewen, M. 2013. ► Impact of spring or fall repeated prescribed fire on growth of ponderosa pine in eastern Oregon, USA. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 28(3): 128–132. Management trade-off between aboveground carbon storage and understory plant species richness in temperate forests. Ecological Applications. 23(6): 1297–1310. Keywords: Bark thickness, Pinus ponderosa, Blue Mountains. Keywords: Carbon mitigation, coarse woody debris, down wood, emergent properties, ground-layer plant communities, herbaceous layer, old growth, structural equation modeling. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45366 ►Wright, C.S. 2013. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45328 Fuel consumption models for pine flatwoods fuel types in the southeastern United States. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 37(3): 148–159. ► Harrington, 2013. Keywords: Fire effects, gallberry, longleaf pine, modeling, saw palmetto, shrubs. Fish Keywords: Chinook salmon, habitat modeling, intrinsic potential, digital elevation model, Lower Columbia River (USA). http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45329 Forest Management ►Brodie, Keywords: Vegetation management, soil productivity, microclimate. D.S.; Sheer, M.; Burnett, K. [et al.]. 2013. Landscape-level model to predict spawning habitat for Lower Columbia River fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). River Research and Applications. 29: 297–312. L.C.; DeBell, D.S. 2013. Residual densities affect growth of overstory trees and planted Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar: results from the first decade. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 28(3): 121–127. Keywords: Overstory retention, regeneration, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45371 T.B.; Slesak, R.A.; Schoenholtz, S.H. Variation in logging debris cover influences competitor abundance, resource availability, and early growth of planted Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management. 206: 41–52. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45370 ►Busch, Burton, J.I.; Ares, A.; Olson, D.H.; Puettmann, K.J. 2013. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45340 ► Progar, R.A.; Blackford, D.C.; Cluck, D.R. [et al.]. 2013. Population densities and tree diameter effects associated with verbenone treatments to reduce mountain pine beetle-caused mortality of lodgepole pine. Forest Entomology. 106(1): 221–228. Keywords: Mountain pine beetle, verbenone, semiochemical, lodgepole pine, antiaggregant. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45359 Forest Products ►Jones, G.; Loeffler, D.; Butler, E. [et al.]. 2013. The financial feasibility of delivering forest treatment residues to bioenergy facilities over a range of diesel fuel and delivered biomass prices. Biomass and Bioenergy. 48: 171–180. Keywords: Woody biomass, bioenergy, logging residues, biomass supply, biomass price, biomass cost. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/42810 10 Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 Genetics ► Gilmore, ► B.; Bassil, N.; Nyberg, A. [et al.]. 2013. St. Clair, J.B.; Kilkenny, F.F.; Johnson, R.C. [et al.]. 2013. Genetic variation in adaptive traits and seed transfer zones for Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) in the northwestern United States. Ecological Applications. 6(6): 933–948. Microsatellite marker development in Peony using next generation sequencing. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 138(1): 64–74. Keywords: Paeonia lactiflora, intersectional, simple sequence repeat primers, Illumina libraries. Keywords: Climate change, genecology, plant adaptation, Pseudoroegneria spicata, seed transfer, seed zones. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45339 http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44356 ►Howe, G.R.; Yu, J.; Knaus, B. [et al.]. 2013. A SNP resource for Douglas-fir: de novo transcriptome assembly and SNP detection and validation. BMC Genomics. 14(Art. 137): 1–22. Invasive Plants and Animals ► Passive reestablishment of riparian vegetation following removal of invasive knotweed (Polygonum). Invasive Plant Science and Management. 6: 208–218. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45342 ► Njunguna, W.; Liston, A.; Cronn, R. [et al.]. 2013. Keywords: Community composition, exotic, invasive, native, nonnative. Insights into phylogeny, sex function and age of Fragaria based on whole chloroplast genome sequencing. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66: 17–29. Keywords: Plastome, polyploidy, self-compatibility. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45354 ► Rai, H.S.; Mock, K.E.; Richardson, B.A. [et al.]. 2013. Transcriptome characterization and detection of gene expression differences in aspen (Populus tremuloides). Tree Genetics and Genomes. 9: 1031–1041. Keywords: Trembling aspen, quaking aspen, RNASeq, SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism). http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44262 ► Ross-Davis, A.L.; Stewart, J.E.; Hanna, J.W. [et al.]. 2013. Transcriptome of an Armillaria root disease pathogen reveals candidate genes involved in host substrate utilization at the host-pathogen interface. Forest Pathology. 10 p. doi: 10.1111/ efp.12056. Claeson, S.M.; Bisson, P.A. 2013. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45335 ► Evans, G.A.; Kilkenny, F.F.; Galloway, L.F. 2013. Evolution of competitive ability within Lonicera japonica’s invaded range. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174(5): 740–748. Keywords: Intraspecific competition, invasive species, vine, population differentiation, Japanese honeysuckle. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44358 ► Lundquist, J.E.; Reich, R.M.; Tuffly, M. 2012. Spatial dynamics of the invasive defoliator amber-marked birch leafminer across the Anchorage landscape. Journal of Economic Entomology. 105(5): 1661–1667. Keywords: Urban landscape, spatial analysis, urban insect pest. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45350 http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45361 11 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION Invertebrates ► Reich, R.M.; Lundquist, J.E.; Bravo, V.A. 2013. Monitoring ► Characterizing spatial distributions of insect pests across Alaskan forested landscape: a case study using aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella Chambers). Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 32: 527–548. A simple tool for estimating throughfall nitrogen deposition in forests of western North America using lichens. Forest Ecology and Management. 306: 1–8. Keywords: Air quality, critical loads, lichens, nitrogen deposition, throughfall. Keywords: Binary classification trees, climate, roadside surveys, satellite imagery, spatial error model. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45360 ► Withrow, http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/44832 ► Steel, 2012. J.R.; Lundquist, J.E.; Negron, J.F. 2013. Keywords: Bark beetles, Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae. Landscape Ecology ► Lintz, H.E.; Gray, A.N.; McCune, B. 2013. Effect of inventory method on niche models: random versus systematic error. Ecological Informatics. 18: 20–34. Keywords: Niche model, forest inventory, sample design, non-parametric multiplicative regression. E.A.; Jensen, D.W.; Burnett, K.M. [et al.]. Landscape characteristics and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) distributions: explaining abundance versus occupancy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 69: 457–468. Spatial dispersal of Douglas-fir beetle populations in Colorado and Wyoming. ISRN Forestry. 2013: Article ID 542380. 10 p. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43811 Root, H.T.; Geiser, L.H.; Fenn, M.E. [et al.]. 2013. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45364 Natural Resources Policy ► Trusty, T.; Cerveny, L.K. 2012. The role of discretion in recreation decisionmaking by resource professionals in the USDA Forest Service. Journal of Environmental Management. 107: 114–123. Keywords: Administrative discretion, riparian recreation, values, public policy implementation, USDA Forest Service. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45368 http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45349 Marine Mammals ►Alexander, A.; Steel, D.; Slikas, B. [et al.]. 2012. Low diversity in the mitogenome of sperm whales revealed by next-generation sequencing. Genome Biology and Evolution. 5(1): 113–129. Keywords: Physeter macrocephalus, nucleotide diversity, mitochondrial genome, mtDNA, Bayesian phylogenetics, cetacean, population genetics. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45324 12 Plant Ecology ►Barnard, D.M.; Lachenbruch, B.; McCulloh, K.A. [et al.]. 2013. Do ray cells provide a pathway for radial water movement in the stems of conifer trees? American Journal of Botany. 100(2): 322–331. Keywords: Conifers, drought, hydraulic architecture, hydraulic conductivity, radial conductivity, ray parenchyma, ray tracheids, xylem anatomy. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45325 Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2013 ► Meinzer, F.C.; McCulloh, K.A. 2013. Xylem recovery from drought-induced embolism: Where is the hydraulic point of no return? Tree Physiology. 33: 331–334. Plant Pathology ► Kelsey, 2013. Ethanol attracts scolytid beetles to Phytophthora ramorum cankers on coast live oak. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 39(4): 494–506. Keywords: Drought, tree hydraulic architecture. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45352 Keywords: Quercus agrifolia, ambrosia beetles, bark beetles, deterrents, ethanol, Phytophthora ramorum, sudden oak death. ► Meinzer, F.C.; Woodruff, D.R.; Eissenstat, D.M. [et al.]. 2013. Above- and belowground controls on water use by trees of different wood types in an eastern US deciduous forest. Tree Physiology. 33: 345–356. Keywords: Critical zone observatory, drought, sap flow, stomata, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit. ► http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45348 ► Stong, R.A.; Kolodny, E.; Kelsey, R.G. [et al.]. 2013. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45353 Effect of plant sterols and tannins on Phytophthora ramorum growth and sporulation. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 39: 733–743. Pineda-Garcia, F.; Paz, H.; Meinzer, F.C. 2013. Keywords: Phytophthora ramorum, tannin, sterol, elicitin, protein binding. Drought resistance in early and late secondary successional species from a tropical dry forest: the interplay between xylem resistance to embolism, sapwood water storage and leaf shedding. Plant, Cell and Environment. 36: 405–418. Keywords: Drought avoidance, drought tolerance, evolutionary trade-off, hydraulic architecture, secondary succession, soil drought, stem water storage capacity. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45358 ► R.G.; Beh, M.M.; Shaw, D.C.; Manter, D.K. Scholz, F.G.; Bucci, S.J.; Arias, N. [et al.]. 2012. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45365 Recreation ► Tilt, J.H.; Cerveny, L. 2013. Master-planned in exurbia: examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe. Landscape and Urban Planning. 114: 102–112. Keywords: Population growth, land use change, housing preference, natural amenities, community cohesion, community design. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45367 Osmotic and elastic adjustments in cold desert shrubs differing in rooting depth: coping with drought and subzero temperatures. Oecologia. 170: 885–897. Keywords: Elastic modulus, hydraulic conductivity, stomatal conductance, tissue injury, water relationships. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45362 13 PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION Social Sciences ► Asah, S.T.; Blahna, D.J. 2012. Wildlife ► Smith, Motivational functionalism and urban conservation stewardship: implications for volunteer involvement. Conservation Letters. 5: 470–477. Flying squirrel demography varies between island communities with and without red squirrels. Northwest Science. 86(1): 27–38. Keywords: Conservation psychology, conservation funding, urban biodiversity conservation, motivations, recruitment, retention, Seattle-Tacoma. Keywords: Alexander Archipelago, den selection, interference competition, northern flying squirrel, red squirrel, population density, temperate rainforests. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45323 http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45363 ► Charnley, Wood Utilization S.; Cerveny, L.K. 2011. US Forest Service experimental forests and ranges: an untapped resource for social science. Journal of Forestry. 109(6): 313–320. ► Keywords: Renewable energy, BioBricks, compressed wood, consumers. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45334 Fischer, A.P.; Kline, J.D.; Charnley, S.; Olsen, C. 2013. Erratum to ‘Identifying policy target groups with qualitative and quantitative methods: the case of wildfire risk on nonindustrial private forest lands’ [Forest Policy and Economics. 25: 62–71]. Forest Policy and Economics. 28: 69–78. Keywords: Policy design, policy target groups, segmentation, nonindustrial private forest owners, fuel reduction policy. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45337 ► Poe, M.R.; McClain, R.J.; Emery, M.; Hurley, P. 2013. Urban forest justice and the rights to wild foods, medicines, and materials in the city. Human Ecology. 41(3): 409–422. Keywords: Urban foraging, forest justice, urban ecosystems, NTFPs, social benefits. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/43868 14 Brackley, A.M.; Gorman, R.; Peterson, K. 2013. Physical properties and consumer reaction to use of compressed wood bricks in southeast Alaska. Forest Products Journal. 62(7/8): 571–578. Keywords: US Forest Service, social science research, experimental forests and ranges, human uses of public lands. ► W.P. 2012. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45326 ► Pelaez-Samaniego, M.R.; Yadama, V.; Lowell, E. [et al.]. 2013. Hot water extracted wood fiber for production of wood plastic composites (WPCs). De Gruyter. 67(2): 193–200. Keywords: Extrusion, hot water extraction, hygroscopicity, wood plastic composite (WPC). http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/45357 To receive a printed publication from this list, circle the appropriate number, and cut out this order card, place it in an envelope, and mail to: PNW Publications Portland Habilitation Center, Inc. 5312 NE 148th Portland, OR 97230-3438 Please leave label attached. 13-005S (GTR-882) 13-114S (GTR-887) 14-003S (SF-156) 13-085S (GTR-885) 13-115S (RP-595) 14-004M (SF-157) 13-113S (RP-596) 13-123S (GTR-886) 14-032M (RecentPubsQ3/2013) Check here to remove your name from (paper copy) mailing list or to indicate changes that you made on the address label. I would like to receive an email notification when the Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station is available online. 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