Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Spatial planning of MPAs:
resolving conflicts between users
D T
Dr.
Torsten S
Schulze,
h l
D
Dr. Vanessa
V
S
Stelzenmüller
l
üll
Johann Heinrich vo
on Thünen-Institute
Institute of Sea Fissheries,
sheries Hamburg
Westbanks Symposium, Leuven
22nd of Ma
arch 2011
Outline
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
1. Overview of the state of the artt of MPA development in Germany
a) Plaice Box
b) Nature 2000 in EEZ
c) Nature 2000 in territorial wa
aters & national parks
d) Areas
A
in
i numbers
b
2 Conflict Analyses
2.
a) Stakeholder involvement & interviews
b)) Mapping
pp g of activities
c) Cross boarder analyses
d) Conflict matrix
e) Scenario modelling
3 Resolving Conflicts
3.
a) Marine spatial planning
b) Technical development
4. Outlook
1. a) Plaice Box
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
• Marine Protected Area (MPA) in
the German Bight off the coast off
NLD, GER, DEN
• To reduce plaice discard
• 1989 (2. & 3. quarter)
• 1995 (whole year)
1. a) Plaice Box
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
• No vessels >221 kW (300 hp)
• But still trawling for
• Common shrimp (no TAC,
T
no quota)
• Plaice
Pl i (TAC)
• Sole (TAC)
Germ
man shrimper
15 to
o 20 m
<< 30
00 hp
1. a) Plaice Box
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
>221kW
Effort 2008
from VMS data
BEAM 80 99mm
BEAM.80-99mm
NLD
GER
Mixed flatfish
fisheries
<=221kW
(Beare et al. 2010
1. b) Nature 2000 in EEZ
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
1. Habitat directive (FFH)
a) Riffes & sandbanks
b) Wales (Habour purpose)
gears
c)) Bottom contact g
d) Gill & trammel nets
Dogger Bank (FFH)
1698.95 km2
Sylter Außenriff
(FFH)
5314 28 kkm2
5314.28
2 Bi
2.
Bird
d di
directive
ti
a) e.g. Red-throated Diver
b) Gill & trammel nets
Borkum Rifff Grund
(FFH))
625 48 kkm2
625.48
(sou
urce: BSH)
Östliche Deutsche Bucht
(Bird)
3135,13 km2
1. b) Nature 2000 in EEZ
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Ongoing process
1. Scientific assessment of areas (ongoing)
g
y for Nature
a)) vTI and Federal Agency
Conservation (BfN)
b) Evaluation of environment and
a fisheries
2. Management scenarios/optionss
a) Spatial & temporal management
b) Specific gears (bottom conttact, gill &
trammel nets))
3 P
3.
Politics
liti h
have tto d
decide
id
a) Federal Ministries: BMU (En
nvironment) & BMELV (Fisheries)
b) Stakeholder involvement
1. c) Nature 2000 in territorial waters &
National Parks
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Nature 2000
1. Ongoing process
a)) Federal states
b) Development of
integrated
managementt plan
l
Schlesswig-Holstein
swig Holstein
Nied
dersachsen
(source: BSH,BfN, Land Schleswig-Holstein
1. c) Nature 2000 in territorial waters &
National Parks
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
e.g. Activities & Management in national park
p
“Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer”
6) Only defined areas
…
8) Only platform „Mittelplate A“
9) Only Areas east of Sylt and Amrum
10) Only in areas coved by water
Oil extraction
Fishing of oyssters
Fishing of Shrrimps
and
d fish
Fishing of cocckles
Fishing of musssels10
1. d) German MPA areas
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
„habitat“
„bird“
(Fock 2011, Marine Policy)
1. d) German MPA areas
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Number of conservation objectives
j
by
y Specia
p al Areas of Conservation ((SAC)) in Germanyy
(Fock 2011, Marine Policy)
2.Conflict analyses
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
a) Stakeholder
Involvement
2. Conflict analyses
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
b) Mapping of activities
International fishing activities w
within the German EEZ of the
North Sea (e.g. Shrimp Fish
heries)
DENMARK
GERMANY
NETHERLANDS
2. Conflict analyses
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
c) Cross border
analyses
M
Map:
Working document FIMPAS, DTU Aqua
f
2
2
Gi l l Tra m
f
2
2
Oys te rs
f
3
2
f
2
2
f
3
3
f
3
3
f
2
2
f
3
3
f
3
3
f
2
3
pe rma ne nt mus s e l s e e d mus s e l 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
0
Wi nd fa rms
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Oi l & Ga s
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
Aggre ga te e xtra cti on Shi ppi ng (corri dor)
Cl s d a re a s : pe rma ne nt
Cl s d a re a s : i nte rmi tte nt
Coa s ta l de ve l opme
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
m
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
5
4
6
6
4
3
f
3
2
Di s pos a l s i te
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
0
f
3
2
Ca bl e s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
f
3
2
Pi pe l i ne s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
f
3
2
f
3
2
f
3
2
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
5
6
6
5
5
0
level of space
scale
2
2
m
2
1
levvel of tim
me scale
DRDG.4‐6
2
f
2
3
Cables
1
2
2
f
3
3
Pipelines
1
1
2
2
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
m
m
3
3
Coastal deve
elopment
1
m
f
2
2
Closed areas: inte
ermittent
m
f
3
3
Shipping (corridor)
1
f
3
3
Oil & Gas
1
1
f
2
2
Aggregate e
extraction 1
m
f
3
2
Wind farms
m
f
2
2
seed mussel co
ollectors
1
f
2
2
Oysters
1
1
m
1
1
GillTram
1
m
m
1
1
DRDG.4‐6
m
Pe l a gi c tra wl i ng
Be a m.16‐32 2
<=221kW
Be a m.>= 80 2
<=221kW
Be a m.>= 80 2
>221kW
OTB.>= 80 2
<=221kW
OTB.>=80 2
>221kW
m
1
1
OTB.>= 80 >221kW
1
m
1
1
OTB.>= 8
80 <=221kW
level of space scalle
1
m
1
1
Beam.>= 8
80 >221kW
level of time scale
e
m
activity
m
1
1
Beam.>= 80 <=221kW
mobility
Pelagic
c trawling
mobi l i ty m
l e ve l of ti me s ca l e 1
l e ve l of s pa ce s ca l e 1
Beam.16‐32
2 <=221kW
Pelagic trawling
Beam.16‐32 <=221kW
Beam.>= 80 <=221kW
Beam.>= 80 >221kW
OTB >= 80 <
OTB.>
80 <=221kW
221kW
OTB.>=80 >221kW
DRDG.4‐6
GillT
GillTram
Oysters
permanent mussel beds
seed mussel collectors
Wind farms
Oil & Gas
Oil & Gas
Aggregate extraction Shipping (corridor)
Cl d
Clsd areas: permanent
t
Clsd areas: intermittent
Coastal development
perm. mussel beds
d) Conflict Matrices
Closed areas: perrmanent
activity
Disp
posal site
mobility
2.Conflict analyses
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
1
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Semi-quantitative conflict score
Trait of activities
• level of mobility (fixed/mobile)
• level of time scale (1, 2, 3)
• level of spatial scale (1, 2, 3)
Rule based calculation of score
Level of conflict
0 no conflict
2 low level of conflict
3 medium level of conflict
4 high level of conflict
5 very high level of conflict
6 mutually exclusive
2. Conflict analyses
e)) Scenario modelling
g
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Spatial management scenarios to
o
assess potential environmentall
and economic consequences
e.g. Bayesian-Belief-Network-GIS-framework
• Climate
Cli FishingEffort
t change
h
scenario
i
• Wind farm scenario
FEBeam
FEOtter
FEShrimp
Ave
erage bottom temperature
Catch
PlaiceT
Total
Euro
Vulnerabiility
Average bottom salinity
Depth
Plaice27cm
Sediment
(Stelzenmüller et al., in prep)
Resolving Conflicts
a)) Marine spatial
p
planning
p
g (MSP)
(
)
I)
robust tools
•
•
•
Rules & Standards
Distinct definitions
Enforcement
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Resolving Conflicts
a) Marine spatial planning (MSP)
II)
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Monitoring and evaluation off Spatially Managed Areas (SMA)
Generic framework to the MESMA
M
case studies
Resolving Conflicts
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
b) Technical development
I))
II)
III)
IV)
Multi use of wind farm areas
Noise reduction during wind farm construction (bubble curtain)
Use of DC instead of AC for power lines
…
pile driving
bubble curtain
www.awi.de
http://rave.iset.uni-kassel.de
Outlook
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
•
Emerging conceptual
concept al and technicall tools can ssupport
pport the resol
resolution
tion of
conflicts
•
The development of future spatial use
u scenarios is crucial for the
evaluation of management options
•
Risk based methods should be use
ed to assess the potential ecological
and economical consequences of management
m
targets
•
Only an ecosystem based approach to spatial management can support
a sustainable development
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Thank Y
You!
www.mesma.org
www.coexisstproject.eu
MASPNOSE
www.surfgroepen.nl/sites/CMP/maspnose
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Plaice Box
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Aims
• Reduce discard of juvenile plaicce
• Enhance the spawning stock bio
omass (SSB)
• Enhance
E h
landings
l di
off plaice
l i ffor ffisheries
fi h i
(B
(Beare
ett al.
l 2010)
a) Scientists (expectancy beforehan
nd):
Outside Plaice Box
Inside Plaice Box
(lower fishing-intensity)
Coast
Higher survival
young plaice
Higher spawning
stock biomass
More plaice >20 cm
b
leave box
Assumed that:
- spatial distribution
- recruitment
- growth rate
remain unchanged
Plaice Box
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
>221kW
Effo
ort 2008
BEA
AM.16-31mm
from
m
VMS
S
Data
a
NLD
GER
DEN
<=221kW
(Beare et al. 2010
Conflict analyses
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
1. Ongoing projects: COEXIST & MESMA
a) Stakeholder involvement & interviews
b) Mapping of activities
c)) Cross boarder analyses
y
d) Conflict matrix
e) Analyses of synergies
f) Defining
D fi i iincompatibility
tibilit and
d
g) Irreversible Activities e.g. pipelines, platforms, wind farms
h) …
Nature 2000 in territorial wa
aters &
National Parks
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
e.g. Activities & Management in national pa
ark “Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer”
a) 3% of park area is “no use” zone fo
or research, south of Hindenburgdamm (Sylt)
b) Fishing for shrimps
I) is allowed in seal and bird prottection areas, also in „Schutzzonen 1“
II) Only vessels <= 221 kW
kW, <=24
4 m vessel length
c) Fishing for Blue Mussels
I) Restricted
R t i t d tto 8 vessels
l
II) Eulitoral zone and Z1 (mostly) protected
III) Only fishing for seed mussels allowed
IV) Fishing of mussels for consum
mption from culture areas only
V) Size of culture area 2000 ha at its maximum
VI)) Areas rented from German fed
deral land ((280.000 € p
p.a.))
VII) Monitoring of mussel stock eac
ch year
VIII) Fisheries surveillance by Black
k-Box (GPS)
d) Aquaculture of Pacific Oyster (30 ha)
h
e) Coastal protection, tourism, etc., ettc.
Resolving Conflicts
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
a) Marine spatial planning (MSP)
I) robust tools
II) scenario modeling
b) Technical development
I) Multi use of wind farm areas
II) Noise
N i reduction
d ti d
during
i wind
i d farm
f
construction
t ti
III) Use of DC instead of AC
Resolving Conflicts
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
a) Marine spatial planning (MSP)
II)
Monitoring and evaluation
Context setting
Feedback
and
integration
of
6. Evaluation of management effectiveness
7. Adaptation to current management
1a. Temporal and spatial boundaries for SMA assessment
1b. Goals and operational objectives for SMA
Governance
research analysis
starting point:
Existing information, collation and mapping
5. Assessment of findings against operational objectives
2a Ecosystem 2a
Ecosystem
components
4. Risk analysis and state assessment
2b Pressures and impacts
3. Indicators 2c Management measures Governance research analysis on differrent perspectives amongst
different stakeholders :
easures and governance
• Effectiveness of existing management me
approaches
• Validity of proposed management measu
ures and governance
approaches
• Equity, knowledges, power, top-down/botttom-up balance
• Key policy and
legal provisions
• Key management
measures
• Key conflicts
• Key stakeholders
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut
MESMA: for susstainable use of
European seas and
a d coastal
t l areas
EU FP7 proje
ect 2009-2013
www.me
esma.org
case studies
Johann Heinrich
von Thünen-Institut