At a glance
advertisement
C2: Conflict & peacebuilding-1 Awarenessraising C2 REVEALING GOOD PRACTICE Children & youth Analysing conflict Conflict & peacebuilding Food & livelihoods Corruption & governance Disaster risk management Our work can either help or cause harm when we work in a conflict setting. This tool helps us to understand the conflict context within which we are working. We can then ensure we don’t contribute to the problem, or we can go further, and try to help build peace. A conflict analysis helps us answer these important questions: ‘How will our work affect the conflict?’ and ‘How will the conflict affect our work?’ Be sensitive and take time to understand the situation properly. Ensure that everyone who wants to can take part. This will help people to trust you and each other. Go at the communities’ own pace. Carry out a problem tree analysis, using the attitudes, behaviours, context triangle. Draw a conflict or relationships map to understand how different people and groups relate to each other. Assess how other groups are likely to perceive you – ensure you are not perceived as partial to one side of the conflict. Consider whether you can build impartial, positive, trusting relationships with people on both sides of the conflict. Discrimination & inclusion Climate & environment At a glance Gender & sexual violence Why use this tool? Influencing decisionmakers Health & HIV Everybody experiences conflict at some level, from a small disagreement within a family through to full-scale war between two or more groups. In order to try to bring about peace where we live, we first need to understand the nature of the conflict that is affecting us. A brief description 1 Water, sanitation & hygiene Find more tools like this at tilz.tearfund.org/Reveal Migration & trafficking Simple processes to help groups and communities analyse the conflict that is around them or affecting them. C2: Conflict & peacebuilding-1 C2 ANALYSING CONFLICT Awarenessraising Explaining the words we use Children & youth Impartial – being unbiased, not favouring any one side or group Perception – the way in which someone or something is regarded or understood. Partial – favouring one side or group. Climate & environment Conflict & peacebuilding Time taken Corruption & governance A very basic conflict analysis can be done in 30 minutes. However, ideally you should aim to understand the views of those involved in the conflict, which will take research and consultation, and so about half a day should be set aside. The more time spent on research, the better the understanding will be. Some people spend years on this kind of research. Disaster risk management You will need Pens and paper, or some other means of writing or drawing. A quiet room or space where you can work without being disturbed. Discrimination & inclusion Food & livelihoods Why carry out a conflict analysis? Gender & sexual violence A conflict analysis helps increase our understanding of a conflict. Whether we want to actively build peace or to work safely in a violent environment without doing harm, we need to start by understanding the conflict. Without a good conflict analysis, we cannot answer the following important questions: ‘How will our work affect the conflict?’ and ‘How will the conflict affect our work?’ If we get the answers to these questions wrong, our projects can easily do harm, increase people’s vulnerability to conflict and put people at risk. Health & HIV Influencing decisionmakers Migration & trafficking Water, sanitation & hygiene Find more tools like this at tilz.tearfund.org/Reveal 2 C2: Conflict & peacebuilding-1 Awarenessraising C2 ANALYSING CONFLICT Keys to success Climate & environment Children & youth Be sensitive and wise Be aware of the impacts that discussing conflict issues may have on people and relationships. Issues relating to conflict can be very sensitive and, unless they are approached with an open and non-judgemental attitude, activities could end up causing more harm than good. If discussing a particular conflict-related issue could put someone or a group of people at risk, then think very carefully about starting any discussions. If this is the case, it might be safer to do this activity on your own, or in a smaller group. Corruption & governance Conflict & peacebuilding Ensure participation and inclusion Ensure that the perspectives of both women and men are included in any analysis. Include as many different people as possible in the discussions, such as people of different ethnicity, religion, age or livelihoods. If the conflict is not too intense, it may even be possible to include representatives from different sides of the conflict in the analysis, but this should only be done if it is not going to make the situation worse. Both of these activities are best carried out as a group activity. Activity 1: the ABC triangle Conflicts are not always about the things we are first told they are about. We can think about this as a triangle, or a tree. The things that we can see (the branches) are the behaviour of the different groups involved, but these behaviours are often based on the wider context that the group finds itself in and the attitudes that the group holds (the roots). Health & HIV The ABC triangle is a simple framework for exploring the impact and causes of conflict. You should complete one triangle for each of the major groups involved in the conflict. Gender & sexual violence What to do Food & livelihoods Discrimination & inclusion Disaster risk management Let the community decide the pace The process needs to be carried out at the pace of the people involved, or they are unlikely to see the benefit. Therefore, as a facilitator, you should not be the one driving the agenda, but should let those involved decide how much time to spend on each stage of analysis. Find more tools like this at tilz.tearfund.org/Reveal 3 Water, sanitation & hygiene Migration & trafficking Influencing decisionmakers One simple way to do this is to put yourself in the position of the different groups and think about why they might behave as they do. If we think about the attitude, behaviour and context for each group involved in the conflict, then it might show us that the conflict is more complex than we originally thought, and may even have ‘roots’ that seem unrelated to the behaviours we see. C2: Conflict & peacebuilding-1 C2 ANALYSING CONFLICT Awarenessraising Children & youth Climate & environment Conflict & peacebuilding Corruption & governance Root and branch Disaster risk management Sometimes, violent conflict is shallow or apparent: the roots of the violence are not deep but are perhaps based in a misunderstanding. In other contexts, there may be little violent behaviour, but there are deep-rooted problems in people’s attitudes and the context. This is a latent conflict, where it is essential to address the roots of conflict before they lead to actual violence. The most difficult kind of conflict is persistent conflict, in which violence is both visible and deep-rooted. Discrimination & inclusion Food & livelihoods Activity 2: the conflict map This is also called a relationship map or actor map. It uses circles to show the main groups involved in the conflict, and lines to represent the relationships between them. Gender & sexual violence Understanding each group involved in a conflict is very useful, but all groups and every person has a relationship with other groups and people. Drawing a picture that represents these relationships can help us understand why one particular group or person behaves in a certain way due to their relationship with another person or group within the context. Health & HIV Influencing decisionmakers Migration & trafficking Water, sanitation & hygiene Find more tools like this at tilz.tearfund.org/Reveal 4 C2: Conflict & peacebuilding-1 Climate & environment Children & youth Awarenessraising C2 ANALYSING CONFLICT Key Conflict & peacebuilding Straight lines = good relationship Double lines = close relationship Dotted lines = internal relationship Zig-zag lines = conflict relationship Corruption & governance Large, medium and small circles show how much influence this group has on the conflict. Discrimination & inclusion Disaster risk management If you are working in conflict (in violent areas in a ‘conflict-sensitive’ way, but not trying to address the conflict directly), you can use the map to answer questions such as these: Given our relationships with some groups, how are other groups likely to perceive us? Try to make sure you cannot be perceived as being partial to one side of the conflict. Do we need to form or mend a relationship with anyone on this map? Who on this map benefits from our work? How will that affect the conflict and other groups’ perceptions of us? Find more tools like this at tilz.tearfund.org/Reveal 5 Water, sanitation & hygiene Migration & trafficking Influencing decisionmakers Health & HIV Gender & sexual violence Food & livelihoods If you are working on conflict (working on reconciliation, peace-building and addressing the underlying causes of violence), you can also use the map to answer: Which relationships could we restore, strengthen or build to help reduce conflict? Can we engage with all the groups who have the most influence in the conflict? Does our work address the root causes of broken relationships between any groups on this map? C2: Conflict & peacebuilding-1 C2 ANALYSING CONFLICT Finding out more Awarenessraising Children & youth Tearfund (2013) Footsteps 92 – Conflict and peace http://tilz.tearfund.org/en/resources/publications/footsteps/footsteps_91-100/footsteps_92/ Tearfund (1998) Footsteps 36 – Coping with conflict http://tilz.tearfund.org/~/media/Files/TILZ/Publications/Footsteps/Footsteps%2031-40/36/FS36.pdf Tearfund (2006) Footsteps 68 – Forgiveness and reconciliation http://tilz.tearfund.org/~/media/Files/TILZ/Publications/Footsteps/Footsteps%2061-70/68/FS68.pdf Tearfund (2003) Roots 4 – Peacebuilding within our communities http://tilz.tearfund.org/~/media/Files/TILZ/Publications/ROOTS/English/Peacebuilding/Peace_E.pdf Climate & environment Conflict & peacebuilding Related tools: A1 – Revealing conflict: information for facilitators [A1: Conflict & peacebuilding-1] B – Christ triumphs over conflict [B: Conflict & peacebuilding-1] B – Love your enemies (Bible study) [B: Conflict & peacebuilding-2] B – Unity in Christ (Bible study) [B: Conflict & peacebuilding-3] C1 – Story telling [C1: Awareness-raising-6] C1 – Writing a community drama [C1: Awareness-raising-7] Corruption & governance Notes Disaster risk management These activities were first published in Tearfund’s magazine, Footsteps 92 http://tilz.tearfund.org/en/resources/publications/footsteps/footsteps_91-100/footsteps_92/ Discrimination & inclusion Food & livelihoods Gender & sexual violence Health & HIV Influencing decisionmakers Migration & trafficking Water, sanitation & hygiene Find more tools like this at tilz.tearfund.org/Reveal 6
