CE 326 - INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
Introduction, pages 1-41
Water Supply - Coagulation and Flocculation—
pages 171-178, 199 - 211:
1. Be able to list six areas for which environmental
engineers are responsible.
1. Be able to differentiate between coagulation and
flocculation.
2. Be able to explain what is meant by environmental
ethics.
2. Be able to write the chemical reaction equations for
either alum or ferric chloride in water containing
bicarbonate alkalinity and calculate the amount of
alkalinity needed to neutralize a given dosage of
coagulant.
3. Be able to set up a material balance for an
environmental subsystem.
Water Supply - Water Chemistry—pages 132 -150:
3. Be able to explain “jar test” and how it is used in
water treatment control.
1. Be able to define the terms "potable" and
"palatable" and explain why drinking water must be
both potable and palatable.
4. Be able to explain the significance of the velocity
gradient (G) and the detention time (t) during the
coagulation and flocculation steps in water
treatment.
2. Be able to calculate the gram equivalent weight of
chemical species.
3. Be able to calculate the molarity, normality, and
concentration of chemical species in mg/L and
percent by weight and convert from one unit of
measure to the others.
Water Supply - Sedimentation—pages 211-228:
4. Be able to convert a concentration of chemical
species from mg/L as the species to mg/L as
calcium carbonate and vice versa.
2. Be able to identify the four "zones" in a settling
tank and explain the function of each.
1. Be able to explain the difference between Type I,
Type II, and Type III sedimentation.
3. Be able to explain how a settling tank works (both
horizontal and upflow clarifiers) and estimate the
size of a settling tank
5. Be able to calculate the equilibrium concentration
of a chemical species when it is in equilibrium with
its precipitate—solubility product calculation.
4. Given appropriate data, be able to calculate the
settling velocity in the case of Type I sedimentation
for a given particle size or the particle size for a
given settling velocity.
6. Be able to calculate the pH of a solution containing
a strong or weak acid alone neglecting the
dissociation of water—ionization constant
calculation.
Water Supply - Filtration—pages 211-240:
7. Be able to define the alkalinity for the carbonate
system in terms of the chemical species found in
equilibrium with water.
1. Be able to briefly describe how slow sand and
rapid sand filters differ in terms of their operating
procedures and loading rates.
8. Given appropriate data for a water sample, be able
to calculate: total alkalinity, bicarbonate alkalinity,
carbonate alkalinity, hydroxide alkalinity, total
hardness, carbonate hardness, and non-carbonate
hardness. (pages 178 – 182).
2. Be able to sketch a rapid sand filter - identifying
the following: inlet, outlet, washwater outlet,
underdrains, filter media, washwater troughs.
3. Given appropriate data, be able to estimate the size
of a rapid sand filter needed, calculate the clean
bed head loss and the expanded filter bed depth
during backwash.
Water Supply - Quality Standards and Treatment
Systems—pages 154-170:
1. Be able to list the quality of water under the
following categories: physical, chemical, biological
and radiological.
Water Supply - Disinfection—pages 240-248:
1. Be able to explain the "CT concept" as it relates to
the SWTR criteria for cyst and virus disinfection.
2. Be able to explain the significance of the following
inorganic substances in terms of their effects on
water quality: chloride, copper, fluoride, iron and
manganese, lead, nitrate, sodium, sulfate, and zinc.
2. Be able to explain the difference between free
chlorine and combined residual chlorine.
3. Be able to define the following terms and explain
their significance in terms of water quality and
standards: pathogen, coliform, SDWA, MCL,
VOC, SOC, DBP, THM, and SWTR.
3. Be able to write the equations for the dissolution of
chlorine gas in water and the subsequent
dissociation hypochlorous acid.
4. Be able to list general characteristics of ground and
surface water.
4. Be able to write the equations for the
chlorine/ammonia reactions to form the various
chloramines.
4. Be able to sketch process flow diagram for a water
filtration plant, label and explain their functions.
5. Be able to sketch breakpoint chlorination curve,
label axes, breakpoint, and regions of pre-
Aug. 26, 2002
1
Dr. S.K. Ong
dominantly free chlorine and combined residual
chlorine.
values for a medium strength waste.
6. Be able to explain why a disinfectant that provides
a "residual" might be preferred in water treatment
to one that does not.
Wastewater - Biological processes—pages 361-406:
1. Be able to sketch daily flow fluctuation (diurnal
flow) to a typical domestic wastewater treatment
plant.
7. Be able to list three disinfecting agents that are
viable alternatives to free chlorine and combined
residual chlorine and give advantages and
disadvantages for each.
2. Be able to draw a flow diagram of a typical
wastewater treatment plant giving examples of
preliminary, primary, and secondary treatment.
Wastewater - BOD—pages 283-330:
3. Be able to define SRT, MLSS, MLVSS, SVI, F/M,
and sludge wastage for an activated sludge (AS)
plant.
1. Be able to list the eight types of pollutants from the
four principal sources of wastewater and describe
why each is a concern.
4. Given appropriate data, be able to size primary and
secondary clarifiers.
2. Be able to explain the difference between a point
source and a non-point source.
3. Be able to define the assimilative capacity of a
receiving water.
5. Given appropriate data, be able to size an AS
aeration basin and give the recycle rate required to
maintain a certain MLSS concentration.
4. Be able to define BOD and describe the laboratory
procedure for determining BOD.
6. Be able to list the operational problems that might
be encountered at an AS plant.
5. Given appropriate laboratory data, be able to
calculate BOD5 and BODu.
7. Be able to describe one possible remedial measure
for "bulking" at an AS plant.
6. Be able to explain the effect of nitrification during
the BOD test.
8. Be able to draw a flow diagram for processes used
in removing each of the following nutrients and
describe each process: phosphorus, nitrogen.
(pages 413 – 415)
7. Be able to sketch and label a DO sag curve.
8. Be able to write the mass balance diagram and
equation for wastewater discharge into a receiving
stream.
Wastewater - Sludge treatment and disposal—
pages 418 - 444:
1. Be able to list the basic processes for sludge
treatment.
9. Given appropriate data, be able to calculate the
oxygen deficit (D) in a reach of a stream and the
critical oxygen deficit (Dc), at the minimum DO
sag point.
2. Given appropriate data, be able to develop a solids
mass balance for a given flow scheme.
10. Be able to list three deleterious effects of ammonia
release to a receiving water.
3. Be able to describe the two types of thickeners
(flotation and gravity).
11. Be able to explain the concept of a limiting
nutrient and define eutrophication.
4. Given appropriate data, be able to size a gravity
thickener using a batch flux currve.
Wastewater – Microbial basics—pages 338 -354:
5. Be able to explain why sludge conditioning is
important.
1. Be able to define heterotrophs and autotrophs and
give examples of the type of treatment processes
where they are found.
6. Be able to list three types of sludge dewatering
processes.
2. Be able to give the temperature ranges for
psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic
organisms.
Air Pollution - Fundamentals, standards, effects
and fate of pollutants—pages 459-491:
1. Given appropriate data, be able to convert parts per
million by volume (ppmv) to micrograms per cubic
meter (~g/m3) for an air pollutant and vice versa.
3. Be able to list the terminal electron acceptor, end
products, and applications for each type of
biological treatment: aerobic, anoxic, and
anaerobic.
2. Given appropriate data be able to apply the
material balance approach in estimating the amount
of pollutant that will be released into the
atmosphere from a source material such as sulfur
dioxide from the burning of coal.
4. Be able to list the growth requirements of
microorganisms.
5. Be able to define the parameters in the Monod
equation and plot the µ versus S relationship.
3. Be able to explain the influence of environmental
factors on the severity of air pollution effects on
materials.
6. Be able to give typical suspended solids and BOD
Aug. 26, 2002
2
Dr. S.K. Ong
4. Be able to discuss the natural and anthropogenic
origin of the seven major pollutants for which the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has
designated air quality standards and identify the
likely mechanism for their removal from the
atmosphere.
7. Be able to explain what a transfer station is and
what purpose it serves.
8. Be able to list the site selection criteria for a solid
waste landfill.
9. Be able to describe the trench and the area methods
for landfill construction.
5. Be able to explain what is meant by "acid rain" and
what contributes to its occurrence.
6. Be able to explain what is meant by "the hole in the
ozone layer and what contributes to its occurrence.
10. Be able to define and describe the following terms:
daily cover, leachate, cell, lift, cap, leachate
collection system, gas collection system, and liner.
7. Be able to explain what is meant by "the
greenhouse effect" and what contributes to its
occurrence.
11. Be able to draw a diagram of a typical landfill
construction.
12. Be able to discuss what is involved in landfill
closure.
8. Be able to explain why it is difficult to define a
causal relationship between air pollution and health
related effects.
13. Be able to calculate how long it would take
leachate to migrate through a clay liner.
Air Pollution - Dispersion of pollutants—pages 491509:
Hazardous Waste Management—pages 702-707,
726 - 783:
1. Be able to identify the prevailing conditions
relating to atmospheric stability based on the
smoke trail from a tall stack for the six classical
types of plume behavior.
1. Be able to list the five categories for classifying
hazardous wastes.
2. Be able to list the four specific hazardous waste
characteristics.
2. Be able to explain how terrain influence air
pollution problems in an affected area.
3. Be able to sketch the general structure of dioxin
and explain why dioxins are hazardous.
3. Given appropriate data, be able to apply the
Gaussian dispersion model in estimating the ground
level concentration of air pollutants released from a
station elevated source or the emission rate for a
given ground level concentration.
4. Be able to sketch the general structure of PCB and
explain why PCBs are hazardous.
5. Be able to define the cradle to grave concept.
4. Be able to explain how a health risk assessment can
be used to evaluate a potential air pollution hazard.
6. Be able to define RCRA, HSWA, CERCLA, and
SARA and explain how they differ.
Air Pollution - Control Devices—pages 511 - 535:
7. Be able to define TSD and explain what classifies a
site as a TSD facility.
1. Be able to describe briefly the basis for operation
for each of the following air pollution control
devices:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8. Be able to list six disposal technologies for
hazardous wastes.
absorption tower
baghouse
cyclone separator
adsorption bed
electrostatic precipitator
9. Be able to describe incineration and the applicable
standards, define the terms "four nines" and DRE.
Estimate DRE.
10. Be able to define the phases of a trial burn plan in
the permitting of a hazardous waste incinerator
under RCRA. 11. Be able to explain RCRA Part A
and Part B permit applications for a TSD facility.
Solid Waste Management - pages 630-639, 658-685:
1. Be able to characterize the amount of solid wastes
produced in the U.S. on a mass and volume basis.
2. Be able to define and differentiate the terms
garbage, rubbish, refuse, and trash.
3. Be able to list the major components of solid
wastes and relative percentages.
4. Be able to list and describe the four means of solid
waste management.
5. Given appropriate data, be able to determine the
dry weight of solid waste components.
6. Given appropriate data, be able to determine the
energy content of solid waste components.
Aug. 26, 2002
3
Dr. S.K. Ong