The University of Georgia Center for Agribusiness and Economic Development College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index Prepared by: Sue Boatright, Sharon P. Kane and John McKissick Center Report: CR-09-02 January 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................i Brief Data Description .........................................................................................................................1 Data Calculations Overview.................................................................................................................1 Grading Scale/Benchmark....................................................................................................................2 Data/Methodology Limitations ............................................................................................................2 Interpreting the Index ...........................................................................................................................3 Results ..................................................................................................................................................3 Southeast Comparison Maps ............................................................................................................4 United States Comparison Maps ......................................................................................................6 Appendix I: Data Tables ......................................................................................................................8 1980 SE Comparison........................................................................................................................8 2006 SE Comparison......................................................................................................................10 1980 US Comparison .....................................................................................................................12 2006 US Comparison .....................................................................................................................14 1980 Variables by Georgia County, Southeast & US ....................................................................16 2006 Variables by Georgia County, Southeast & US ....................................................................18 List of Tables and Figures Table 1. Grading Classification Scale ..................................................................................................2 Table 2. 1980 Grading Scale in Comparison to the Southeast.............................................................2 Table 3. 1980 Grading Scale in Comparison to the United States .......................................................2 Table 4. Summary of Economic Vitality “Grades”, 1980 and 2006....................................................3 Figure 1. SE Benchmark 1980 Map .....................................................................................................4 Figure 2. SE Benchmark 2006 Map .....................................................................................................5 Figure 3. US Benchmark 1980 Map.....................................................................................................6 Figure 4. US Comparison 2006 Map ...................................................................................................7 i Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index The Economic Vitality Index was developed by the Rural Development Council in order to evaluate the overall county economic conditions using a number of different indicators and to be able to measure progress over time. In addition, the index was to be an aid in: • • • • Prioritization and allocation of resources Evaluation of relative economic progress Evaluation of policy success Evaluation of policy options In order to rank the index relative to a meaningful benchmark, the data calculations are performed in relation to how Georgia counties compare to the average of the Southeastern States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee) and to the overall average in the United States for an initial year (1980) and then compared to that year in order to view progression over time. Further, this task required the use of consistent data that is readily available for calculations, collected on a regular basis, and the same across all of the counties and states to be analyzed. Brief Data Description The calculations for the Economic Vitality Index as recommended by the Governor’s Rural Development council are based on the following variables. • • • • • • Employment – 3 year moving average of growth rate (employment figures are by place of work). Data source: Bureau of Economic Analysis Population – 3 year moving average of growth rate. Data source: U.S. Census Bureau Poverty Rate – last Census figure as applicable, model-based estimate for yearly following Census. Data source: U.S. Census Bureau Wages – 3 year moving average of growth rate in average weekly wage (average wage and salary disbursements/number of wage and salary jobs). Data source: Bureau of Economic Analysis Unemployment Rate – 3 year moving average of unemployment rate. Data source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, historical Georgia data from Georgia Department of Labor. Per Capita Income – 3 year moving average of per capital income. Data source: Bureau of Economic Analysis. Data Calculations Overview To form the basis for the initial “grade”, the variables described above are calculated for each Georgia County and for the Southeast (SE) and U.S. (US) for 1980. Then, each Georgia county figure is compared to the figure for SE and US in the form of a ratio and ranked from “good” to “bad” in order to make the initial grade assignment per variable. Note that for some variables, “good” would be a high number (i.e. per capita income) and for others “good” would be a low number (i.e. unemployment rate). Then the ratio is assigned an initial grade based on separation by quintiles, resulting in a classification ranging from 0 to 4 for each individual variable. For each Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 1 county, the average of all six quintile classifications is determined and assigned a grade based on this average. Future year’s analysis will be assigned grades based on the individual variable ratio quintile cut points of the 1980 data in order to show progression over time. Table 1. Grading Classification Scale Average Range Grade Classification 0 to .49 F .50 to 1.49 D 1.50 to 2.49 C 2.50 to 3.49 B 3.50 to 4.00 A Grading Scale/Benchmark Table 2. 1980 Grading Scale in Comparison to the Southeast (Percent of SE Average for Grade Point) Employment Population Avg. Weekly Wage % of % of Grade SE Grade SE Avg Avg 4 154.04 4 172.14 4 3 92.64 3 96.50 3 2 57.31 2 56.38 2 1 3.24 1 11.73 1 0 < 3.24 0 <11.73 0 1980 Overall average of counties – 2.00 Grade Per Capita Income Poverty Unemployment % of SE Avg Grade % of SE Avg Grade % of SE Avg Grade % of SE Avg 114.49 104.10 94.38 86.29 <86.29 4 3 2 1 0 92.62 86.37 79.67 73.07 <73.07 4 3 2 1 0 85.76 106.62 126.32 158.77 >158.77 4 3 2 1 0 84.67 95.45 105.70 119.72 >119.72 Table 3. 1980 Grading Scale in Comparison to the United States (Percent of US Average for Grade Point) Employment Population Avg. Weekly Wage % of % of Grade Grade SE SE Avg Avg 4 152.63 4 255.42 4 3 91.79 3 143.19 3 2 56.78 2 83.65 2 1 3.21 1 17.41 1 0 < 3.21 0 <17.41 0 1980 Overall average of counties – 2.00 Grade Per Capita Income Poverty Unemployment % of SE Avg Grade % of SE Avg Grade % of SE Avg Grade % of SE Avg 121.75 110.71 100.36 91.77 <91.77 4 3 2 1 0 75.18 70.11 64.67 59.31 <59.31 4 3 2 1 0 120.16 148.39 175.81 220.97 >220.97 4 3 2 1 0 82.63 93.16 103.16 116.84 >116.84 Data/Methodology Limitations The method of calculating a ratio of Georgia County figures in comparison to a SE or US figures, though valuable in pursuit of stated goals, has some limitations including the following. First, many of the variables compare percentage changes, which can result in apparently inflated numbers depending on the starting point. For example, if looking at the percentage change in employment in a county that went from 50 to 100 employees over a time period would be a 100% Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 2 change, which might be a great deal larger than the percentage change in the SE or US. Therefore, individual variables with very high scores might require further analysis at times. Further, in comparing the county figures with the SE or US figures, an average across the states in the Southeast (or US), not the average of the calculation for the counties in each of these states is used. Another methodology issue would be present if both the county figure and the SE or US average figure were negative in the case of change variables. If this were the case, then the resulting ratio would be positive and would fall into the same grade range as it would if both were positive. In this rare case, these issues can be addressed individually by converting this figure back to a negative, so that it would not rank higher than counties with positive change in that time frame. The data itself might have some limitations, though an in-depth analysis of each of these variables and how and when they are collected are beyond the scope of this research. However, it is important to keep in mind that there are imperfections in any type of data collection process. For example, the poverty figures used in calculating the index utilize a decennial census data point for the 1980, 1990, and 2000 calculations. Since there is no census estimate available for the 2006 analysis, we use the model-based estimates that are available because they represent the most current and valid figure. Further, because the index needs to be calculated on a regular basis and consistent across all geographic regions considered, researchers must use the best available information in the construction of the figures. Interpreting the Index It is critical to remember when viewing the Economic Vitality Indices over time that the figures are relative not only to the base year of 1980, but are also relative to the comparative region of either the SE or the US. For example, if a county receives an “F” ranking in 1980, this means that the county’s average of all six variables in comparison to the SE or US resulted in a figure below .49. If that county then moves up to another rating, it means that the combination of the variables compared to 1980 (and the SE/US) improved over the time period. Table 4. Summary of Economic Vitality “Grades”, 1980 and 2006 1980 Grade (Benchmark)* A B C D F Freq. Percent 10 35 76 34 4 6.29 22.01 47.80 21.38 2.52 2006 SE Grade A B C D F Freq. Percent 9 40 53 45 12 5.66 25.16 33.33 28.30 7.55 2006 US Grade A B C D F Freq. Percent 7 45 52 46 9 4.40 28.30 32.70 28.93 5.66 Total 159 100.00 Total 159 100.00 Total 159 100.00 2006 Overall average of counties compared to SE – 1.86, 2006 Overall average of counties compared to US – 1.92 *Based on the methodology, the initial benchmark is the same for both the SE and US comparisons. Results The following maps present a visual representation of the results for the benchmark year and the most recent year of available data for analysis (2006). The darker blue colors represent the lowest overall grade up to the darkest red color for the highest. Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 3 Southeast Comparison Maps Figure 1. SE Benchmark 1980 Map Scores: A = 10, B = 35, C = 76, D = 34, F = 4 Overall Average = 2.00 Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 4 Figure 2. SE Benchmark 2006 Map Scores: A = 9, B = 40, C = 53, D = 45, F = 12 Overall Average = 1.85 Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 5 United States Comparison Maps Figure 3. US Benchmark 1980 Map Scores: A = 10, B = 35, C = 76, D = 34, F = 4 Overall Average = 2.00 Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 6 Figure 4. US Benchmark 2006 Map Scores: A = 7, B = 45, C = 52, D = 46, F = 9 Overall Average = 1.92 Calculating Georgia’s Economic Vitality Index 7 Appendix I: Data Tables 1980 Southeast Comparison County Appling County Atkinson County Bacon County Baker County Baldwin County Banks County Barrow County Bartow County Ben Hill County Berrien County Bibb County Bleckley County Brantley County Brooks County Bryan County Bulloch County Burke County Butts County Calhoun County Camden County Candler County Carroll County Catoosa County Charlton County Chatham County Chattahoochee County Chattooga County Cherokee County Clarke County Clay County Clayton County Clinch County Cobb County Coffee County Colquitt County Columbia County Cook County Coweta County Crawford County Crisp County Dade County Dawson County Decatur County DeKalb County Dodge County Dooly County Dougherty County Douglas County Early County Echols County Effingham County Elbert County Emanuel County Evans County Fannin County Fayette County Floyd County Forsyth County Franklin County Fulton County Gilmer County Glascock County Glynn County Gordon County Grady County Greene County Gwinnett County Habersham County Hall County Hancock County Haralson County Harris County Hart County Heard County Henry County Houston County Irwin County Employment 1980 Population 1980 Poverty 1979 Avg. Wkly. Wage 1980 Unemployment 1980 Per Capita Income 1980 0 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 3 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 2 0 4 0 2 4 0 1 1 1 4 2 0 4 3 4 3 2 4 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 4 2 0 3 4 2 4 0 2 1 0 0 4 1 4 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 0 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 2 3 1 0 1 4 3 4 3 0 2 0 4 3 1 4 1 1 4 0 4 3 0 3 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 0 2 4 2 0 0 0 2 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 4 0 4 1 2 0 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 3 0 2 3 2 3 4 3 2 0 0 1 1 3 4 3 4 1 2 2 3 2 0 2 2 0 3 0 1 0 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 2 0 4 1 4 1 2 4 2 3 2 0 3 2 1 4 1 0 2 4 0 1 3 2 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 1 1 4 4 4 0 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 4 4 3 3 0 1 4 2 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 4 2 4 3 0 3 3 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 0 2 4 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 1 1 2 3 2 4 0 4 1 4 0 0 1 3 4 1 4 2 2 0 0 4 4 2 3 3 4 0 2 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 1 0 4 3 3 4 0 0 4 0 4 1 4 1 2 0 0 4 0 4 3 4 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 0 1 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 4 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 0 4 0 3 3 2 4 0 2 4 4 0 4 0 4 1 2 4 1 4 3 1 2 3 1 4 1 0 4 4 0 0 3 3 0 2 1 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 1 0 4 2 4 0 4 4 2 2 4 4 0 SE Avg. 1980 SE Grade 1980 0.167 0.833 0.833 1.167 2.5 2.167 2.5 2 2.5 2.333 2 2.333 1.833 1.667 2.833 2.667 1.667 1.667 0.167 2.833 1.167 1.833 3.167 1.5 2.167 1.5 1 3.667 2.833 1 3.5 1.667 3.833 1.333 2 4 1.333 2.833 2.333 0.833 2.5 2.5 1.667 2.833 1.5 0.667 2.5 3.667 1.667 2.333 2.333 1.833 1 1.333 0.833 3.5 1.833 3.667 1.5 2.333 1.167 1.833 3 2.333 2.167 1.833 3.833 2 3.167 0.833 2.167 2.333 1.667 1.667 3.667 2.667 1 F D D D B C B C B C C C C C B B C C F B D C B C C C D A B D A C A D C A D B C D B B C B C D B A C C C C D D D A C A C C D C B C C C A C B D C C C C A B D 8 Appendix I: Data Tables 1980 Southeast Comparison County Jackson County Jasper County Jeff Davis County Jefferson County Jenkins County Johnson County Jones County Lamar County Lanier County Laurens County Lee County Liberty County Lincoln County Long County Lowndes County Lumpkin County McDuffie County McIntosh County Macon County Madison County Marion County Meriwether County Miller County Mitchell County Monroe County Montgomery County Morgan County Murray County Muscogee County Newton County Oconee County Oglethorpe County Paulding County Peach County Pickens County Pierce County Pike County Polk County Pulaski County Putnam County Quitman County Rabun County Randolph County Richmond County Rockdale County Schley County Screven County Seminole County Spalding County Stephens County Stewart County Sumter County Talbot County Taliaferro County Tattnall County Taylor County Telfair County Terrell County Thomas County Tift County Toombs County Towns County Treutlen County Troup County Turner County Twiggs County Union County Upson County Walker County Walton County Ware County Warren County Washington County Wayne County Webster County Wheeler County White County Whitfield County Wilcox County Wilkes County Wilkinson County Worth County Employment 1980 Population 1980 Poverty 1979 Avg. Wkly. Wage 1980 Unemployment 1980 Per Capita Income 1980 3 1 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 3 4 4 2 2 1 3 1 4 4 1 0 0 1 2 4 2 3 4 1 4 3 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 0 4 0 2 1 2 4 3 3 1 2 1 0 4 0 2 1 0 3 0 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 0 4 2 0 3 1 0 3 3 1 0 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 0 0 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 4 4 0 4 1 3 3 0 4 4 0 1 3 3 4 0 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 3 2 1 3 0 2 4 2 4 1 3 4 3 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 4 0 3 2 3 4 2 1 1 0 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 3 0 0 1 4 3 0 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 3 1 2 4 3 4 4 2 4 1 3 1 4 3 1 2 0 3 0 3 4 1 0 1 3 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 3 0 2 1 4 4 3 2 0 1 2 0 0 3 4 0 2 3 1 2 1 4 3 4 4 4 0 1 4 0 0 3 3 3 1 3 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 1 1 0 2 3 4 3 4 0 0 4 1 3 3 1 0 3 4 4 0 2 4 4 0 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 3 0 0 2 2 3 0 3 4 4 3 1 0 2 3 4 3 3 3 2 0 1 3 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 2 3 3 0 1 0 3 1 1 4 0 2 3 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 0 2 2 2 4 0 2 4 3 0 0 1 3 0 4 0 0 0 3 2 2 4 1 2 0 1 3 3 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 4 1 2 3 3 1 0 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 0 3 2 3 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 4 3 4 1 3 4 3 1 3 3 2 3 0 1 0 4 4 2 1 1 4 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 0 2 3 1 SE Avg. 1980 SE Grade 1980 2.667 1.667 2.333 1.333 1.333 1.667 3 2 1.667 2.5 2.833 2 1.667 2 2.167 2.5 2 1 2 2.833 0.333 1.5 1.833 1.167 3.333 1.333 2.667 2.667 2 2.833 3.333 1.833 3.333 2.5 1.833 1 2.5 1.5 1.833 3.333 0.833 2.667 0.667 2.333 4 1.667 1.833 2 2.5 1.167 0.5 2.333 1.5 0.667 1.167 1 1.5 0 2.167 1.833 1.333 2.333 0.833 2.333 1.5 1.5 2 2.333 1.667 2.333 1.5 0.667 2.167 2.333 1.333 1.5 2.167 2.333 0.833 2.5 3.167 1.667 B C C D D C B C C B B C C C C B C D C B F C C D B D B B C B B C B B C D B C C B D B D C A C C C B D D C C D D D C F C C D C D C C C C C C C C D C C D C C C D B B C 9 Appendix I: Data Tables 2006 Southeast Comparison County Appling County Atkinson County Bacon County Baker County Baldwin County Banks County Barrow County Bartow County Ben Hill County Berrien County Bibb County Bleckley County Brantley County Brooks County Bryan County Bulloch County Burke County Butts County Calhoun County Camden County Candler County Carroll County Catoosa County Charlton County Chatham County Chattahoochee County Chattooga County Cherokee County Clarke County Clay County Clayton County Clinch County Cobb County Coffee County Colquitt County Columbia County Cook County Coweta County Crawford County Crisp County Dade County Dawson County Decatur County DeKalb County Dodge County Dooly County Dougherty County Douglas County Early County Echols County Effingham County Elbert County Emanuel County Evans County Fannin County Fayette County Floyd County Forsyth County Franklin County Fulton County Gilmer County Glascock County Glynn County Gordon County Grady County Greene County Gwinnett County Habersham County Hall County Hancock County Haralson County Harris County Hart County Heard County Henry County Houston County Irwin County Employment 2006 Population 2006 Poverty 2005 Avg. Wkly. Wage 2006 Unemployment 2006 Per Capita Income 2006 1 0 4 0 2 4 4 4 3 2 0 0 2 2 4 2 0 4 2 3 3 4 3 0 3 3 0 4 3 0 1 2 2 0 4 4 0 4 0 2 2 4 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 2 0 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 0 3 4 3 2 4 1 3 0 4 0 0 4 4 4 1 0 1 1 0 1 3 4 3 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 4 0 3 0 3 2 4 3 1 2 2 0 4 3 0 3 0 3 2 2 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 0 4 0 2 4 0 2 1 3 3 1 4 2 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 4 3 4 0 2 4 3 1 4 3 1 1 0 1 0 2 4 4 4 1 2 1 3 3 1 4 1 0 4 0 4 1 3 4 1 3 2 2 4 0 0 3 0 4 1 1 4 1 4 3 0 4 4 1 3 1 1 1 4 0 0 4 2 0 1 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 4 4 4 0 3 4 3 3 4 4 1 0 4 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 4 4 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 0 2 4 0 0 1 4 3 4 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 0 3 4 4 4 0 2 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 0 2 4 4 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 1 4 4 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 4 4 0 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 3 2 2 4 2 0 1 4 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 2 0 4 2 0 4 1 2 1 0 4 1 0 4 0 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 0 0 2 3 2 0 3 1 0 0 1 4 4 4 2 4 1 0 4 2 0 4 4 2 3 0 2 4 1 0 3 4 0 SE Avg. 2006 SE Grade 2006 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 1.5 3.667 3.167 2.667 1.667 1.833 1.333 2 1.5 1.667 3.667 1.833 0.333 2.333 0.5 2.833 1.667 2.833 2.667 1.333 3.333 2.167 0.667 3.5 1.833 1.5 1.5 0.667 2.833 0.833 1.667 3.333 1.167 3.333 2 0.833 2.167 3.333 0.667 2 1.167 1.167 0.667 3 1.333 1.667 3.5 1.167 1.5 1.5 2.833 3.167 2.333 3.667 2 3 3.167 2 3.333 2.667 2 2.167 3.333 2.333 3.167 0.667 2.833 3.333 1.333 1.667 3 3.5 1.167 D D C D C A B B C C D C C C A C F C D B C B B D B C D A C C C D B D C B D B C D C B D C D D D B D C A D C C B B C A C B B C B B C C B C B D B B D C B A D 10 Appendix I: Data Tables 2006 Southeast Comparison County Jackson County Jasper County Jeff Davis County Jefferson County Jenkins County Johnson County Jones County Lamar County Lanier County Laurens County Lee County Liberty County Lincoln County Long County Lowndes County Lumpkin County McDuffie County McIntosh County Macon County Madison County Marion County Meriwether County Miller County Mitchell County Monroe County Montgomery County Morgan County Murray County Muscogee County Newton County Oconee County Oglethorpe County Paulding County Peach County Pickens County Pierce County Pike County Polk County Pulaski County Putnam County Quitman County Rabun County Randolph County Richmond County Rockdale County Schley County Screven County Seminole County Spalding County Stephens County Stewart County Sumter County Talbot County Taliaferro County Tattnall County Taylor County Telfair County Terrell County Thomas County Tift County Toombs County Towns County Treutlen County Troup County Turner County Twiggs County Union County Upson County Walker County Walton County Ware County Warren County Washington County Wayne County Webster County Wheeler County White County Whitfield County Wilcox County Wilkes County Wilkinson County Worth County Employment 2006 Population 2006 Poverty 2005 Avg. Wkly. Wage 2006 Unemployment 2006 Per Capita Income 2006 4 0 0 1 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 4 3 2 4 4 2 1 4 4 2 4 0 4 1 3 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 4 2 4 4 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 4 4 4 2 0 0 0 1 4 4 2 0 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 0 0 3 3 4 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 1 2 3 2 0 0 3 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 3 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 2 4 1 0 0 2 0 3 4 3 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 0 0 4 3 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 0 3 1 1 1 0 4 1 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 1 4 1 4 3 2 3 1 4 0 1 4 2 1 1 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 4 0 3 0 1 3 2 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 0 4 4 0 2 1 2 3 0 1 3 1 4 0 1 0 0 3 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 4 3 0 0 1 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 0 4 4 4 1 3 0 4 3 0 4 2 4 2 4 4 1 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 0 1 2 1 2 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 4 3 1 4 0 1 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 0 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 0 2 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 2 2 3 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 4 0 4 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 2 0 3 4 0 3 0 3 4 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 1 3 0 3 0 0 2 0 1 3 1 0 2 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 0 2 SE Avg. 2006 SE Grade 2006 3.667 1.833 0.833 0.667 1 1.5 2.5 1.833 2.167 1.667 3.167 2 1.5 2.667 2.333 2.833 1.333 1.833 0 2.667 1.167 0.333 1.833 0.833 2.833 1.5 3.167 2.167 2 2.833 4 2.167 3 1 3.333 2.333 3 1.833 2 3 0.833 2.333 0 1.333 2.333 2.5 0.667 0.833 1.333 1.333 0.333 0.5 0.333 0.333 1 0 1 0.5 2.667 1.833 2 3.5 0 1.667 0.667 0.333 3.333 0.5 1.667 3 1 0.167 0.667 1.333 2 1.333 2.833 2.833 0.167 0.667 0.5 1.667 A C D D D C B C C C B C C B C B D C F B D F C D B C B C C B A C B D B C B C C B D C F D C B D D D D F D F F D F D D B C C A F C D F B D C B D F D D C D B B F D D C 11 Appendix I: Data Tables 1980 United States Comparison County Appling County Atkinson County Bacon County Baker County Baldwin County Banks County Barrow County Bartow County Ben Hill County Berrien County Bibb County Bleckley County Brantley County Brooks County Bryan County Bulloch County Burke County Butts County Calhoun County Camden County Candler County Carroll County Catoosa County Charlton County Chatham County Chattahoochee County Chattooga County Cherokee County Clarke County Clay County Clayton County Clinch County Cobb County Coffee County Colquitt County Columbia County Cook County Coweta County Crawford County Crisp County Dade County Dawson County Decatur County DeKalb County Dodge County Dooly County Dougherty County Douglas County Early County Echols County Effingham County Elbert County Emanuel County Evans County Fannin County Fayette County Floyd County Forsyth County Franklin County Fulton County Gilmer County Glascock County Glynn County Gordon County Grady County Greene County Gwinnett County Habersham County Hall County Hancock County Haralson County Harris County Hart County Heard County Henry County Houston County Irwin County Employment 1980 Population 1980 Poverty 1979 Avg. Wkly. Wage 1980 Unemployment 1980 Per Capita Income 1980 0 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 3 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 2 0 4 0 2 4 0 1 1 1 4 2 0 4 3 4 3 2 4 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 4 2 0 3 4 2 4 0 2 1 0 0 4 1 4 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 0 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 2 3 1 0 1 4 3 4 3 0 2 0 4 3 1 4 1 1 4 0 4 3 0 3 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 0 2 4 2 0 0 0 2 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 4 0 4 1 2 0 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 3 0 2 3 2 3 4 3 2 0 0 1 1 3 4 3 4 1 2 2 3 2 0 2 2 0 3 0 1 0 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 2 0 4 1 4 1 2 4 2 3 2 0 3 2 1 4 1 0 2 4 0 1 3 2 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 1 1 4 4 4 0 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 4 4 3 3 0 1 4 2 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 4 2 4 3 0 3 3 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 0 2 4 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 1 1 2 3 2 4 0 4 1 4 0 0 1 3 4 1 4 2 2 0 0 4 4 2 3 3 4 0 2 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 1 0 4 3 3 4 0 0 4 0 4 1 4 1 2 0 0 4 0 4 3 4 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 0 1 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 4 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 0 4 0 3 3 2 4 0 2 4 4 0 4 0 4 1 2 4 1 4 3 1 2 3 1 4 1 0 4 4 0 0 3 3 0 2 1 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 1 0 4 2 4 0 4 4 2 2 4 4 0 US Avg. 1980 US Grade 1980 0.167 0.833 0.833 1.167 2.5 2.167 2.5 2 2.5 2.333 2 2.333 1.833 1.667 2.833 2.667 1.667 1.667 0.167 2.833 1.167 1.833 3.167 1.5 2.167 1.5 1 3.667 2.833 1 3.5 1.667 3.833 1.333 2 4 1.333 2.833 2.333 0.833 2.5 2.5 1.667 2.833 1.5 0.667 2.5 3.667 1.667 2.333 2.333 1.833 1 1.333 0.833 3.5 1.833 3.667 1.5 2.333 1.167 1.833 3 2.333 2.167 1.833 3.833 2 3.167 0.833 2.167 2.333 1.667 1.667 3.667 2.667 1 F D D D B C B C B C C C C C B B C C F B D C B C C C D A B D A C A D C A D B C D B B C B C D B A C C C C D D D A C A C C D C B C C C A C B D C C C C A B D 12 Appendix I: Data Tables 1980 United States Comparison County Jackson County Jasper County Jeff Davis County Jefferson County Jenkins County Johnson County Jones County Lamar County Lanier County Laurens County Lee County Liberty County Lincoln County Long County Lowndes County Lumpkin County McDuffie County McIntosh County Macon County Madison County Marion County Meriwether County Miller County Mitchell County Monroe County Montgomery County Morgan County Murray County Muscogee County Newton County Oconee County Oglethorpe County Paulding County Peach County Pickens County Pierce County Pike County Polk County Pulaski County Putnam County Quitman County Rabun County Randolph County Richmond County Rockdale County Schley County Screven County Seminole County Spalding County Stephens County Stewart County Sumter County Talbot County Taliaferro County Tattnall County Taylor County Telfair County Terrell County Thomas County Tift County Toombs County Towns County Treutlen County Troup County Turner County Twiggs County Union County Upson County Walker County Walton County Ware County Warren County Washington County Wayne County Webster County Wheeler County White County Whitfield County Wilcox County Wilkes County Wilkinson County Worth County Employment 1980 Population 1980 Poverty 1979 Avg. Wkly. Wage 1980 Unemployment 1980 Per Capita Income 1980 3 1 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 3 4 4 2 2 1 3 1 4 4 1 0 0 1 2 4 2 3 4 1 4 3 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 0 4 0 2 1 2 4 3 3 1 2 1 0 4 0 2 1 0 3 0 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 0 4 2 0 3 1 0 3 3 1 0 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 0 0 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 4 4 0 4 1 3 3 0 4 4 0 1 3 3 4 0 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 3 2 1 3 0 2 4 2 4 1 3 4 3 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 4 0 3 2 3 4 2 1 1 0 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 3 0 0 1 4 3 0 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 3 1 2 4 3 4 4 2 4 1 3 1 4 3 1 2 0 3 0 3 4 1 0 1 3 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 3 0 2 1 4 4 3 2 0 1 2 0 0 3 4 0 2 3 1 2 1 4 3 4 4 4 0 1 4 0 0 3 3 3 1 3 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 1 1 0 2 3 4 3 4 0 0 4 1 3 3 1 0 3 4 4 0 2 4 4 0 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 3 0 0 2 2 3 0 3 4 4 3 1 0 2 3 4 3 3 3 2 0 1 3 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 2 3 3 0 1 0 3 1 1 4 0 2 3 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 0 2 2 2 4 0 2 4 3 0 0 1 3 0 4 0 0 0 3 2 2 4 1 2 0 1 3 3 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 4 1 2 3 3 1 0 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 0 3 2 3 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 4 3 4 1 3 4 3 1 3 3 2 3 0 1 0 4 4 2 1 1 4 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 0 2 3 1 US Avg. 1980 US Grade 1980 2.667 1.667 2.333 1.333 1.333 1.667 3 2 1.667 2.5 2.833 2 1.667 2 2.167 2.5 2 1 2 2.833 0.333 1.5 1.833 1.167 3.333 1.333 2.667 2.667 2 2.833 3.333 1.833 3.333 2.5 1.833 1 2.5 1.5 1.833 3.333 0.833 2.667 0.667 2.333 4 1.667 1.833 2 2.5 1.167 0.5 2.333 1.5 0.667 1.167 1 1.5 0 2.167 1.833 1.333 2.333 0.833 2.333 1.5 1.5 2 2.333 1.667 2.333 1.5 0.667 2.167 2.333 1.333 1.5 2.167 2.333 0.833 2.5 3.167 1.667 B C C D D C B C C B B C C C C B C D C B F C C D B D B B C B B C B B C D B C C B D B D C A C C C B D D C C D D D C F C C D C D C C C C C C C C D C C D C C C D B B C 13 Appendix I: Data Tables 2006 United States Comparison County Appling County Atkinson County Bacon County Baker County Baldwin County Banks County Barrow County Bartow County Ben Hill County Berrien County Bibb County Bleckley County Brantley County Brooks County Bryan County Bulloch County Burke County Butts County Calhoun County Camden County Candler County Carroll County Catoosa County Charlton County Chatham County Chattahoochee County Chattooga County Cherokee County Clarke County Clay County Clayton County Clinch County Cobb County Coffee County Colquitt County Columbia County Cook County Coweta County Crawford County Crisp County Dade County Dawson County Decatur County DeKalb County Dodge County Dooly County Dougherty County Douglas County Early County Echols County Effingham County Elbert County Emanuel County Evans County Fannin County Fayette County Floyd County Forsyth County Franklin County Fulton County Gilmer County Glascock County Glynn County Gordon County Grady County Greene County Gwinnett County Habersham County Hall County Hancock County Haralson County Harris County Hart County Heard County Henry County Houston County Irwin County Employment 2006 Population 2006 Poverty 2005 Avg. Wkly. Wage 2006 Unemployment 2006 Per Capita Income 2006 2 0 4 0 3 4 4 4 4 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 0 4 3 3 4 4 4 0 4 3 0 4 4 0 1 2 3 0 4 4 0 4 0 3 3 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 2 0 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 0 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 0 4 0 0 4 4 4 2 0 1 1 0 1 3 4 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 4 0 3 0 3 2 4 3 1 2 2 0 4 3 0 2 0 3 2 2 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 0 4 0 2 4 0 2 1 3 3 1 4 2 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 4 3 4 0 2 4 3 1 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 1 3 1 3 4 2 4 1 1 4 0 4 2 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 1 0 4 1 4 2 1 4 2 4 3 0 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 4 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 4 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 4 3 1 1 4 1 0 2 4 4 3 0 1 0 3 3 2 4 2 3 0 2 4 4 2 0 1 3 1 3 4 1 3 2 1 3 4 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 0 2 3 3 4 2 4 1 2 4 1 4 3 3 0 3 4 4 0 2 4 0 1 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 3 1 2 4 0 0 2 0 3 1 3 3 0 4 3 0 4 2 3 1 0 4 1 1 4 0 4 3 2 2 4 1 4 0 0 3 4 3 0 4 2 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 1 4 4 3 4 0 2 4 1 1 4 4 0 US Avg. 2006 US Grade 2006 1 0.833 1.5 0.5 1.833 3.833 3 2.667 1.5 2 1.167 2.167 1.667 1.833 3.5 1.833 0.333 2.333 0.5 2.667 2 2.833 3 1 3.333 2.5 0.833 3.333 2.333 1.5 1.333 0.667 2.833 1 1.833 3.333 1 3.167 2.167 1.167 2.167 3.333 0.667 2 1.5 1.167 0.833 3 1.5 1.833 3.5 1 1.667 1.333 3 3.167 2.167 3.5 2.167 3.167 3.333 2.167 3.333 2.833 2.167 2 3.167 2.5 3.333 0.833 2.333 3 1.167 1.833 3.167 3.167 1.333 D D C D C A B B C C D C C C A C F C D B C B B D B B D B C C D D B D C B D B C D C B D C C D D B C C A D C D B B C A C B B C B B C C B B B D C B D C B B D 14 Appendix I: Data Tables 2006 United States Comparison County Jackson County Jasper County Jeff Davis County Jefferson County Jenkins County Johnson County Jones County Lamar County Lanier County Laurens County Lee County Liberty County Lincoln County Long County Lowndes County Lumpkin County McDuffie County McIntosh County Macon County Madison County Marion County Meriwether County Miller County Mitchell County Monroe County Montgomery County Morgan County Murray County Muscogee County Newton County Oconee County Oglethorpe County Paulding County Peach County Pickens County Pierce County Pike County Polk County Pulaski County Putnam County Quitman County Rabun County Randolph County Richmond County Rockdale County Schley County Screven County Seminole County Spalding County Stephens County Stewart County Sumter County Talbot County Taliaferro County Tattnall County Taylor County Telfair County Terrell County Thomas County Tift County Toombs County Towns County Treutlen County Troup County Turner County Twiggs County Union County Upson County Walker County Walton County Ware County Warren County Washington County Wayne County Webster County Wheeler County White County Whitfield County Wilcox County Wilkes County Wilkinson County Worth County Employment 2006 Population 2006 Poverty 2005 Avg. Wkly. Wage 2006 Unemployment 2006 Per Capita Income 2006 4 0 0 1 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 1 0 2 0 0 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 0 4 1 4 4 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 1 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 4 2 4 4 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 4 1 0 1 1 4 4 4 2 0 0 0 1 4 4 2 0 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 0 0 3 3 4 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 1 2 3 2 0 0 3 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 2 3 0 2 0 0 3 0 2 4 1 0 0 2 0 3 4 3 0 0 0 0 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 0 4 1 2 2 1 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 3 1 4 0 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 4 1 3 1 2 4 3 4 4 2 1 2 3 2 0 4 4 1 3 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 4 2 4 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 0 0 1 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 0 4 4 3 0 3 0 4 2 0 4 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 4 4 3 0 4 3 2 3 2 3 1 3 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 2 1 4 0 0 1 0 4 0 3 3 2 0 1 1 1 0 4 3 0 0 1 2 4 2 1 1 0 0 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 0 3 3 4 1 0 3 3 1 3 0 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 3 2 4 1 3 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 1 0 2 3 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 2 2 4 0 4 1 1 3 1 2 4 2 1 3 2 3 0 2 4 1 2 1 2 US Avg. 2006 US Grade 2006 3.333 2 0.833 0.667 1 1.333 2.833 1.833 2.167 1.833 3.167 2 1.667 2.833 2.833 3 1.5 1.833 0 2.833 1 0.667 2.167 0.833 2.833 1.5 3 2.167 2.167 2.667 3.833 2.667 3 1 3.333 2.333 3 2.167 2 2.833 1 2.333 0.167 1.167 2.333 2.5 1 1 1.833 1.333 0.833 0.5 0.667 0.333 1 0.167 1.167 0.333 2.667 1.833 2 3.5 0.167 1.5 0.833 0.5 3.5 0.667 1.833 3.167 1.333 0.333 1.167 1.5 2.333 1.167 3 2.667 0.333 0.833 0.667 1.667 B C D D D D B C C C B C C B B B C C F B D D C D B C B C C B A B B D B C B C C B D C F D C B D D C D D D D F D F D F B C C A F C D D A D C B D F D C C D B B F D D C 15 Appendix I: Data Tables 1980 Variables County Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Unempl. Avg.1980 7.73 7.57 6.43 5.60 5.03 5.43 7.27 7.30 6.23 5.33 6.30 4.80 7.43 4.40 6.53 4.93 10.70 7.57 6.70 5.47 4.83 6.53 5.13 6.43 6.10 13.47 9.03 5.20 5.20 6.10 5.37 5.70 4.43 7.87 6.10 4.23 6.20 5.67 6.93 7.40 5.83 6.87 5.67 5.07 6.53 6.57 7.67 4.47 5.50 5.87 4.90 7.67 7.57 4.97 8.57 3.27 7.20 4.90 7.20 6.47 7.50 7.77 5.17 7.77 5.10 5.70 4.93 6.27 5.93 7.27 6.73 5.00 6.70 6.20 4.97 5.07 5.37 5.50 5.60 PCI Avg. 1980 5,735 5,003 5,493 5,445 6,537 5,775 6,784 6,843 5,946 5,674 7,581 6,173 5,822 4,684 6,322 5,713 6,043 6,382 5,031 7,440 5,393 6,829 6,747 6,202 8,266 5,102 6,106 7,535 7,105 3,717 8,277 5,415 9,926 5,562 6,340 7,649 5,490 7,615 6,631 5,780 6,005 6,581 5,871 9,715 5,815 5,137 6,893 7,440 5,381 4,975 6,783 6,595 5,277 5,969 5,481 10,368 7,384 8,009 6,015 10,160 6,126 7,580 7,955 6,189 5,438 5,277 9,506 6,069 7,478 4,814 6,950 7,113 6,241 6,229 8,247 7,304 5,257 6,163 6,702 Employ. Growth Rate Avg. 1980 -0.60 2.97 0.38 2.05 3.70 1.07 4.25 2.46 3.13 2.64 0.86 0.16 5.18 1.87 8.71 5.02 6.31 1.70 -0.50 21.43 -1.64 2.24 4.94 -0.82 1.52 0.53 0.21 4.78 1.65 -1.66 7.67 3.21 8.40 2.64 2.32 10.86 -0.59 2.06 1.66 -0.70 2.11 10.16 0.00 7.05 1.63 -0.33 3.39 6.33 2.62 6.80 -1.55 2.63 1.16 -1.42 -0.37 10.61 0.48 4.55 1.60 3.01 3.15 0.10 3.29 3.22 2.68 3.06 13.79 3.27 4.38 -1.62 2.11 -2.16 -0.28 -16.63 4.71 0.88 -0.49 3.14 0.67 Avg. Wkly Wage 1980 6.92 8.41 5.91 6.55 9.14 8.02 9.20 7.01 12.70 10.41 9.77 9.30 7.07 8.29 14.85 8.59 16.68 8.02 7.17 8.33 7.55 7.70 6.76 8.44 9.16 5.88 6.99 8.45 8.90 10.26 9.53 8.89 10.20 7.99 9.23 12.41 7.97 9.16 8.82 9.49 9.72 8.18 9.34 8.10 9.79 9.37 10.57 8.44 10.27 9.49 7.24 10.11 9.43 6.19 8.61 8.31 8.31 8.90 8.77 7.81 7.28 1.26 8.04 8.56 9.50 9.54 9.46 7.63 9.27 10.58 8.14 6.79 8.51 -1.54 8.98 4.10 6.55 8.82 8.00 Pop. Growth Avg. 1980 0.16 0.23 -0.06 0.09 -0.09 2.42 2.21 1.40 2.40 0.57 -0.10 0.21 6.62 1.98 4.97 1.82 0.09 1.43 -2.14 6.26 1.46 0.81 3.26 0.69 0.47 11.20 -0.96 5.29 1.48 -0.44 2.24 0.82 3.85 1.27 1.04 5.50 1.24 2.19 3.16 0.16 1.45 2.76 0.93 -0.32 -0.08 -0.83 1.26 4.09 0.66 1.60 3.57 0.83 0.32 0.55 0.34 11.60 -0.29 4.65 0.41 1.34 0.05 2.76 1.49 1.69 0.24 0.27 7.20 0.30 2.04 -0.12 0.98 2.41 0.89 2.25 6.10 1.64 1.10 1.00 -0.94 Poverty Rate 1979 29.0 31.3 23.1 27.4 16.4 11.6 16.8 12.9 24.6 20.2 19.5 18.3 18.6 32.2 20.0 21.8 28.5 16.5 29.2 21.8 28.9 15.7 11.3 21.3 18.4 11.8 16.4 10.7 20.7 40.7 8.0 26.4 6.3 24.0 19.5 10.9 19.1 16.7 18.5 28.6 17.3 19.1 23.7 9.7 27.4 34.0 20.8 7.9 31.1 25.6 16.9 19.7 26.5 25.4 23.1 5.3 12.4 10.7 19.8 21.2 20.4 20.7 16.1 12.9 25.8 26.6 5.6 14.7 10.9 39.3 15.2 17.2 16.6 16.8 10.5 11.2 24.7 14.1 20.4 16 Appendix I: Data Tables 1980 Variables County Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie McIntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth SE Average US Average Unempl. Avg.1980 6.00 8.20 6.57 5.60 4.77 6.23 5.10 7.00 5.73 6.57 7.30 6.13 5.60 5.57 7.50 6.83 9.17 5.90 6.57 7.20 4.50 7.83 6.07 5.73 7.03 7.37 6.37 6.37 4.27 5.77 5.50 6.03 7.63 7.33 6.07 8.47 5.67 5.30 8.03 6.23 6.30 6.47 4.23 7.47 6.13 4.97 5.70 7.73 8.53 7.20 5.90 7.57 5.23 8.03 8.03 8.30 5.67 6.03 6.20 5.17 6.80 6.40 7.50 7.30 5.80 5.47 7.47 5.97 6.97 11.17 5.90 6.70 6.63 5.30 5.97 6.47 6.87 5.70 4.90 7.00 6.18 6.33 PCI Avg. 1980 6,594 5,541 5,136 5,585 6,662 6,551 5,830 6,603 6,462 5,652 5,702 5,158 6,723 6,220 6,658 5,163 5,249 6,245 4,969 5,739 5,446 5,658 6,834 5,676 6,806 6,166 7,458 6,870 7,393 5,722 6,428 7,099 6,682 5,569 6,740 6,559 6,062 6,552 4,722 5,620 4,721 6,960 8,381 6,023 5,678 5,525 7,068 6,425 5,098 6,140 4,984 6,000 5,077 5,985 5,239 4,666 6,625 6,231 5,968 4,620 5,166 6,826 5,375 5,060 4,673 6,489 6,720 6,447 6,412 5,635 6,473 6,165 5,690 5,457 5,929 7,828 5,104 6,358 6,532 5,476 7,442 9,168 Employ. Growth Rate Avg. 1980 1.67 1.98 -0.19 -0.02 -1.75 2.14 1.10 3.31 5.33 6.57 2.61 2.06 1.00 3.21 0.12 6.75 11.55 0.60 -0.36 -0.04 1.00 2.38 10.55 1.89 4.31 5.95 0.09 4.46 3.49 1.25 5.72 0.10 1.79 0.72 4.35 1.55 -1.64 6.96 -6.69 2.24 0.58 2.35 10.07 3.11 3.69 1.37 2.04 0.87 -1.59 6.47 -0.36 2.55 1.37 -1.58 3.01 -2.24 1.90 2.08 1.40 3.10 2.03 1.03 4.11 -0.12 4.47 1.69 -5.34 2.68 1.58 -6.07 2.89 3.66 1.44 -0.44 2.25 1.66 0.96 4.13 4.33 3.85 2.84 2.87 Avg. Wkly Wage 1980 11.81 9.61 10.47 10.22 10.70 5.88 8.25 10.32 6.08 7.44 9.92 9.29 9.68 8.08 10.12 7.97 23.66 11.02 8.03 10.46 8.35 8.27 18.51 8.25 12.92 8.00 7.96 8.86 8.06 8.84 8.45 11.86 8.06 7.97 7.61 9.13 9.80 11.32 9.39 11.35 7.53 6.88 10.55 8.23 9.75 9.56 8.38 6.57 10.01 10.47 11.28 5.77 8.84 12.07 10.38 7.11 8.51 9.45 7.95 8.64 8.43 9.28 14.67 9.81 7.34 7.09 8.42 8.73 9.83 6.92 9.67 12.41 10.85 9.95 7.97 7.34 8.59 9.83 11.98 9.30 8.93 8.39 Pop. Growth Avg. 1980 -0.36 1.12 2.13 0.24 2.28 1.45 1.56 0.92 3.63 8.37 -0.40 3.34 0.63 1.51 2.15 -1.37 3.05 2.78 -2.96 0.53 2.17 2.00 2.67 -0.41 2.02 3.22 0.26 0.95 4.47 1.27 2.85 1.72 1.33 0.85 2.52 0.09 0.95 3.09 0.85 2.93 0.35 2.23 4.67 2.42 1.08 0.97 1.36 0.09 -0.58 1.23 -1.29 -2.59 -0.29 -0.40 0.18 -0.77 0.27 0.27 0.44 2.74 -0.07 1.51 1.11 1.74 2.60 0.91 0.22 0.77 -0.10 1.49 0.62 1.24 0.59 1.03 2.50 0.97 0.82 1.10 0.88 0.68 1.51 1.02 Poverty Rate 1979 17.1 30.4 33.8 26.1 14.9 16.3 28.4 20.1 16.7 20.9 18.3 24.5 19.2 16.6 20.5 31.4 32.5 16.1 29.8 20.9 27.3 29.5 15.9 23.5 21.7 14.1 18.0 14.2 10.1 18.8 12.4 26.2 17.1 22.8 14.8 16.0 25.1 20.1 40.7 17.1 33.7 18.3 8.2 26.8 34.1 23.4 17.6 14.8 38.8 23.2 20.6 32.4 28.3 28.1 26.5 31.1 21.4 22.6 26.0 22.7 29.3 18.0 32.0 18.5 26.2 13.0 12.3 16.9 21.1 28.3 25.4 20.2 31.0 30.4 16.4 11.9 30.4 20.6 17.6 23.8 17.3 12.4 17 Appendix I: Data Tables 2006 Variables County Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Unempl. Avg. 2006 5.80 6.17 4.97 4.83 5.13 3.53 4.40 5.23 5.37 3.93 5.40 6.53 4.93 3.87 3.57 4.43 6.90 5.57 6.17 4.30 4.47 5.03 3.73 4.80 4.20 9.53 5.07 3.80 4.17 4.90 5.97 5.57 4.37 5.70 4.70 4.10 5.40 4.27 5.17 5.83 4.23 3.90 6.03 5.43 5.13 6.10 6.00 5.00 5.07 3.10 3.60 6.23 5.20 4.43 4.60 4.03 4.73 3.37 5.27 5.17 4.07 5.30 4.03 4.50 4.27 6.23 4.27 4.00 4.00 7.60 5.00 3.90 6.10 5.33 4.60 4.20 5.13 4.27 4.83 PCI Avg. 2006 21,438 19,689 20,576 20,347 24,181 26,819 24,729 27,032 24,070 24,138 31,080 24,666 21,250 22,617 30,209 20,636 20,116 23,192 18,337 25,586 21,749 24,924 25,063 18,283 34,044 25,403 19,960 32,368 23,237 24,911 22,409 19,044 39,807 22,042 21,597 34,777 19,399 28,534 24,905 22,561 23,731 30,048 22,275 34,945 20,248 20,573 25,648 26,804 25,196 18,226 26,564 23,867 21,530 21,542 23,927 39,727 28,512 34,181 24,858 49,677 23,911 21,807 34,931 24,846 21,973 28,164 31,418 24,509 27,134 17,793 24,287 35,592 22,322 21,047 26,586 28,355 20,432 26,602 23,822 Employ. Growth Rate Avg. 2006 0.83 -1.35 3.77 -3.70 1.49 5.42 6.81 3.43 2.33 1.19 -0.06 -4.34 1.20 1.13 8.39 1.61 -1.61 5.11 1.45 2.11 2.24 7.02 2.38 -0.45 2.73 1.66 -1.67 6.74 2.23 -0.38 0.49 1.25 1.46 -0.86 4.14 5.41 -1.47 3.24 -4.62 1.56 1.41 10.37 -0.13 -1.32 2.17 -0.40 -0.01 5.00 -0.61 -4.55 5.16 -1.84 1.08 -0.24 4.99 3.27 1.67 6.56 1.32 2.37 4.67 -0.99 2.70 3.06 2.47 1.19 3.67 0.53 2.61 -6.01 4.47 -5.17 -1.07 3.36 5.39 3.15 0.93 8.49 -0.98 Avg. Wkly Wage 2006 2.29 4.70 1.51 1.33 1.14 6.03 3.71 3.14 2.78 3.16 3.36 7.25 2.96 3.70 4.08 2.61 4.09 3.29 0.07 3.56 3.05 3.54 2.98 4.41 4.76 10.92 3.32 3.47 2.14 5.97 -1.21 2.99 3.16 2.83 2.46 2.85 4.19 3.14 5.97 3.13 3.62 3.19 2.57 3.17 2.18 5.55 2.84 2.74 4.98 5.37 3.99 4.21 4.17 4.20 4.31 3.16 3.67 4.08 3.45 4.07 4.28 5.59 4.32 2.63 3.89 4.97 3.36 2.68 3.48 5.39 4.14 4.55 2.52 -3.43 2.65 4.04 4.02 4.15 3.07 Pop. Growth Avg. 2006 -0.02 0.61 0.71 -1.82 0.37 1.74 5.97 2.27 0.81 0.60 0.19 1.48 0.51 0.43 3.64 2.75 -0.06 1.92 -0.10 1.81 1.27 3.18 1.85 0.36 1.05 1.25 -0.18 5.33 1.77 -0.93 1.39 -0.40 1.80 0.88 1.04 3.09 0.76 4.27 0.34 0.25 0.58 3.78 0.35 1.48 0.57 0.50 -0.15 5.40 -0.50 0.89 4.53 0.01 0.84 0.31 1.68 2.25 0.59 6.35 0.91 3.02 2.71 1.99 1.66 2.27 1.15 0.62 3.88 2.27 3.35 -0.69 1.15 3.21 1.47 0.70 5.87 2.18 0.78 5.78 2.56 Poverty Rate 2005 20.6 25.4 21.8 25.8 19.7 13.3 10.7 13.3 24.6 17.7 23.5 16.8 15.0 23.0 10.5 24.5 28.8 12.7 31.4 10.8 23.3 14.6 11.4 24.4 15.8 19.5 18.5 6.0 29.0 33.0 14.0 26.7 8.7 23.2 23.4 6.9 20.1 8.7 16.4 29.4 12.6 9.6 22.6 15.9 23.2 22.5 22.9 9.7 28.1 25.7 9.6 19.8 28.3 24.4 13.7 4.3 19.3 5.2 14.8 15.9 13.8 15.5 16.0 13.0 21.2 20.9 7.5 11.5 10.8 27.9 16.3 9.5 16.3 15.9 6.3 12.4 20.1 12.7 15.1 18 Appendix I: Data Tables 2006 Variables County Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie McIntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth SE Average US Average Unempl. Avg. 2006 7.07 7.40 5.77 5.57 4.63 5.77 3.73 5.33 3.63 5.60 6.37 3.87 3.73 4.27 6.17 4.60 7.80 4.07 4.97 6.80 3.80 5.37 4.47 5.40 4.30 4.20 5.63 5.37 3.17 4.07 4.27 6.20 3.90 4.33 4.93 4.70 4.83 4.70 5.73 4.67 6.87 6.17 5.17 5.93 5.10 5.33 6.47 5.60 8.63 6.20 6.43 6.90 5.57 6.77 7.53 5.97 4.27 4.83 5.67 3.60 6.43 6.10 5.77 5.93 3.97 6.20 4.43 4.50 5.20 8.33 5.87 5.70 5.90 5.93 4.03 4.43 5.93 6.67 5.47 5.13 5.3 5.07 PCI Avg. 2006 21,667 21,164 19,746 20,026 26,705 24,268 22,374 24,685 23,757 22,508 23,710 18,870 25,181 24,776 26,719 22,071 20,356 25,849 25,376 21,503 24,707 19,785 29,042 20,488 30,207 22,276 31,757 22,736 36,676 24,843 25,612 24,038 31,004 22,074 25,493 21,742 26,250 28,141 21,772 26,396 20,818 26,174 29,541 22,452 20,561 23,259 25,705 24,939 23,047 24,234 21,155 20,088 21,321 20,601 17,929 21,411 28,413 24,175 23,476 27,311 17,961 26,870 21,123 21,354 25,809 21,553 23,918 26,534 22,722 21,358 25,594 23,114 25,405 17,425 23,875 29,253 21,172 22,971 21,949 24,176 30,102 34,865 Employ. Growth Rate Avg. 2006 -1.59 0.50 1.65 1.07 1.48 1.76 4.83 1.68 2.09 1.70 1.57 3.16 2.19 3.16 1.27 0.56 -0.30 0.94 -3.85 -4.30 3.09 1.91 1.39 3.05 3.22 1.31 0.97 5.32 5.06 1.62 8.48 -1.10 5.27 0.69 2.40 2.51 1.98 5.48 -0.60 -0.48 -2.68 -0.19 0.47 5.85 0.84 0.50 1.64 0.53 0.86 -0.59 -3.00 -0.46 0.10 -1.19 8.33 -1.16 3.00 1.22 3.32 4.46 -0.21 -0.18 1.20 -6.23 3.97 -0.70 -0.70 7.54 0.36 -2.11 0.05 0.21 7.78 12.25 3.29 1.25 -1.53 -0.52 -1.10 0.63 1.77 1.4 Avg. Wkly Wage 2006 3.61 4.14 3.71 4.90 2.81 3.67 2.58 3.31 4.19 8.21 4.57 6.03 2.91 3.41 3.37 4.65 1.30 4.81 3.55 2.59 3.19 3.36 2.30 2.10 2.99 3.47 3.48 3.94 5.05 2.21 2.65 0.20 2.49 5.32 4.09 2.92 1.08 4.05 3.33 4.11 3.28 4.28 2.19 6.93 2.56 0.12 3.00 2.81 3.33 1.75 1.66 4.07 3.46 2.91 1.48 3.78 3.36 2.62 4.52 4.19 2.29 2.47 3.70 -0.06 4.64 2.22 2.77 3.15 3.36 1.96 2.03 3.51 5.16 2.44 3.20 2.67 2.04 3.72 0.74 4.40 3.97 4.15 Pop. Growth Avg. 2006 1.07 -0.59 0.28 0.40 1.97 0.78 1.28 0.62 3.70 -0.08 -0.70 2.17 1.83 3.21 0.57 0.57 -0.77 0.81 0.06 0.35 -0.59 0.11 1.59 1.10 2.24 1.15 1.61 6.19 2.77 1.18 6.50 0.99 3.06 2.36 3.32 1.09 0.39 1.05 1.58 0.99 -0.57 -0.17 2.18 1.71 -0.26 -0.25 0.99 -0.16 -1.92 -0.50 0.48 -0.69 1.23 -0.63 1.26 -1.47 0.98 1.79 1.37 2.23 -0.39 1.39 -0.60 -1.36 2.36 -0.13 0.87 4.54 0.29 -1.40 -0.61 1.07 -0.97 1.70 2.66 1.71 -0.19 -0.83 -0.46 -0.40 1.41 0.98 Poverty Rate 2005 19.9 27.5 27.7 27.0 11.5 15.7 19.8 18.6 8.9 18.5 17.6 21.4 18.0 14.6 20.8 20.2 29.6 14.3 24.4 21.6 22.5 26.6 11.4 22.4 13.0 14.8 19.6 11.4 6.8 14.6 6.5 21.4 10.4 20.4 10.6 16.5 19.9 16.5 24.2 12.6 30.6 22.7 11.4 18.0 20.1 21.4 17.7 16.7 28.3 27.6 22.0 29.0 26.2 28.2 26.3 29.3 18.9 21.5 27.4 12.1 28.9 16.7 28.3 20.1 14.8 18.3 14.9 11.3 21.5 24.4 22.5 19.6 21.1 30.9 13.3 12.9 29.2 18.9 21.1 19.6 15.9 13.3 19 The Center for Agribusiness & Economic Development The Center for Agribusiness and Economic Development is a unit of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the University of Georgia, combining the missions of research and extension. The Center has among its objectives: To provide feasibility and other short term studies for current or potential Georgia agribusiness firms and/or emerging food and fiber industries. To provide agricultural, natural resource, and demographic data for private and public decision makers. To find out more, visit our Web site at: http://www.caed.uga.edu Or contact: John McKissick, Director Center for Agribusiness and Economic Development Lumpkin House The University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-7509 Phone (706)542-0760 caed@agecon.uga.edu The University of Georgia and Fort Valley State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture and counties of the state cooperating. The Cooperative Extension Service offers educational programs, assistance and materials to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, age, sex or disability. An equal opportunity/affirmative action organization committed to a diverse work force. Report Number: CR-09-02 January 2009 Issued in furtherance of Cooperation Extension Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. J. Scott Angle, Dean and Director