Chapter 8.2
Regulation and Scheduling
Sanja Avramovic
and
Maryam Zavareh
Regulation and scheduling?
• Aircraft and Flight Crew
1. General regulatory Requirement
2.Flight Crew Regulation
3. Flight Crew Scheduling
1. General Regulatory Requirements
• Country of registration
– USA
FAA
– Europe
JAA
– International
ICAO
Code of Federal
Regulation in USA
• Commercial Operation
Part 119,121,135
• General Operation and Flight Rules
Part 91
• Air Crew Certification
Part 61,65,67
Utilization of fleet-specific flight operation
2. Flight Crew Regulation
• Flight Crew
– Cabin Crew (passenger safety, providing costumer
service products, assisting with boarding)
– Cockpit Crew (2 people- captain in left seat and FO
in right seat) (flight engineer for older AC)
– Augmented crew or relief pilot
may be required for long-haul flights
Operational Manuals
• What? Very detailed procedures for crew
members
• Why? For safe, smooth and efficient flight
• When? Normal, abnormal and emergency
conditions
• Should be cross-checked between flight crew
members
• Ultimate responsible is captain
Flight Attendants Training
• Initial training: 4-7 weeks including final in
flight experience
• Annual recurrent training
• Post high school education in preferred
FAA Staffing Requirements
AC Seating Capacity
Minimum Flight Attendant
19-50
1
51-100
2
>100
2+(1 for every 50 seats)
Flight Attendants Responsibilities
– Emergency situation
– Evacuation procedures
– Medical issues
– Health hazards
– Flight regulation
– Meal service
Cockpit Crew Training
• In the USA:
– Some level of military flight training
– Typical new hire needs 1500 to 5000 hours,
including 1000 hours of multiengine and/or jet
time (lower for military pilots)
– Educational Institute (airline training
departments)
– Minimum two year college education
Cockpit Crew Training (cont.)
• License by respective •
national authorities
• Initial qualification
training for 4-6 weeks
 ground training
Simulator sessions
(environmental, flight,
and mechanical
conditions)
Recurrent training
cycles: 6,9,12, or 24
months depending on
the carriers
Cockpit Crew Health Standards
• Maintain minimum standard
• Periodic flight physicals on a recurring basis (6
to 12 months in the USA)
• “Fit to fly”
self assessment of physical and mental conditions
Specific guidelines for:
o Alcohol consumption
o Prescription drug use
o Blood donation
o Scuba diving
Crew Resources Management (CRM)
Training
• Who? Flight Crew
• Why? To optimize the human/machine
interface including situation awareness, use of
automation systems, team building task
delegation, information transfer, problem
solving and decision making
• Resources? Flight attendants, dispatchers,
maintenance, ground/gate personnel, ATC,
and other aviation systems
Flight Crew Labor Unions
• Represents Flight Crews
• Negotiates collective bargaining agreements
• Contains more restrictive work rules than
federal regulations
• Drives safety and labor consideration
• Has a potential of disrupting carrier’s
operation
3. Flight Crew Scheduling
• Roster: Crew member Flight Activities
Monthly
Typically :Three days on, two days off
Bidline
Rosters and Bidlines
• Specify Flight “job”
–
–
–
–
Crew base
Equipment type
Seat (captain, FO, etc)
Division (e.g. LaGuardia-B767-captain_International)
• Range: 65 to 85 hours spread over 10 to 18 duty
days
• Typical duty Day : 1-4 flight legs (could be one or
more than 5)
Open Seat?
• Problem
–
–
–
–
–
Sick call
Vacation
Misconnect
Legality Issues
No assigned job
• Solution:
Crew scheduling department
– Other line holders
– Reserve crew
– “Oncall” crew member
Notes
• Images were selected from various internet
sites.
• If you have any questions, please refer to “The
Global Airline Industry” by Peter Belobaba,
chapter 8.2.
• Thanks for listening!