Assessment and
Implementation of IPM in
Schools: Practical
Implementation
Marc L. Lame
Indiana University
School of Public and
Environmental Affairs
Dr. Marc Lame, Indiana University
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CONTENTS:
Questions that MUST be asked
AND answered for successful
implementation
Practical steps for implementation
Sustainable Management for IPM
Transferring the IPM innovation
Dr. Marc Lame, Indiana University
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Questions that MUST be asked AND
answered for successful implementation:
What
action must be taken?
Who will take the necessary
action?
Do they have the necessary
resources to take action???
Dr. Marc Lame, Indiana University
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THE ACTION TO BE
TAKEN: diffuse IPM
THE INNOVATION/DECISION PROCESS
MODEL ADAPTED FROM ROGERS 1983
AWARENESS
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PERSUASION
Management Situation
Audience
Message
Media
Feedback
Ask where political, program and
resource management fits into
each situation and audience
DECISION
IMPLEMENTATION
CONFIRMATION
A Shift to an IPM
Program
SAFE
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
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EDUCATION:
monitoring, prevention, treatment
(identification, biology, technology)
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Who will take the necessary action? –
MISSION ORIENTATION
USEPA
USDA - Extension
USHHS – CDC
Not – for – profit organizations
Industry
School Administrations
Extent of Change Agents’
Promotion Efforts
Implementation process
“up
front” investment
Ability
to compete
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Problems/promise of current change agents
All have little to no expertise of “change”
USEPA - $, travel and “bean counting”
USDA/Extension – 50+50=150?, mission
USHHS/CDC - $, travel, expertise
Not – for – profit organizations –
expertise, $, travel
Industry – motive (branch level),
expertise
School Administrations – expertise
Thus, Partnership = success!!!
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38% of land grant institutions have IPM in
Schools programs …loosing ground?
38% have informational programs (e.g. –
websites, manuals, fact sheets, etc.)
26% have interactive programs (training
sessions, CEUs)
14% have diffusion programs (information,
interaction AND demonstrations with
recognition programs)
(Percentages based on 50 states)
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Do they have the necessary
resources to take action???
Total grant funds for IPM in schools and daycares
by agency from 1995 to 2008.
0%
2%
CDC
USDA
EPA
98%
Do they have the necessary
resources to take action???
Total grant funds for IPM in schools and daycares by EPA, USDA,
and CDC.
Grant Funds (US dollars)
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Do they have the necessary resources to take action???
Total EPA grant funds by year for IPM in schools and daycares.
EPA Grant Funds (US dollars)
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Do they have the necessary resources to take action???
EPA grant funds by region for IPM in schools and daycares from
E P A G ran t F un d s (US d o llars)
1995 to 2008
4000000
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
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7
8
9
10
HQ
EPA Regions
Practical steps for
implementation
Demonstrate IPM to a model
school district
Develop a sustainable model
program
Transferring the IPM innovation
to the state, world and beyond!
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Demonstrate IPM in a model
school district
Pick a real model for transferability – The
best managed schools with the worst
pests
“Paint a picture”
picture” of the current pest
management – or lack of…
of…
Prioritize your recommendations - “IPM is
a process, not a miracle“
miracle“
Train the school community that IPM is
not more on their plate - “Do what you are
doing now, just think pests.”
pests.”
Evaluate and Nurture
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“Paint a picture” of the current pest
management – or lack of…
Assess
the pest problems
and “Conducive Conditions”
Assess the pest
management
Assess the costs of pest
management
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Pest Vulnerable Areas
Kitchen, pantry and cafeteria
Dumpsters
Teachers lounge
Custodial closets
Special Ed/classroom/nursery
Bathrooms
External grounds
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And what can schools do best?
Eliminate
Conducive Conditions:
those things that
attract pests and allow
them to be where you
don’t want them.
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Dr. Marc Lame, Indiana University
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Marc defines the Pest Management
Professional as an:
“Diagnostician/educator”
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PMP - “Diagnostician”
Your “professional” relationship
History
Inspection for conducive conditions
Inspection for pests
ID and biology
monitoring
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Time - By the minute (square ft. bids
are not appropriate in schools)
Elementary School average = 30-45 min/month
Middle School average = 45-60 min/month
High School average = 60-120 min/month
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IPM Training
pest ID
Pest Biology
conducive condition ID using “ecological equivalents” and
remediation
All management alternatives …and their safe use!
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What is IPM?
Don’t attract Pests
Keep them out
Get rid of them, if you are sure you have
them with the safest, most effective
method(s)
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Prove IPM is compatible with the
district’s current operations
Doing what you do now---just think
pests!!!
Security = monitoring
Energy conservation = exclusion
Sanitation = nothing to eat
Clutter control = no place to live
Food Water Shelter
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IPM is the center of all
operations
At least from my
point of view
Education
Security
Communication
Sanitation
IPM
IAQ
Cooperation
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Sanitation
Eliminate food, water and
harborage for pests
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Exclusion
Eliminate pest entry
points
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monitoring
Doing what you do now---just think
pests!!!
Is there a problem?
How big is the problem?
Who needs to know?
COMMUNICATION!!!
Who better to monitor than the
inhabitants of the facility???
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Monitoring
The only way to
justify pesticide
application
Allows for proper
diagnosis
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Justified Applications
Treat
every pesticide like it
might be banned…be
precautious!
Timing and Coverage based on
children and target pest
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Develop a sustainable model
program
Evaluate
Confirm
they make the
right decision to adopt
IPM – plaques, press,
leadership
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Up Front Investment
Critical Mass – ”occurs at the point at
which enough individuals have adopted
an innovation so that the innovation’s
further rate of adoption becomes selfsustaining” (Rogers, 1983) – the
initiation of the exponential growth
phase
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What we measure – “pest
management is people management”
Diffusion
2.
IPM STds – training, Pest Press, pest sighting logs,
monitoring stations, no preventive treatments
Membership in statewide coalitions
Causes of pesticide use – pest
Pesticide use – annual #
applications/pilot school
1.
perception and complaints
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Spanning 10 Years, 7 States
and 5 EPA Regions:
71% Reduction in
Pesticide Applications
78% Reduction in Pest
Complaints to School
Administrations
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ARGUMENT -1997 ESA
Meetings:
Pests are defined by humans--not nature. Pest
management is not confined to industry
(agricultural or urban/structural). “Insects can
be managed, but management is people
oriented...” (Metcalf and Luckmann, 1975).
IF you don’t do it someone else will...
Questions???
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