UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
2217/01
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
May/June 2007
1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials:
*3067786897*
Answer Booklet/Paper
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READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer three questions, each from a different section.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The Insert contains Fig. 3 for Question 2, Photographs A, B and C for Question 3 and Photograph D for
Question 4.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.
SP (NF/CGW) T35747
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Section A
Answer one question from this section.
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, a map which shows birth and death rates in different parts of the world in 2005.
Eastern Europe
10 14 and
Northern Asia
Western
Europe
14
8
North
America
10 11
East Asia
12 7
26 6 Northern
Africa
27 7
South East
Western
23 7
Asia
and South
Central
Asia
Central
Africa
44 16
22
6
Latin America
and Caribbean
17 7
24 17
Oceania
Southern
Africa
Key
Birth Rate
Death Rate
per 1000 33 16 per 1000
people
people
Fig. 1
(i)
What is meant by ‘death rate’?
(ii)
Identify:
(iii)
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[1]
A
the area with the highest rate of natural population increase,
B
an area of natural population decline.
[2]
Suggest reasons why:
A
there are higher death rates in Western Europe and North America than in Latin
America and the Caribbean,
[3]
B
there are higher birth rates in Central and Southern Africa than in East Asia.
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[4]
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4
(b) Study Figs 2A and 2B, population pyramids for Norway in 2000 and 2025 (projected).
NORWAY (2000)
Age
Male
old
dependent
population
young
dependent
population
180 160 140 120 100 80
60
40
20
95+
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
0
0
Female
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180
Population (thousands)
Fig. 2A
NORWAY (2025 PROJECTED)
Age
Male
old
dependent
population
young
dependent
population
180 160 140 120 100 80
60
40
20
95+
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
0
0
Female
20
40
60
Population (thousands)
Fig. 2B
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80 100 120 140 160 180
5
(i)
What evidence in the population pyramids suggests that Norway has an ageing
population? Support your answer with figures.
[3]
(ii)
Describe the likely effects of an ageing population in an MEDC such as Norway.
[5]
(c) Overpopulation occurs when there are too many people living in an area for the resources
which are available.
What problems are caused by overpopulation? You should refer to a country or area which
you have studied.
[7]
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2
(a) Study Fig. 3 (Insert), a map of land use in the city of Kolkata, India.
(i)
What is meant by ‘residential land use’?
[1]
(ii)
Briefly describe the location of the industrial areas in Kolkata.
[2]
(iii)
Suggest reasons for the location of the industrial areas in Kolkata.
[3]
(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows the growth of the population of Kolkata.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Population
(millions)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Fig. 4
(i)
What does Fig. 4 show about changes in the population of Kolkata between 1950 and
2005? Support your answer with dates and figures.
[3]
(ii)
It is estimated that over 25% of the population of Kolkata lives in slums (squatter
settlements). Suggest reasons for this.
[4]
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(iii)
Read the extracts below, which describe two methods by which the authorities of Kolkata
have dealt with slum housing.
Method A
On 15 December 2003, 75 000 people along the canal-side slums at the
Bagbazar and Cossipore areas of Kolkata were forcibly evicted. The West
Bengal Government and the Kolkata Municipal Corporation did not warn the
residents about the eviction, or re-house them. The operations were conducted
while the men were out of the community working and only the women and
children were left to face the heavily armed policemen.
Method B
The Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) carried out
improvements within slum settlements in Kolkata. These included:
•
•
•
•
•
A water tap connection for every 100 persons;
A latrine (toilet) for every 25 persons;
Surface drainage;
Paving of roads and pathways along with security lighting;
Rubbish bins.
Which method, A or B, do you think is more likely to improve the quality of life in Kolkata?
Give reasons for your answer.
[5]
(c) International migration is the movement of people from one country to another.
Choose any example of international migration and name the countries between which people
moved. Explain why many people made the decision to migrate. You should refer both to pull
and to push factors.
[7]
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8
Section B
Answer one question from this section.
3
(a) Study Fig. 5, which shows where major earthquakes have taken place in California, USA.
Key
San Andreas Fault
Other fault
Dates of major earthquakes
Direction of plate movement
Settlements
1892
1906
San Francisco
1838
CIF
PA
SIERRA
NEVADA
NO
RT
1868
H
AM
ER
1989
IC
A
IC
N
PL
PL
1983
AT
E
E
AT
Parkfield
1857
1952
N
Palmdale
1927
1971
1812
Santa Barbara
1812
Ne
va
lifo da
rn
ia
MOJAVE
DESERT
Ca
1992
1994
Los Angeles
1918
1968
1987
0
San Diego
50 100 150
1940
USA
1979
Mexico
km
Fig. 5
(i)
How many earthquakes took place on the San Andreas Fault?
(ii)
San Francisco was affected by an earthquake in 1989.
What was the distance and direction of this earthquake from San Francisco?
(iii)
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[1]
[2]
Explain briefly why earthquakes take place on or close to major faults, such as the San
Andreas Fault.
[3]
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(b) San Francisco is still at risk from earthquakes. Study Photographs A, B and C (Insert), which
were taken in San Francisco.
(i)
Suggest three likely impacts of a major earthquake on the areas shown in the
photographs.
[3]
(ii)
The Transamerica Pyramid is marked by an ‘X’ on Photograph C. In the 1989 earthquake
it shook for more than a minute but the building was undamaged and no one was seriously
injured.
(iii)
What measures can be taken to protect people from earthquakes?
[4]
Explain why many people continue to live in areas at risk from natural hazards.
[5]
(c) In many parts of the world the natural environment presents hazards to people.
Choose an example of one of the following:
• a volcanic eruption
• a tropical storm
• a drought
For a named area, describe the short-term and long-term effects of the example which you
have chosen on people living in the area.
[7]
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4
(a) Study Photograph D (Insert), which is an aerial photograph of the area around the River
Cuckmere in southern England.
(i)
How wide is the flood plain in the area shown?
[1]
(ii)
Which two river features are labelled A and B on Photograph D?
[2]
(iii)
How can you tell that the course of the River Cuckmere has been changed? Suggest
why it has been changed.
[3]
(iv)
Explain how a river like the Cuckmere transports its load.
[4]
(b) Study Fig. 6A, which shows the delta of the River Nile and Fig. 6B, which shows the delta of
the River Mississippi.
Mediterranean Sea
Alexandria
l
Suez Cana
Cairo
ile
Riv
er N
50 Km
Fig. 6A
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ea
0
dS
Re
N
11
N
M
er
Riv
i
iss
iss
ppi
New
Orleans
0
50 Km
Gulf of Mexico
Fig. 6B
(i)
Describe three differences between the deltas of the rivers Nile and Mississippi.
[3]
(ii)
Explain how and why a delta is formed. You may refer to an example which you have
studied and include labelled diagrams.
[5]
(c) Flooding occurs on the flood plains and deltas of some rivers.
For a river which you have studied, explain what has been done to reduce flooding.
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[7]
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12
Section C
Answer one question from this section.
5
(a) Study Fig. 7A, which shows the percentage of the population employed in manufacturing
industry in selected countries and Fig. 7B, which shows some of the impacts of closure of
industries.
50
50
Key
1961
1991
40
2005
20
10
10
0
0
Japan
France
U.S.A
Fig. 7B
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People move for work
se t
s lo
e
lo
s
s
Sho
p
tor
c
Fa
li
pp
u
ys
ke
r
Y
TOR
C
A
F
e
los
c
ers
W
or
ES
S
CLO
th
e
ir
jo
b
s
rad
e
Fig. 7A
Thailand
20
Malaysia
30
India
30
United Kingdom
Percentage of total labour force
employed in manufacturing
40
13
(i)
What percentage of the population of Thailand was employed in manufacturing industry
in 2005?
[1]
(ii)
Identify the country:
A
with the lowest percentage employed in manufacturing in 2005,
B
which had a higher percentage employed in manufacturing industry in 1991 than it
did in either 1961 or 2005.
[2]
(iii)
Suggest reasons for the decrease in employment in manufacturing industry in MEDCs
such as the UK, USA and France.
[3]
(iv)
With the help of Fig. 7B, explain why the closure of an industry may have a serious effect
on the local community.
[4]
(b) Study Fig. 8, which shows an industrial system.
INPUTS
PROCESSES
OUTPUTS
industrial
waste
land,
labour,
capital,
enterprise,
power
transport
networks
manufacturing
industry
(factory)
products
to
markets
al
tri
us te
ind was
raw
materials
or
component
parts
transport
networks
sometimes
recycled
Fig. 8
(i)
(ii)
What is meant by:
A
raw materials,
B
processes,
C
outputs?
[3]
Name one type of manufacturing or processing industry which you have studied. Use the
ideas in Fig. 8 to describe the main features of this industrial system.
[5]
(c) For a named country or area which you have studied, explain why high technology industries
were located there.
[7]
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6
(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows the number of hotel rooms in the main tourist resorts in Cuba, an
LEDC in the Caribbean.
1990
1996
2000
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
N
USA
MEXICO
16
14
12
16
10
hotel
14
8
rooms
12
(thousands) 6
10
4
16
8
2
14
6
0
12
4
16
10
2
14
8
0
12
6
Havana
Varadero
10
4
16
8
2
14
6
0
12
Ciego de Avila 4
C
10
2
8
U
0
Canarreos Keys
6
B
North Camaguey
4
A
16
2
South Shore
14
0
16
12
North Holguin
14
10
12
8
10
6
8
4
Oriente Province South
6
2
4
0
16
2
14
0
Atlantic Ocean
12
10
8
CUBA
6
0
200
4
2
km
VENEZUELA
0
Key
Gulf
of
Mexico
Fig. 9
(i)
How many hotel rooms were there in Havana in 1990?
(ii)
Identify the resort which:
A
had the largest number of hotel rooms in 2000,
B
did not have any hotels in 1990 but by 2000 was an important tourist centre.
[1]
[2]
(iii)
Suggest three problems which tourism could cause to people who live along the northern
coast of Cuba.
[3]
(iv)
How might the growth of tourism be likely to improve the lives of people who live in
LEDCs such as Cuba?
[4]
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(b) Study Fig. 10, which shows newspaper headlines about the effects of tourism on an island in
the Indian Ocean.
CORAL REEFS THREATENED BY TOURISM
PLANS ANNOUNCED TO RECLAIM COASTAL
WETLANDS FOR RUNWAY EXTENSION TO
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
100 ROOM RESORT AND CASINO TO OPEN IN
SANDY BAY
Fig. 10
(i)
Explain three different ways in which the tourist developments described in the headlines
could damage the natural environment.
[3]
(ii)
Explain how tourism on the island could be developed in a sustainable way.
[5]
(c) Human activities often pose a threat to the natural environment.
These include economic activities such as:
•
•
•
•
mining and quarrying
agriculture
transport
providing energy
Choose one of the activities from the list above and name an area where the environment is
at risk from this activity. Explain how it has affected the natural environment of your chosen
area.
[7]
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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1
Question 1
Photograph A
Photograph B
Photograph C
Fig. 1 © UN Population Reference Bureau.
Fig. 2A & Fig. 2B © http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbpyrs.pl?cty=NO&out=s&ymax=250
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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