UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
2217/01
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
October/November 2008
1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
*9184355687*
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Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer three questions, one from each section.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 4 and Fig. 9 and Photographs B, C and D for Question 5.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
SPA (NF/KN) T71148
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2
Section A
Answer one question from this section.
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, population pyramids of Indonesia (an LEDC) and Japan (an MEDC).
Male
Age
75+
70 – 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
0–4
OLD DEPENDENT
ECONOMICALLY
ACTIVE
YOUNG
DEPENDENT
7
6
5
Female
4
3
2
1
0
INDONESIA
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
% of total population
Male
Age
75+
70 – 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
0–4
OLD DEPENDENT
ECONOMICALLY
ACTIVE
YOUNG DEPENDENT
7
6
5
Female
4
3
2
1
0
JAPAN
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
% of total population
Fig. 1
(i)
What is meant by economically active?
(ii)
What evidence in the population pyramids suggests that:
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A
people in Japan have a longer life expectancy than
people in Indonesia;
B
Indonesia has a higher birth rate than Japan?
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[1]
[2]
3
(iii)
How is the young dependent population of Indonesia different from that of Japan?
Support your answer with figures from Fig. 1.
[3]
(iv)
Explain why, in some countries, the young dependents make up a larger percentage of
the population than in other countries.
[4]
percentage of total population over 65 years
(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows changes in the percentage of population over the age of 65 in
Indonesia and Japan.
30
JAPAN
25
20
15
10
INDONESIA
5
0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
projected
Fig. 2
(i)
Compare the percentage of the population over the age of 65 in Indonesia and Japan
between 1970 and 2005.
[3]
(ii)
Suggest reasons for the expected increase in the percentage of the population over the
age of 65 in Indonesia and Japan by 2025.
[5]
(c) For a country which you have studied, explain why the government is concerned by an ageing
population.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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4
2
(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows simplified urban land use models for MEDCs and LEDCs.
Model A
Model B
main
road
link
0
main
road
link
5
km
Key for both models
high quality residential
area X
low quality residential
area Y
medium quality residential
squatter settlements
Fig. 3
(i)
Which model represents land use in an LEDC city?
[1]
(ii)
Identify the land uses in areas X and Y.
[2]
(iii)
Identify the similarities and differences between the two land use models.
[4]
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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows the location of squatter settlements around Lima, the capital city of
Peru (an LEDC in South America).
R.
Ch
illo
n
CONO
NORTE
Am
Pan
N
ig
erican H
hway
CONO
ESTE
San
Juan de
Lurigancho
Comas
Los
Olivos
c
ima
Tahuantinsuyo
R. R
Cuevas
El Ermitano
San
Cristobal
El Agustino
San Martin
de Porres
City
Centre
Carmen de
la Legua
San Cosme
Mendocita
Matute
Callao
LIMA
San
Isidro
Pa c i f i c
Ocean
Miraflores
Villa Maria
del
Triunfo
San Juan
de Miraflores
highland
Chorrillos
Villa
El Salvador
Pa
n
0
Lu
rin
built-up area of Lima
Am
eri
ca
R.
squatter settlements
CONO
SUR
nH
igh
wa
y
10
km
Fig. 4
(i)
Using evidence from Fig. 4 only, describe the distribution of the squatter settlements
around Lima.
[3]
(ii)
Suggest reasons for the distribution of squatter settlements around Lima.
[3]
(iii)
Explain why large cities in LEDCs have many people living in squatter settlements.
[5]
(c) Name an urban area in an LEDC where there are squatter settlements. Describe what has
been done to improve the quality of life for the people who live in these settlements.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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Section B
Answer one question from this section.
(a) Study Figs 5A and 5B. Fig. 5A shows instruments used at a weather station and Fig. 5B
shows the wooden box in which some of these instruments are kept.
BAROMETER
– 10
– 15
– 20
R
STORMY
1040
25
30
30
10
05
5
FA
IR
98
0
96
0
975
970
965
SUNSHINE RECORDER
0
–5
35
40
– 25
ANEMOMETER
WIND VANE
N
003271
kms
m
W
Fig. 5A
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1035
10
10
15
20
25
15
10
pensated
com
10
1010
0
5
– 10
N
AI
5
98
–5
35
30
25
20
– 15
990
40
– 20
CHANGE
RY
RY D
VE
995
°C
1015
10
00
°C
– 25
0
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
THERMOMETER
102
3
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E
S
7
Fig. 5B
(i)
What is the wooden box shown in Fig. 5B called?
[1]
(ii)
Identify the two instruments shown in Fig. 5A which are kept in the wooden box.
[2]
(iii)
Explain why the wooden box:
(iv)
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A
is painted white;
B
has slatted sides;
C
has legs which raise it above the ground.
[3]
Describe where the wooden box should be sited. Give reasons for your answer.
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[4]
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mean wind speed (km/hour)
wind direction (degrees)
(b) Study Fig. 6, which shows the weather recorded at a weather station over a period of
24 hours in October.
360
300
240
180
120
60
0
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER
FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
50
40
30
20
10
rainfall (mm)
0
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER
FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
4
3
2
1
air temperature (°C)
0
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER
FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
20
15
10
5
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER
FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
atmospheric pressure (mb)
990
980
970
960
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200
THURSDAY 15 OCTOBER
FRIDAY 16 OCTOBER
Fig. 6
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(i)
Describe how the atmospheric pressure changed over the 24 hour period.
[3]
(ii)
Compare the weather at 16.00 (15 October) and 02.00 hrs (16 October).
[5]
(c) Name an area which you have studied where drought occurs.
Describe the problems experienced by people living in your chosen area.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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4
(a) Study Figs 7A, 7B and 7C. These are block diagrams of a river in three parts of its valley.
Fig. 7A
alluvium
Fig. 7B
alluvium
Fig. 7C
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(i)
In which figure, 7A, 7B or 7C, is the volume of the river likely to be the largest?
[1]
(ii)
Describe two differences in the shape of the valley cross sections shown in Figs 7A
and 7B.
[2]
(iii)
Give three processes by which the river is likely to carry out erosion in Fig. 7A.
[3]
(iv)
Describe the processes by which a river is likely to transport eroded materials.
[4]
(b) Study Photograph A (Insert) which shows a waterfall, the Montmorency Falls, near Quebec
City, Canada.
(i)
Describe the natural features of the waterfall shown in the photograph.
[3]
(ii)
Explain how the waterfall may bring both benefits and problems for local people.
[5]
(c) For a named river which you have studied, explain the causes of flooding.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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Section C
Answer one question from this section.
5
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows numbers of international tourists and their destinations.
1800
Key to destinations
Middle East
1600
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
The Americas
1400
number of international tourists (millions)
Africa
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1980
2000
2020
(projected)
Fig. 8
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(i)
What was the total number of international tourists in 2000?
(ii)
Identify the part of the world which:
(iii)
[1]
A
had more than 100 million international tourists in 1980;
B
increased its number of international tourists from 20 million in
1980 to 100 million in 2000.
[2]
Suggest reasons for the expected increase in international tourism.
[3]
(b) Study Fig. 9 (Insert), which shows Mahé Island, which is part of the Seychelles (an LEDC in
the Indian Ocean), along with Photographs B, C and D (Insert).
The location of each photograph is shown on Fig. 9.
(i)
Suggest three different ways in which people who live on Mahé Island might benefit from
international tourists visiting the island.
[3]
(ii)
Suggest three different problems which international tourism might cause for people who
live on Mahé Island.
[4]
(iii)
Use evidence from Fig. 9 (Insert) and Photographs B, C and D (Insert) only to explain
why Mahé Island is attractive to tourists.
[5]
(c) Name an area which you have studied where the tourist industry is important. Describe what
has been done in the area to maintain, improve and conserve the quality of the environment.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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6
(a) Study Figs 10A and 10B, which show information about the use of different types of energy.
Europe and
former USSR
Middle
East
North
America
Asia
and
Pacific
South
America
Key
fossil fuels
Africa
nuclear power
HEP
Fig. 10A
Asia and Pacific
0
10
20
30
North
South
Europe
America America
Africa
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% of total fuelwood used
Fig. 10B
(i)
What is meant by fossil fuel?
[1]
(ii)
Which two regions, between them, use over 75% of the world`s fuelwood?
[2]
(iii)
Identify three differences in the use of energy between South America and Europe and
former USSR.
[3]
(iv)
Suggest reasons why the importance of different types of energy varies globally.
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[4]
15
(b) Study Fig. 11, part of a webpage about energy in China.
Oil prices rose above US$50 per barrel in September, reaching record-high levels.
The rise in oil prices is likely to affect China’s economic growth. As a result of rapid
industrialisation, China has become the world’s second largest user of oil and its
imports are increasing rapidly. The rise in oil prices affects the Chinese economy, as
higher oil prices lead to higher costs for Chinese manufacturing firms.
Like many LEDCs, the government of China has encouraged economic development,
even though it has damaged the environment. However, the use of large amounts of
energy also uses up valuable resources and makes industry less competitive, because
of higher costs.
Fig. 11
(i)
Use your own words to suggest three different ways in which high oil prices are likely to
cause problems for the Chinese economy and industry.
[3]
(ii)
Describe the ways by which the transport and use of oil might damage the natural
environment.
[5]
(c) For a country or area which you have studied, describe the ways in which renewable energy
supplies are being developed.
[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 4 Photograph A
Question 5 Photograph B
Question 5 Photograph C
Question 5 Photograph D
Question 5
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
Fig. 9 © Air Seychelles.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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