Volume 10 (2009), Issue 3, Article 77, 6 pp. STARLIKENESS CONDITIONS FOR AN INTEGRAL OPERATOR PRAVATI SAHOO AND SAUMYA SINGH D EPARTMENT OF M ATHEMATICS BANARAS H INDU U NIVERSITY BANARAS 221 005, I NDIA pravatis@yahoo.co.in bhu.saumya@gmail.com Received 30 June, 2009; accepted 26 August, 2009 Communicated by R.N. Mohapatra A BSTRACT. Let for fixed n ∈ N, Σn denotes the class of function of the following form ∞ 1 X f (z) = + ak z k , z k=n ∗ which are analytic in the punctured open unit disk ∆ = {z ∈ C : 0 < |z| < 1}. In the present paper we defined and studied an operator in µ µ1 Z c + 1 − µ z f (t) c+µ F (z) = t dt , for f ∈ Σn and c + 1 − µ > 0. z c+1 t 0 Key words and phrases: Meromorphic functions; Differential subordination; Starlike functions, Convex functions. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 30C45, 30D30. 1. I NTRODUCTION Let H(∆) = H denote the class of analytic functions in ∆, where ∆ = {z ∈ C : |z| < 1}. For a fixed positive integer n and a ∈ C, let H[a, n] = {f (z) ∈ H : f (z) = a + an z n + an+1 z n+1 + · · · }, with H0 = H[0, 1]. Let An be the class of analytic functions defined on the unit disc with the normalized conditions f (0) = 0 = f 0 (0) − 1, that is f ∈ An has the form (1.1) f (z) = z + ∞ X ak z k , (z ∈ ∆ and n ∈ N). k=n+1 Let A1 = A and let S be the class of all functions f ∈ A which are univalent in ∆. 221-09 2 P RAVATI S AHOO AND S AUMYA S INGH A function f ∈ A is said to be in S ∗ iff f (∆) is a starlike domain with respect to the origin. Let for 0 ≤ α < 1, zf 0 (z) ∗ S (α) = f ∈ A : Re > α, z ∈ ∆ f (z) be the Tclass of all starlike functions of order α. So S ∗ (0) ≡ S ∗ . We denote Sn∗ (α) ≡ S ∗ (α) An for n ∈ N. A function f ∈ A is said to be in C iff f (∆) is a convex domain. Let for 0 ≤ α < 1, zf 00 (z) C(α) = f ∈ A : Re 1 + > α, z ∈ ∆ f (z) be the class of convex functions of order α. So C(0) ≡ C. Let for fixed n ∈ N, Σn denote the class of meromorphic functions of the following form ∞ 1 X ak z k , (1.2) f (z) = + z k=n which are analytic in the punctured open unit disk ∆∗ = {z : z ∈ C and 0 < |z| < 1} = ∆ − {0}. Let Σ0 = Σ. A function f ∈ Σ is said to be meromorphically starlike of order α in ∆∗ if it satisfies the condition 0 zf (z) − Re > α, (0 ≤ α < 1; z ∈ ∆∗ ). f (z) We denote by Σ∗ (α), the subclass of T Σ consisting of all meromorphically starlike functions of order α in ∆∗ and Σ∗n (α) ≡ Σ∗ (α) Σn for n ∈ N. We say that f (z) is subordinate to g(z) and f ≺ g in ∆ or f (z) ≺ g(z) (z ∈ ∆) if there exists a Schwarz function w(z), which (by definition) is analytic in ∆ with w(0) = 0 and |w(z)| < 1, such that f (z) = g(w(z)), z ∈ ∆. Furthermore, if the function g is univalent in ∆, f (z) ≺ g(z) (z ∈ ∆) ⇔ f (0) = g(0) andf (∆) ⊂ g(∆). In the present paper, for f (z) ∈ Σn , we define and study a generalized operator I[f ] µ µ1 Z c + 1 − µ z f (t) c+µ (1.3) I[f ] = F (z) = t dt , (c + 1 − µ > 0, z ∈ ∆∗ ), z c+1 t 0 which is similar to the Alexander transform when c = µ = 1 and is similar to Bernardi transformation when µ = 1 and c > 0. 2. M AIN R ESULTS For our main results we need the following lemmas. T Lemma 2.1 (Goluzin [5]). If f ∈ An S ∗ , then n f (z) 2 1 Re > . z 2 This inequality is sharp with extremal function f (z) = z 2 (1−z n ) n . Lemma 2.2 ([9]). Let u and v denote complex variables, u = α + iρ, v = σ + iδ and let Ψ(u, v) be a complex valued function that satisfies the following conditions: (i) Ψ(u, v) is continuous in a domain Ω ⊂ C2 ; (ii) (1, 0) ∈ Ω and Re(Ψ(1, 0)) > 0; 2 (iii) Re(Ψ(iρ, σ)) ≤ 0 whenever (iρ, σ) ∈ Ω, σ ≤ − 1+ρ and ρ, σ are real. 2 J. Inequal. Pure and Appl. Math., 10(3) (2009), Art. 77, 6 pp. http://jipam.vu.edu.au/ I NTEGRAL O PERATOR 3 If p(z) ∈ H[a, n] is a function that is analytic in ∆, such that (p(z), zp0 (z)) ∈ Ω and Re(Ψ(p(z), zp0 (z))) > 0 hold for all z ∈ ∆, then Re p(z) > 0, when z ∈ ∆. Lemma 2.3 ([9, p. 34], [8]). Let p ∈ H[a, n] (i) If Ψ ∈ Ψn [Ω, M, a], then Ψ(p(z), zp02 p00 (z); z) ∈ Ω ⇒ |p(z)| < M. (ii) If Ψ ∈ Ψn [M, a], then |Ψ(p(z), zp02 p00 (z); z)| < M ⇒ |p(z)| < M. Lemma 2.4 ([6]). Let h(z) be an analytic and convex univalent function in ∆, with h(0) = a, c 6= 0 and Re c ≥ 0. If p ∈ H[a, n] and p(z) + zp0 (z) ≺ h(z), c then p(z) ≺ q(z) ≺ h(z), where Z z c c q(z) ≺ t n −1 f (t)dt, c nz n 0 The function q is convex and the best dominant. z ∈ ∆. Theorem 2.5. Let c > 0 and 0 < µ < 1. If f ∈ Σ∗n (α) for 0 < α < 1, then I(f ) = F (z) ∈ Σ∗n (β), where (2.1) β = β(α, c, µ) 1h = 2c + 2αµ + n + 2 4µ i p 2 − [4(c − αµ)] + (n + 2)(n + 2 + 4c + 4µα) − 16α − 8µn . Proof. Here we have the conditions (2.2) 0 < α < 1, 0 < µ < 1 and c > 0, which will imply that β < 1. Let f (z) ∈ Σ∗n (α). We first show that F (z) defined by (1.3) will become nonzero for z ∈ ∆∗ . Again since f ∈ Σ∗n (α), we have f (z) 6= 0, for z ∈ ∆∗ . 1 ∗ Let g(z) = (f (z)) µ , then a simple computation shows that g(z) ∈ Sn (αµ). If we define 1 g(z) { 1−αµ } Ig = , z then I(g) ∈ Sn∗ and by Goluzin’s subordination result (by Lemma 2.1), we obtain n2 Ig 1 ≺ . z 1+z From the relation between Ig , g and f we get that 2 g(z) ≺ (1 + z) n (αµ−1) , z which implies 2 z(f (z))µ ≺ (1 + z) n (1−αµ) J. Inequal. Pure and Appl. Math., 10(3) (2009), Art. 77, 6 pp. http://jipam.vu.edu.au/ 4 P RAVATI S AHOO AND S AUMYA S INGH 2 and since 0 < αµ < 1, we have z(f (z))µ ≺ (1 + z) n . Combining this with 2 min Re(1 + z) n = 0, |z|=1 we deduce that Re[z(f (z))µ ] > 0. (2.3) By differentiating (1.3), we obtain (c + 1)(F (z))µ + z (2.4) d (F (z))µ = (c + 1 − µ)(f (z))µ . dz If we let P (z) = (F (z))µ , z (2.5) then (2.4) becomes 1 c+1−µ z(f (z))µ . P (z) + zP 0 (z) = c c Hence from (2.3) we have zP 0 (z) , Re Ψ(P (z), zP (z)) = Re P (z) + c 0 (2.6) where Ψ(r, s) = r + sc . To show that Re P (z) > 0, condition (iii) of Lemma 2.2 must be satisfied. Since c > 0, (2.6) implies that σ n(1 + ρ2 ) Re Ψ(iρ, σ) = Re iρ + ≤− ≤ 0, c 2c 2 ) when σ ≤ − n(1+ρ , for all ρ ∈ R. Hence from (2.6) we deduce that Re P (z) > 0, which 2 implies that F (z) 6= 0 for z ∈ ∆∗ . We next determine β such that F ∈ Σ∗n (β). Let us define p(z) ∈ H[1, n] by (2.7) − zF 0 (z) = (1 − β)p(z) + β. F (z) By applying (part iii) of Lemma 2.2 again with different Ψ we finish the proof of the theorem. Since f ∈ Σ∗n (α), by differentiating (2.4) we easily get Re Ψ(p(z), zp0 (z)) > 0, where (1 − β)σ − α. c + 1 − µβ − µ(1 − β)p(z) For β ≤ β(α, c, µ), where β(α, c, µ) is given by (2.1), a simple calculation shows that the admissibility condition (iii) of Lemma 2.2 is satisfied. Hence by Lemma 2.2, we get Re p(z) > 0. Using this result in (2.7) together with β < 1 shows that F (z) ∈ Σ∗n (β). Ψ(r, s) = (1 − β)r + β + Theorem 2.6. Let 0 < c + 1 − µ < 1. If, for 0 < α < 1, f ∈ Σ∗ (α), then I(f ) ∈ Σ∗ (β), where i p 1 h (2.8) β = β(α, µ, c) = 2c + 2αµ + 3 − [2(c − αµ)]2 + 3(3 + 4c) − 4µ(2 + α) . 2µ The proof is very similar to that of Theorem 2.5. In the special case when the meromorphic function given in (1.2) has a coefficient a0 = 0, it is possible to obtain a stronger result than (2.8). J. Inequal. Pure and Appl. Math., 10(3) (2009), Art. 77, 6 pp. http://jipam.vu.edu.au/ I NTEGRAL O PERATOR 5 Theorem 2.7. Let c > 0, 0 < µ < 1, 0 < α < 1, f ∈ Σ∗1 (α), then I(f ) ∈ Σ∗1 (β), where i p 1 h c + αµ + 1 − (c − αµ)2 + 4(c + 1 − µ) . (2.9) β = β(α, µ, c) = 2µ The proof is similar to that of Theorem 2.5. Corollary 2.8. Let n ≥ 1, c + n + 1 > 0 and g(z) ∈ H[0, n]. If | ((g(z))µ )0 | ≤ λ and µ1 Z z 1 µ c (g(t)) t dt , (2.10) F(z) = c+1 z 0 then λ | ((F(z))µ )0 | ≤ . c+n+1 Proof. From (2.10) we deduce (c + 1)(F(z))µ + z ((F(z))µ )0 = g µ (z). If we set z ((F(z))µ )0 = P (z), then P ∈ H[0, n] and (c + 1)P (z) + zP 0 (z) = z(g µ (z))0 ≺ λz. From part(i) of Lemma 2.3, it follows that this differential subordination has the best dominant λz P (z) ≺ Q(z) = . c+n+1 Hence we have λ | ((F(z))µ )0 | ≤ . c+n+1 Corollary 2.9. Let c + n + 1 > 0 and f ∈ Σn be given as 1 f (z) = + g(z), z where n ≥ 1 and g(z) ∈ H[0, n]. Let F be defined by µ1 Z z 1 1 1 µ c (g(t)) t dt . (2.11) F(z) ≡ + G(z) = + c+1 z z z 0 Then n(c + n + 1) . | ((g(z))µ )0 | ≤ √ n2 + 1 Proof. From Corollary 2.8 we obtain n , | ((G(z))µ )0 | ≤ √ 2 n +1 since from (2.11), we have |z 2 ((F(z))µ )0 + 1| = |G0 (z)|. Hence from [2], we conclude that F ∈ Σ∗n . Corollary 2.10. Let n be a fixed positive integer and c > 0. Let q be a convex function in ∆, with q(0) = 1 and let h be defined by n+1 0 (2.12) h(z) = q(z) + zq (z). c If f ∈ Σn and F (z) is given by (1.3), then c+1−µ 2 − z ((f (z))µ )0 ≺ h(z) ⇒ −z 2 ((F (z))µ )0 ≺ q(z), c and this result is sharp. J. Inequal. Pure and Appl. Math., 10(3) (2009), Art. 77, 6 pp. http://jipam.vu.edu.au/ 6 P RAVATI S AHOO AND S AUMYA S INGH Proof. From the definition of h(z), it is a convex function. If we obtain p(z) = −z 2 (F µ (z))0 , then p ∈ H[1, n + 1] and from (2.3), we get c+1−µ 2 1 p(z) + zp0 (z) = − z ((f (z))µ )0 ≺ h(z). c c The conclusion of the corollary follows by Lemma 2.4. Corollary 2.11. Let n ≥ 1 and c > 0. Let f ∈ Σn and let F (z) given by (1.3). 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