CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES
DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER
DEMOGRAPHICS – HOW CAN
SAFER VEHICLE CHOICES BE
ENCOURAGED?
by
Michael Keall
& Stuart Newstead
December, 2010
Report No.: 301
Project Sponsored By
ii MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
Report No.
Date
ISBN
ISSN
Pages
301
November 2010
0 7326 2371 5
1835-4815 (online)
12 + Appendices
Title and sub-title:
Characteristics of vehicles driven by different driver demographics – how can safer vehicle choices be
encouraged?
Author(s):
Keall, M.D. & Newstead, S.V.
Sponsoring Organisation(s): - This project was funded as contract research by the following
organisations:
This project was funded as contract research by the following organisations:
Road Traffic Authority of NSW, Royal Automobile Club of Victoria Ltd, NRMA Motoring and
Services, VicRoads, Royal Automobile Club of Western Australia Ltd, Transport Accident
Commission, New Zealand Transport Agency, the New Zealand Automobile Association, Queensland
Department of Transport and Main Roads, Royal Automobile Club of Queensland, Royal Automobile
Association of South Australia, South Australian Department of Transport Energy and Infrastructure
and by grants from the Australian Government Department of Transport, Infrastructure, Regional
Development and Local Government and the Road Safety Council of Western Australia
Abstract:
The focus of this study was to examine the profile of vehicles driven by different driver groups
in different jurisdictions of Australasia to investigate the secondary safety implications of the vehicles
driven. The 2001-2005 crash fleets of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia,
Western Australia and New Zealand were considered. NSW and Victoria had the newest fleets and NZ
by far the oldest. Within each jurisdiction, the crash fleet of younger drivers was oldest, the fleet for
drivers aged 26-59 newest, with the older drivers’ fleet in-between. Those age groups and jurisdictions
with older vehicles also had less crashworthy vehicles on average. Female drivers generally drove
newer vehicles than male drivers apart from very recent models, which tended to be proportionately
more prevalent in the male driver fleet. Despite this, female driver’s vehicles had a consistently poorer
crashworthiness distribution than the vehicles driven by males since females prefer smaller, lighter
vehicles, which have generally poorer crashworthiness. Large cars dominated the fleets of all the
Australian male driver age groups, but for females, only featured strongly in the 26-59-year-old
drivers’ fleets. The market group constitution of the New Zealand crash fleets of most driver groups
was dominated by Medium cars, a result of the widespread importation of medium-sized used cars
mainly from Japan.
The pattern of crash-involvement was different for different driver groups. Young drivers have
been shown by previous research to be involved in a much higher proportion of rollover crashes,
highlighting the importance of strengthened roof structures for this group. Older drivers and female
drivers in general had higher proportions of intersection crashes for which side-impact protection
features and side airbags are particularly relevant. It can be argued that both younger and older drivers
require the most crashworthy vehicles: older drivers because they are more liable to be injured when
involved in a crash; younger drivers because they have high rates of crash involvement.
Key Words: vehicle, crashworthiness, secondary safety driver age, driver gender
Disclaimer:
This Report is produced for the purposes of providing information concerning the safety of vehicles involved in
crashes. It is based upon information provided to the Monash University Accident Research Centre by VicRoads,
the Transport Accident Commission, the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority, NRMA Ltd, Queensland
Transport, the Western Australian Department of Main Roads, South Australian Department of Transport, Energy
and Infrastructure and Land Transport New Zealand. Any republication of the findings of the Report whether by
way of summary or reproduction of the tables or otherwise is prohibited unless prior written consent is obtained
from the Monash University Accident Research Centre and any conditions attached to that consent are satisfied.
Monash University Accident Research Centre,
Reproduction of this page is authorised.
Building 70, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
Telephone: +61 3 9905 4371, Fax: +61 3 9905 4363
www.monash.edu.au/muarc
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS iii
Preface
Project Manager / Team Leader:
Dr Stuart Newstead
Research Team:
Dr Michael Keall
Contributorship Statement
Stuart Newstead – Project concept, management and final manuscript editing
Michael Keall – Design and conduct of data analysis and manuscript preparation
Ethics Statement
Ethics approval was not required for this project.
iv MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Contents
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER
DEMOGRAPHICS – HOW CAN SAFER VEHICLE CHOICES BE
ENCOURAGED? .............................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE................................................................................................................................ 1 DATA AND METHODS ........................................................................................................... 1 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 2 BY JURISDICTION ........................................................................................................................ 2 BY DRIVER AGE GROUP ............................................................................................................ 3 BY DRIVER SEX ........................................................................................................................... 4 MARKET GROUP CHOICE BY JURISDICTION AND DRIVER
CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................. 4 CRASHWORTHINESS OF FLEETS BY JURISDICTION AND DRIVER
CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................. 5 Crashworthiness of fleets by driver age group ......................................................................... 7 Crashworthiness of fleets by driver sex ................................................................................... 7 Most popular crashed makes and models by age, sex and jurisdiction .................................... 7 LOCATION AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF CRASHES ................................................................ 8 Rollovers ................................................................................................................................ 10 Other occupant characteristics to consider ............................................................................. 10 SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS............................................................................................. 11 IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESULTS ..................................................................................... 12 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................. 13 Vehicle age distributions by jurisdiction ............................................................................... 13 Crashworthiness ..................................................................................................................... 27 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 75 CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS v
Characteristics of vehicles driven by different driver
demographics – how can safer vehicle choices be
encouraged?
Background
Different driver groups have different vehicle preferences reflecting income, typical
vehicle usage and vehicle occupancy amongst other factors. Within the characteristic
vehicle fleets arising out of these preferences, there are likely to be mixtures of wellperforming and poorly-performing vehicles with respect to occupant protection.
Different driver groups also have different crash involvement patterns, so a vehicle
with certain occupant protection and crash avoidance features would be more suitable
for a driver group subject more frequently to crash types relevant to those features.
For example, a group frequently involved in side-impact crashes would particularly
benefit from features such as side impact protection and side airbags whist a group
over represented in single vehicle crashes could benefit more from electronic stability
control.
Purpose
The focus of this study was to examine the profile of vehicles driven by different
driver groups in different jurisdictions to investigate the secondary safety implications
of the vehicles driven. A secondary focus was to identify potential alternative vehicle
choices with better safety performance that might still meet the driver group’s other
needs. These needs, which may override safety considerations for many vehicle
owners when choosing a vehicle, include suitability for the transportation needs,
vehicle purchase cost and running expenses. Information on vehicle preferences for
different driver groups in different jurisdictions, together with information on
potential alternative vehicles with better crashworthiness, is important to guide policy
formation and consumer advice leading to safer vehicle choices appropriate for each
given driver group.
Data and methods
Data from New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western
Australia and New Zealand covering police reported crashes during the years 20012005 compiled for the Used Car Safety Ratings project (Newstead et al, 2009) were
used to describe driver demographics and crash vehicle profiles. In addition, the
crashworthiness and aggressivity ratings produced in Newstead et al (2009) as part of
the Used Car Safety Ratings Program regular updates were used to describe secondary
safety performance for vehicles involved in crashes.
The analysis focused on describing the distribution of vehicle fleets for different
driver groups (defined by sex, age and jurisdiction) by vehicle age, vehicle market
group and crashworthiness. Also, the 50 most popular vehicle makes and models for
each of the driver groups considered per jurisdiction were listed together with the
vehicles’ crashworthiness rating to identify suitable safer alternative vehicle choices
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 1
from amongst the popular vehicles for that driver group. For some driver groups,
there were fewer than 50 makes/models identified with adequate crash data, reflecting
relatively low crash rates for that group. Vehicles were placed in crashworthiness
tertiles (above, below and between the 33rd and 67th percentiles) according to their
estimated crashworthiness.
Results
By jurisdiction
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet
6%
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 1: Distribution of the six vehicle fleets by vehicle age at time of crash (Note that older
vehicles are at RHS of graph).
Figure 1 shows the age distribution of the six light passenger vehicle crash fleets
analysed. The maxima of the graphs (the modes of the distributions) show the most
common ages of vehicles entering the fleet (whether from other countries, other
states, or new vehicles), assuming that similar age distributions of vehicles enter the
fleet each year. The modal ages of NZ crashed vehicles is 9-13 years. This age
distribution is unusual because of the large numbers of used vehicles imported from
other countries and sold in New Zealand. The modal age for the SA crash fleet is 2-5
years. The other four fleets (NSW, VIC, QLD and WA) all have modal age of 1 year,
showing that most vehicles entering these fleets were new vehicles.
2 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
By driver age group
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 2: Distribution of the crashed vehicle fleets of three driver age groups by vehicle age
(years since manufacture at time of crash).
Figure 2 shows the age distributions of the combined jurisdictions’ crashed vehicle
fleets for three different driver age groups. In general, drivers aged 26-59 crashed
newer vehicles than the other age groups; young drivers had the oldest fleet; and the
fleet of older drivers lay in between the other two age groups’ fleets. These patterns
were also apparent when each jurisdiction was examined individually although the
New Zealand fleet had a notable difference where the older drivers’ fleet had a higher
proportion of newer vehicles than the fleet of drivers aged 26-59 (see the Appendix
for jurisdiction-specific details).
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 3
By driver sex
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 3: Distribution of the crashed vehicle fleets of male and female drivers by vehicle age
(years since manufacture at time of crash).
Figure 3 shows the overall age distribution of the combined fleets by driver sex. Male
drivers’ crash fleet had a slightly higher proportion of newer vehicles, but despite this,
the female drivers’ fleet was generally younger. This pattern was seen for all the
jurisdictions individually (see the Appendix). When looked at within driver age
groups (see Appendix), the patterns did differ: the female younger drivers’ crash
fleets had proportionately more later model vehicles than the younger male crash
fleets; for drivers aged 26-59 the distributions for males and females were similar to
those shown in Figure 3; for older drivers, there was still a tendency for the latest
model vehicles to be more prevalent in the male drivers’ fleet. The older female
drivers’ vehicles otherwise were generally more recent models than their male
counterparts’ vehicles, but this pattern was not as pronounced as for the other driver
age groups.
Market group choice by jurisdiction and driver characteristics
Table 1 shows key vehicle market groups featuring in the crash fleets for different
jurisdictions and driver age/sex groups. The fleets are strongly dominated by a single
market group when that market group has at least 30% prevalence in the fleet. Large
cars dominated all Australian male driver fleets and the 26-59-year-old Australian
female driver fleets. Small cars dominated the Australian female drivers’ crash fleets
for both young drivers and older drivers. Light cars featured as important constituents
of the fleets of older and younger female drivers for most Australian jurisdictions.
New Zealand was unusual because of its used car importation program. Medium cars,
which were relatively rare in the Australian fleet, were the dominant NZ market group
for all the female driver groups apart from older females, who preferred Small and
Light cars over Medium cars. In New Zealand, Large cars were only relatively
4 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
common (constituting between 20% and 30% of the crash fleet) for 29-59-year old
male drivers.
Table 1: Distribution of the dominant market groups within the crash fleets for different
jurisdictions and driver age/sex groups
Jurisdiction
NSW
VIC
Proportion
of fleet
>=30%
20-30%
15-20%
>=30%
WA
Small
Large
15-20%
>=30%
Small
Large
20-30%
Small
Small
Large
Large
Large
Large
Ute
Large
Large
Small
Large
Small
Large
20-30%
15-20%
>=30%
NZ
Small
Large
20-30%
15-20%
>=30%
SA
Large
60+
Large
20-30%
15-20%
>=30%
QLD
<=25
Large
Small
Male
26-59
Large
Small
20-30%
Medium,
Small
15-20%
Large
<=25
Small
Light
Large
Small
Large,
Light
Small
Large,
Light
Female
26-59
Large
Small
Large
60+
Small
Large
Light
Small
Small
Large
Large
Small
Small
Large
Small
Large
Light
Small
Large
Small
Large,
Light
Light
Large
Small
Small
Large
Small
Large,
Medium
Medium
Large,
Small
Light
Small
Large,
Light
Light
Medium,
Small
Medium
Small,
Light
Large,
Small
Medium
Crashworthiness of fleets by jurisdiction and driver
characteristics
This section quantifies the distribution of the crash fleets by different jurisdictions
according to the crashworthiness quintiles defined over the entire sample of crashed
vehicles. By definition, a histogram of the entire fleet by quintile will consist of a
horizontal line at approximately 20% (as each quintile consists of one fifth of the
fleet). This is shown in Table 2, with slightly more than 200,000 vehicles in each
quintile, whose range is shown in the second column of the table. The slightly larger
representation of Quintile 4 is an artefact of the method for estimating
crashworthiness for older vehicles. These were allocated their estimates based on year
of manufacture and market group only. Such vehicles therefore had a restricted range
of potential crashworthiness estimates, meaning that division of this part of the
distribution precisely into quintiles was not possible.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 5
Table 2: Crashworthiness ranges for defining quintiles over the entire sample of crashed vehicles
analysed. The poorest performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
CWR range
under 2.88%
2.88% - 3.18%
3.18% - 3.69%
3.69% - 4.26%
4.26% plus
Quintile
1
2
3
4
5
n
204,382
201,867
202,204
215,410
202,658
40%
35%
30%
%crash fleet
25%
quintile
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 4: Comparison of distribution of the six jurisdictions’ crash fleets according to the
estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing vehicles in terms of
crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
Figure 4 compares the distributions of the six jurisdictions according to the
crashworthiness quintiles described in Table 2. Clearly, the poorest performing fleet
in terms of this measure of secondary safety was the New Zealand fleet. It had the
highest proportion of the poorest performing vehicles (Quintile 5) and the lowest
proportion of the best performing vehicles (Quintile 1). The Victorian fleet, followed
by the NSW fleet were the best performing fleets. The South Australian fleet had a
relatively low proportion of Quintile 1 and a high proportion of Quintile 4, although
the proportion of Quintile 5 vehicles in that fleet was about average (where the
average is 20% by definition of the quintiles). Western Australia had a higher
proportion than average with poor crashworthiness (Quintile 5). Queensland was
close to the overall average, a more-or-less horizontal distribution.
6 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Crashworthiness of fleets by driver age group
30%
25%
%crash fleet
20%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 5: Comparison of distribution of the combined crash fleets per driver age group
according quintiles for the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
Figure 5 compares the crashworthiness distributions for three driver age groups across
all jurisdictions. Note that the quintiles are those defined for the whole fleet, as
described in Table 2. The most crashworthy fleet, with the highest proportion of
quintile 1 vehicles and the lowest proportion of quintile 5 was that for drivers aged
26-59. This was followed by the fleet for older drivers, which was close to the overall
average of 20% in each quintile. The poorest performing vehicles were those driven
by young drivers. Within each jurisdiction these patterns are also replicated (see
Appendix), although for New Zealand the older driver crash fleet rated only slightly
worse than the fleet for drivers aged 26-59 and had proportionately fewer quintile 5
vehicles.
Crashworthiness of fleets by driver sex
For all the jurisdictions, the vehicles of female drivers had a poorer crashworthiness
distribution than the vehicles driven by males. Of the six fleets studied, New Zealand
had the most “equitable” fleet where vehicles driven by males and females had similar
crashworthiness distributions, despite the poor performance of the NZ fleet generally.
The data for all jurisdictions are presented in the Appendix.
Most popular crashed makes and models by age, sex and
jurisdiction
The most popular makes and models of vehicles for a given driver age and sex group
are likely to reflect the vehicle preferences of that driver group. A group with limited
income, typically low vehicle occupancy and infrequent vehicle usage might
generally prefer smaller, cheaper vehicles, for example. As the current research is
seeking to identify safer vehicle choices for different groups of drivers, ideal
alternative vehicle choices could be selected from those vehicles that are already
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 7
popular amongst the given driver group, as such vehicles are likely to have the
attributes sought by that driver group.
The most popular 50 vehicle makes and models were identified for which there were
at least 40 crashed vehicles in the data analysed and a CWR rating had been
estimated. For some driver groups, fewer than 50 models were identified as their
crash data was relatively scarce. From this set of vehicle makes and models, a means
of comparison was defined by calculating crashworthiness tertiles (the values at
which 33% and 67% percent of the vehicle ratings are better). The list of these vehicle
makes and models together with their classification into tertiles is shown in Table 3 in
the Appendix. Note that the uncertainty in the crashworthiness estimate is not taken
into account here (unlike the publication of the Used Car Safety Ratings), so this list
should only be treated as indicative of the best available estimate of secondary safety
performance.
In general, the vehicles of each driver age/sex group within a particular jurisdiction
show a range of secondary safety ratings, even within given market groups. This
shows that vehicle consumers who may be considering the purchase of a car with poor
crashworthiness can potentially be guided by ANCAP or the Used Car Safety Ratings
to find a better-performing alternative, without necessarily compromising their choice
in terms of desired functionality. There are some exceptions, however. The New
Zealand fleet stands out as having only a small proportion of well-performing vehicles
in terms of crashworthiness, as already noted above. This is most apparent for drivers
aged 60 plus, all of whose vehicles listed (with at least 40 recorded crashes) were
rated with poor crashworthiness. The single exception was the Holden Commodore
VT/VX, with good crashworthiness, but this vehicle will not suit many older drivers
because it is much larger than most of the other popular vehicles for this group. The
lack of good quality vehicles in New Zealand, which is associated with the advanced
age of the fleet as noted above, creates problems for safety-focused second-hand car
buyers. They are unfortunately faced with a market that is dominated by poorlyperforming vehicles with respect to crashworthiness. Consumer demand for better
performing vehicles has the potential to improve the NZ fleet via better quality
imported vehicles, but this is a longer-term process than faced by the Australian
fleets, particularly Victoria and NSW, which have a good selection of second-hand
vehicle choices with good crashworthiness.
Ideally there should be a range of well-performing vehicle choices within each given
market group. A notable exception is the market group Light cars, which tend to offer
poor occupant protection in real-world crashes associated with their small mass. The
Honda Jazz/Fit and the Toyota Yaris were rare exceptions, found to provide
reasonable crashworthiness performance in the latest issue of the UCSR (Newstead et
al, 2009).
Location and circumstances of crashes
The ideal vehicle in terms of secondary safety offers occupant protection under a
range of crash types: side-impact; head-on; higher speed; moderate speed; rollovers;
etc. However, both younger drivers and older drivers have crash involvement patterns
that are distinctive. These groups could potentially consider selecting vehicles with
occupant protection features that are most likely to be effective in the particular mix
of crashes they are prone to if they are focused on maximising their own safety. Note
8 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
that the Used Car Safety Ratings procedure estimates vehicle secondary safety
averaged over these various crash types, with each crash type represented in
proportion to the crash types occurring in Australasia. However, different driver
groups have different exposure and different injury liability to particular crash types,
meaning that particular features of vehicle secondary safety will benefit some driver
groups more than others.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
Weekday Day
Weekday Night
Weekend Day
Weekend Night
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
young males
young females
25-59 males
25-59 females
60+males
60+females
Figure 6: Distribution by day/night and weekend/weekday of crashed vehicles driven by different
age and sex groups for all jurisdictions combined.
Figure 6 shows the proportion of crashes by time of day (day/night) and day of week
(weekend vs weekday) for each of the driver age and sex groups considered, using the
entire set of crash data for the six jurisdictions combined. Although combining data
like this can obscure patterns present in particular jurisdictions, the pattern shown in
Figure 6 is also seen when jurisdictions are analysed individually.
The most notable feature of Figure 6 is the sustained trend to reduced night time
crashes both on weekends and during the week as driver age rises. Although there are
no particular secondary safety issues associated with driving at night or during the
day, features such as headlights and windscreen wipers play an important night-time
primary safety role to prevent crashes, particularly for young drivers according to the
data presented in Figure 6.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 9
70%
60%
%intersection crashes
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
26-59
26-59
60 & ABOVE
60 & ABOVE
driver age and sex
Figure 7: Proportion of crashed vehicles that crashed at intersections when driven by different
age and sex groups for all jurisdictions combined.
Figure 7 shows the proportion of crashed vehicles that crashed at intersections
according to the age group and sex of the driver, using all the data combined. This
shows that female drivers had a higher proportion of intersection crashes than male
drivers of the same age group and that the proportion of intersection crashes tended to
increase with the age of the driver. Both these effects are likely to be largely
exposure-related (in the sense that shorter trips in urban settings traverse intersections
more frequently) (Keall and Frith, 2006). However, it is also likely that older drivers
have greater cognitive problems with intersections, which may increase their liability
to crash in these settings (Keall and Frith, 2004b). All jurisdictions showed a similar
pattern, although New Zealand notably had a much lower proportion of intersection
crashes, reflecting the driving environment there. Nevertheless, the important message
is that intersection crashes, which commonly involve side impacts, are more common
for older drivers and for female drivers. These groups are likely to benefit most from
vehicle features that provide protection in these situations, such as side airbags and
side-impact protection.
Rollovers
Previous research has shown that rollover risk is particularly high for young drivers
(Keall and Newstead, 2009). Young drivers may therefore have particular benefit
from structural features that protect the vehicle occupants from deformation of the
roof when the vehicle overturns.
Other occupant characteristics to consider
Fragility
It is well established that older people are more fragile and are more liable to suffer
injury when in a crash (Evans, 2001; Keall and Frith, 2004a). It is counterproductive
10 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
for safety therefore that many older drivers choose very small vehicles with poor
secondary safety performance. Older people need the protection of as many safety
features as can be afforded.
High crash rates
Young drivers have elevated crash rates for various reasons, including their
inexperience, lack of maturity with resultant tendency to take risks, and their driving
patterns, which include more night driving, with inherently higher risk of crash
involvement even when alcohol use is controlled for (Keall et al, 2005). It is again a
perverse outcome for safety that young drivers’ vehicles perform generally poorly in
terms of occupant protection. For this group, who are likely to seek cheaper vehicles
because of limited income and also to conform with choices of vehicles driven by
their peers, it is important that they are made aware of modestly priced vehicles that
provide better occupant protection. This issue of young driver vehicle choice has been
extensively examined already in Watson & Newstead (2009) and Whelan, Scully &
Newstead (2009).
Summary of the results
The age distribution of the 2001-2005 crash fleets of New South Wales, Victoria,
Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and New Zealand showed that NSW
and Victoria had the newest fleets and NZ by far the oldest. Within each jurisdiction,
the crash fleet of younger drivers was oldest, the fleet for drivers aged 26-59 was the
newest, with the older drivers’ fleet in-between. There is a strong relationship
between vehicle age and its secondary safety, reflecting improvements in technology,
design and regulation over time. When the fleets were studied according to their
crashworthiness, similar patterns as noted above for the vehicle age distributions were
also found. Female drivers generally drove newer vehicles than male drivers apart
from very recent models, which tended to be proportionately more prevalent in the
male driver fleet. Despite this, female driver’s vehicles had a consistently poorer
crashworthiness distribution than the vehicles driven by males. This can be attributed
to females preferring smaller, lighter vehicles, which have generally poorer
crashworthiness than vehicles with larger mass. Large cars dominated the fleets of all
the Australian male driver age groups, but for females, only featured strongly in the
26-59-year-old drivers’ fleets. The market group constitution of the New Zealand fleet
was unusual, with the crash fleets of most driver groups dominated by Medium cars, a
result of the widespread importation of medium-sized used cars mainly from Japan.
The pattern of crash-involvement was different for different driver groups. Young
drivers have been shown by previous research to be involved in a much higher
proportion of rollover crashes, highlighting the importance of strengthened roof
structures for this group. Older drivers and female drivers in general had higher
proportions of intersection crashes for which side-impact protection features and side
airbags are particularly relevant. It can be argued that both younger and older drivers
require the most crashworthy vehicles: older drivers because they are more liable to
be injured when involved in a crash; younger drivers because they have high rates of
crash involvement.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 11
Implications of the results
The analysis presented has shown that different driver groups favour different types of
vehicles, reflecting choices in which safety may play a secondary role compared to
considerations such as price and economy. The analysis has also shown that for safety
to be maximised (that is, injury severity minimised), young and older drivers in
particular need to be encouraged to choose safer vehicles. These driver groups are
currently making poor choices in terms of the secondary safety performance of the
vehicles they favour. Younger and older drivers suffer most from poor secondary
safety because of the fragility of older people when involved in crashes and the high
crash involvement rates of younger drivers.
To assist drivers to make safer vehicle choices, other presentations of the Used Car
Safety Ratings could be attempted. The best-performing vehicles are often also recent
model vehicles outside the price range of drivers with limited funds. An enhancement
to the web-based presentation of the UCSR results could be to allow the public the
option to compare the secondary safety of vehicles grouped into similar aged models
or even similar priced vehicles according to the market averages for second-hand
vehicles.
12 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Appendix
The Appendix shows figures and tables that were considered too space-consuming to
be part of the main text. The figures and tables included here show data specific to the
six jurisdictions studied.
Vehicle age distributions by jurisdiction
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet NSW
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 8: New South Welsh crash fleet by age group of driver of vehicle and age of vehicle at time
of crash.
The vehicle age structure of the NSW crash fleet of drivers aged 26-59 has a steep
slope with increasing vehicle age as vehicles are “lost” from the 26-59-year-old driver
crash fleet more quickly, not from being scrapped, but from being sold second-hand
to other driver age groups. The acquisition of vehicles from the other age group driver
crash fleets is particularly apparent for younger drivers (aged 25 and under), whose
vehicles aged 1-12 have a very flat distribution. As would be expected, the vehicle
fleet of drivers aged 26-59 has the highest proportion of newer vehicles and the lowest
proportion of older vehicles, followed by the vehicle fleet of drivers aged 60 plus,
with the vehicle fleet of drivers aged 25 and under, who are most likely to be
restricted in their vehicle choice by income limitations, consisting of the lowest
proportion of newer vehicles and the highest proportion of older vehicles.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 13
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet VIC
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 9: Victorian crash fleet by age group of driver of vehicle and age of vehicle at time of
crash.
Figure 9 shows Victorian crash fleet by age group of driver and age of the crashed
vehicle at the time of the crash. For this fleet, it is even clearer that a large proportion
of the fleet driven by drivers aged 26-59 gets transferred via second-hand sales to
other age groups, particularly younger drivers. Relatively new vehicles, aged 1-4 are
likely to be bought as second-hand vehicles by drivers aged 60 plus, as evidenced by
the increase in proportions of these vehicles for these drivers shown in Figure 9.
Younger drivers buy second-hand vehicles aged 2-6 years old and also vehicles aged
9-13 years old.
14 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet QLD
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 10: Queensland crash fleet by age group of driver of vehicle and age of vehicle at time of
crash.
Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia show a similar pattern to Victoria
in terms of the age distribution of the crashed vehicle fleet by driver age group
(Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12). Young drivers appear to buy second-hand
vehicles aged 3-13 years old. For South Australia (Figure 12), the vehicle age
distribution for drivers aged 26-59 is slightly unusual in that it is the two-year-old
vehicles that are most common in this fleet, not the one-year-old vehicles. Perhaps
this shows that the two-year-old vehicles are often driven from other states through
South Australia (and crash in that state) or that there is some introduction of these
vehicles to the SA fleet from other states.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 15
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet WA
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 11: Western Australian crash fleet by age group of driver of vehicle and age of vehicle at
time of crash.
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet SA
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 12: South Australian crash fleet by age group of driver of vehicle and age of vehicle at
time of crash.
16 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet NZ
6%
5%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 13: New Zealand crash fleet by age group of driver of vehicle and age of vehicle at time of
crash.
The New Zealand crash fleet shows a small local peak at 1 year-old indicating
vehicles sold new, but the vast majority of vehicles entering the fleet are those sold
second-hand, sourced mainly from Japan. Another unusual feature of the NZ crash
fleet is that, although the crash fleet of younger drivers is considerably older than that
of the other age groups, consistent with the Australian states, vehicles of drivers aged
60 plus are slightly more recent (younger) than the vehicles of drivers aged 26-59. For
the Australian fleets, the age profile of crashed vehicles driven by older drivers is
considerably older than that driven by the age group 26-59. This may reflect different
cultures or norms between the countries, or perhaps a relatively better economic status
of older people in NZ in comparison with people aged 26-59 (or alternatively, poorer
economic status of people aged 26-59 in NZ).
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 17
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet NSW
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 14: New South Welsh crash fleet of younger drivers (aged 25 and under) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
Figure 14 to Figure 31 show comparisons of the vehicle age distributions by the sex
of the driver, the age groups of the driver and the jurisdiction (Australian states and
New Zealand) where the crash occurred. The vehicles driven by females had an age
distribution showing a generally higher proportion of more recent vehicles (aged less
than 10 years) and a lower proportion of older vehicles. Exceptions included older
drivers in all jurisdictions and young drivers in New Zealand, for whom the age
distributions varied only slightly between the sexes. For middle-aged drivers (aged
26-59), very new vehicles – aged two years and less – constituted a larger proportion
of the male drivers’ fleet than the female fleet, perhaps representing a larger
prevalence of newer company-owned vehicles.
7%
6%
%crash fleet VIC
5%
4%
Male
Female
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
Vehicle age at time of crash
18 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
15
20
Figure 15: Victorian crash fleet of younger drivers (aged 25 and under) by sex and age of vehicle
at time of crash.
7%
6%
%crash fleet QLD
5%
4%
Male
Female
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 16: Queensland crash fleet of younger drivers (aged 25 and under) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet WA
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 17: Western Australian crash fleet of younger drivers (aged 25 and under) by sex and age
of vehicle at time of crash.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 19
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet SA
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 18: South Australian crash fleet of younger drivers (aged 25 and under) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet NZ
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 19: New Zealand crash fleet of younger drivers (aged 25 and under) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
20 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
10%
9%
8%
%crash fleet NSW
7%
6%
Male
Female
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 20: New South Welsh crash fleet of middle-aged drivers (aged 26-59) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
10%
9%
8%
%crash fleet VIC
7%
6%
Male
Female
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 21: Victorian crash fleet of middle-aged drivers (aged 26-59) by sex and age of vehicle at
time of crash.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 21
10%
9%
8%
%crash fleet QLD
7%
6%
Male
Female
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 22: Queensland crash fleet of middle-aged drivers (aged 26-59) by sex and age of vehicle
at time of crash.
10%
9%
8%
%crash fleet WA
7%
6%
Male
Female
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 23: Western Australian crash fleet of middle-aged drivers (aged 26-59) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
22 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet SA
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 24: South Australian crash fleet of middle-aged drivers (aged 26-59) by sex and age of
vehicle at time of crash.
10%
9%
8%
%crash fleet NZ
7%
6%
Male
Female
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 25: New Zealand crash fleet of middle-aged drivers (aged 26-59) by sex and age of vehicle
at time of crash.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 23
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet NSW
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 26: New South Welsh crash fleet of older drivers (aged 60 plus) by sex and age of vehicle
at time of crash.
8%
7%
6%
%crash fleet VIC
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 27: Victorian crash fleet of older drivers (aged 60 plus) by sex and age of vehicle at time of
crash.
24 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
8%
7%
6%
%crash fleet QLD
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 28: Queensland crash fleet of older drivers (aged 60 plus) by sex and age of vehicle at time
of crash.
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet WA
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 29: Western Australian crash fleet of older drivers (aged 60 plus) by sex and age of vehicle
at time of crash.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 25
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet SA
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 30: South Australian crash fleet of older drivers (aged 60 plus) by sex and age of vehicle at
time of crash.
9%
8%
7%
%crash fleet NZ
6%
5%
Male
Female
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
Vehicle age at time of crash
Figure 31: New Zealand crash fleet of older drivers (aged 60 plus) by sex and age of vehicle at
time of crash.
26 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Crashworthiness
40%
35%
30%
%crash fleet
25%
quintile
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 32: Comparison of distribution of the six jurisdictions’ crash fleets according to the
estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing vehicles in terms of
crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
40%
35%
%crash fleet driver 25 and under
30%
25%
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 27
Figure 33: Comparison of distribution of the six jurisdictions’ crash fleets of drivers aged 25 and
under according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing
vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
Figure 33 compares the six jurisdictions’ crash fleets for young drivers according to
the distribution of these fleets over the crashworthiness quintiles. Note that the
quintiles are those defined for the whole fleet, as described in Table 2. The Victorian
fleet for young drivers is clearly the best performing in terms of crashworthiness, with
the highest proportion of vehicles in Quintile 1 and by far the lowest in Quintile 5.
NSW has the next best performing fleet, followed by Queensland, South Australia.
Western Australia has about 35% of the young drivers’ crash fleet in the poorest
performing quintile. Once again, New Zealand has by far the least safe fleet,
approximately 40% of which are the poorest rated vehicles, and only about 3%
consisting of the best performing vehicles.
35%
30%
%crash fleet driver 26-59
25%
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 34: Comparison of distribution of the six jurisdictions’ crash fleets of middle-aged drivers
(aged 26 to 59) according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
Generally, vehicles of drivers in the age group 26-59 have relatively good
crashworthiness, as shown by a distribution sloping downwards from left to right,
with larger proportions of the best performing vehicles and smaller proportions of the
poorly performing vehicles. Exceptions are the South Australian fleet, Queensland
and the Western Australian fleets, which are relatively flat, and the New Zealand fleet
whose distribution slopes upwards from left to right.
28 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
35%
30%
%crash fleet driver 60 plus
25%
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 35: Comparison of distribution of the six jurisdictions’ crash fleets of older drivers (aged
60 plus) according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
The jurisdictions’ crash fleets of older drivers shown in Figure 35 have
crashworthiness distributions that follow a similar relativity to the other age groups,
with the Victorian fleet the best performing, followed by NSW, then the other three
Australian states, and New Zealand with the poorest performing fleet.
The following figures show comparisons of the crashworthiness performance of
different driver age groups within each jurisdiction. These all show quite similar
patterns, with the best performing fleet driven by the middle driver age groups, the
worst performing fleet driven by younger drivers, and the older driver fleet
somewhere in between.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 29
35%
30%
%crash fleet NSW
25%
20%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 36: For NSW, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the three driver age groups
according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing
vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
35%
30%
%crash fleet VIC
25%
20%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
Vehicle CWR quintile
30 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
4
5
Figure 37: For Victoria, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the three driver age
groups according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
30%
25%
%crash fleet QLD
20%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 38: For Queensland, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the three driver age
groups according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 31
40%
35%
30%
%crash fleet WA
25%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 39: For Western Australia, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the three
driver age groups according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
35%
30%
%crash fleet SA
25%
20%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
Vehicle CWR quintile
32 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
4
5
Figure 40: For South Australia, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the three driver
age groups according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
45%
40%
35%
%crash fleet NZ
30%
25%
under 26
26-59
60 plus
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 41: For New Zealand, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the three driver age
groups according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 33
40%
35%
%crash fleet male driver
30%
25%
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 42: For male drivers, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the six jurisdictions
according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing
vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
35%
30%
%crash fleet female driver
25%
NSW
VIC
QLD
WA
NZ
SA
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
Vehicle CWR quintile
34 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
4
5
Figure 43: For female drivers, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of the six
jurisdictions according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
30%
25%
%crash fleet NSW
20%
Male
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 44: For NSW, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of male and female drivers
according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing
vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 35
30%
25%
%crash fleet NSW
20%
Male
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 45: For Victoria, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of male and female drivers
according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest performing
vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
30%
25%
%crash fleet QLD
20%
Male
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
Vehicle CWR quintile
36 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
4
5
Figure 46: For Queensland, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of male and female
drivers according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
35%
30%
%crash fleet WA
25%
20%
Male
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 47: For Western Australia, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of male and
female drivers according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 37
30%
25%
%crash fleet SA
20%
Male
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 48: For South Australia, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of male and female
drivers according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
35%
30%
%crash fleet NZ
25%
20%
Male
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Vehicle CWR quintile
Figure 49: For New Zealand, comparison of distribution of the crash fleets of male and female
drivers according to the estimated crashworthiness of the crashed vehicle. The poorest
performing vehicles in terms of crashworthiness are in Quintile 5.
38 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Table 3: Most popular crashed vehicles for each age/sex driver group and jurisdiction. The
number of crashed vehicles (n), estimated vehicle crashworthiness (CWR), market group and
approximate protection rating (crashworthiness tertile – poor/medium/good) are also indicated.
Vehicles are ranked according to popularity with the most popular appearing first.
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
1
2
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
3
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
4
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
5
6
7
8
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
9
10
11
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
12
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
13
14
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
15
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
16
17
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
18
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
19
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
20
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
21
22
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
32
33
34
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
35
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
36
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
37
38
39
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
40
NSW
UPTO 25
Male
rank
make/model
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
FORD FALCON X SERIES
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
FORD FALCON AU
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
CHARADE 93-00
HONDA CIVIC >=96
HONDA CIVIC 92-95
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA CORONA
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
n
CWR
market
group
2128
2123
0.041
0.043
Large
Large
1505
0.043
Large
1149
0.042
Small
1083
1053
1011
970
0.052
0.054
0.041
0.049
Small
Small
Large
Light
850
803
791
0.045
0.052
0.036
Large
Small
Large
717
0.039
Large
668
637
0.039
0.04
Ute
Large
590
0.054
Light
574
570
0.047
0.032
Small
Large
543
0.041
Large
533
0.038
Ute
526
0.04
515
471
0.037
0.042
Large
Small
471
436
401
398
384
370
362
351
334
0.047
0.036
0.042
0.038
0.037
0.043
0.058
0.036
0.038
Small
Small
Small
Large
Large
Small
Light
Small
Small
328
314
278
0.042
0.042
0.039
Small
Small
Ute
278
0.03
Van
270
0.027
Ute
268
266
262
0.071
0.043
0.046
Light
Large
Medium
247
0.07
poor
Medium
Light
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 39
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
41
42
43
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
44
45
46
47
48
49
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
1
2
3
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
4
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
5
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
6
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
7
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
8
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
9
10
11
12
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
13
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
14
15
16
17
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
18
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
27
28
29
30
31
32
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
33
34
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
35
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
36
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
37
NSW
UPTO 25
Female
rank
make/model
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
NISSAN 200SX
CHARADE 88-92
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
FORD COMMERCIALS
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
FORD LASER/MET 90
BMW 3 92-98
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
CHARADE 93-00
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HYUNDAI ACCENT
HONDA CIVIC >=96
TOYOTA ECHO
CHARADE 88-92
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA STARLET
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
DAEWOO LANOS
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
40 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
243
230
224
0.047
0.031
0.059
Small
Sports
Light
223
221
213
213
211
203
0.047
0.042
0.042
0.032
0.034
0.031
Small
Small
1398
1264
925
0.042
0.049
0.054
Small
Light
Small
810
0.047
Small
736
0.054
Light
660
0.041
Large
639
0.056
Light
619
0.052
Small
587
570
512
470
0.04
0.041
0.052
0.042
Large
Large
Small
Small
460
0.071
Light
447
430
424
413
0.039
0.042
0.058
0.042
Large
Small
Light
Small
401
0.047
Small
368
361
306
305
304
302
301
300
0.042
0.038
0.044
0.036
0.064
0.059
0.036
0.048
Medium
Large
Light
Small
Light
Light
Large
Light
299
272
270
264
258
246
0.033
0.046
0.028
0.032
0.032
0.039
Large
Light
Small
Small
Large
Small
244
237
0.042
0.041
Small
Large
236
0.042
Small
228
0.071
Light
228
0.03
Large
Small
Medium
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
46
47
48
49
50
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
1
2
3
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
4
5
6
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
7
NSW
26-59
Male
8
9
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
10
NSW
26-59
Male
11
NSW
26-59
Male
12
NSW
26-59
Male
13
14
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
15
16
17
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
18
19
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
20
NSW
26-59
Male
21
22
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
23
24
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
25
26
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
27
28
29
30
31
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
32
33
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
rank
make/model
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HONDA CIVIC 92-95
DAEWOO CIELO
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
MAZDA 121 94-96
HOLDEN BARINA XC
FORD LASER/MET 90
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
MAZDA 323 95-98
TOYOTA CORONA
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD FALCON AU
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
FORD FALCON X SERIES
FORD FALCON BA
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD COMMERCIALS
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
90-95
TOYOTA COMMERCIALS
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
HOLDEN RODEO 99-02
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
n
CWR
market
group
199
185
183
175
175
164
163
157
0.054
0.04
0.038
0.049
0.036
0.044
0.046
0.034
Light
Large
Small
Light
Small
Light
Light
154
150
147
146
145
0.045
0.033
0.043
0.041
0.046
Large
Large
Small
Small
Medium
4636
4556
3915
0.038
0.038
0.044
Large
Large
Large
2633
2110
1957
0.041
0.041
0.038
Large
Large
Large
1865
0.044
Medium
1680
1634
0.041
0.036
Large
Large
1633
0.037
Large
1258
0.03
Van
1200
0.03
Large
1180
1139
0.038
0.049
Ute
Light
1123
1062
1046
0.044
0.04
0.038
Large
Large
Large
942
825
0.047
0.054
Small
Small
815
0.048
Small
808
794
0.027
0.04
Ute
Large
788
712
0.046
0.042
Small
653
611
0.039
0.052
Ute
Small
610
556
537
531
520
0.043
0.042
0.029
0.03
0.042
Van
Small
Ute
Small
481
475
0.045
0.039
Large
Ute
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 41
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
34
35
36
37
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
38
NSW
26-59
Male
39
40
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
41
42
43
44
45
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
46
47
48
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
49
50
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
1
NSW
26-59
Female
2
3
4
5
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
6
NSW
26-59
Female
7
8
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
9
10
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
11
NSW
26-59
Female
12
NSW
26-59
Female
13
14
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
15
16
17
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
18
19
20
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
21
NSW
26-59
Female
22
23
24
25
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
26
27
28
29
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
TOYOTA CORONA
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
FORD FALCON UTE AU
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
BMW 3 92-98
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
BMW 3 99-04
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
99-03
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
ISUZU NPR SERIES
MITSUBISHI STARWAGON
87-94
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
FORD FALCON EF/EL
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD FALCON AU
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
TOYOTA ECHO
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
42 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
456
443
437
430
0.046
0.042
0.024
0.041
Medium
Ute
Ute
430
0.046
Small
428
418
0.054
0.031
Light
Medium
413
409
407
401
395
0.056
0.023
0.039
0.042
0.039
Light
Medium
Small
Small
Small
393
391
388
0.024
0.043
0.039
Medium
Small
382
372
0.047
0.043
People
Mover
Large
2717
0.038
Large
2037
1807
1657
1629
0.04
0.039
0.037
0.057
Large
Large
Large
Light
1597
0.037
Medium
1495
1301
0.048
0.041
Small
Large
1284
1244
0.042
0.038
Small
Large
1231
0.03
Large
1160
0.048
Small
1115
1016
0.039
0.036
Large
Large
990
920
805
0.039
0.048
0.054
Large
Small
Small
795
770
689
0.057
0.046
0.042
Light
Small
Small
622
0.054
Light
619
603
594
576
0.042
0.035
0.032
0.042
Small
Large
Small
Small
542
540
489
482
0.03
0.042
0.041
0.054
Large
Small
Light
Small
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
30
31
32
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
33
NSW
26-59
Female
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
41
NSW
26-59
Female
42
43
44
NSW
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
45
46
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
47
48
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
49
50
NSW
NSW
26-59
26-59
1
NSW
2
NSW
3
NSW
4
NSW
5
NSW
6
NSW
7
NSW
8
NSW
9
NSW
10
NSW
11
NSW
12
NSW
13
NSW
14
NSW
15
NSW
16
NSW
17
NSW
18
NSW
19
20
NSW
NSW
rank
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
make/model
n
CWR
market
group
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HYUNDAI ACCENT
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
446
444
394
0.039
0.04
0.048
Small
Large
Light
393
0.054
379
378
366
356
349
339
333
0.042
0.032
0.031
0.036
0.041
0.043
0.037
333
0.024
Medium
317
311
302
0.033
0.052
0.058
Medium
Light
Light
297
281
0.035
0.023
Medium
Medium
276
272
0.047
0.028
Small
Large
Female
Female
TOYOTA TARAGO 91-99
HOLDEN VECTRA
BMW 3 92-98
HONDA CIVIC >=96
MAZDA 323 95-98
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
FORD FALCON BA
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
99-03
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
TOYOTA STARLET
CHARADE 93-00
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
BMW 3 99-04
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
TOYOTA CAMRY XK36
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF 99 on
Light
People
Mover
Medium
Medium
Small
Small
Small
Large
271
269
0.041
0.042
Small
Small
Male
FORD FALCON EF/EL
704
0.043
Large
Male
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
618
0.038
Large
Male
612
0.04
Large
560
0.038
Large
526
0.037
Large
505
0.039
Large
Male
FORD FALCON AU
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
494
0.037
Medium
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
444
0.04
Large
Male
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
382
0.036
Large
327
0.042
Small
318
0.04
Large
308
0.03
Large
285
0.033
Large
Male
FORD FALCON X SERIES
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
262
0.043
Small
Male
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
209
0.054
Small
Male
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
188
0.038
Large
Male
188
0.049
Light
Male
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
171
0.042
Small
Male
Male
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
154
148
0.043
0.042
Large
Small
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 43
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
21
NSW
22
NSW
23
NSW
24
NSW
25
NSW
26
NSW
27
NSW
28
NSW
29
NSW
30
NSW
31
NSW
32
NSW
33
NSW
34
NSW
35
NSW
36
NSW
37
NSW
38
NSW
39
NSW
40
NSW
41
NSW
42
NSW
43
NSW
44
NSW
45
NSW
46
NSW
47
NSW
48
NSW
49
NSW
50
NSW
1
NSW
2
NSW
3
NSW
4
NSW
5
NSW
driver age
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
Male
make/model
n
CWR
market
group
145
0.042
Small
Male
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
144
0.038
Ute
Male
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
126
0.042
Small
Male
118
0.043
Small
115
0.03
Large
Male
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
114
0.045
Large
Male
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
113
0.052
Small
Male
111
0.046
Medium
Male
TOYOTA CORONA
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
102
0.042
Small
Male
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
101
0.032
Small
Male
100
0.032
Large
96
0.056
Light
Male
FORD FALCON BA
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
99-03
95
0.024
Medium
Male
TOYOTA CAMRY XK36
93
0.037
Large
Male
FORD COMMERCIALS
91
0.042
Male
TOYOTA AVALON XH10
91
0.028
Large
Male
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
88
0.04
Small
Male
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
86
0.029
Luxury
Male
80
0.045
Medium
Male
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
80
0.047
Small
Male
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
79
0.039
Ute
Male
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
79
0.039
Small
79
0.033
Medium
78
0.044
Light
77
0.035
Medium
76
0.03
Van
Male
HYUNDAI ACCENT
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
95-98
75
0.03
Medium
Male
SUBARU 1800/LEONE
74
0.045
Medium
Male
HOLDEN VECTRA
STATESMAN/CAPRICE 9498
73
0.026
Medium
71
0.037
Large
410
0.049
Small
330
0.047
Small
261
0.043
Large
233
0.03
Large
226
0.032
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
44 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Medium
poor
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
driver age
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
Female
make/model
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
Female
6
NSW
7
NSW
8
NSW
9
NSW
10
NSW
11
NSW
12
NSW
13
NSW
14
NSW
15
NSW
16
NSW
17
NSW
18
NSW
19
NSW
20
NSW
21
NSW
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
1
VIC
UPTO 25
Male
2
3
4
5
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
6
7
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
8
VIC
UPTO 25
Male
9
VIC
UPTO 25
Male
10
VIC
UPTO 25
Male
11
12
13
14
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
15
16
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
17
18
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
19
VIC
UPTO 25
Male
20
21
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
22
23
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
n
CWR
market
group
199
0.032
Large
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
185
0.046
Small
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
183
0.057
Light
Female
FORD FALCON EF/EL
162
0.03
Large
Female
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
159
0.042
Small
152
0.037
Large
151
0.056
Light
Female
Female
Female
150
0.054
Small
147
0.042
Small
Female
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
134
0.03
Large
Female
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
128
0.039
Large
Female
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
121
0.032
Small
Female
110
0.042
Small
107
0.038
Large
Female
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
107
0.038
Small
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
106
0.054
Small
378
0.039
Large
360
318
248
219
0.037
0.039
0.037
0.037
Large
Large
Large
Large
124
118
0.042
0.036
Small
Large
92
0.039
Ute
90
0.039
Large
88
0.03
Large
78
74
72
72
0.038
0.04
0.033
0.049
Ute
Large
Large
Light
62
59
0.045
0.03
Large
Large
59
53
0.039
0.029
Large
Large
52
0.043
Small
50
49
0.027
0.039
Ute
46
43
0.037
0.029
Medium
4WDL
Female
Female
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
FORD FALCON AU
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
FORD FALCON X SERIES
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
FORD FALCON BA
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 90-
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 45
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
24
VIC
UPTO 25
Male
1
2
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
3
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
4
5
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
6
7
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
8
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
9
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
10
11
12
VIC
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
22
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
23
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
24
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
25
26
27
VIC
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
28
29
VIC
VIC
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
30
VIC
UPTO 25
Female
1
VIC
26-59
Male
2
3
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
4
5
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
6
7
8
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
9
10
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
11
12
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
rank
make/model
97
FORD FALCON UTE AU
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
HYUNDAI ACCENT
DAEWOO LANOS
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
TOYOTA ECHO
FORD FALCON AU
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
FORD FALCON AU
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
FORD FALCON BA
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
46 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
42
0.024
Ute
261
257
0.042
0.049
Small
Light
166
0.039
Large
139
125
0.038
0.029
Large
Small
111
106
0.056
0.039
Light
Large
87
0.048
Small
85
0.033
Large
81
77
75
0.042
0.03
0.054
Small
Large
Small
75
68
65
65
64
62
60
59
59
0.054
0.032
0.042
0.044
0.046
0.042
0.041
0.027
0.036
Light
Small
Small
Light
Light
Small
Light
Large
Large
58
0.054
Light
58
0.03
Large
50
0.037
Medium
49
49
47
0.047
0.028
0.039
Small
Small
Small
47
46
0.038
0.035
Large
Large
44
0.035
Small
1320
0.03
Large
1203
780
0.03
0.035
Large
Large
516
403
0.038
0.03
Large
Large
384
348
320
0.03
0.039
0.03
Large
Large
Large
305
304
0.03
0.036
Large
Large
272
260
0.03
0.038
Van
Ute
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
13
VIC
26-59
Male
14
VIC
26-59
Male
15
16
17
18
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
19
VIC
26-59
Male
20
VIC
26-59
Male
21
22
23
24
25
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
26
27
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
28
29
30
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
31
32
33
34
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
35
36
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
37
38
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
39
40
41
42
43
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
44
45
46
47
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
48
49
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
50
VIC
26-59
Male
1
2
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
3
VIC
26-59
Female
4
5
6
7
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
89-97
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
FORD FALCON UTE AU
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
NISSAN PATROL 98 on
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD COMMERCIALS
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
HOLDEN RODEO 99-02
ISUZU NPR SERIES
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
MITSUBISHI COMMERCIALS
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
LAND ROVER DISCOVERY
to 2002
TOYOTA AVALON XH10
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
90-95
BMW 3 92-98
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN RODEO 96-98
HOLDEN VECTRA
BMW 3 99-04
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ UTE
HONDA CR-V 97-01
MITSUBISHI PAJERO >=92
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
HOLDEN
STATESMAN/CAPRICE WH
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
99-03
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
n
CWR
market
group
242
0.029
4WDL
238
0.033
Large
214
202
191
183
0.032
0.024
0.039
0.033
Medium
Ute
Large
173
0.025
4WDL
164
0.027
Ute
158
156
152
147
147
0.039
0.026
0.04
0.049
0.03
Large
4WDL
Large
Light
4WDL
146
141
0.042
0.039
Small
137
136
115
0.039
0.03
0.039
Ute
Ute
104
102
102
99
0.043
0.039
0.039
0.039
Small
Ute
Small
93
90
0.021
0.026
4WDM
Large
89
81
0.043
0.031
Van
Medium
79
77
77
76
75
0.052
0.032
0.026
0.023
0.029
Small
Ute
Medium
Medium
Luxury
73
70
70
70
0.025
0.021
0.025
0.039
Ute
4WDC
4WDM
Small
69
68
0.019
0.032
Luxury
Small
68
0.024
Medium
849
609
0.03
0.037
Large
Large
518
0.032
Large
414
406
346
340
0.03
0.03
0.029
0.039
Large
Large
Large
Large
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 47
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
8
9
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
10
VIC
26-59
Female
11
12
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
13
14
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
15
VIC
26-59
Female
16
VIC
26-59
Female
17
VIC
26-59
Female
18
19
20
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
36
37
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
38
39
40
41
42
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
43
VIC
26-59
Female
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
VIC
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
make/model
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
FORD FALCON BA
TOYOTA ECHO
HOLDEN VECTRA
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
HONDA CIVIC >=96
HONDA CR-V 97-01
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
BMW 3 92-98
DAEWOO LANOS
HYUNDAI ACCENT
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
MAZDA 323 95-98
MITSUBISHI PAJERO >=92
NISSAN PATROL 98 on
BMW 3 99-04
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
99-03
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
DAEWOO NUBIRA
MAZDA 626/MX6 98-02
FORD FALCON X SERIES
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA RAV4 94-00
1
VIC
Male
2
VIC
Male
3
VIC
rank
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
Male
n
CWR
market
group
333
331
0.033
0.049
Large
Light
324
0.042
Small
294
249
0.032
0.029
Medium
Small
248
245
0.042
0.036
Small
Large
192
0.043
Small
175
0.056
Light
173
0.039
Large
162
160
141
0.027
0.032
0.048
Large
Small
Small
139
137
123
116
108
104
101
0.042
0.033
0.042
0.035
0.041
0.026
0.046
Small
Large
Small
Large
Light
Medium
Small
101
100
100
99
99
97
96
96
0.029
0.036
0.021
0.042
0.039
0.031
0.046
0.044
4WDL
Small
4WDC
Small
Small
Medium
Light
Light
96
83
0.025
0.043
4WDL
Small
81
81
81
77
76
0.064
0.041
0.025
0.021
0.023
Light
Small
4WDM
4WDL
Medium
75
0.035
Medium
75
73
69
69
68
68
68
0.024
0.027
0.035
0.031
0.04
0.043
0.03
Medium
4WDL
Small
Medium
Large
Large
4WDC
FORD FALCON AU
201
0.028
Large
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
192
0.03
Large
147
0.029
Large
48 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
poor
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
4
VIC
5
VIC
6
VIC
7
VIC
8
VIC
9
VIC
10
VIC
11
VIC
12
VIC
13
VIC
14
VIC
1
VIC
2
VIC
3
VIC
4
VIC
5
driver age
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
Male
make/model
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
n
CWR
market
group
115
0.032
Large
106
0.035
Large
Male
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
101
0.032
Medium
Male
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
96
0.036
Large
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
94
0.039
Large
84
0.033
Large
82
0.03
Large
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
58
0.033
Large
57
0.038
Large
43
0.028
Large
Male
FORD FALCON BA
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
41
0.043
Small
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
73
0.042
Small
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
61
0.047
Light
Female
58
0.029
Large
55
0.043
Small
54
0.03
Large
1420
0.039
Large
1067
712
0.032
0.04
Large
Large
596
0.045
Large
553
490
457
0.029
0.036
0.035
Large
Large
Large
440
439
0.039
0.054
Ute
Small
386
0.038
Ute
351
0.039
Large
301
0.043
Small
266
252
249
237
216
178
0.042
0.052
0.039
0.054
0.027
0.033
Small
Small
Ute
Light
Large
Large
173
0.054
Light
170
0.037
Medium
166
0.047
Small
158
144
0.027
0.046
Ute
Medium
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
VIC
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
Female
FORD FALCON EF/EL
1
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
2
3
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
4
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
5
6
7
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
8
9
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
10
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
11
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
12
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
13
14
15
16
17
18
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
19
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
20
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
21
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
22
23
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
FORD FALCON AU
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
TOYOTA CORONA
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 49
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
24
25
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
26
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
27
28
29
30
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
31
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
32
33
34
35
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
36
37
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
45
QLD
UPTO 25
Male
46
47
48
49
50
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
1
2
3
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
4
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
5
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
6
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
7
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
8
9
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
10
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
11
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
12
13
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
14
15
16
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
17
18
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
rank
make/model
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
FORD COMMERCIALS
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
HOLDEN COMMODORE
UTE VU
HOLDEN RODEO 99-02
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
FORD FALCON UTE AU
FORD LASER/MET 90
TOYOTA COROLLA 82-84
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
MITSUBISHI COMMERCIALS
NISSAN BLUEBIRD <=88
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
DAEWOO LANOS
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
50 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
138
137
0.056
0.042
Light
Small
137
0.037
Large
137
133
132
127
0.037
0.042
0.042
0.041
Large
Small
125
0.029
4WDL
116
111
110
108
0.042
0.043
0.029
0.042
Large
Large
105
97
0.041
0.036
Small
Small
95
95
95
94
89
89
87
0.031
0.03
0.045
0.024
0.034
0.051
0.032
Ute
Ute
Medium
Ute
Small
Small
85
0.042
Small
82
82
81
81
80
0.049
0.043
0.039
0.051
0.029
Light
Small
527
455
400
0.054
0.049
0.039
Small
Light
Large
386
0.056
Light
356
0.043
Small
323
0.042
Small
316
0.032
Large
299
280
0.054
0.052
Light
Small
263
0.029
Large
254
0.039
Large
210
187
0.047
0.03
Small
Large
181
178
174
0.049
0.036
0.046
Light
Large
Light
171
168
0.042
0.042
Small
Small
Ute
Medium
Small
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
19
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
20
21
22
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
23
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
24
25
26
27
28
29
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
30
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
42
43
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
44
45
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
46
QLD
UPTO 25
Female
47
48
49
50
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
1
2
3
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
4
5
6
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
7
8
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
9
10
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
11
12
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
13
QLD
26-59
Male
14
15
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
rank
make/model
FORD FALCON X SERIES
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
TOYOTA ECHO
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
FORD FALCON AU
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
DAEWOO CIELO
TOYOTA STARLET
MAZDA 121 94-96
FORD LASER/MET 90
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
TOYOTA COROLLA 82-84
HYUNDAI ACCENT
CHARADE 93-00
CHARADE 88-92
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
83-86
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD FALCON AU
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
FORD FALCON X SERIES
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
FORD COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
HOLDEN COMMODORE
n
CWR
market
group
166
0.04
Large
165
159
148
0.06
0.042
0.029
Light
Small
Small
144
0.037
Medium
138
123
121
120
117
115
0.045
0.034
0.041
0.054
0.032
0.027
Large
Small
Light
Light
Small
Large
111
0.041
Small
104
100
99
91
89
88
86
84
80
79
77
0.033
0.039
0.049
0.048
0.044
0.034
0.036
0.051
0.044
0.058
0.059
Large
Small
Light
Light
Light
76
76
0.039
0.045
Ute
Medium
74
72
0.042
0.043
Large
71
0.032
Small
70
69
69
68
0.042
0.033
0.029
0.043
Medium
Large
Large
Small
1695
1527
1266
0.029
0.027
0.03
Large
Large
Large
1076
991
918
0.032
0.039
0.04
Large
Large
Large
872
777
0.038
0.036
Ute
Large
585
447
0.027
0.029
Ute
Large
447
413
0.044
0.042
Large
412
0.03
Large
397
385
0.037
0.023
poor
Small
Small
Light
Light
Light
Medium
Large
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 51
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
23
24
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
25
QLD
26-59
Male
26
27
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
28
QLD
26-59
Male
29
30
31
32
33
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
34
QLD
26-59
Male
35
QLD
26-59
Male
36
37
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
38
39
40
41
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
42
43
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
44
45
46
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
47
QLD
26-59
Male
48
49
50
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
1
QLD
26-59
Female
2
3
4
5
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
6
QLD
26-59
Female
7
8
9
10
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
VY/VZ
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
FORD FALCON BA
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
FORD FALCON UTE AU
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
HOLDEN RODEO 99-02
HOLDEN RODEO 96-98
MITSUBISHI COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
TOYOTA CORONA
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ UTE
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
90-95
MAZDA BRAVO / FORD
COURIER 98-02
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
NISSAN NAVARA 97-05
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
52 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
356
351
334
323
311
309
308
0.039
0.033
0.039
0.023
0.042
0.054
0.041
Ute
Large
Ute
Large
Small
Ute
293
289
0.045
0.024
Large
Ute
285
0.03
271
261
0.029
0.049
4WDL
Light
261
0.033
Large
256
251
230
229
186
0.043
0.03
0.032
0.042
0.043
Small
Ute
Ute
173
0.042
Small
172
0.056
Light
161
157
0.025
0.042
4WDL
Small
153
153
147
146
0.042
0.046
0.052
0.039
Small
Medium
Small
Small
142
141
0.054
0.029
Light
Luxury
139
138
132
0.025
0.029
0.032
Ute
Small
Small
132
0.043
Van
131
130
126
0.029
0.028
0.022
Ute
Small
Ute
1153
0.029
Large
954
885
839
626
0.032
0.03
0.039
0.027
Large
Large
Large
Large
601
0.039
Large
580
574
573
538
0.037
0.036
0.049
0.029
Medium
Large
Light
Large
Van
Large
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
11
QLD
26-59
Female
12
QLD
26-59
Female
13
QLD
26-59
Female
14
15
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
16
QLD
26-59
Female
17
18
19
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
20
21
22
23
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
31
QLD
26-59
Female
32
QLD
26-59
Female
33
QLD
26-59
Female
34
35
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
36
QLD
26-59
Female
37
QLD
26-59
Female
38
QLD
26-59
Female
39
40
41
42
43
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
44
45
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
46
47
48
49
50
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
QLD
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
FORD FALCON X SERIES
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
DAEWOO LANOS
TOYOTA ECHO
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
DAEWOO NUBIRA
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
FORD FALCON BA
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
DAEWOO CIELO
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
TOYOTA CORONA
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
MAZDA 121 94-96
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
1
QLD
Male
2
QLD
Male
3
QLD
4
QLD
rank
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
Male
Male
make/model
n
CWR
market
group
503
0.04
Large
473
0.043
Small
443
0.056
Light
415
410
0.033
0.054
Large
Small
408
0.03
Large
398
362
346
0.042
0.035
0.029
Small
Large
Small
341
295
285
283
0.042
0.042
0.032
0.028
Small
Small
Small
Small
270
246
231
189
187
184
182
0.054
0.042
0.039
0.052
0.043
0.046
0.041
Light
Small
Small
Small
Large
Light
Light
180
0.023
Large
172
0.032
Small
161
0.045
Large
155
154
0.035
0.035
Medium
Small
154
0.049
Light
150
0.047
Small
140
0.071
Light
140
138
136
136
132
0.038
0.043
0.023
0.036
0.049
Ute
Small
Large
Small
Light
123
122
0.033
0.046
Medium
Medium
120
119
117
111
109
0.041
0.044
0.054
0.029
0.039
Small
Light
Light
Luxury
Small
FORD FALCON EF/EL
349
0.03
Large
FORD FALCON AU
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
298
0.027
Large
223
0.032
Large
218
0.039
Large
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 53
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
5
QLD
6
QLD
7
QLD
8
QLD
9
QLD
10
QLD
11
QLD
12
QLD
13
QLD
14
QLD
15
QLD
16
QLD
17
QLD
18
QLD
19
QLD
20
QLD
21
QLD
22
QLD
23
QLD
24
QLD
25
QLD
26
QLD
27
QLD
28
QLD
29
QLD
30
QLD
31
QLD
32
QLD
33
QLD
34
QLD
35
QLD
1
QLD
2
QLD
3
QLD
4
5
QLD
QLD
driver age
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
driver
sex
Male
make/model
n
CWR
market
group
196
0.029
Large
Male
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
172
0.029
Large
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
167
0.039
Large
Male
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
165
0.036
Large
Male
FORD FALCON X SERIES
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
160
0.04
Large
160
0.037
Medium
139
0.038
Ute
110
0.033
Large
100
0.033
Large
96
0.043
Small
Male
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
90
0.03
Large
Male
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
76
0.054
Small
Male
72
0.043
Large
Male
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
67
0.042
Small
Male
FORD COMMERCIALS
66
0.041
Male
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
62
0.039
Small
Male
58
0.042
Small
57
0.056
Light
Male
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
55
0.027
Ute
Male
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
52
0.032
Small
Male
52
0.041
Male
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
50
0.042
Small
Male
TOYOTA CORONA
47
0.046
Medium
Male
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
46
0.039
Ute
Male
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
45
0.049
Light
Male
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
45
0.045
Medium
Male
FORD FALCON BA
44
0.023
Large
Male
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
42
0.029
Luxury
Male
42
0.041
Ute
Male
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
42
0.033
Medium
Male
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
41
0.028
Small
145
0.039
Large
139
0.043
Small
104
0.042
Small
95
95
0.032
0.029
Large
Large
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
54 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
poor
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
driver age
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
make/model
Female
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
6
QLD
7
QLD
8
QLD
9
QLD
10
QLD
11
QLD
12
QLD
13
QLD
14
QLD
15
QLD
16
QLD
17
QLD
18
QLD
19
QLD
20
QLD
21
QLD
22
QLD
23
QLD
24
QLD
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
1
2
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
3
WA
UPTO 25
Male
4
WA
UPTO 25
Male
5
6
7
8
9
10
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
11
WA
UPTO 25
Male
12
13
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
14
WA
UPTO 25
Male
15
WA
UPTO 25
Male
16
WA
UPTO 25
Male
17
18
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Female
n
CWR
93
0.032
market
group
Medium
91
0.03
Large
Female
FORD FALCON EF/EL
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
91
0.056
Light
Female
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
84
0.039
Large
Female
71
0.054
Small
Female
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
67
0.029
Large
Female
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
66
0.036
Large
Female
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
63
0.039
Small
Female
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
61
0.032
Small
Female
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
55
0.042
Small
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
55
0.028
Small
Female
54
0.049
Light
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
53
0.033
Large
Female
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
51
0.042
Small
Female
50
0.027
Large
49
0.06
Light
49
0.035
Medium
Female
FORD FALCON AU
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
45
0.042
Small
Female
FORD FALCON X SERIES
41
0.04
Large
1917
1690
0.045
0.039
Large
Large
1688
0.032
Large
1054
0.029
Large
919
918
906
648
604
576
0.042
0.03
0.036
0.04
0.054
0.049
Small
Large
Large
Large
Small
Light
546
0.038
Ute
477
465
0.04
0.033
Medium
Large
458
0.033
Large
417
0.039
Ute
416
0.03
Large
385
373
0.043
0.027
Small
Large
Female
Female
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD FALCON EF/EL
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
FORD FALCON X SERIES
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
FORD FALCON AU
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 55
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
19
WA
UPTO 25
Male
20
WA
UPTO 25
Male
21
22
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
23
24
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
25
26
27
28
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
29
WA
UPTO 25
Male
30
31
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
32
WA
UPTO 25
Male
33
34
35
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
36
37
38
39
40
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
41
WA
UPTO 25
Male
42
43
44
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
45
46
47
48
49
50
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
1
WA
UPTO 25
Female
2
3
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
4
WA
UPTO 25
Female
5
WA
UPTO 25
Female
6
7
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
8
WA
UPTO 25
Female
9
10
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
11
WA
UPTO 25
Female
12
13
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
rank
make/model
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
TOYOTA CORONA
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
NISSAN SKYLINE
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
<=89
HOLDEN COMMODORE
UTE VU
HYUNDAI ACCENT
HONDA CIVIC >=96
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 82-84
MITSUBISHI COLT
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR /
ASTRA 82-86
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HONDA CIVIC 92-95
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
HOLDEN CAMIRA
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
FORD COMMERCIALS
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
56 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
346
0.043
Large
328
0.054
Light
314
298
0.039
0.052
Large
Small
292
286
0.029
0.054
4WDL
Light
282
272
233
233
0.047
0.046
0.042
0.043
Small
Medium
Small
Large
230
0.042
Small
225
222
0.027
0.039
Ute
Ute
222
0.04
4WDL
206
205
203
0.031
0.044
0.036
Ute
Light
Small
203
201
190
189
187
0.041
0.026
0.042
0.051
0.056
Small
4WDL
Small
Small
Light
183
0.056
Light
177
175
173
0.057
0.029
0.038
Small
Large
Small
167
165
160
160
160
157
0.023
0.045
0.051
0.041
0.043
0.039
Large
Medium
Medium
Ute
Small
1554
0.064
Light
1472
848
0.042
0.054
Small
Small
688
0.054
Light
653
0.043
Small
603
589
0.056
0.054
Light
Light
493
0.045
Large
488
484
0.032
0.039
Large
Large
473
0.042
Small
455
434
0.029
0.042
Large
Small
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
14
15
16
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
17
18
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
19
WA
UPTO 25
Female
20
21
22
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
23
24
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
25
26
27
28
29
30
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
31
WA
UPTO 25
Female
32
33
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
34
35
36
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
46
47
48
49
50
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
1
2
3
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
4
WA
26-59
Male
5
WA
26-59
Male
6
7
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
8
9
10
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
rank
make/model
HYUNDAI ACCENT
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
FORD FALCON EF/EL
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
DAEWOO LANOS
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
TOYOTA ECHO
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
MITSUBISHI COLT
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
CHARADE 93-00
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
CHARADE 88-92
TOYOTA COROLLA 82-84
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR /
ASTRA 82-86
TOYOTA CORONA
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
TOYOTA STARLET
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
FORD FALCON AU
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
HONDA CIVIC >=96
FORD LASER/MET 90
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
FORD FALCON EF/EL
FORD FALCON AU
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
n
CWR
market
group
411
406
376
0.044
0.052
0.029
Light
Small
Small
369
353
0.047
0.03
Small
Large
347
0.04
329
317
316
0.037
0.042
0.046
Large
Small
Light
312
306
0.039
0.036
Large
Large
304
259
258
252
248
243
0.049
0.041
0.043
0.056
0.028
0.039
Light
Light
Large
Light
Small
Small
238
0.071
Light
237
212
0.03
0.058
Large
Light
204
202
186
0.041
0.059
0.051
Small
Light
Small
185
181
176
176
164
163
161
161
160
0.057
0.046
0.036
0.048
0.04
0.039
0.027
0.032
0.029
Small
Medium
Small
Light
Large
Small
Large
Small
Large
160
159
149
144
141
0.032
0.033
0.045
0.036
0.034
Small
Large
Medium
Small
3162
2193
2034
0.029
0.03
0.027
Large
Large
Large
1585
0.037
Large
1282
0.03
Large
1258
1202
0.029
0.036
4WDL
Large
1149
1112
986
0.038
0.039
0.029
Ute
Large
Large
poor
Medium
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 57
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
11
WA
26-59
Male
12
WA
26-59
Male
13
14
15
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
16
WA
26-59
Male
17
WA
26-59
Male
18
19
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
20
WA
26-59
Male
21
WA
26-59
Male
22
23
24
25
26
27
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
28
29
30
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
31
32
33
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
34
35
36
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
37
WA
26-59
Male
38
39
40
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
41
WA
26-59
Male
42
43
44
45
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
46
47
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
48
49
50
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
1
2
3
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
4
WA
26-59
Female
rank
make/model
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
<=89
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
FORD COMMERCIALS
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
FORD FALCON BA
NISSAN PATROL 98 on
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN RODEO 99-02
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
HYUNDAI ACCENT
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
MAZDA BRAVO / FORD
COURIER 98-02
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
TOYOTA CORONA
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
HOLDEN RODEO 96-98
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
FORD FALCON UTE AU
HOLDEN COMMODORE
UTE VU
MITSUBISHI COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI PAJERO >=92
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
58 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
957
0.023
Large
922
0.025
4WDL
899
876
816
0.04
0.049
0.04
Medium
Light
Large
811
0.045
Large
767
0.033
Large
731
663
0.027
0.033
Ute
Large
653
0.042
Small
637
0.04
4WDL
633
627
627
612
554
499
0.039
0.042
0.026
0.023
0.023
0.054
Large
481
473
442
0.043
0.042
0.043
Large
442
428
426
0.042
0.03
0.041
Small
Ute
Ute
416
405
400
0.03
0.039
0.044
Van
Ute
Light
392
0.039
Ute
354
343
340
0.029
0.028
0.046
Ute
Small
Medium
328
0.054
Light
325
319
315
315
0.032
0.032
0.029
0.054
Small
Ute
Small
Light
313
302
0.056
0.024
Light
Ute
280
278
277
0.031
0.042
0.025
Ute
4WDM
1925
1813
1775
0.029
0.049
0.03
Large
Light
Large
1504
0.041
Large
4WDL
Large
4WDL
Small
Small
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
5
WA
26-59
Female
6
WA
26-59
Female
7
8
9
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
10
WA
26-59
Female
11
12
13
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
14
WA
26-59
Female
15
16
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
17
18
19
20
21
22
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
23
WA
26-59
Female
24
25
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
26
27
28
29
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
30
31
32
33
34
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
35
36
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
37
38
39
40
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
41
42
43
44
45
46
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
47
48
49
50
WA
WA
WA
WA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
make/model
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
FORD FALCON AU
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
HYUNDAI ACCENT
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
DAEWOO LANOS
FORD FALCON X SERIES
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
TOYOTA CORONA
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
TOYOTA ECHO
MAZDA 323 95-98
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
HONDA CR-V 97-01
TOYOTA RAV4 94-00
HONDA CIVIC >=96
FORD FALCON BA
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
DAEWOO NUBIRA
HYUNDAI ELANTRA
1
WA
60 &
Male
FORD FALCON EF/EL
rank
n
CWR
market
group
1242
0.04
Medium
1202
0.03
Large
1145
1121
1069
0.042
0.029
0.027
Small
Large
Large
1042
0.033
Large
1013
1009
945
0.042
0.036
0.039
Small
Large
Large
906
0.039
Large
888
760
0.043
0.028
Small
Small
746
692
668
596
575
555
0.056
0.054
0.029
0.033
0.042
0.044
Light
Small
Small
Large
Small
Light
554
0.045
Large
549
540
0.054
0.042
Light
Small
522
513
493
477
0.029
0.039
0.039
0.054
4WDL
Small
Small
Light
465
450
447
444
425
0.032
0.032
0.043
0.046
0.04
Small
Small
Large
Light
Large
401
390
0.025
0.046
4WDL
Medium
386
336
322
318
0.023
0.041
0.041
0.052
Large
Light
Small
Small
316
315
313
309
307
292
0.049
0.021
0.03
0.036
0.023
0.043
Light
4WDC
4WDC
Small
Large
Small
286
277
275
270
0.047
0.026
0.035
0.036
Small
4WDL
Small
Small
460
0.03
Large
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 59
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
2
WA
3
WA
4
WA
5
WA
6
WA
7
WA
8
WA
9
WA
10
WA
11
WA
12
WA
13
WA
14
WA
15
WA
16
WA
17
WA
18
WA
19
WA
20
WA
21
WA
22
WA
23
WA
24
WA
25
WA
26
WA
27
WA
28
WA
29
WA
30
WA
31
WA
32
WA
33
WA
34
WA
35
WA
36
37
WA
WA
driver age
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
driver
sex
Male
make/model
n
CWR
market
group
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
331
0.027
321
0.04
316
0.037
Large
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
302
0.029
Large
301
0.029
Large
274
0.036
Large
242
0.039
Large
229
0.033
Large
224
0.03
Large
Male
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
220
0.042
Small
Male
FORD FALCON X SERIES
213
0.04
Large
Male
212
0.039
Large
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
205
0.029
4WDL
Male
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
191
0.043
Large
Male
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
190
0.049
Light
Male
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
189
0.033
Large
183
0.038
Ute
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
175
0.026
4WDL
174
0.045
Large
169
0.043
Small
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
<=89
125
0.028
Small
122
0.04
4WDL
116
0.054
Small
114
0.042
Small
Male
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
110
0.025
4WDL
Male
TOYOTA CORONA
106
0.046
Medium
Male
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
100
0.042
Small
Male
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
99
0.054
Light
Male
98
0.021
4WDL
Male
NISSAN PATROL 98 on
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
93
0.056
Light
Male
FORD COMMERCIALS
92
0.041
Male
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
92
0.042
Small
Male
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
90
0.041
Ute
Male
HYUNDAI ACCENT
87
0.044
Light
Male
Male
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
FAIRLANE Z&LTD F
85
83
0.032
0.039
Small
Large
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
60 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Large
Medium
poor
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
38
WA
39
WA
40
WA
41
WA
42
WA
43
WA
44
WA
45
WA
46
WA
47
WA
48
WA
49
WA
50
WA
1
WA
2
WA
3
WA
4
WA
5
WA
6
WA
7
WA
8
WA
9
WA
10
WA
11
WA
12
WA
13
WA
14
WA
15
WA
16
WA
17
WA
18
WA
19
WA
20
WA
21
WA
22
WA
driver age
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
make/model
Male
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
79
0.045
Male
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
76
0.039
Male
76
0.039
Small
75
0.032
Small
Male
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
73
0.054
Light
Male
FORD FALCON BA
71
0.023
Large
Male
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
69
0.039
Small
Male
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
67
0.029
Small
Male
HYUNDAI SONATA <=97
66
0.034
Large
Male
65
0.036
Small
Male
HYUNDAI ELANTRA
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
65
0.027
Ute
Male
TOYOTA CAMRY XK36
65
0.022
Large
Male
HOLDEN CAMIRA
64
0.051
Medium
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
284
0.049
Light
271
0.042
Small
244
0.043
Small
206
0.04
180
0.039
Large
168
0.054
Small
Female
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
160
0.056
Light
Female
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
151
0.029
Large
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
144
0.028
Small
Female
138
0.03
Large
Female
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
134
0.032
Large
Female
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
130
0.042
Small
Female
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
129
0.032
Small
128
0.054
Light
125
0.054
Light
108
0.042
Small
107
0.033
Large
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
106
0.03
Large
Female
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
106
0.042
Small
Female
HYUNDAI ACCENT
103
0.044
Light
Female
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
93
0.043
Large
Female
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
90
0.036
Large
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
n
CWR
market
group
poor
Medium
Medium
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 61
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
23
WA
24
WA
25
WA
26
WA
27
WA
28
WA
29
WA
30
WA
31
WA
32
WA
33
WA
34
WA
35
WA
36
WA
37
WA
38
WA
39
WA
40
WA
41
WA
42
WA
43
WA
44
WA
45
WA
46
WA
47
WA
48
WA
49
WA
50
WA
driver age
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
1
2
NZ
NZ
3
driver
sex
Female
Female
Female
Female
make/model
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
n
CWR
market
group
85
0.047
Small
85
0.032
Small
83
0.029
Large
76
0.027
Large
Female
FORD FALCON AU
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
76
0.045
Large
Female
TOYOTA ECHO
73
0.041
Light
Female
72
0.039
Large
Female
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
66
0.049
Light
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
66
0.052
Small
Female
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
65
0.045
Medium
Female
MAZDA 121 97-98
64
0.04
Light
Female
HONDA CIVIC >=96
63
0.036
Small
Female
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
63
0.039
Small
Female
62
0.043
Small
Female
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
60
0.06
Light
Female
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
58
0.029
Small
Female
TOYOTA CORONA
57
0.046
Medium
Female
56
0.039
Small
Female
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
56
0.035
Medium
Female
DAEWOO LANOS
54
0.046
Light
Female
MAZDA 323 95-98
49
0.041
Small
Female
TOYOTA STARLET
48
0.048
Light
Female
CHARADE 93-00
46
0.058
Light
Female
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
46
0.033
Large
Female
46
0.036
Small
Female
HYUNDAI ELANTRA
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
46
0.041
Small
Female
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
46
0.036
Small
Female
MITSUBISHI COLT
43
0.056
Light
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
545
396
0.057
0.057
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
347
0.043
4
5
6
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
343
316
286
0.057
0.054
0.051
7
8
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
267
252
0.057
0.043
9
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
244
0.057
10
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
MAZDA 323 89
HONDA CIVIC OTHERS
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
OTHERS
MITSUBISHI LANCER
OTHERS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HONDA INTEGRA 89
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
87
NISSAN SKYLINE
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
215
0.045
62 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Large
Large
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
11
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
12
13
14
15
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
16
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
17
18
19
20
21
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
22
23
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
31
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
32
33
34
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
35
36
37
38
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
39
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
40
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
41
42
43
44
45
46
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
47
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
48
NZ
UPTO 25
Male
49
50
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
1
2
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
3
NZ
UPTO 25
Female
4
5
6
7
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
HONDA ACCORD OTHERS
MITSUBISHI GALANT
OTHERS
HONDA PRELUDE OTHERS
TOYOTA COROLLA 85
FORD LASER/MET 90
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
OTHERS
NISSAN MAXIMA OTHERS
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
HONDA PRELUDE 83-91
MITSUBISHI COLT
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
OTHERS
MAZDA 323 90-93
MITSUBISHI
SIGMA/SCORPION
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
NISSAN PINTARA OTHERS
TOYOTA CELICA OTHERS
FORD LASER/MET OTHERS
FORD FALCON OTHERS
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MITSUBISHI STARWAGON
OTHERS
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
TOYOTA CORONA
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
83-86
HONDA ACCORD 86-90
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
NISSAN GAZELLE
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
HONDA CIVIC 88-91
HONDA CIVIC 84-87
NISSAN PATHFINDER <=94
HONDA CIVIC 92-95
HONDA CRX OTHERS
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
TOYOTA STARLET
MAZDA 323 89
HONDA CIVIC OTHERS
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
87
MITSUBISHI LANCER
OTHERS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
TOYOTA COROLLA 85
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
n
CWR
market
group
214
0.052
202
190
183
177
0.057
0.052
0.057
0.057
155
0.035
Medium
154
139
136
129
120
0.057
0.044
0.043
0.042
0.06
Luxury
Small
Sports
Light
119
117
0.067
0.039
Van
111
104
102
95
89
88
81
0.045
0.039
0.045
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.046
Medium
Large
Medium
78
0.039
77
70
68
0.084
0.039
0.046
65
63
61
61
0.045
0.032
0.052
0.055
Sports
59
0.038
Ute
58
0.035
Medium
57
54
51
51
49
46
0.041
0.045
0.057
0.046
0.038
0.071
46
0.047
42
0.032
Large
42
41
0.033
0.071
Light
410
291
0.057
0.057
255
0.057
224
200
159
151
0.057
0.054
0.057
0.057
poor
Luxury
People
Mover
Medium
4WDM
Light
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 63
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
8
9
10
11
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
12
NZ
UPTO 25
Female
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
24
25
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
26
NZ
UPTO 25
Female
27
28
29
NZ
NZ
NZ
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
1
NZ
26-59
Male
2
NZ
26-59
Male
3
NZ
26-59
Male
4
5
6
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
7
NZ
26-59
Male
8
NZ
26-59
Male
9
NZ
26-59
Male
10
11
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
12
13
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
14
15
16
17
18
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
19
NZ
26-59
Male
20
21
22
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
23
NZ
26-59
Male
rank
make/model
82
FORD LASER/MET 90
HONDA ACCORD OTHERS
MITSUBISHI COLT
HONDA INTEGRA 89
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
OTHERS
MITSUBISHI GALANT
OTHERS
HONDA PRELUDE OTHERS
MAZDA 323 90-93
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
HONDA CIVIC 84-87
HONDA PRELUDE 83-91
NISSAN PINTARA OTHERS
NISSAN SKYLINE
HONDA CIVIC 88-91
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
TOYOTA CELICA OTHERS
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
OTHERS
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
NISSAN MAXIMA OTHERS
FORD LASER/MET OTHERS
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
OTHERS
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
OTHERS
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
OTHERS
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
MAZDA 323 89
HONDA ACCORD OTHERS
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
MITSUBISHI GALANT
OTHERS
MITSUBISHI LANCER
OTHERS
NISSAN MAXIMA OTHERS
MITSUBISHI STARWAGON
OTHERS
HONDA CIVIC OTHERS
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
NISSAN PATHFINDER <=94
NISSAN PINTARA OTHERS
FORD FALCON EF/EL
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
87
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA COROLLA 85
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
64 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
137
136
121
110
0.052
0.057
0.06
0.051
Luxury
Light
106
0.044
Medium
91
79
79
75
64
58
56
56
56
49
47
0.052
0.052
0.039
0.039
0.045
0.043
0.057
0.042
0.052
0.043
0.045
46
45
0.035
0.051
Medium
44
0.049
Ute
42
42
41
0.035
0.045
0.057
469
0.052
361
0.067
350
0.043
334
303
267
0.057
0.057
0.052
260
0.029
Large
241
0.038
Ute
240
0.052
224
224
0.057
0.051
219
215
0.084
0.057
208
202
199
198
182
0.045
0.039
0.046
0.057
0.03
180
0.052
179
175
172
0.039
0.027
0.057
168
0.03
Sports
Medium
Small
Sports
Large
Van
People
Mover
Large
Large
4WDM
Large
Large
Van
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
24
25
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
26
27
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
28
NZ
26-59
Male
29
30
31
32
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
33
34
35
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
36
37
38
39
40
41
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
42
NZ
26-59
Male
43
44
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
45
NZ
26-59
Male
46
47
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
48
NZ
26-59
Male
49
50
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
1
NZ
26-59
Female
2
3
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
4
NZ
26-59
Female
5
6
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
7
NZ
26-59
Female
8
9
10
11
12
13
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
14
NZ
26-59
Female
15
16
17
18
19
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
FORD FALCON OTHERS
FORD LASER/MET 90
FORD MONDEO
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
HONDA PRELUDE OTHERS
NISSAN SKYLINE
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
NISSAN NAVARA OTHERS
HOLDEN JACKAROO
HONDA INTEGRA 89
MITSUBISHI PAJERO 91
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
86-88
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
90-95
TOYOTA CORONA
MITSUBISHI
SIGMA/SCORPION
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
OTHERS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
83-86
NISSAN BLUEBIRD NEW
MAZDA 323 89
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
HONDA CIVIC OTHERS
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
87
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
OTHERS
HONDA ACCORD OTHERS
MITSUBISHI LANCER
OTHERS
MITSUBISHI GALANT
OTHERS
TOYOTA COROLLA 85
NISSAN MAXIMA OTHERS
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
NISSAN PINTARA OTHERS
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
FORD LASER/MET 90
HONDA INTEGRA 89
TOYOTA RAV4 94-00
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
n
CWR
market
group
163
160
0.045
0.054
Medium
143
138
0.032
0.034
Large
126
0.023
Large
123
119
117
116
0.035
0.046
0.057
0.04
Medium
115
114
113
0.035
0.052
0.043
110
106
104
104
100
99
0.033
0.051
0.057
0.051
0.052
0.043
99
0.051
99
93
0.043
0.046
Van
Medium
91
0.045
Medium
89
83
0.052
0.047
83
0.037
82
82
0.045
0.031
389
0.057
295
273
0.052
0.057
235
0.057
226
220
0.043
0.057
217
0.057
207
185
160
157
151
134
0.047
0.051
0.044
0.054
0.052
0.045
126
0.029
Large
125
122
117
114
111
0.039
0.057
0.051
0.03
0.039
4WDC
Large
poor
Medium
Sports
Large
Medium
Small
Medium
Luxury
Luxury
Medium
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 65
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
20
NZ
26-59
Female
21
22
23
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
24
25
26
27
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
28
29
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
30
31
32
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
33
34
35
36
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
37
NZ
26-59
Female
38
39
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
40
41
42
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
43
44
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
45
46
47
48
NZ
NZ
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
make/model
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
OTHERS
MAZDA 323 90-93
MITSUBISHI COLT
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
FORD FALCON EF/EL
NISSAN PATHFINDER <=94
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
FORD MONDEO
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
FORD FALCON AU
FORD LASER/MET OTHERS
TOYOTA CORONA
MITSUBISHI NIMBUS
OTHERS
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
BMW 3 92-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HONDA PRELUDE OTHERS
TOYOTA TARAGO 90
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
OTHERS
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
MITSUBISHI
SIGMA/SCORPION
MITSUBISHI PAJERO 91
HONDA ACCORD 86-90
NISSAN SKYLINE
49
50
NZ
NZ
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
1
NZ
Male
2
NZ
3
NZ
4
NZ
5
NZ
6
NZ
7
NZ
8
NZ
9
NZ
10
NZ
11
NZ
12
NZ
rank
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
n
CWR
market
group
109
0.035
109
99
95
0.051
0.039
0.06
94
92
92
91
0.033
0.03
0.034
0.039
Medium
Large
88
87
0.045
0.043
Large
Small
83
83
79
0.035
0.034
0.036
Medium
79
78
78
78
0.038
0.027
0.051
0.046
Ute
Large
77
0.062
Medium
People
Mover
77
76
0.037
0.031
Medium
76
76
76
0.032
0.052
0.039
Large
Sports
72
71
0.059
0.042
Van
Small
70
69
67
67
0.045
0.046
0.032
0.043
Medium
HONDA ODYSSEY 95-99
HOLDEN VECTRA
65
64
0.021
0.034
97
0.052
96
0.051
Male
MAZDA 323 89
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
87
69
0.047
Male
HONDA ACCORD OTHERS
63
0.052
Luxury
Male
HONDA CIVIC OTHERS
MITSUBISHI GALANT
OTHERS
63
0.052
Small
58
0.044
TOYOTA COROLLA 85
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
OTHERS
58
0.051
56
0.051
53
0.044
Male
NISSAN MAXIMA OTHERS
MITSUBISHI LANCER
OTHERS
52
0.057
Male
FORD LASER/MET 90
47
0.057
Male
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
47
0.054
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
66 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Light
Medium
Large
People
Mover
Luxury
poor
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
driver age
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
13
NZ
14
NZ
15
NZ
1
NZ
2
NZ
3
NZ
4
NZ
5
NZ
6
NZ
7
NZ
8
NZ
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
1
SA
2
driver
sex
Male
make/model
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
OTHERS
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
Male
NISSAN PINTARA OTHERS
Female
MAZDA 323 89
MITSUBISHI LANCER
OTHERS
Male
n
CWR
market
group
46
0.067
Van
41
0.029
Large
41
0.051
115
0.057
97
0.057
79
0.057
Female
HONDA CIVIC OTHERS
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
87
69
0.057
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 85
66
0.051
Female
56
0.057
Female
FORD LASER/MET 90
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
82
52
0.057
Female
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
47
0.054
UPTO 25
Male
2438
0.041
Large
SA
UPTO 25
Male
2018
0.038
Large
3
SA
UPTO 25
Male
1072
0.044
Large
4
5
6
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
981
756
648
0.045
0.036
0.037
Large
Large
Large
7
SA
UPTO 25
Male
572
0.042
Small
8
9
10
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
453
390
360
0.04
0.043
0.051
Large
Large
Light
11
SA
UPTO 25
Male
354
0.039
Ute
12
13
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
340
328
0.039
0.054
Large
Small
14
SA
UPTO 25
Male
322
0.03
Large
15
SA
UPTO 25
Male
270
0.054
Light
16
17
18
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
269
258
255
0.052
0.04
0.038
Small
Large
Large
19
20
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
245
237
0.047
0.044
Small
Large
21
SA
UPTO 25
Male
227
0.038
Ute
22
23
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
193
191
0.047
0.042
Small
Small
24
SA
UPTO 25
Male
188
0.057
Light
25
SA
UPTO 25
Male
181
0.042
Medium
26
27
28
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
FORD FALCON X SERIES
FORD FALCON AU
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
STATESMAN/CAPRICE 9498
FORD COMMERCIALS
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
176
175
154
0.037
0.039
0.036
Large
Female
Female
poor
Small
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 67
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
29
30
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
41
SA
UPTO 25
Male
42
43
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
44
45
46
47
48
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
49
50
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Male
Male
1
SA
UPTO 25
Female
2
3
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
4
SA
UPTO 25
Female
5
SA
UPTO 25
Female
6
7
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
8
SA
UPTO 25
Female
9
10
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
11
12
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
13
SA
UPTO 25
Female
14
15
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
16
SA
UPTO 25
Female
17
18
19
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
20
SA
UPTO 25
Female
21
22
23
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
83-86
NISSAN PINTARA <=88
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
CHARADE 93-00
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
NISSAN SKYLINE
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
DAEWOO LANOS
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
MITSUBISHI COLT
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
FORD LASER/MET 90
MITSUBISHI CA LANCER 8292
CHARADE 88-92
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
DAEWOO LANOS
CHARADE 93-00
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
68 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
152
151
0.027
0.045
Ute
Medium
148
145
136
136
130
129
125
119
118
117
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.043
0.039
0.058
0.029
0.043
0.052
0.032
Medium
Medium
Small
Small
Ute
Light
Small
Large
Small
Large
111
0.026
Large
111
106
0.048
0.046
Small
Light
104
104
102
99
95
0.035
0.06
0.042
0.054
0.034
Medium
Light
94
93
0.042
0.059
Small
Light
977
0.057
Light
833
605
0.047
0.039
Small
Large
575
0.032
Large
574
0.071
Light
552
506
0.054
0.054
Light
Small
423
0.038
Large
399
335
0.047
0.043
Small
Large
321
302
0.051
0.042
Light
Small
294
0.033
Large
268
257
0.047
0.036
Small
Large
245
0.039
Large
230
228
226
0.052
0.051
0.058
Small
Light
Light
224
0.041
Small
221
218
204
0.045
0.043
0.038
Large
Large
Large
Light
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
34
35
36
37
38
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
46
47
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
48
SA
UPTO 25
Female
49
50
SA
SA
UPTO 25
UPTO 25
Female
Female
1
SA
26-59
Male
2
3
4
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
5
6
7
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
8
SA
26-59
Male
9
SA
26-59
Male
10
11
12
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
13
SA
26-59
Male
14
15
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
16
SA
26-59
Male
17
18
19
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
rank
make/model
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
CHARADE 88-92
MITSUBISHI COLT
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 86-88
HYUNDAI ACCENT
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
FORD LASER/MET 90
DAEWOO CIELO
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
HOLDEN BARINA XC
TOYOTA STARLET
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
TOYOTA ECHO
MITSUBISHI CA LANCER 8292
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
MAZDA 121 94-96
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
FORD FALCON AU
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
83-86
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR /
ASTRA 82-86
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
HONDA CIVIC >=96
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
FORD FALCON AU
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
FORD COMMERCIALS
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
98-02
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
n
CWR
market
group
198
177
173
164
154
152
144
142
138
137
0.071
0.029
0.059
0.06
0.042
0.052
0.044
0.054
0.034
0.049
Light
Small
Light
Light
Small
Small
Light
Light
136
128
128
123
121
0.037
0.051
0.06
0.036
0.041
Medium
Light
Light
Small
Light
120
114
104
103
102
102
100
0.042
0.045
0.044
0.028
0.03
0.032
0.043
Small
Medium
Light
Small
Large
Small
Small
95
91
0.042
0.033
Medium
Large
90
0.057
Small
89
85
0.035
0.036
Medium
Small
3749
0.039
Large
2514
2200
1786
0.041
0.044
0.044
Large
Large
Large
1503
1473
1369
0.043
0.036
0.03
Large
Large
Large
1083
0.043
Large
733
0.038
Ute
727
704
694
0.03
0.041
0.043
Large
624
0.044
Large
621
593
0.037
0.033
Medium
Large
580
0.029
4WDL
547
540
539
0.027
0.054
0.029
Ute
Light
Large
poor
Light
Large
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 69
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
20
SA
26-59
Male
21
22
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
23
SA
26-59
Male
24
25
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
26
SA
26-59
Male
27
28
29
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
30
31
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
32
SA
26-59
Male
33
SA
26-59
Male
34
SA
26-59
Male
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
43
44
45
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
46
SA
26-59
Male
47
48
49
50
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Male
Male
Male
Male
1
SA
26-59
Female
2
3
4
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
5
SA
26-59
Female
6
7
8
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
9
SA
26-59
Female
10
SA
26-59
Female
11
12
13
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
rank
make/model
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
96-04
FORD FALCON X SERIES
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR UTE
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
FORD FALCON BA
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
MITSUBISHI STARWAGON
87-94
FORD FALCON UTE 82-95
STATESMAN/CAPRICE 9498
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
90-95
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
FORD FALCON UTE AU
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
NISSAN PATROL 98 on
HOLDEN RODEO 99-02
MITSUBISHI COMMERCIALS
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
HOLDEN RODEO 89-95
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
MAZDA BRAVO / FORD
COURIER 98-02
HOLDEN COMMODORE
UTE VU
MITSUBISHI TRITON MK
TOYOTA COMMERCIALS
SUBARU IMPREZA 93-00
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
70 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
n
CWR
market
group
501
0.045
Large
475
474
0.03
0.04
Van
Large
454
0.042
Small
452
442
0.039
0.041
Ute
392
0.043
Small
382
379
356
0.025
0.023
0.045
344
340
0.047
0.039
4WDL
Large
4WDL
People
Mover
Ute
333
0.037
Large
317
0.06
Light
310
0.043
Van
304
303
297
289
282
277
269
250
0.042
0.029
0.024
0.054
0.042
0.026
0.03
0.042
Small
Small
Ute
Small
Small
4WDL
Ute
245
235
233
0.054
0.041
0.029
Light
Ute
Large
223
0.029
Ute
220
220
217
214
0.031
0.022
0.042
0.043
Ute
Ute
Small
2218
0.04
Large
2048
1478
1371
0.041
0.044
0.038
Large
Large
Large
1337
0.038
Large
1290
1071
1048
0.037
0.057
0.036
Large
Light
Large
891
0.06
Light
865
0.043
Small
857
841
829
0.047
0.035
0.039
Small
Large
Large
poor
med
good
jurisdiction
driver age
driver
sex
14
SA
26-59
Female
15
16
17
18
19
20
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
21
22
23
24
25
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
26
SA
26-59
Female
27
28
29
30
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
31
SA
26-59
Female
32
SA
26-59
Female
33
SA
26-59
Female
34
SA
26-59
Female
35
SA
26-59
Female
36
37
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
38
39
40
41
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
26-59
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
make/model
93-97
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
MAZDA 323 95-98
DAEWOO LANOS
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
HOLDEN COMMODORE VBVL
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
TOYOTA ECHO
TOYOTA RAV4 94-00
FORD LASER/MET 90
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
HYUNDAI ACCENT
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
FORD FALCON X SERIES
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
HYUNDAI LANTRA 96-00
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
DAEWOO NUBIRA
HONDA CR-V 97-01
1
SA
Male
2
SA
3
SA
4
SA
5
SA
6
7
SA
SA
rank
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
n
CWR
market
group
778
0.037
Medium
767
704
642
540
503
488
0.042
0.043
0.038
0.042
0.042
0.038
Small
Large
Large
Small
Small
Large
452
410
390
375
360
0.054
0.032
0.054
0.042
0.034
Light
Small
Small
Small
Small
309
0.052
Small
308
301
294
282
0.023
0.041
0.046
0.043
Large
Small
Light
Small
255
0.049
Light
253
0.029
4WDL
251
0.045
Large
250
0.047
Small
242
0.033
Medium
232
230
0.035
0.039
Medium
Small
219
219
218
209
0.032
0.054
0.03
0.034
Small
Light
4WDC
209
205
205
203
201
198
194
193
191
0.071
0.044
0.045
0.04
0.054
0.039
0.036
0.035
0.021
Light
Light
Medium
Large
Light
Small
Small
Small
4WDC
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
612
0.04
Large
Male
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
500
0.044
Large
Male
483
0.037
Large
435
0.038
Large
Male
FORD FALCON EF/EL
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
401
0.043
Large
Male
Male
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
375
348
0.036
0.03
Large
Large
Male
poor
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 71
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
8
SA
9
SA
10
SA
11
SA
12
SA
13
SA
14
SA
15
SA
16
SA
17
SA
18
SA
19
SA
20
SA
21
SA
22
SA
23
SA
24
SA
25
SA
26
SA
27
SA
28
SA
29
SA
30
SA
31
SA
32
SA
33
SA
34
SA
35
SA
36
SA
37
SA
38
SA
39
SA
40
SA
41
SA
42
SA
43
SA
driver age
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
Male
make/model
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
Male
Male
n
CWR
market
group
315
0.039
Large
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
296
0.043
Large
FORD FALCON AU
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
268
0.028
Large
253
0.037
Medium
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
237
0.032
Large
221
0.043
Small
FORD FALCON ED/EB S2
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
174
0.033
Large
167
0.042
Small
148
0.042
Small
143
0.056
Light
Male
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
112
0.042
Small
Male
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
100
0.045
Medium
Male
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
98
0.049
Light
Male
91
0.032
Small
89
0.029
4WDL
Male
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 9097
TOYOTA 4RUNNER/HILUX
89-97
83
0.038
Ute
Male
FORD FALCON X SERIES
82
0.04
Male
FORD COMMERCIALS
81
0.041
Male
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 88-94
80
0.029
Large
Male
NISSAN PATROL 88-97
78
0.026
4WDL
Male
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
73
0.054
Small
Male
73
0.042
Small
72
0.041
Small
Male
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
66
0.035
Medium
Male
NISSAN PULSAR N16 00-05
65
0.039
Small
Male
FAIRLANE N&LTD D 95-98
64
0.03
Large
Male
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
TOYOTA LANDCRUISER
>=98
63
0.029
Small
61
0.025
4WDL
MAZDA 323 95-98
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VY/VZ
60
0.041
Small
59
0.023
Large
57
0.039
Male
MAZDA COMMERCIALS
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
57
0.054
Light
Male
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
57
0.028
Small
Male
DAEWOO NUBIRA
56
0.035
Small
Male
NISSAN PINTARA <=88
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
55
0.041
Medium
54
0.047
Small
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
72 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Large
poor
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
44
SA
45
SA
46
SA
47
SA
48
SA
49
SA
50
SA
1
SA
2
SA
3
SA
4
SA
5
SA
6
SA
7
SA
8
SA
9
SA
10
SA
11
SA
12
SA
13
SA
14
SA
15
SA
16
SA
17
SA
18
SA
19
SA
20
SA
21
SA
22
SA
23
SA
24
SA
25
SA
26
SA
27
SA
28
29
SA
SA
driver age
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
driver
sex
Male
make/model
n
CWR
market
group
53
0.036
Small
52
0.035
Medium
51
0.033
Medium
51
0.043
Van
Male
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
TOYOTA HIACE/LITEACE
90-95
STATESMAN/CAPRICE 9498
50
0.037
Large
Male
NISSAN PATROL 98 on
49
0.023
4WDL
Male
DAEWOO LANOS
47
0.054
Light
307
0.043
Small
267
0.042
Small
208
0.056
Light
181
0.039
Large
167
0.042
Small
167
0.033
Large
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 90-93 /
NOVA 88-93
TOYOTA COROLLA 94-98 /
NOVA 95 on
FORD FESTIVA
WB/WD/WH/WF 94-2000
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
93-97
165
0.032
Large
Female
FORD LASER/MET 91-94
MITSUBISHI
MAGNA/VERADA TR-TS/KRKS
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VS/VR
MITSUBISHI MAGNA
VERADA TE-TJ/KE-KJ
148
0.03
Large
Female
MITSUBISHI MAGNA TN-TP
140
0.043
Large
Female
HOLDEN COMM VN/VP
TOYOTA CAMRY/APOLLO
88-92
132
0.039
Large
132
0.032
Medium
126
0.03
Large
120
0.042
Small
Female
FORD FALCON EF/EL
MITSUBISHI CE
LANCER/MIRAGE >=96
HOLDEN COMMODORE
VT/VX
113
0.029
Large
Female
TOYOTA CAMRY >=98
113
0.029
Large
Female
MAZDA 323 / LASER 99-03
111
0.032
Small
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 95-98
107
0.049
Light
Female
FORD FALCON EA/EB S1
94
0.036
Large
Female
90
0.028
Small
88
0.054
Light
Female
TOYOTA COROLLA 98-00
SUZUKI SWIFT/BARINA >=
89
HOLDEN BARINA COMBO &
EURO >=95
72
0.049
Light
Female
MAZDA 323 /LASER 82-88
66
0.054
Small
Female
NISSAN PULSAR >=96
66
0.042
Small
Female
FORD FALCON AU
64
0.027
Large
Female
HOLDEN ASTRA TS
60
0.029
Small
Female
FORD LASER/MET 95-98
59
0.043
Small
Female
MAZDA 121 97-98
59
0.04
Light
Female
Female
NISSAN PINTARA >=89
TOYOTA STARLET
59
57
0.045
0.048
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
poor
Medium
Light
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 73
med
good
rank
jurisdiction
30
SA
31
SA
32
SA
33
SA
34
SA
35
SA
36
SA
37
SA
38
SA
39
SA
40
SA
41
SA
42
SA
43
SA
44
SA
45
SA
46
SA
driver age
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
60 &
ABOVE
driver
sex
make/model
Female
NISSAN PULSAR/VECTOR
88-90
n
CWR
market
group
56
0.047
Small
55
0.041
Light
Female
TOYOTA ECHO
MITSUBISHI CC LANCER 9495
54
0.041
Small
Female
FORD LASER/MET 90
52
0.034
Female
CHARADE 88-92
51
0.059
Light
Female
DAEWOO CIELO
50
0.049
Light
Female
DAEWOO LANOS
50
0.046
Light
Female
49
0.036
Small
49
0.035
Medium
48
0.06
Light
Female
HONDA CIVIC >=96
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
88-91
MAZDA 121 82-93 / FORD
FESTIVA WA
TOYOTA COROLLA 120
SERIES
48
0.032
Small
Female
MITSUBISHI COLT
46
0.06
Light
Female
HYUNDAI EXCEL 90-94
43
0.054
Light
Female
NISSAN PULSAR 92-95
SUBARU LIBERTY/LEGACY
<=94
42
0.036
Small
42
0.035
Medium
41
0.058
Light
41
0.033
Medium
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
CHARADE 93-00
MAZDA 626/MX6 / TELSTAR
92-97
74 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE
poor
med
good
References
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Keall MD, Frith WJ (2004b) Older driver crash rates in relation to type and quantity
of travel, Traffic Injury Prevention, 5:pp. 26-36.
Keall MD, Frith WJ (2006) Characteristics and risks of drivers with low annual
distance driven, Traffic Injury Prevention, 7:pp. 248-255.
Keall MD, Frith WJ, Patterson TL (2005) The contribution of alcohol to night-time
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Keall MD, Newstead S (2009) Induced Exposure Estimates of Rollover Risk for
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CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES DRIVEN BY DIFFERENT DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS 75