Effect of Aqueous Ammonia Soaking to
Chemical Compositional Changes and
Enzymatic Saccharification of Hybrid Poplar
Soo-Jeong Shin, Nam-Seok Cho and
Jong-Moon Park
Chungbuk National University,
Cheongju, South Korea
Outlines
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„
„
„
Introduction
Experimental
Previous works
Results
Conclusions
3
4-5
6-9
10-13
14
Ammonia as biomass
pretreatments
„
Aqueous ammonia soaking
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AFEX
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Dissolution of polysaccharides and lignin by
ammonia
Dissolution of biomass component improves the
enzymatic saccharification
Destruction of biomass complex structures
Ammonia percolation
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More effective in dissolution of biomass
components than ammonia soaking
Experimental-1
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Raw Material: hybrid poplar (Populus
alba ⅹP. Glandulosa)
Aqueous ammonia soaking: 45 ℃-6
day and 90℃ -16h
Filtering by glass filter and washing by
distilled water
Experimental-2
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Enzymatic Saccharification
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Biomass 2.5g +170 ml (sodium acetate buffer,
pH= 4.7), 50oC, shaking incubator
Celluclast 1.5L, Novozym 342
Sugar analysis
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RI detector, Aminex HPX-87 column for enzymatic
saccharified sugar
NMR for carbohydrate compositional analysis
C ellulos e to g luc os e c onvers ion
(% )
A mmonia s oaking ( 50 ℃ ‐6 days )
80. 0
60. 0
Cor n st over
Tobacco st al k
40. 0
Hemp woody cor e
20. 0
0. 0
0
10
20
30
40
E nz ymatic hydrolys is (h)
50
60
A mmonia s oaking ( 90 ℃‐16 h)
C ellulos e to g luc os e
c onvers ion (% )
80. 0
60. 0
40. 0
Cor n st over
Tobacco st al k
20. 0
Hemp woody cor e
0. 0
0
10
20
30
E nz ym a tic hydrolys is (h)
40
50
60
X ylan to x ylos e c onvers ion (% )
A mmonia s oaking (50 ℃ ‐ 6 days )
45. 0
35. 0
25. 0
Cor n st over
Tobacco st al k
15. 0
Hemp woody cor e
5. 0
0
10
20
30
40
E nz ymatic hydrolys is (h)
50
60
X ylan to x ylos e c onvers ion (% )
A mmonia s oaking (90 ℃ ‐16 h)
80. 0
60. 0
40. 0
Cor n st over
Tobacco st al k
20. 0
Hemp woody cor e
0. 0
0
10
20
30
40
E nz ymatic hydrolys is (h)
50
60
Chemical compositional changes by
aqueous ammonia soaking treatment to
hybrid poplar
Residual
Acetone
(%)
solubles(%)
Hot water
solubles(%)
Lignin
(%)
Polysaccha
rides(%)
90℃-16h
82.4
0.3
4.4
14.5
63.2
45℃-6 day
81.7
0.3
4.2
14.5
62.7
Untreated
100.0
0.6
12.9
16.3
70.2
Polysaccharides compositional changes by
aqueous ammonia soaking treatment to
hybrid poplar
90℃-16h
Polysaccharides
(%)
63.2
Cellulose Xylan
38.7
24.5
45℃-6 day
62.7
39.7
23.0
Untreated
70.2
42.0
28.2
Fig 1. Enzymatic saccharification of ammonia
soaked hybrid poplar with different treatment
temperature and time.
Cellulose to glucose conversion (%)
50
40
90 ℃
30
45 ℃
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Enzymatic hydrolysis (h)
50
60
Fig 2. Enzymatic saccharification of xylan to xylose from
ammonia soaked hybrid poplar with different treatment
temperature and time.
Xylan to xylose conversion (%)
40
35
30
25
90 ℃
45 ℃
20
15
10
0
10
20
30
Enzymatic hydrolysis (h)
40
50
60
Conclusions
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Similar lignin and polysaccharides
removal Æ more enzymatic
saccharification in cellulose and xylan
by higher temp treatment
Physical condition changes in biomass
Æ cellulose structure (cellulose 1Æ
cellulose 3)