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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
9696/02, 9696/03
GEOGRAPHY
Papers 2 and 3
May/June 2004
3 hours
INSERT
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
This insert contains all the Figures referred to in the questions.
This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
(DR) S57475/3
© UCLES 2004
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Fig.1 for Question 1
The location of two soil types along a soil catena in the tropical savanna
Soil A
Soil B
Granite
© UCLES 2004
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Fig. 2 for Question 4
Some Stores and Transfers of Sediment in a Coastal Zone
Cliffs
Dunes
Cliff erosion
Blown sand
Beaches
Onshore
currents
Rivers
Deposition
in estuaries
and deltas
Offshore
currents
Sea bed
Offshore
deposition
Key:
Store
Transfers
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Fig. 3 for Question 6
Volcanic and Seismic events leading to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on 14 June 1991
DATE
EVENT
MONITORING AND SURVEYS
2 APRIL
Small eruption of steam and
ash covers villages 10 km
away.
Seismographs installed on
mountain, Volcanic Observatory
set up.
GOVERNMENT ACTION
23 May
Volcanic hazard map results
from surveys.
Throughout May seismographs
record 1800 small earthquakes
2–6km deep, 5km north west
of summit.
Hazard map distributed by
Government.
13–28 May
SO2 concentrations increase
x10.
5 levels of alert published:
1 = low level unrest
5 = eruption underway
1 June
Eruptions change to new
focus – less than 5km deep.
Small explosion and then
ash eruptions, harmonic
tremors suggest magma
ascent.
3 June
Small explosion and then
ash eruptions, harmonic
tremors suggest magma
ascent.
5 June
Alert level 3 – eruption within a
fortnight. Areas threatened by
nuées ardentes (pyroclastic
flows) evacuated.
6 June
Tiltmeter near summit
indicates bulge in volcano
7 June
Column of ash and steam up
to 8km in height.
8 June
Magma reaches surface.
Alert level 4 (explosive eruption
in 24 hours).
9 June
Alert level 5 – evacuation of all
inhabitants within 20km of
summit
12 June
Two major eruptions. 08.51
major eruption sends
column of gas, ash up to
19km in height.
14 June
Eruptions up to 40km in
height.
Observations now difficult
because of ash clouds.
15 June
Eruptions of increasing
intensity. Nuées ardentes
(pyroclastic flows) frequent.
Ash widley deposited –
made heavy by rain from
Typhoon Yunga.
Seismographs destroyed.
© UCLES 2004
Evacuation zone extended to
30km from summit. Manila
Airport closed.
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Fig. 4 for Question 8
Some evidence that the Sahara Desert experienced a wetter climate in the past
N
Atlas
Mountains
Hoggar
Mountains
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Tassili Mountains
Tibesti Mountains
‘Mega’ Lake Chad
covering 300 000 km2
twice the size of today
ATLANTI C O CEAN
Key:
Dry valley systems in mountains
Sahara Desert
Relic faunas/floras oak and cedar forests
Evidence of ancient peoples farming on savanna
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Fig. 5 for Question 10
Survey of industrial location in a region of a MEDC
Location
Road communications
Labour availability
Air communications
Labour skills
Proximity to supplies
Accessibility of sites
Rail communications
Availability of sites
Quality of labour
Telecommunications
Site costs
0
20
40
60
Image of region
Availability of grants
Education
Quality of premises
Overall environment
Road communications
Rail communications
Quality of labour
Quality of housing
Leisure facilities
Labour skills
Air communications
0
% of firms identifying as major strengths
20
40
60
% of firms identifying as major weaknesses
Figs 6A, 6B and 6C for Question 11
Oil production, oil consumption and oil reserves, 1999
A
B
C
Production
(65.5 million barrels a day)
Consumption
(65.5 million barrels a day)
Reserves
(1012 billion barrels)
Other
12.5%
Middle East
26.3%
North
America
16.6%
Western
Europe
6.2%
North
America
27.0%
CIS and
Eastern Europe
20.3%
CIS and
Eastern
Europe
15.2%
Asia and
Australasia
18.3%
Western
Europe
27.0%
Latin
America
11.3% Africa
9.3%
Asia and
Australasia
10.0%
© UCLES 2004
Middle East
64.5%
North
America
4.2%
Western
Europe
1.8%
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Latin
America
13.2%
CIS and
Eastern Europe
5.9%
Asia and
Africa Australasia
5.9%
4.5%
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Fig. 7 for Question 13
North American trade, 1995
ASIA AND
MIDDLE EAST
ts 12
CIS AND
EASTERN EUROPE
222
,166
46,1
r ts 1
o
exp
expo
r
r ts
impo
o
imp
r ts 1
7,88
7
54,8
94
EUROPEAN
UNION
9
16
s
or t
p
im
,13
11
s
or t
4
,15
10
exp
67
35,9
r ts 1
impo
r
expo
,829
ts 72
NORTH
impo
r ts 1
JAPAN
expo
r
AMERICA
6,87
839
AFRICA
01
s
ort
4,5
impor
1
s1
ort
,202
86
225,0
ts 263
p
ex
ts
expor
p
im
4
,56
AUSTRALIA
CARIBBEAN
AND
LATIN
AMERICA
Key:
Imports and Exports
of North America
(millions of U.S. dollars)
200,000
100,000
100
imports
exports
200,000
100,000
100
total imports 934,242
total exports 772,703
© UCLES 2004
2
ts 7,
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Fig. 8 for Question 14
The High Atlas Tourist Code
As a guest, respect local traditions,
protect local cultures, maintain local pride.
• When taking photographs, respect privacy - ask
permission and use restraint.
• Respect religious and cultural places - preserve
what you have come to see, never touch or remove
religious objects.
• Giving to children encourages begging. A donation
to a project, health centre or school is a more
constructive way to help.
• You will be accepted and welcomed if you follow
local customs. Use only your right hand for eating
and greeting. It is polite to use both hands when giving
or receiving gifts.
• Respect for local etiquette earns you respect loose, light weight clothes are preferable to revealing
shorts, skimpy tops and tight fitting action wear. Hand
holding or kissing in public are disliked by local
people.
• Visitors who value local traditions encourage local
pride and maintain local cultures - please help local
people gain a realistic view of life in your country.
Be patient, friendly and sensitive!
Remember - you are a guest!
© UCLES 2004
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Fig. 9 for Question 15
Countries experiencing change in average income per person
MEDCs
Asia
North Africa &
the Middle East
Eastern Europe
& the CIS
Latin America
& the Caribbean
Sub-Saharan
Africa
35
30 25 20 15 10
5
number of countries where average
income per person 1990-1995 was
lower than before
© UCLES 2004
0
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
number of countries where average
income per person 1990-1995 was
higher than before
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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.
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