Monash University Library
Demystifying Citing and Referencing Online Tutorial
Use this document as an alternative to the online
interactive tutorial
Contents
Demystifying Citing and Referencing Online Tutorial ................................................. 1
Use this document as an alternative to the online interactive tutorial ........................... 1
Screen 1 - Title screen - Demystifying citing and referencing: Academic integrity . 2
Screen 2 - Instructions ............................................................................................... 2
Screen 3 – Introduction .............................................................................................. 3
Screen 4 – Module objectives .................................................................................... 4
Topic 1: About citing and referencing ........................................................................... 5
Screen 5 - Introduction............................................................................................... 5
Screen 6 – What is citing and referencing? ............................................................... 6
Screen 7 – Why are citing and referencing essential? ............................................... 8
Screen 8 – Citations, bibliographies and reference lists ............................................ 9
Screen 9 - Activity: Citations, references and bibliographies .................................. 10
Screen 10 – Referencing styles ................................................................................ 11
Topic 2: How to cite and reference .............................................................................. 13
Screen 11 - Introduction........................................................................................... 14
Screen 12 – Publication details ................................................................................ 14
Screen 13 – Activity: Understanding a reference .................................................... 16
Screen 14 – Finding publication information .......................................................... 17
Screen 15 – Activity: Recognising book publication details ................................... 19
Screen 16 – Activity: Recognising journal publication details ................................ 20
Screen 17 – What to cite and reference ................................................................... 21
Screen 18 – Common knowledge ............................................................................ 22
Screen 19 – Activity: Common knowledge ............................................................. 23
Screen 20 – Avoiding plagiarism ............................................................................. 24
Screen 21 - Quoting ................................................................................................. 26
Screen 22 - Paraphrasing ......................................................................................... 27
Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 29
Screen 23 – Tutorial review ..................................................................................... 29
Screen 24 – Links to citing and referencing styles .................................................. 30
Screen 25 - References............................................................................................. 32
Screen 26 – The end ................................................................................................. 33
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Screen 1 - Title screen - Demystifying citing and referencing:
Academic integrity
Title screen image showing Gutenberg Press.
This tutorial is designed to help you learn the principles of citing and
referencing, and understand how to avoid plagiarising when integrating
source material.
This tutorial will take you approximately 20 minutes to complete.
Screen 2 - Instructions
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www.lib.monash.edu.au
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Image showing help screen with sections of the screen labelled to show
how to navigate the tutorial.
Here are a few tips to help you find your way around the tutorial:
Use the next button to move to the next screen, or the back button to view a
previous screen (bottom right).
To view any screen click the relevant name on the menu.
To return to this help screen click help (top right). When you have finished
reading this screen, click the return button to view the last screen that you
visited.
You can complete the tutorial in your own time and you can even take several
sessions to complete it, as the menu will allow you to view any screen at any
time.
Screen 3 – Introduction
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www.lib.monash.edu.au
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Image showing rare book with eagle picture.
The information and activities in this tutorial are designed to introduce you to
the “what, why and how” of acknowledging your sources.
The tutorial is not intended to teach you how to use specific referencing
styles, or to imply that any given style should be adopted. Always use the
referencing style recommended by your own department – and if unsure, ask
your lecturer.
Throughout the tutorial author-date examples are given in APA style and
footnote examples are given in Chicago style.
Screen 4 – Module objectives
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By the end of this tutorial you will be able to:
●
●
●
●
●
use the terms ‘citing’ and ‘referencing’ correctly
distinguish between a reference lists and a bibliography
recognise the three main categories of referencing styles
locate the publication details of sources
incorporate source material without plagiarising
Topic 1: About citing and referencing
Screen 5 - Introduction
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Image showing young woman holding books.
This topic introduces:



the concepts of ‘citing’ and ‘referencing’
in-text citations, reference lists and bibliographies
referencing styles
Screen 6 – What is citing and referencing?
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Images shows the text below in blocked off sections.
All academic work relies on the work of others; that is, experts in the field.
Their work is usually published in books, journal articles, or occasionally other
media – your sources of information. The term “acknowledging your
sources” is often used in place of “citing and referencing” because this is
exactly what you do when using information from published sources: you
acknowledge the source of your information.
The convention for acknowledging the source of information, involves two
steps:
1. a citation in the text of the document
2. a reference list OR a bibliography at the end of the document
Examples
In-text citation
The assumption that female politicians must be morally superior to their male
counterparts has actually acted to their disadvantage (Baird, 2004).
Throughout the tutorial author-date examples are given in APA style and
footnote examples are given in Chicago style.
Reference list
Go to the references screen to view an example of a reference list.
Tip
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Students usually think of citing and referencing in relation to writing, but it also
applies when creating a video clip or giving a presentation.
Screen 7 – Why are citing and referencing essential?
Image showing screen with roll over text areas to display further
information.
Citing and referencing correctly is about much more than simply following
university rules. These rules are in place to protect your work, as much as
they are to protect the work of others. It is about maintaining academic
integrity.
Instruction to user: Roll your cursor over each of the headings to learn more.
Rollover headings and information: Citing and referencing enable you
to:
1. To validate your research
By showing that your work is based on that of authorities in the field,
you assure your readers that your own ideas and conclusions are valid.
2. To help readers locate your sources
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The citation tells the reader the information came from a published
source. The reference list provides the publication details necessary for
the reader to locate the source if they wish to learn more.
3. To situate your work in the discipline
Whether writing up your own research or responding to the work of
others, you are building on what has already been done in your field.
By referring to the existing literature, you show the reader where your
work ‘fits in’.
4. To avoid plagiarism
When you put your name on a piece of academic writing you indicate
that it is your own original work – except where indicated by citations.
To maintain academic integrity you must give due credit to the original
authors of the material you use.
Screen 8 – Citations, bibliographies and reference lists
Image of book with words that can be clicked to display further
information (words and information below).
The terms ‘citing’ and ‘referencing’ can be confusing. You will often hear them
used interchangeably. The terms ‘references’, ‘reference list’ and
‘bibliography’ are also frequently confused.
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Instruction to user: Click the coloured headings on the right to read more
about each term.
Headings and information
1. Citation
To cite: to mark within your text that the information comes from a
published source. Sometimes also termed ‘to reference”.
Tip: Citations can take the form of (author date), a bracketed number
[1], or a superscript number (e.g. footnotes), depending on the style
used.
2. Reference List
To reference: give full publication details of the sources in a list at the
end of your essay or report.
A reference list includes only those authorities that have been cited in
the document.
Tip: Check with your department as there are exceptions to this rule.
OR
3. Bibliography
A bibliography is a complete list of sources consulted about a topic, but
not necessarily cited in your work.
A bibliography looks the same as a referencse list, except that it may
list more sources than a reference list in the same piece of work.
Tip: Check with your department as there are exceptions to this rule.
Screen 9 - Activity: Citations, references and bibliographies
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Image showing a tick indicating the start of a quiz activity.
There are five questions in the following activity about citations, references
and bibliographies.
This is a self-review activity, so don’t worry if you get the questions wrong at
first. You can always review your answers afterwards.
Click START to begin.
Refer to document for questions, feedback, and answers: activitycitations-references-bibliographies-accessibility.doc
Screen 10 – Referencing styles
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Image showing three tabbed sections to display further information
(provided below).
There are hundreds of different referencing styles; however, they can be
grouped into three broad categories.
Instruction to user: Click the tabs on the right to learn more about each
category.
The screen contains a button that links to a screen with a number of links to
referencing styles.
Tip
Different disciplines use different styles. Check which style is used in your
faculty, school or department.
Tabbed section headings and information
Author-Date
Also known as in-text styles, author-date styles are used in Arts, Art and
Design, Business and Economics, Education, Engineering, Medicine,
Pharmacy, Science and Information Technology.
In-text citations give the author(s)’ surname and date in round brackets. A
complete list of references is included at the end of the document, in
alphabetical order by author surname.
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Example:
However, it was not until the 1992 Earth Summit that sustainable lifestyle
movements began to gather momentum in industrialised nations (Shemyt,
2011).
Below are examples of author-date styles:



Harvard
APA
Turabian
Footnote
These styles are used in Arts and Law.
Superscript numbers are added in the text and citation details are provided at
the bottom of each page. A complete list of references is included at the end
of the document, in alphabetical order by author surname.
Example:
However, it was not until the 1992 Earth Summit that sustainable lifestyle
movements began to gather momentum in industrialised nations.1
1.
André Paul Shemyt, The Sustainability Phenomenon (Chicago, IL:
Wide Earth Press, 2011).
Below are examples of footnote styles:


Chicago
Australian Guide to Legal Citation
Numbered
These styles are used in Engineering, Information Technology, Medicine,
Pharmacy and Science.
Numbers are added in the text. A complete list of references is included at the
end of the document, in numerical order.
Example:
However, it was not until the 1992 Earth Summit that sustainable lifestyle
movements began to gather momentum in industrialised nations [1].
Below are examples of numbered styles:



Vancouver
IEEE
AIP
Topic 2: How to cite and reference
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Screen 11 - Introduction
Image showing man teaching a group of students pointing to an
interactive whiteboard.
This topic explains:



Publication details
What to cite and reference
How to avoid plagiarism
Screen 12 – Publication details
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Image showing different types of references including: book, book
chapter, journal, and website.
It is essential to be able to identify the publication details of a source, not only
when compiling your own reference lists or bibliographies, but also when
looking for particular resources. You may need to find a book, a chapter within
a book, a journal article or an electronic resource.
Instruction to user: Roll over the references to learn more about publication
details. The rollover opens images of the information below with labels
(indicated below in square brackets).
Book
Baird, J. [Label: Author] (2004) [Label: Date]. Media tarts: how the media
frames female politicians [Label: Title]. Melbourne [Label: Place of
publication]: Scribe. [Label: Publisher]
Book chapter
Strangio, P. [Label: Author] (2006) [Label: Date]. John Cain Jnr : the burden
of history [Label: Chapter title]. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds.) [Label:
Editors], The Victorian Premiers [Label: Book title], 1856-2006. Sydney [Label:
Place of publication]: Federation Press [Label: Publisher].
Journal
Alderman, B.L., Benham-Deal, T.B. & Jenkins, J.M. [Label: Authors] ( 2010)
[Label: Date]. Change in parental influence on children’s physical activity over
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time [Label: Article title]. Journal of physical activity & health [Label: Journal
name], 7(1) [Label: Volume number and issue number], 60-67 [Label: Pages].
Website
Better Health Channel [Label: Author] (2009) [Label: Date] Diabetes [Label:
Article title]. Retrieved from http://
www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Diabetes_explained
?open [Label: URL]
Screen 13 – Activity: Understanding a reference
Image showing two example references.
The following activity consists of two example references. Look at each
example carefully and choose the appropriate sections to identify each part of
the reference.
Question 1: Select Author and Publisher
Hutton, T.A. (2009). The geography of design in the city. In G.Rusten & J.
Bryson (Eds.), Industrial design, competition and globalization (pp. 1-20).
Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
Answers: (1) Author: Hutton, T.A., (2) Publisher: Palgrave.
Question 2: Select Journal name and Date
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Morgan, J.M., & Pullin, D. (2011). Social science and the courts: Challenges
and strategies for bridging gaps between law and research. Educational
researcher, 39 (7), 515-524.
Answers: (1) Educational researcher , (2) 2011.
Screen 14 – Finding publication information
Image showing male student standing and reading a book.
All the publication details required for your citations and references is located
somewhere on the sources you are using (eg books, journals, etc). Knowing
where to find this information makes the task of compiling your reference list
easy.
The screen also shows four images: book, book chapter, journal, and website.
Each links to separate animations about finding publication details (described
below).
Instruction to user: Click each image to see where you can find all the
relevant publication details.
Book
Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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This activity shows you where to locate publication information for a book. It
shows a series of images and rollover areas explaining what information can
be found in each section.
Title page shows:
 The author
 Title of the book
 Place of publication
 Publisher
Publications details page shows:
 Date of publication
 Place of publication
 Publisher
Book Chapter
This activity shows you where to locate publication information for a book
chapter. It shows a series of images and rollover areas explaining what
information can be found in each section.
Title page shows:
 Title of the book
 Editor/s name
 Edition
 Place of publication
 Publisher
First page of chapter shows:
 Author of chapter
 Title of chapter
 Book chapter first page number
Last page of chapter shows:
 Title of chapter
 Book chapter last page number
Journal
This activity shows you where to locate publication information in a journal. It
shows a series of images and rollover areas explaining what information can
be found in each section.
Title page shows:
 Title of the journal
 Year of publication
 Volume and issue numbers
First page of article shows:
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






Title of article
Author of article
Publisher
Journal title
Volume and issue numbers
Pages
Date of publication
Content pages of article show:
 Left page shows: page number and author
 Right page shows: page number and journal name
Website (example of an Australian government website)
 Address field shows URL:
http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/factssheets/fs2010conf/fs2010con
f.html
 Banner shows the publisher
 Heading shows the title of the page
 Author information is below the main heading
 Year of publication is a few lines below the author information
Screen 15 – Activity: Recognising book publication details
Image showing a drag and drop activity with sections of a reference
mixed up.
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The following are the publication details for a book. Drag each element in
yellow to the corresponding green box. (The items are required to be dragged
into order)
Click CHECK ANSWER at any time if you have difficulty with the activity.
Jumbled items: (1) Art in Renaissance Italy. (2) Paoletti, J.T., & Radke, G.M.
(3) (1997), (4) Prentice Hall. (5) Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Answer: Paoletti, J.T., & Radke, G.M. (1997). Art in Renaissance Italy. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Screen 16 – Activity: Recognising journal publication details
Image showing a drag and drop activity with sections of a reference
mixed up.
The following are the publication details for a journal article. Drag each
element in yellow to the corresponding green box. (The items are required to
be dragged into order)
Click CHECK ANSWER at any time if you have difficulty with the activity.
Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
Telephone +61 3 9902 6000 Facsimile +61 3 9905 4007
www.lib.monash.edu.au
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Jumbled items: (1) Ionic liquids and reactions at the electrochemical
interface. (2) MacFarlane, D.R., Pringle, J.M., Howlett, P.C., & Forsyth, M. (3)
12(8), (4) (2010) (5) 1659-1669 (6) Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,
Answer: MacFarlane, D.R., Pringle, J.M., Howlett, P.C., & Forsyth, M. (2010).
Ionic liquids and reactions at the electrochemical interface, Physical
Chemistry Chemical Physics, 12(8), 1659-1669.
Screen 17 – What to cite and reference
Image showing four clickable images (corresponding to the headings
below) to open more information.
Many people think that you only need to cite and reference when you have
copied the words of another writer, but there is more to it than that.
Instruction to user: Click each of the images to read more about when you
should cite and reference.
Quotations
Whenever you directly copy the words of another author (quote), ensure you
use quotation marks, or block text for longer quotations. Please note that in
technical disciplines it is not acceptable to quote more than a line or two.
Factual information
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When using information from any published source, including books, journals,
government reports or websites, it is essential to cite and reference
accurately. A reader must be able to identify what is your own work, what is
the work of others, and where to find the source of your information.
Data, methods & images
Whenever you use any data, graphs, tables, images, videos, music, software,
research methods – in fact any kind of intellectual property that is not your
own original work - you need to acknowledge the source.
Ideas
Whenever you refer to another person’s ideas, even if you heard them in a
speech, it is correct practice to acknowledge whose ideas they are.
Tip
Always keep a record of the sources that you consult. Ensure you note the full
publication details as this can save you time later when constructing the
reference list.
Screen 18 – Common knowledge
Image showing text boxes with different pieces of information.
It is not necessary to cite information which is common knowledge:
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1. General information which would be known by any reasonably
informed member of the public is common knowledge.
Example: Words in * denote highlighted section of text.
*Australia is an arid country which experiences frequent droughts.* In
the hundred years between 1895 and 1995, no less than six major
droughts occurred (Bureau of Meteorology, 2011), with devastating
effects on farming and the economy.
2. Discipline specific information which would be known by any of your
peers in your field of study, or which appears in all the textbooks on a
given subject, is common knowledge in that discipline.
Example: Words in * denote highlighted section of text.
*It has long been known that platelets play an important part in the
process of coagulation.* Platelets were first described by the German
anatomist Max Schlultze in 1865 (Brewer, 2006).
Tip
As a rule of thumb, if you did not have to look up information before writing it
in your assignment, it does not need to be acknowledged.
Screen 19 – Activity: Common knowledge
Image showing a paragraph of text with numbers next to each sentence
corresponding to numbers next to answer buttons “cite” and “don’t
cite”.
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Another method of execution, notorious for its association with the French
Revolution, is the guillotine (1). In 1789, Doctor Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
recommended that all those condemned to death, no matter what their crime
or social status, should be executed by decapitation, then considered the
most humane method available (2). After a prolonged quest for a simple,
reliable method of ending life as quickly and painlessly as possible, the
guillotine made its debut in 1792 (3). Although there is some evidence that the
guillotine does not do its job as swiftly as intended (4), its introduction was, at
least, motivated by a spirit of humanity and equality (5).
Instruction to user: Read the paragraph on the left. Then click cite or don’t
cite (below) next to each relevant sentence number.
In this case choose a number and then check below for the answers and
feedback.
Answers and feedback:
1. Correct: Don’t cite. Feedback: Correct. Most educated people are
aware of this, so there is no need to cite.
2. Correct: Cite. Feedback: Correct. This is not common knowledge, so it
must be cited. (Arass, 1989).
3. Correct: Cite. Feedback: Correct. This is not common knowledge, so it
must be cited. (Opie, 2003).
4. Correct: Cite. Feedback: Correct. The author of the evidence must be
cited. (Opie, 2003).
5. Correct: Don’t cite. Feedback: Correct. The writer is summing up her
own conclusion.
Screen 20 – Avoiding plagiarism
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Image showing text blocked off in sections.
To avoid plagiarism ask yourself the following questions:
1. Did I know this information without having to look it up?
2. Are the data, images, or any other media my own work?
3. Are these ideas my own?
If your answer is no to any of these questions, check that you have provided
citations. Remember, although you express the facts or ideas in your own
words, they still belong to the original writer and must be acknowledged.
Instruction to user: Click http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plagiarism
to learn more about plagiarism.
There are five questions in the following activity about plagiarism.
This is a self-review activity, so don’t worry if you get the questions wrong at
first. You can always review your answers afterwards.
Click START to begin.
Refer to document for questions, feedback, and answers: activity-aboutplagiarism-accessibility.doc
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Screen 21 - Quoting
Image showing text and tabbed sections with the following headings to display
more information: Author-Date, Footnote, and Numbered.
Quoting means reproducing the actual wording in the original source in your
own work. When quoting, it is important to use exactly the same words and
punctuation as the original, and to position quotation marks precisely.
Check your unit style guide for more detailed information.
Quotations are used to support your argument or facts, but don’t overuse
them, as they do not show understanding or analytical ability. An assignment
with a lot of quotations is unlikely to pass.
Instruction to user: Click the tabs on the right to see examples of each style.
Author-Date
Short quotation example
As the preceding examples show, the 1990’s were a minefield for female
politicians. The key questions for politics are, “..what went wrong and what
needs to change?” (Baird, 2004, p.5). In an attempt to answer these
questions, this essay will analyse the careers of two female politicians…
Longer quotation example
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The difference between what women are thought to bring to politics and what
they actually do has played havoc with the careers of our most successful
female politicians. An assumption…that women are cleaner, more ethical
than men, and that their presence will bleach politics of grime, has been their
greatest burden. [Note that the text is indented and in a smaller font than the
rest of the text. This is known as block text.]
Footnote
Short quotation example
As the preceding examples show, the 1990’s were a minefield for female
politicians. The key questions for politics are, “..what went wrong and what
needs to change?” 1 In an attempt to answer this question, this essay will
analyse the careers of two female politicians…
Longer quotation example
The difference between what women are thought to bring to politics and what
they actually do has played havoc with the careers of our most successful
female politicians. An assumption…that women are cleaner, more ethical
than men, and that their presence will bleach politics of grime, has been their
greatest burden.1 [Note that the text is indented and in a smaller font than the
rest of the text. This is known as block text.]
Numbered
Short quotation example
As the preceding examples show, the 1990’s were a minefield for female
politicians. The key questions for politics are, “...what went wrong and what
needs to change?” [1]. In an attempt to answer this question, this essay will
analyse the careers of two female politicians…
Longer quotation example
The difference between what women are thought to bring to politics and what
they actually do has played havoc with the careers of our most successful
female politicians. An assumption…that women are cleaner, more ethical
than men, and that their presence will bleach politics of grime, has been their
greatest burden [1]. [Note that the text is indented and in a smaller font than
the rest of the text. This is known as block text.]
Screen 22 - Paraphrasing
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Image of blocks of texts and two images of notice board documents with
the following words: “From Lindsay’s essay” and “From Ashley’s
essay”.
Students often believe that it is possible to avoid plagiarising by making small
changes to the original text; replacing words with synonyms and restructuring
sentences or paragraphs. This is indeed paraphrasing, but it is still plagiarism
because the words and phrases are too close to those used by the original
author.
Instruction to user:
Read the text below from a journal article read by two students preparing to
write an essay. Click the two documents to read sections from the essays
they submitted with marker feedback.
Original source
From a journal article on habitat fragmentation by Chris Johnstone,
published in 2011:
Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation is considered a major threat to
biodiversity worldwide. Among vertebrate species, mammals are thought to
be at greater risk of decline than birds, reptiles or amphibians in fragmented
habitats (Turner, 1995). The precise reason for this is unknown, but it is likely
because mammals are relatively sedentary endotherms. Birds are
endothermic, but are highly mobile, whilst amphibians and reptiles, being
ectotherms, require far smaller home ranges for foraging because their
metabolic requirements are relatively small.
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Essay topic: Discuss the ways population growth can threaten vertebrates.
From Ashley’s essay
Biodiversity is being affected by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation all over
the world, with mammals most at risk among vertebrates. This is probably
because their movement is more restricted than that of other endotherms
such as birds. Ectotherms, such as amphibians and reptiles, are not so
disadvantaged because they need only a small feeding area due to their lower
metabolic needs (Johnstone, 2011).
Marker’s comments:
The content of Ashley’s paragraph is all drawn from a single source, closely
paraphrased. It therefore appears to discuss the original author’s topic, how
habitat fragmentation affects biodiversity, rather than the student’s essay
topic.
From Lindsay’s essay
Another human induced threat to vertebrates is habitat fragmentation, when a
species is unable to access all parts of their usual habitat (Lim et al., 2008);
for example, because of a new road or settlement dividing it. It could be that
the population is cut off from an important food source, or that breeding is
compromised (Keel, 2011). Mammals appear to be at greatest risk from the
effects of habitat fragmentation (Turner, 1995, cited in Johnstone, 2011),
possibly because they need a wider feeding range than ectotherms and,
unlike birds, cannot cross from one habitat to another (Johnstone, 2011).
Marker’s comments:
Lindsay’s paragraph is clearly related to the essay topic. It synthesizes
information from several sources to describe one way population growth
threatens vertebrates.
Conclusion
Screen 23 – Tutorial review
Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
Telephone +61 3 9902 6000 Facsimile +61 3 9905 4007
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Image showing a tick indicating the start of a quiz activity.
The following activity consists of eight self-review questions about content
covered in this online tutorial. Read each example carefully before submitting
your answer.
You can repeat the activity as many times as you like. Each time you repeat
the activity you might get different questions to test your grasp of the material.
Instruction to user: When you’re ready, click START to begin.
Refer to document for questions, feedback, and answers: tutorial-reviewciting-referencing-accessibility.doc
Screen 24 – Links to citing and referencing styles
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Image of young woman juggling books.
Instruction to user: Now that you understand the principles of citing and
referencing, you are ready to master a specific style.
Click the links on the right for detailed information on specific styles. Each link
will open in a new window or tab. To return to this online tutorial, simply close
the new windows/tabs.
Author-Date styles
 Harvard: http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/harvard.html
 APA (American Psychological Association):
http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/apa.html
 Turabian: http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/turabian.html
Footnote styles
 Chicago: http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/chicago.html
 Australian Guide to Legal Citation:
http://mulr.law.unimelb.edu.au/go/AGLC3 (pdf link - 3MB)
 MLA (Modern Language Association):
http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/mla.html
Numbered styles
 Vancouver: http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/vancouver.html
 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers):
http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/ieee.html
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
AIP (American Institute of Physics):
http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/aip.html
Recommended styles by faculty
Click here: http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/styles-monash.html for
recommended styles used by Monash University faculties, schools and
departments.
Tip
Contact your lecturer if you are unsure about which style to use.
If you are still unsure, choose a style used by your faculty and use it
consistently.
Screen 25 - References
Image showing text box with references.
Arass, D. (1989). The guillotine and the terror. (C. Miller, Trans.). London:
Penguin.
Baird, J. (2004). Media tarts: how the Australian press frames female
politicians, Melbourne: Scribe.
Bloxam, E. (2011). Ancient quarries in mind: pathways to a more accessible
Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Monash University Library
significance. World Archaeology, 43(2), 149-166.
Brewer, D.B. (2006). Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the
discovery of the platelet. Br J Haematol. 133(3), 251-8.
Bureau of Meterology. (2011). Climate Education: Drought. Retrieved from:
http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/drought.htm
Chant, S. (2008). The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ and the ‘Feminisation’ of AntiPoverty Programmes: Room for Revision? Journal of Development Studies,
44(2), 165-197. Doi: 10.1080/00220380701789810
Hayes, A., Weston, R., Qu, L,. & Gray, M. (2010). Families then and now:
1980-2010. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from
http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/factssheets/fs2010conf/fs2010conf.html
Martin Luther King's Address at March on Washington. (August 28, 1963).
Washington, D.C. available http://www.mlkonline.net/dream.html
National Poverty Center. (2011). Poverty in the United States. University of
Michigan. Retrieved from http://npc.umich.edu/poverty/
Opie, R.F. (2003). Guillotine. Phoenix Mill, UK: Sutton.
Planck, M. (2000). Where is science going? (J. Murphy, Ed. & Trans.). New
York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Strangio, P. (2006). John Cain Jnr: the burden of history. In P. Strangio & B.
Costar (Eds), The Victorian Premiers, 1856-2006. Sydney: Federation Press.
Wingate Todd, T. (1995). The respiratory system. In A. Robinson (Ed.),
Cunningham’s text-book of anatomy (6th ed, pp.1065-1102). London: Oxford
University Press.
Screen 26 – The end
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Image showing two young in graduation gowns walking away.
Congratulations!
We hope you have found the information and activities in this online tutorial
useful and you now have improved skills to achieve academic success.
Remember we are here to help you, so if you have any questions about citing
and referencing, you can attend one of our face-to-face workshops at the
library or you can drop in to see one of our librarians
(http://www.lib.monash.edu/information-research-skills/) or learning skills
(http://www.lib.monash.edu/learning-skills/) advisers.
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Telephone +61 3 9902 6000 Facsimile +61 3 9905 4007
www.lib.monash.edu.au
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