PES 100 –Physics in Everyday Life – Essay Option Rubric
UNIT 4: (Chapters 15 – 17) Waves, Light, Color, & Image Formation
Griffith ‘The Physics of Everyday Life’ 5th.ed.
Definitions
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Longitudinal & transverse, period, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, harmonic waves, interference, standing waves, node & anti-node, fundamental frequency & higher
harmonics, superposition, speed of sound, pitch, Doppler Shift, resonance
Electro-magnetic waves & spectrum, light, AM & FM, color (additive & subtractive), specular & diffuse reflection, interference fringes, wave/particle duality
Light rays, angle of incidence, “normal to the surface”, reflection, refraction, index of refraction, total internal reflection, focal length, object/image distance, concave &
convex, diverging & converging rays, real & virtual images, upright & inverted, magnification, dispersion of color (prisms), positive & negative mirrors & lenses, focal
point
Units
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Period (s), frequency (Hz), wavelength (m)
Index of refraction (unitless), magnification (unitless, positive or negative), speed of light in a medium (m/s)
Relationships
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Wavelength, frequency & speed; Period & frequency; Wave speed & string density; Amplitude & energy; Pitch & frequency; Speed of sound & density of material;
Speed of sound & temperature; Sound source speed & pitch (Doppler)
Path length difference, wavelength & interference fringes;
Incidence angle & reflection angle; Index of refraction & speed of light in a medium; Refraction angle, incidence angle & index of refraction; Refraction angle, &
relative density (toward or away from normal); Magnification, image height & object height, upright/inverted; Image distance, object distance & focal length; Focal
length and radius of curvature;
Applications
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Surface water waves & vibrating strings [transverse waves]; sound waves [longitudinal waves]; standing waves in vibrating strings, organ pipes, & flutes; singing in the
shower [resonance]
Microwave ovens, prisms, radio communication (AM & FM), soap bubbles & oil on water,
Flat, convex & concave mirrors; flat, convex & concave lenses; fiber optics, reflections on a lake; eye shape and vision correction
The following list of equations will be provided on the last page of the traditional multiple-choice exam.
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R. Gist
v=f*λ (physical waves), T=1/f, v=square_root(tension/density), f1 = v/2*L, f2=2*f1 [strings], f1=v/4*L [organ pipes]
c=f*λ (light waves)
F=1/2 C,
θi=θrefl [reflection],
n1 sin θ1=n2 sin θ2, cn=c/n, [refraction]
1/do + 1/di = 1/F, M=hi/ho [Mirrors and thin lenses]
f=frequency, λ=wavelength, T=period, f1=fundamental frequency, f2=second harmonic frequency, L=string or tube length, F=focal length, C=radius of curvature, n=index
of refraction, v=speed of a wave, c=speed of light, cn=speed of light in a material
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