2014 Student Research Colloquium Friday, April 25 Ohio Northern University

2014 Student

Research Colloquium

Celebrating and recognizing research achievement

Friday, April 25

Ohio Northern University

McIntosh Center www.onu.edu/research/colloquium

Welcome to Ohio Northern University’s Student Research Colloquium!

The Student Research Colloquium is a true showcase for undergraduate research, with students scheduled to present 106 projects this year. For students, research bridges the gap between knowledge and experience and provides for career exploration and development. Presenters at this year’s Colloquium will share the results of their research with the larger academic community, enliven the intellectual climate on campus, and stimulate discussions and collaborations within and across disciplines, all while developing skills important to their long-term personal and professional success.

Table of Contents

Welcome, Schedule, Table of Contents, Thanks, and Planning Committee

Poster Presentation Sessions

Paper Presentation Sessions

Colloquium Abstracts

Index of Colloquium Participants

Colloquium Schedule

All Colloquium activities take place on the first floor of the McIntosh Center.

Posters Papers

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2

5

6

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9:45–11:00 a.m. Assorted STEM & Communication

Poster Presentations I

Main Lounge

11:15 a.m.–12:30 p.m. Biology & Chemistry

Poster Presentations II

12:45–2:00 p.m.

Main Lounge

Medical Laboratory Science &

Nursing

Poster Presentations III

Main Lounge

10:00–11:45 a.m.

10:00–11:45 a.m.

French Culture & Political Science

Paper Presentations I

Wishing Well

Communication Studies I

Paper Presentations II

Deans’ Heritage Room

12:00–1:45 p.m.

*STEM is an acronym for the disciplines of s cience, t echnology, e ngineering, and m athematics.

12:00–1:45 p.m.

A Note of Gratitude

Social Sciences

Paper Presentations III

Wishing Well

Communication Studies II

Paper Presentations IV


Many thanks are extended to all members of the ONU community who have helped to make the 2014 Student Research

Colloquium such a success.

Special mention goes to Amy Prigge, Mary Wilkins, Toma Williams, and Brian Paris from the Office of Communications and

Marketing for their efforts in promoting the Colloquium across campus.

Sincere gratitude is offered to the Getty College of Arts and Sciences for its generous funding of this event.

Additional thanks go to all the student presenters and their faculty mentors who ensure that scholarly research and deep learning are vital to an Ohio Northern education.

Finally, we thank all friends and family of and visitors to the Northern community and welcome your presence today.

The Student Research Colloquium Planning Committee

Scott Rogers

Asst. Professor of English

419-772-2105 s-rogers@onu.edu

William Theisen

Professor of Physics

Phillip Zoladz

Asst. Professor of Psychology

419-772-2142 p-zoladz@onu.edu

Mary Drzycimski-Finn

Asst. to the Dean-Student Success

Emily Barbee

Senior, Mathematical Statistics

Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics e-barbee@onu.edu

Evan LaChance

Junior, Musical Theatre

419-772-2741 w-theisen@onu.edu

419-772-2987 m-drzycimski-finn@onu.edu

Dept. of Theatre Arts e-lachance@onu.edu

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Poster Presentations

Morning Session: 9:45-11:00 a.m.

# Assorted STEM & Communication Main Lounge

1. “2014 Research Survey of Professional Education in Athletic Training White Paper”

Jared Cletis Moor, Joshua L. Cook, Erik Noble Arent

2. “The Effects of Power Plate Intervention on Single Leg Stance on Unstable Surfaces in Adults, Ages 21-59”

Jacob Schumer

3. “The Effectiveness of a Dry Land Cool Down on Lactate Clearance Levels in Division III Collegiate Swimmers”

Sara Rutherford, Evan Price

4. “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (Poster 1)”

Sarah Bova, Kaitlin Bova

5. “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (Poster 2)”

Sarah Bova, Kaitlin Bova

6. “The Effect of Gender Dominance Portrayals and Media Type on Body Image”

Coral Shuster, Hayley O'Hara

7. “Adolescent Substance Use as a Sleep Aid Linked to Poor Mental Health”

Lauren E. Guerriero

8. “Impact of Peer Habits and Sleep Problems on Drug Use”

Chahdael B. Smith

9. “Manipulation of Physical Pain Tolerance as a Result of Optimistic/Neutral Confederate Cues”

Jennifer N. Cramer, Brandon Johnson, Eric Eisenmann, Jessica Cunningham

10. “The Effects of Evidence Type and Expert Credential Contestation on Mock Juror Decision-making”

Wesley Evans, Rebecca N. Krelko, Megan E. Fry, Kelsey E. Hoffman

11. “Post-learning Stress Facilitates Long-term Memory Consolidation”

Rachael L. Aufdenkampe, Callie M. Brown, Amanda R. Scharf, Alison M. Dailey, McKenna B. Earley, Courtney L. Knippen,

Elizabeth D. Scholl

12. “RGS 2 and RGS 4 Differentially Modulate G-protein-coupled Receptor-signaling in the Mouse Aorta”

Paige M. Garber

13. “Discontinued Drugs: An Independent Study”

Brandon P. Bourgeois

14. “Simultaneous Translation and Techniques: A Prospective Study”


15. “Language Translation Techniques”


16. “FireBot”

Jordan Tabor, Daric Long

17. “Sumo Robot: B & J”

Che'ron L. Jenkins, Malcolm J. Burrell

18. “Sumo Robot”

James Cody Cline, Alexander Chernick

19. “Vision-guided Robotic Workcell”

Josh M. Cantrell, Dillon M. Kwiat

20. “Robot Construction: Gantry Robot”

Evan C. Kile, Brian K. Harris, Andrew Townsend, Kenzo M. Barlow

21. “Identifying Vacant and Abandoned Land for Reuse”

Peter J. White

22. “Toward Resilient Localization in Mobile Robotic Networks”

Joel Huff, Ben Kerber, Sam Roth, Gabe Russ

23. “Scaling, Sneezes, and the Elephant's Trunk”

Nathan B. Knodel

24. “Dithered Quantization”

Nicholas B. Saunders

26. “Peculiar Velocities of Wide-angle Tailed Radio Galaxies”

Thomas E. Steinberger

27. “Velocity Dispersions of Active Galaxies with Low Mass Black Holes”

David R. DeColibus

28. “Low-energy Electron Diffraction Applied to the Surface Investigation of Boron-doped Silicon”

Ashley Ernst

29. “Plasma Sheath Dependence on Power to the Electrode”

Nick R. Weiner

30. “Preliminary Measurement of Plasma Sheath for Varying Plasma Density”

Nicholas R. Weiner

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Midday Session: 11:15 a.m.-12:30 p.m.

# Biology & Chemistry

1. “Distributions and Compositions of Benthic Algal Communities in the Upper Mad River Watershed, Ohio”

Main Lounge

Gabrielle K. Metzner

2. “Stream Comparisons between Glaciated and Unglaciated Regions of Ohio”

Shannon M. Boys

3. “Characterization of the Algal and Macroinvertebrate Communities of Two Vernal Pools at Tidd-Oakes Farm, Hardin County,

Ohio”

Kelsey T. R. Weidner

4. “Variation of Algal and Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Restored Wetlands with Varying Water Inputs”

Lucas Erickson

5. “Influence of Wood Type on Diatom and Macroinvertebrate Colonization Patterns”

Michael Christopher Taylor

6. “Utilizing 3D Scanning and Geomorphic Morphometrics to Conduct a Phylogenetic Analysis on the Order Carnivora”

Michael C. Taylor

7. “Spatial and Temporal Algal Community Variation in a Drought-resistant Spring System in the Sandia Mountains, New

Mexico”

Lance D. Alley

8. “Regression Model for Blue Crabs ( Callinectes sapidus )”

Lucas Erickson, Sam Schroeder, Lance D. Alley, Kilian TysonMayer

9. “A Study Applying SPERM HY-LITER TM PI Technology to Forensic Casework”

Stephanie R. Schottke, Brooke E. Larsen

10. “The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Brain Function”

Sam Prewitt, Ian T. Coote, Wesley A. Evans, Holly Anne Fisher, Ayed X. Mahmoud

11. “Different Types of Music and Their Effect on Cortisol Levels over Time following Psychological Stress”

Lauren Guerriero, Alexander Robert Kneubehl, Joseph Lawson, Alicia Green

12. “Impact of Caffeine on Cognitive Function and Brainwave Activity”

Lauren E. Titus, Shyla Woodyard, Michael Chad Bridges, Alex Roth, Ryan Paulus, Renee A. Chen

13. “The Effect of a Sports Drink Consumed Pre-exercise on Post-exercise Blood Glucose”

Brittany N. Miller, Rosa L. Nardo, Caitlin M. Huber, Samantha T. Hoffman

14. “Music: A Enhancer or Distractor of Mental Focus”

Liz Catherine Lendrum, Emily Rebecca Markey, Taylor Nicole Somogyi, Jayme Rochelle Wright

15. “Herbal Tea: Chemical Characterization of Extracts Using GC-MS and HPLC and Biological Evaluation of Efficacy Using Kirby

Bauer Test”

Kathryn Miltner

16. “Chemical Characterization of Mullein Flower Extracts”

Nathan Robins

17. “GC-MS Analysis of the Volatile Components of Herbal Teas”

Michael Herman

18. “Matrix Effect Corrections for X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Binary and Ternary Systems”

Sean M. O'Neill

19. “Human Waste-stream Loadings in an Agricultural Watershed: Nutrients, Biomarkers, and Bacteria”

Joanne Berry, Abigail Thayer

20. “The Effect of Perfluoroalkyl Acids on Membrane Permeability”

Elvira Tatarkov

21. “Reverse-phase HPLC Examination of Paracetamol Metabolism in Rat Liver Microsomes”

Jessica Lynn Harris, Andrew David Ziegler

22. “Solvent Effects on Excited-state Intramolecular Proton Transfer on Pyrrolopyrimidines”

Courtney M. Olson

23. “Synthesis and Characterization of Imidonorbornene Monomers for Ring-opening Metathesis Polymerization”

Tyler Tewilliager

24. “Synthesis of Metal Complexes Containing Ligands from Hydroxymethylfurfural for ε -Caprolactone Polymerization”

Kevin C. Ledden

25. “Recyclable Aqueous-phase Catalysts from Ligands Appended Using a Thiol-ene 'Click' Approach”

Lindsay C. Wiener

26. “Novel PO Ligands Derived from Vanillin for Palladium-catalyzed Coupling”

Andrew K. Bowser

27. “Inverse Demand-Diels-Alder Reactions of 3-Formylchromones”

Aaron J. Sullivan, Daniel C. Steigerwald, Benjamin Kasting

28. “Investigation of the Ground- and Excited-state Dipole Moments of a Series of Substituted Benzofluorenone Dyes Using

Lippert-Matag”

Laila Oudean

29. “A Computational Study of Molecular Electronics and Metal-Metal Systems”

Sarah Renea Zinn

30. “Electron Transport in Porphyrin-based OPV Donor Materials: A Computational Study”

Morgan A. Hammer

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Afternoon Session: 12:45-2:00 p.m.

# Medical Laboratory Science & Nursing

1. “Sysmex Hematology Analyzer Correlation”

W. Wesley Cruikshank

2. “Correlating Results Obtained from Roche Cobas 6000 and Siemens Advia 1650”

Kwaku N. Peprah

3. “Where Does the Interference of Hemolysis End for Coagulation Testing?”

Marcus Lowe

4. “Possible Antibacterial Efficacy of Cockroach Brain Lysates”

Emily Fruth

5. “Enhanced Recovery after Surgery”

Kelli Wright

6. “Effectiveness of Patient Discharge Education”

Kaitlin Steinmetz

7. “Maintenance of Central Line Accesses”

Tara M. Bailey

8. “Controlling Pain in Hospice Patients: Educating Future Nurses to Improve Patient Outcomes”

Courtney V. Hanlon

9. “On- and Off-stage Behavior: An Analysis of Hospital Policies”

Jill L. Amos

10. “The Effectiveness, Efficiency and Safety of Medication Administration in the Long-term Healthcare Setting”

Allison J. Talbert

11. “Improving Stress Levels in Nurses through Education and Remediation”

Gregory Scott Wyenandt

12. “ICU Psychosis”

Alyssa Marie Leonard

13. “Deep Vein Thrombosis Education for Post-op Patients”

Chance S. Moore

14. “Pediatric Pocket Guide: Enhancing Patient Care”

Heather Anne Moore

15. “Benefits of Family-centered Rounding: Patients and Families Working Together with the Healthcare Team”

Allyson Rose Paces

16. “Chemotherapy 101”

Sarah Elizabeth Meyer

17. “Cardioversion”

Rebecca Jo Dirksen

18. “Catch Me before I Fall: Reinforcing Patient Safety”

Kimberly Maureen Reid

19. “Overcoming Barriers of Pediatric End-of-life and Palliative Care”

Carlin Olmstead

20. “Managed Pain: A True Assessment of Patient Pain”

Kate Young

21. “The Effectiveness of Code Blue in a Hospital Setting”

Christopher J. Mendoza

22. “Improving the Assessment of Pain in the Pediatric Population”

Cassandra J. DeWulf

23. “Isolation Contamination”

Mary Schulze

24. “M in the Box: Importance of Medication Education”

Samantha Atkinson

25. “Death and Dying: Nurses’ Perspectives and Coping with Patient Loss”

Alena Laura Rose Anderson

26. “Educational Needs on a Trauma Unit: Traumatic Brain Injury, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Crohn’s Disease”

Joshua Saunders

27. “Don't Sink When You Float”

Andrew M. Neiheisel

28. “New Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit”

Anna Rebecca House

Main Lounge

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Paper Presentations

Morning Session: 10:00-11:45 a.m.

French Culture & Political Science

Hannah Allen, Moderator

“Shifting Identities: Comparative Analysis of Character Development in Les Misérables ”

Jason M.R. Luthman

“The Allure of French Women”

Rachel L. Cruea

“Pax Americana and the Rise of Drones”

James D. Lee

“Myths and Realities: Are Ohio and America Polarized or Sorted?”

John Alexander Curiel

Communication Studies I

Dr. Alisa Agozzino, Moderator

“Reactions from a Post-Game Rant”

Courtney Smith

Wishing Well


“Radical Women: Comparing Miley and Madonna through a Content Analysis of Mass Media”

Ashlee McDonnell

“Finding the Gap: Defining Skills Needed to Improve Social Media Curriculum through Social Media Job Descriptions”

Amy Christine Hood

“BFFs: Studying the Relationship between Video Game Environment and Becoming Friends”

Jordan A. Leigh

“Eastern Sports and Propaganda Network: Searching for Bias in SportsCenter's Coverage of Major Sports”

Andrew James Kremyar

“Event Attendance Based on Social Media: A Focus of Student Attendance to Campus Events”

Mariah R. DiBiasio

Afternoon Session: 12:00-1:45 p.m.

Social Sciences

Dr. Robert Carrothers, Moderator

“The Association between Color and the Learning of Accounting”

Austin Germann

“Emile Durkheim's Suicide Theory and Media Body Pressures”

Julie A. Rice

“Racial and Ethnic Kidney Transplant Disparities”

Wishing Well

Maria Kay Daley

“Criminal Recidivism and Mental Illness: Perspectives from Durkheim and Goffman”

Rachael Aufdenkampe

“An Analysis of the World Wrestling Entertainment Using Critical Theory”

Thelma E. Schweigel

“ADRA2B Deletion Variant Selectively Predicts Stress-induced Enhancement of Long-term Memory in Females”

Andrea E. Kalchik, Chelsea E. Cadle, David M. Peters

Deans’ Heritage Room Communication Studies II

Dr. Alisa Agozzino, Moderator

“Diffusion of Innovations and the Adoption of Smartphone Fitness Apps in College Students”

Brittany Paige Holland

“Brand Evaluation Based on Social Media Use”

Brady A. Miller

“ Love Wins : A Content Analysis”

Julianna Eley

“NFL Head Injuries: A Content Analysis”

Kaila Lewis

“Calvin Klein and the Perceptions Formed through the Use of Sex in Advertising”

Lauren Nicole Staley

“The Effects of First Comments on Online Articles”

Kelsi L. Rupersburg

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Colloquium Abstracts

Alphabetically by Title

“2014 Research Survey of Professional Education in transmission have been utilized in order to gain insight into

Athletic Training White Paper”

Poster, 9:45 a.m. Main Lounge

Presenters: Jared Cletis Moor (Findlay, OH); Joshua L. Cook

(Lebanon, OH); Erik Noble Arent (Grand Rapids, MI)

Research Advisors: Kurt Wilson (Human Performance and

Sport Science, ONU); Edward Potkanowicz (Human

Performance and Sport Science, ONU)

Objective : The objective of the current study is to gauge the opinions of the Great Lakes Athletic Training

Association (GLATA) members about the recent National

Athletic Training Association (NATA) Professional

Education in Athletic Training “White Paper.” The NATA recently published a white paper released by a NATA appointed work group outlining an initiative that would transform athletic training education from a predominantly undergraduate program model to an entry-level Master’s

Degree model. The current study, using a descriptive approach, sought to examine the attitudes of current BOC certified athletic trainers on how they felt such a change would impact the education and profession of athletic trainers and athletic training students. Participants:

Participants were required to have, minimally, a Bachelor’s

Degree in athletic training. Additionally, all participants were to be currently BOC certified athletic trainers in programs located within the GLATA region. Design/Setting :

Volunteer participants were recruited via an email invitation. The email message contained a link to the survey, which had been posted to the Qualtrics, Inc. online data collection platform. The survey consisted of 32 questions, divided into 3 separate sections. Sections addressed demographic information, verbatim statements from the NATA’s “White Paper,” and the survey questions of interest. The second section of the survey contained verbatim statements from the NATA’s “White Paper.”

Participants were asked to respond to each question on a 5point Likert Scale. The third section of the survey presented

12 survey questions outlining the main points of the “White

Paper” and were intended to gauge the attitude of the respondents. Participants were asked to respond to each question on a 5-point Likert Scale as well. Results : Results are pending. The survey is scheduled to close to participants on March 26th.

“A Computational Study of Molecular Electronics and

Metal-Metal Systems”


Presenter: Sarah Renea Zinn (New Franklin, OH)

Research Advisor: Trilisa Perrine (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Additional Researcher: Benjamin Topham (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

As we continue to push the limits of current silicone based electronics, it is vital that we explore the exciting new prospects that molecular electronics have to offer.

Controlling electron transmission through a single molecule by manipulating its unique characteristics could dramatically decrease the size of electronic devices in addition to limiting their energy consumption. A fundamental step in the realization of these groundbreaking single-molecule electronics is to understand, predict, and optimize the relevant properties of the molecular systems. This study computationally explores the structure and molecular orbitals of a series of systems containing metal-metal bonds that could make potentially useful electronic devices. Studies on electron which aspects of these molecules have the most effect on device function.

“A Study Applying SPERM HY-LITER TM PI Technology to

Forensic Casework”


Presenters: Stephanie R. Schottke (Carmel, IN); Brooke E.

Larsen (Findlay, OH)

Research Location: Baltimore Police Department Trace

Analysis/Biology Unit, Baltimore Police Department

Research Advisor: Dennis De Luca (Biological and Allied

Health Sciences, ONU)

Christmas Tree staining of sperm is used to confirm the presence of semen; this proposal utilizing the SPERM HY-

LITER™ PI technology may be able to lower the detection limit and increase specificity. The differentiation of the spermatozoa is accomplished with the green-tagged Alexa

488 anti-sperm head monoclonal antibody versus the epithelial nuclei stained red with propidium iodide. Mock sexual assault samples were composed of buccal swabs and semen dilutions. This study had several phases: membrane slides, “sticky” solutions, slide fixing techniques, and sample preparation techniques. The first and second phases displayed no differences between variables. In the third phase, the results demonstrated that no cover slip, buffer-extracted, and heat-fixed slides produced the best quality imagery. The final phase demonstrated that spin basket or not produced a similar yield whereas the use of the fixative solution was determined to be advantageous.

The final preparation technique consisting of heatingfixing, buffer for extraction, no spin basket, application to a glass slide was able to demonstrate that with modification the manufacturer’s protocol can be compatible to the present laboratory workflow. In conclusion, the use of

SPERM HY-LITER™ PI for forensic casework can be effective in decreasing turnaround time and improve the efficiency of identification.

“Adolescent Substance Use as a Sleep Aid Linked to Poor

Mental Health”


Presenter: Lauren E. Guerriero (Miamisburg, OH)

Research Advisor: Megan Clegg-Kraynok (Psychology,

Sociology, and Criminal Justice, ONU)

The link between sleep and mood disorders is well established. Moreover, substance abuse has been associated with both poor sleep and depression. In a normative high school population it has been found that fewer hours of sleep is associated with increased depressive symptoms and that sleep problems are associated with substance use.

The current study aims to investigate the link between the use of alcohol or drugs as a sleep aid with depressive symptomology, internalizing, and emotional problems among a population of at-risk adolescents. Secondary analyses were done using a database of adolescents (n=66), aged 12-18, who were referred to a juvenile court for legal and/or behavioral problems. Analysis was done to investigate whether participants who reported using alcohol or drugs to help them sleep differed on their report of emotional problems, internal mental distress, or depressive symptomology. Adolescents using alcohol or drugs as a sleep aid are at risk for emotional problems, internal mental distress, and depressive symptoms. Though the causality of these variables is unclear, the current study suggests that adolescents, particularly those engaging in

6

potentially illegal behaviors, might benefit from a multipronged treatment plan including mental health services and sleep education.

“ADRA2B Deletion Variant Selectively Predicts Stressinduced Enhancement of Long-term Memory in Females”

Paper, 12:00 p.m. Wishing Well

Presenters: Andrea E. Kalchik (Zanesville, OH); Chelsea E.

Cadle (Elida, OH); David M. Peters (Canton, OH)

Research Advisor: Phillip Zoladz (Psychology, Sociology, and Criminal Justice, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Mackenzie M. Hoffman; Rachael L.

Aufdenkampe; Sarah M. Lyle; Callie M. Brown; Amanda R.

Scharf; Alison M. Dailey; Nicholas E. Wolters; Jeffrey N.

Talbot (Roseman U of Health Sciences); Boyd R. Rorabaugh

(Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, ONU)

Clarifying the mechanisms that underlie stress-induced alterations of learning and memory may lend important insight into susceptibility factors governing the development of stress-related psychological disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work has shown that carriers of the ADRA2B deletion variant exhibit enhanced emotional memory, greater amygdala responses to emotional stimuli, and greater intrusiveness of traumatic memories. We speculated that carriers of this deletion variant might also be more vulnerable to stress-induced enhancements of long-term memory, which would implicate the variant as a possible susceptibility factor for traumatic memory formation. In the present study, participants submerged their hand in ice cold (stress) or warm (no stress) water for 3 min. Immediately thereafter, they studied a list of 42 words varying in emotional valence and arousal and then completed an immediate free recall test.

Twenty-four hours later, participants’ memory for the word list was examined via free recall and recognition assessments. Stressed participants exhibiting greater heart rate responses to the stressor had enhanced recall on the

24-hr assessment. More importantly, stressed female

ADRA2B deletion carriers, particularly those exhibiting greater heart rate responses to the stressor, demonstrated greater recognition memory than all other groups. These findings support our hypothesis that the ADRA2B deletion variant is associated with increased susceptibility to stressinduced enhancements of learning. Furthermore, they extend this speculation by revealing that females are selectively influenced by the genetic variant, which could lend insight into sex-dependent susceptibility to traumatic memory formation and PTSD.

“An Analysis of the World Wrestling Entertainment Using

Critical Theory”


Presenter: Thelma E. Schweigel (Coldwater, MI)

Research Advisor: Robert Carrothers (Psychology,


Professional wrestling, specifically the World Wrestling

Entertainment, has historically been a strong force in

American society. This paper will examine the society within the WWE using critical theory, which is a contemporary sociological theory. The basic propositions of critical theory are that thoughts are a product of society and that people should not try to be objective and separate fact from value judgment. The first theorist used to explain the society that the WWE has created is Herbert Marcuse.

Marcuse will be used to demonstrate how the WWE uses media to have viewers and wrestlers alike lose the ability to think critically and question what is happening. The second theorist that will be used to explain this society is C. Wright

Mills. Mills will be used to demonstrate that the WWE has created a bureaucracy which ensures a strong

7 centralization of power by using marketing and the media.

The goal of this research is to better understand the society that the WWE has created and its possible implications on society as a whole.

“Benefits of Family-centered Rounding: Patients and

Families Working Together with the Healthcare Team”

Poster, 12:45 p.m. Main Lounge

Presenter: Allyson Rose Paces (Cleveland, OH)

Research Location: Almost Home Unit, Dayton Children's

Medical Center

Research Advisor: Kami Fox (Nursing, ONU)

Family-centered rounding is a new system of multidisciplinary communication that has been implemented at various hospitals to improve patient outcomes. Dayton Children’s Medical Center (DCMC) recently integrated the family-centered rounding service to further improve their patient outcomes. The Almost Home

Unit (AHU) is a short-stay medical unit where healthcare team communication is essential. Family-centered rounding is implemented each morning when a team consisting of doctors, nurse practitioners, nurses, clinical support staff and the family attends bedside rounding. The collaboration between medical staff and the family helps advance plans, as they discuss patient and family concerns and provide input so that the entire patient care team understands the clinical interventions and expected outcomes. Throughout morning rounds, the medical staff discuss the patient’s condition, lab results, goals for the day, treatment plans, and arrangements regarding projected discharge. The purpose of this project is to gather feedback from families regarding their satisfaction with the morning rounding experience. Additionally, feedback was gathered from nurses who participated in the family-centered rounds.

Using DCMC’s patient goals for family-centered rounds, a survey was created and administered to families who received this service to determine the overall effectiveness of the experience. A second survey was given to the staff nurses on AHU to evaluate their participation during the rounding process and how they felt it impacted their patient outcome. Findings from both surveys were communicated with AHU’s clinical educator to report how families and nurses rated their experience with the familycentered rounding service. This experience provides for staff awareness and possible modifications to the patient and family experience.

“BFFs: Studying the Relationship between Video Game

Environment and Becoming Friends”

Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room

Presenter: Jordan A. Leigh (Convoy, OH)

Research Advisor: Alisa Agozzino (Communication and

Media Studies, ONU)

Various studies have investigated how players communicate online as well as how certain gamers respond to different kinds of video games. However, little to no research has been conducted to see if the type of game results in a higher likelihood of future interaction between players. The purpose of this study was to determine if video games that placed a greater emphasis on cooperation and communication would make players more likely to add each other as friends on the PC gaming platform Steam.

“Brand Evaluation Based on Social Media Use”

Paper, 12:00 p.m. Deans' Heritage Room

Presenter: Brady A. Miller (Findlay, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

As the popularity of the use of social media has increased, so has the research conducted about this use. Companies worldwide have adapted to using these media to create a digital brand for themselves. This study will focus on one specific brand, chosen from a survey of Ohio Northern undergraduate students. The numerous platforms this brand uses will be evaluated, using similar techniques from previous studies of brand evaluation. These results will either positively or negatively prove the necessity of a virtual presence. This is an important study, as it will show the direct relation between the success of a brand and its linkage to the new world of branding.

“Calvin Klein and the Perceptions Formed through the

Use of Sex in Advertising”


Presenter: Lauren Nicole Staley (Tipp City, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

The current research investigates if people's perception of

Calvin Klein depends on the content of their advertisements. Thorough analysis of Calvin Klein's use of sexual advertisements was done to determine if the advertisements gives people a more positive/respectable perception of the brand or a more negative/degrading perception of the brand. Calvin Klein has a reputation of using barely dressed models posed in highly suggestive manners. Calvin Klein argues its advertisements work and the advertisements are not intended to offend people.

Surveys were conducted to test people's perception of

Calvin Klein's advertisements by showing them actual ad campaigns used by Calvin Klein. Analyzing the tactics of using sex in advertising help to demonstrate if those tactics really work. Also by measuring how people's perception of what is acceptable in advertising in addition to how it has changed over the years will be highlighted.

“Cardioversion”


Presenter: Rebecca Jo Dirksen (Maria Stein, OH)

Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)

There are numerous patients who have fast or irregular heartbeats such as atrial fibrillation. Healthcare professionals can use electric conduction and/or medications to convert these heart rhythms into normal rhythms, called cardioversion. As a result of consulting with the intensive care unit manager at a small rural hospital in the area, the need for cardioversion education was identified for ICU staff. A poster will be displayed in the unit with cardioversion information such as the procedure, purpose, conditions indicating cardioversion, potential health benefits, and complications of cardioversion. The staff will complete a quiz before education to assess knowledge and after to ensure comprehension. Overall, this project will educate ICU staff about the cardioversion process, therefore enhancing patient outcomes.

“Catch Me before I Fall: Reinforcing Patient Safety”


Presenter: Kimberly Maureen Reid (Sandusky, OH)

Research Location: 4K- Telemetry and ICU Stepdown, St.

Rita's Medical Center


Patient falls cost health care providers more than $19 billion annually and can cause long-term complications or even death, especially in older adults. A fall prevention quality improvement initiative was implemented on a 28bed critical care step-down unit at a Midwestern hospital as

8 a senior capsone project. Discrepancies in adhering completely to the protocol were identified. These included not having a falling star on the door, faulty or inappropriate use of bed alarms, yellow fall risk bands not in place, and incomplete or inaccurate documentation of actual fall risk (using Morse criteria). Results were shared with the unit manager and a fall prevention educational opportunity was offered to reinforce patient safety.

“Characterization of the Algal and Macroinvertebrate

Communities of Two Vernal Pools at Tidd-Oakes Farm,

Hardin County, Ohio”


Presenter: Kelsey T. R. Weidner (Piqua, OH)

Research Advisors: Leslie Riley (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU), Robert Verb (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Nicole L. Berry; Jamie L. Bonino;

Schelby K. Rosebrook

Limited research has been conducted on lower trophic levels in vernal pools despite their significant contributions in these systems. In May of 2013, two vernal pools were visited at the Ohio Northern University Tidd-Oakes Farm in

Hardin County, Ohio, USA, to determine the vascular plant, algal and macroinvertebrate community composition and their corresponding physicochemical conditions. At each vernal pool, basic environmental parameters were recorded and pool morphometric characteristics were measured. In addition, the vascular plant community was surveyed, periphyton residing on leaf litter and loose sediments was sampled using cores and benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled using kicknets. In the lab, algae were identified to genus and invertebrates to family. Preliminary analysis indicates that water chemistry between these sites was circumneutral (pH 6.4-7.2) and of low specific conductance

(40-91 µS/cm). In addition, one pool was dominated by woody species ( Acer saccharum ) and the other by herbaceous species ( Eleocharis erythropoda and Leersia oryzoides ). Differences in vascular plant community composition influence light levels reaching these vernal pools and could play a role in the response of the macroinvertebrate and algal communities.

“Chemical Characterization of Mullein Flower Extracts”


Presenter: Nathan Robins (Plain City, OH)

Research Advisor: Christopher Bowers (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Lauren Frame; Vicki Motz

(Biological and Allied Health Sciences, ONU); David Kinder

(Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, ONU); Linda

Young (Biological and Allied Health Sciences, ONU)

A study is being conducted on the anti-bacterial properties of the invasive weed Verbascum thapsus , or common mullein. Mullein oils and extracts are commonly used as herbal medicines (e.g. in the treatment of earache). Extracts that were collected over the previous summer were dried and reconstituted. Samples were analyzed by both HPLC and GC-MS and were then submitted for biological testing.

This presentation will focus on the chemical characterization of these extracts.

“Chemotherapy 101”


Presenter: Sarah Elizabeth Meyer (Troy, OH)

Research Location: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit,

Toledo Children's Hospital


For a nurse working on the hematology/oncology unit, contamination is a concern when it comes to handling chemotherapy agents and/or patients receiving chemotherapy. Exposure to such agents can cause serious lifelong effects. Not only does the safe handling of chemotherapy affect the hospital staff, but improper administration can be harmful to the patients as well. A review of literature and hospital policy reveals several precautionary steps to decrease the risk of exposure for staff and family members of patients. This review led to the education of staff based on previous knowledge of safe handling antineoplastic agents as determined by a preeducation quiz. Educational sheets for faculty and patients/family members were also produced and distributed. Evaluation is currently in progress and will be available prior to presentation.

“College Students using Smartphone Fitness Apps: A Uses and Gratifications Approach”


Presenter: Brittany Paige Holland (Ada, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

College students are faced with many unique challenges, especially related to their personal health and overall fitness. As a result, many are turning towards their smartphones to assist in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

This study investigates the adoption of smartphone fitness apps among college student through the uses and gratifications of digital media. Through the use of one on one interviews and content analysis, I assessed what makes a student download specific smartphone fitness apps and what motivates these students to continue using these apps to reach their long term fitness goals.

“Controlling Pain in Hospice Patients: Educating Future

Nurses to Improve Patient Outcomes”


Presenter: Courtney V. Hanlon (North Olmsted, OH)

Research Advisor: Cynthia Woodfield (Nursing, ONU)

In recent decades the National Hospice and Palliative Care

Organization has worked to eradicate the many negative myths that exist about hospice care and educate the nation about the philosophy of hospice. As a result the number of hospice care hospital admissions has been on the rise making this a relevant topic in the field of nursing. Junior nursing majors in the baccalaureate nursing program at

Ohio Northern University were surveyed to gauge their level of confidence in caring for hospice patients as well as their knowledge on the subject of pain control in this population.

The same college class was educated about various medications, dosing, and administration methods for controlling pain in hospice patients at the end-of-life.

Following the lesson, a post test survey was distributed to the participating students to measure change in students knowledge and understanding of pain control in hospice populations.

“Correlating Results Obtained from Roche Cobas 6000 and Siemens Advia 1650”


Presenter: Kwaku N. Peprah (Kumasi, Ghana)

Research Advisor: Gerald Wehri (Clinical Chemistry

Department, New Vision Medical Laboratory)

ONU Faculty Sponsor: Lisa Walden (Nursing)

Background : This study was designed to determine the correlation between two chemistry analyzers in the medical laboratory. The results obtained by Roche Cobas 1650 and

Siemens ADVIA 1650 were compared to determined their

9 correlation with each other. Method : Forty (40) aliquoted serum samples were randomly selected for sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chloride (Cl) analysis on both chemistry analyzers using Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) methodology at

New Vision Medical Laboratories. Linear regression was used to analyze the results obtained from the analyzers.

The slope, intercept and coefficient were calculated from plots of data using a spread sheet. Where there was a positive or negative bias necessary adjustments were made.

Results : The plot of concentration of Na between the analyzers provided Slope=0.4901, intercept=73.71 and

R²=0.626. The plot of concentration of K between the analyzers provided Slope=0.8282, intercept=0.6762 and

R²=0.7952. Also, the plot of concentration of Cl between the two analyzers provided Slope=0.6056, intercept=39.988 and R²=0.626. Adjustment was made to the negative bias in slope. Discussion and Conclusion : Based on the study, it was concluded that the data provided by Roche Cobas 6000 correlates well with that of Siemens ADVIA 1650. With the adjustment in place, the two analyzers provided slopes greater than 50% indicating that both analyzers are capable of providing accurate results for medical laboratory operations.

“Criminal Recidivism and Mental Illness: Perspectives from Durkheim and Goffman”


Presenter: Rachael Aufdenkampe (Vermilion, OH)



Mental illness is examined from a psychological, biochemical, and sociological point of view. What I have found in my own research experiences and in previous studies, criminal recidivism for those with mental illness or addiction problems is quite high. Criminal behavior is often comorbid with some form of mental illness. Social constraints are also reasons as to why crimes are committed; the have-nots steal from the have-everythings.

The sociological point of view in regards to mental illness focuses on how social factors interact in the formation, prolonging, and treatment of mental illness. This is of substantive importance because mental health is a topic that is closely paid attention to in society, but little work appears to be done. This presentation encompasses theories from classical and contemporary sociology, namely the works of Durkheim and Goffman, on the exploration of mental illness and how it relates to criminal recidivism.

“Death and Dying: Nurses’ Perspectives and Coping with

Patient Loss”


Presenter: Alena Laura Rose Anderson (Jenison, MI)

Research Advisor: Susan Montenery (Nursing, ONU)

A literature review and Likert scale analysis of oncological staff nurses’ emotions in relation to patient death and dying at a local hospital. Staff rated their degree of stress, anxiety, grief, failure, disassociation, and relief on a 0-5 scale, 0 indicating no perceived emotion and 5 indicating the maximum perception of the emotion. Results were analyzed and a literature review was completed to identify similar trends and to suggest coping mechanisms. Findings were shared to address unit needs regarding nurses’ emotions and coping strategies during end of life care.

“Deep Vein Thrombosis Education for Post-op Patients”


Presenter: Chance S. Moore (New Albany, OH)

Research Location: 7K Orthopedic Unit, St. Rita's Medical

Center


The prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a top priority in caring for post-op patients because thromboses can lead to more serious life threatening events such as pulmonary embolisms, post-phlebitic syndrome, and death.

On the orthopedic surgical floor at St. Rita’s Medical Center, patients often ask nurses why they need to be wearing ted hose and compression devices and receiving anticoagulant therapy. This capstone project will provide further education to post-op patients in regards to DVT prevention based on data collected from discussion with the nursing staff on this floor. Patient education will include information on the purpose of pneumatic stockings, appropriate method to apply and remove sequential compression devices (SCDs), and correct anticoagulant administration for continued use at home. A pamphlet which includes DVT prevention educational information will also be distributed to the patients for reference information. The pamphlet will include research findings and information regarding DVT prevention. Additional information collected during this capstone project will be presented to staff/administration with the goal of continuing this as educational resource for patients at risk for developing DVTs.

“Different Types of Music and Their Effect on Cortisol

Levels over Time following Psychological Stress”


Presenters: Lauren Guerriero (Miamisburg, OH); Alexander

Robert Kneubehl (Masury, OH); Joseph Lawson (Uniontown,

PA); Alicia Green (Russellville, OH)

Research Advisor: Rema Suniga (Biological and Allied


Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal gland in response to physical or psychological stress. Studies have shown music can reduce the duration of the response to cortisol. Limitations of these studies have included gender skewing, small sample sizes, or failure to examine possible detrimental effects of music. This study investigated the effects of music on cortisol recovery rate following stress exposure. Twenty-four university aged students (18-23) were recruited and randomly assigned into three experimental groups. Upon arrival a baseline saliva sample was obtained and there was a 20 minute control period, involving a timed 3 minute mental arithmetic test with harassment and 17 minutes of quiet sitting. A second salivary sample was collected and another 20 minute period

(music period) was completed. During this time, each group was exposed to one of three auditory stimuli: white noise

(control condition), Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata”

(relaxing music), or Bunkur’s “Bludgeon” (intense music). A final salivary sample was then collected. Cortisol concentration was determined using an ELISA and multivariate statistical analysis (Wilks’ Lamdba, α =0.05) indicated that there was a significant rise in cortisol following the control period but there was no difference in their recovery rates during the music period.

“Discontinued Drugs: An Independent Study”


Presenter: Brandon P. Bourgeois (Niles, MI)

Research Advisor: Karen Kier (Pharmacy Practice, ONU)

Drugs are removed from the marketplace or voluntarily withdrawn for many reasons. Pharmaceutical companies may choose to no longer market a drug because it is not cost effective and has low profits. Sometimes there are legal issues surrounding the marketing and sale of a drug.

However, in the United States the biggest reason for taking a drug off the market is due to its mandate by the Food and

Drug Administration. A drug will be removed once its sale has begun due to issues with either failing to be safe,

10 effective, or both. There are many reasons to continue studying and learning about these drugs after their discontinued marketing. Sometimes health care professionals do not learn about these changes, and may continue prescribing discontinued agents for years after their withdrawal. The general public also may be slow to pick up on the withdrawal and often have questions regarding it. It is paramount to understand why the medication was not safe or effective and how this can be changed in the future to ensure this vital aspect to protecting patients. The included table lists many discontinued medications and the circumstances surrounding their withdrawal.

“Distributions and Compositions of Benthic Algal

Communities in the Upper Mad River Watershed, Ohio”


Presenter: Gabrielle K. Metzner (Delphos, OH)

Research Advisor: Robert Verb (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Alexander Kneubehl; Leslie Riley

(Biological and Allied Health Sciences, ONU); Dawn

DeColibus (Ball State U); Bethany Blakely (U of Notre Dame);

Chad Carroll (Alloway Environmental Testing)

The Upper Mad River watershed (Ohio) exists as one of the few spring-fed, cold freshwater environments in the state.

While limited surveys of the aquatic organisms of this watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the algal communities that dwell within. The focus of this investigation was two-fold: 1. survey the periphyton

(soft-bodied algae and diatoms) and macroalgae from the upper Mad River watershed, and 2. determine the relationship between the nature of these algal communities and selected environmental parameters. During April of

2012, eleven sites were sampled, three from the Mad River itself, and eight from tributaries of the Mad River. At each site, selected physical and chemical parameters were collected, along with macroaglal entities and periphyton communities from riffle habitats. A total of 74 genera of algae and aquatic plants were identified. Preliminary CCAs based on the periphyton and macroalgal communities were highly correlated with variables relating to stream morphology, turbidity and water temperature. These analyses also indicated that some of the sites suffered from in-stream habitat degradation as the result of anthropogenic activity.

“Dithered Quantization”


Presenter: Nicholas B. Saunders (West Mifflin, PA)

Research Advisor: William Fuller (Mathematics and

Statistics, ONU)

Robert M. Gray and Thomas G. Stockham wrote a paper called "Dithered Quantizers," which explores the mathematics and proofs behind some of the concepts and theorems involved with digitized audio signals modulated with random noise. In this project, we have revisited, corrected, and expanded the various theorems from Gray and Stockham to enhance knowledge of the topic and build an accurate mathematic model for general quantizers.

“Don't Sink When You Float”


Presenter: Andrew M. Neiheisel (Cincinnati, OH)

Research Location: Intensive Care Unit, Good Samaritan

Hospital


The practice of nurses floating to different floors is an efficient way to deal with staffing shortages, changes in

hospital census, and budget difficulties. However, many nurses express anxiety and frustration toward the floating experience. While float pools are present at many hospitals, these are often not enough to keep up with demands, and permanent staff is needed to float. At a 577-bed

Midwestern hospital, registered nurses from the ICU are frequently floated to the ICU-Step Down unit. Several negative experiences have been expressed such as inadequate orientation and disorganization. The purpose of this project is to eliminate much of the anxiety, frustration, and disorganization ICU nurses experience when floating to another unit, specifically ICU-Step Down. A "Float Nurse Tip

Sheet" for ICU nurses who float to ICU Step-Down was developed. This sheet includes information including contacts for physicians and other resource personnel, location of supplies and other necessary equipment, shift routines, door codes, unit specific procedures, and more. A survey will be completed using the Likert scale to assess nurses' attitudes of the usefulness of this tip sheet on the

ICU-Step Down unit.

“Eastern Sports and Propaganda Network: Searching for

Bias in SportsCenter's Coverage of Major Sports”


Presenter: Andrew James Kremyar (Stow, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

The professional sporting industry stands as one of the most profitable and pervasive businesses in the world. As such, citizens of the world should expect fair and balanced media coverage of this important industry. However, sports media leader ESPN often faces criticism for favoring specific players and teams within their coverage of professional sporting events. ESPN counters that the network is driven by ratings and audience reactions, as the channel places media dominance over journalistic integrity.

Synthesizing previous studies with personal observations and analysis of ESPN’s content, this research aims to determine whether the channel’s content accurately reflects audience interests or simply furthers ESPN’s quest for sports media dominance. This research predicts that ESPN’s coverage of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States (NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL) does not accurately represent audience interests. The findings indicate how ESPN can compromise between their needs to inform and entertain, balancing audience interest with journalistic integrity in each broadcast.

“Educational Needs on a Trauma Unit: Traumatic Brain

Injury, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Crohn’s Disease”


Presenter: Joshua Saunders (Dayton, OH)

Research Location: Trauma Unit, Miami Valley Hospital


Registered Nurses and Patient Care Technicians were surveyed on a trauma unit at Miami Valley Hospital in

Dayton, Ohio. The unit staff provides care to a variety of patient populations with varying diagnoses and medical histories in which treatment plans are specific to each patient. Staff informally reported weaknesses related to some patient diagnoses. As a result, the staff was given a list of ten disease processes to assess which they would desire to receive more information regarding pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, pharmacological interventions, and nursing interventions. The survey identified education opportunities related to traumatic brain injuries (TBI), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and

Crohn’s disease. Education was provided to the unit staff following this assessment. Understanding these diagnoses and treatments can facilitate comprehensive care by the

11 nursing staff. In a follow-up survey, staff identified feeling better prepared to care for these patient populations after the educational resources were provided.

“Effectiveness of Patient Discharge Education”


Presenter: Kaitlin Steinmetz (Willard, OH)

Research Location: Orthopedic/Neurology, Blanchard Valley

Hospital

Research Advisors: Christina Liebrecht (Nursing, ONU);

Susan Montenery (Nursing, ONU)

When patients are sent home from the hospital, they are then responsible for their own care including, but not limited to, safe medication administration, management of symptoms, and wound care. It is the nurses’ responsibility to ensure that patients are well prepared to meet all of their health care needs. Effective patient discharge education is essential in ensuring the patient’s well-being and positive healthcare outcomes. Review of literature suggests that patient education related to decreasing falls, preventing infections, and managing medications results in a decrease in readmission rates to the hospital. The purpose of this research is to survey the nursing staff on the

Orthopedic/Neurology floor at Blanchard Valley Hospital to

(1) determine whether they believe their discharge teaching is effective in decreasing complications and readmission rates, and to (2) confirm that their patients understand their responsibilities when they leave the unit. Based on the survey results, more efficient discharge education practices can be determined and implemented.

“Electron Transport in Porphyrin-based OPV Donor

Materials: A Computational Study”


Presenter: Morgan A. Hammer (Findlay, OH)

Research Advisor: Trilisa Perrine (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Zachary L. Dunn; Benjamin J.

Topham (Chemistry and Biochemistry, ONU)

Driven by the quest for cheaper, more efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs), we investigate a variety of functionalized linked porphyrin oligomers. Our previous computational studies of such molecules have elucidated architectures of interest based on results from electronic structure calculations at the DFT level of theory. Because trends in excitation energies alone do not dictate the capability of charge transport through a material, an investigation into electron transport is required to provide a more complete picture. In our study we implement

Landauer formalism (NEGF) to investigate these functionalized porphyrin oligomers. From such an analysis we hope to discover trends in functionalities that facilitate charge transport, gaining insight beneficial for rational design of OPV donor materials. Our electron transport calculations are carried out using the T-Chem code in Q-

Chem 4.1.

“Emile Durkheim's Suicide Theory and Media Body

Pressures”


Presenter: Julie A. Rice (Lodi, OH)



I will analyze the paradigm shift of the ideal female body with regards to modern society. Our perception of the ideal female body is increasing the number of eating disorders within the United States, and as a result, is increasing the number of deaths stemming from eating disorders. Our view on women changes frequently, and as a result, is

leading to an increased number of eating disorders. This phenomenon is present in everyday society and in every single person’s life, not just women, yet excels in present day America with the help of extreme influences by different forms of media. Men and women together create the ideal 'laws' that women are expected to follow, which makes it a social effect. There is lacks of consistency in the way people, women in particular, are expected to look; drastic changes are taken in order to meet the new and ever-changing norm. These dramatic measures are taken because there is no set 'normal' standard to follow, and it leaves people feeling desperate to fit in and sometime resulting in desperate measures. Furthermore, this evidence suggests that the phenomenon present is compatible with the research present in Emile Durkheim’s experiment with regards to suicide.

“Enhanced Recovery after Surgery”


Presenter: Kelli Wright (Forest, OH)

Research Location: Orthopedic/Neurology, Blanchard Valley

Hospital

Research Advisor: Christina Liebrecht (Nursing, ONU)

The primary goal of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is to improve recovery postoperatively and therefore prevent post-surgical complications, decrease the length of stay and improve patient satisfaction. Postoperative complications are a problem that occurs on surgical floors that can often be prevented. This capstone project involved creating a brochure for patients to receive upon admission to the Orthopedic and Neurology floor at Blanchard Valley

Hospital. The brochure contains evidence-based interventions that enhance the patient’s recovery after surgery. By receiving this educational brochure, the patient can be more aware of what may occur during the hospital stay and what can be done to improve the postoperative care. The brochure was refined after collaborating with the nursing staff, manager, and educator at Blanchard Valley

Hospital. During the research process, the nursing staff was surveyed after receiving the ERAS brochure to determine if the brochure would be beneficial to the patients and to identify if nurses are regularly providing postoperative teaching.

“Event Attendance Based on Social Media: A Focus on

Student Attendance at Campus Events”


Presenter: Mariah R. DiBiasio (Bowling Green, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

The event industry is quickly seeking the advantages of social media to promote attendance to events. In particular, students are assumed to be influenced by social media; therefore, college campuses use social media to advertise events to student. College campuses expect to see a higher amount of students attend events due to social media.

There is a lack of knowledge why college campuses are not receiving the best attendance to events even through the use of social media. Further studies of behaviors, motivations, and attraction of college students to event should be conducted.

“FireBot”


Presenter: Jordan Tabor (Ada, OH); Daric Long (Bath, OH)

Research Advisor: David Rouch (Technological Studies,

ONU)

Our project was to build a autonomous robot capable of putting out the flame on a candle.

12

“GC-MS Analysis of the Volatile Components of Herbal

Teas”


Presenter: Michael Herman (Leesville, OH)


Biochemistry, ONU)

During the summer of 2013, the volatile components of a variety of herbal teas were characterized by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) in a project funded by

ONU's Signature Program. The characterization was also aided by the NIST mass spectral database and Kovats

Retention Index calculations. It was found that volatile compounds exist in extremely complicated mixtures in herbal teas, and a list of over 150 tentatively identified compounds was created for further work.

“Herbal Tea: Chemical Characterization of Extracts Using

GC-MS and HPLC and Biological Evaluation of Efficacy

Using Kirby Bauer Test”


Presenter: Kathryn Miltner (Hudson, OH)

Research Advisors: Christopher Bowers (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU); Vicki Motz (Biological and Allied


Additional Researchers: Katherine Elsass; Michael Herman

Herbal teas claim to have natural pharmacological effects.

These teas consist of herbs blends composed of varying chemical compositions. Sixteen teas named for pharmacological actions were characterized and quantified using GC-MS and HPLC. Tea bags were prepared as directed or extracted in 20 ml of ethanol per gram of tea. The best solvent for extraction in terms of both total number of compounds and the concentration of each compound was ethanol. Extracts were dried and reconstituted to 1 gram of tea per gram of solvent and tested using the Kirby-Bauer method for efficacy against cold symptom causing bacteria.

Aqueous preparations of only one tea inhibited growth of

Staphylococcus aureus but not Streptococcus pneumoniae ,

Streptococcus pyogenes , Klebsiella pneumoniae , or

Corynebacterium xerosis . Nor were any of the ethanol extracts effective against K. pneumoniae or C. xerosis , and only four teas had minimal inhibition of S. pyogenes . Nine ethanol tea extracts exhibited significant inhibition of

Staphylococcus aureus ( α = 0.01) and eight ethanol tea extracts exhibited significant inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae ( α = 0.01). Although ethanol extracts of teas demonstrate antibiosis, teas prepared following package directions did not contain sufficient quantities of active compounds to inhibit bacterial growth.

“Human Waste-stream Loadings in an Agricultural

Watershed: Nutrients, Biomarkers, and Bacteria”


Presenters: Joanne Berry (Brunswick, OH); Abigail Thayer

(Painesville Twp, OH)

Research Advisor: Christopher Spiese (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

For decades, anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen and especially phosphorus into the western Lake Erie basin have led to eutrophic conditions in tributaries and the development of harmful algal blooms in the Lake. Both of these impacts have resulted in financial loss for lakeshore communities that rely on tourism as part of the local economy. To combat excessive nutrient loadings, several sources have been targeted for management, including waste water treatment plants, agriculture, and residential septic systems. The focus of this project is to better constrain the contribution of rural septic systems to phosphorus and nitrogen loadings into an agricultural

watershed. Several markers of human waste streams such as caffeine and halide ions were used to differentiate among the various sources of water to underground drainage tile. Coupled with measurements of nutrients, a clearer picture is developing about the sources of nutrients to the eutrophic Blanchard River. To date, our results show that caffeine and nitrogen did not have any significant correlation, suggesting that septic systems are not a significant source of nitrogen. Total phosphorus and caffeine are negatively correlated, while dissolved phosphorus and caffeine are positively associated. The chloride:fluoride (Cl:F) ratio, a marker for waste water, indicates that at least some amount of water in tile drainage does stem from onsite septic systems, although the relative amount is currently unknown due to uncertainty in the Cl:F ratio of septic effluent. The contribution of septic effluent to total flow is likely small, however. Together, these results suggest that rural septic systems are generally insignificant sources of nutrients to receiving waters, except perhaps in the case of dissolved P.

This ultimately leads to the conclusion that efforts to replace older systems and increased regulations on septic systems may yield limited benefit in terms of reducing eutrophication in Lake Erie.

“ICU Psychosis”


Presenter: Alyssa Marie Leonard (Parma, OH)

Research Location: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Fairview

Hospital


Delirium is classified by the DSM-IV as an acute mental disorder characterized by a short or sudden onset of disturbance in consciousness and/or cognitive changes, with evidence to support these changes being a result of a physical condition. Delirium is a prominent issue in hospitals, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). The composition of the patient population in intensive care units is diagnostically complex, requiring rigorous monitoring and care from a team of physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other specialty healthcare workers. The focus of this research and presentation will be on the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and the

Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) due to the usage of these screening tools in Fairview Hospital’s ICU (Fairview,

OH). Patients were selected for research based on a positive

CAM score or a positive/negative RASS score, indicating the presence of delirium. Patient diagnosis, history, CAM score,

RASS score, and relevant medications were included in the gathered data, which was then presented to Ohio Northern

University’s senior nursing class in chart form. Information regarding delirium and CAM and RASS scoring was also presented.

“Identifying Vacant and Abandoned Land for Reuse”


Presenter: Peter J. White (Lima, OH)

Research Location: Department of Community

Development, City of Lima, Ohio

Research Advisors: Richard Miller (Technological Studies,

ONU); Feng Jao (Technological Studies, ONU)

This project proposes using Geographical Information

Systems (GIS) to map parcel land data information such as tax delinquencies, land zoning, building demolitions, census tracts, and land values in the city of Lima, Ohio.

Topographical maps can be used as tools to identify vacant and blighted properties that meet criteria for land reuse.

The project will use a set of relevant attributes to create maps using GIS to provide community leaders, developers, and other interested parties with a resource that can

13 identify and evaluate vacant land for reuse. Governments encourage the conversion of under-utilized lots into positive tax revenue generating development such as green space, side lot additions, and new development.

“Impact of Caffeine on Cognitive Function and Brainwave

Activity”


Presenters: Lauren E. Titus (Springboro, OH); Shyla

Woodyard (Findlay, OH); Michael Chad Bridges (Farmington

Hills, MI); Alex Roth (Celina, OH); Ryan Paulus (Celina, OH);

Renee A. Chen (Van Wert, OH)

Research Advisors: Nancy Woodley (Biological and Allied

Health Sciences, ONU); Vicki Motz (Biological and Allied

Health Sciences, ONU); Rema Suniga (Biological and Allied


Caffeine has been shown to stimulate neural activity and increase cognitive function. To examine the effectiveness of

5-hour energy drink versus caffeine capsules on these functions, thirty college students were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: placebo (flour) or caffeine, administered at 3 mg per kg of body weight either as capsules or 5-hour energy drink. Fasting (12 hours) electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha and beta waves were recorded for five minutes followed by a 30-second Stroop test. Participants then consumed the test substances. Thirty minutes post consumption, another EEG recording was obtained, followed by a different Stroop test. Both caffeine and 5-hour energy groups showed significant decreases in time to complete the Stoop test compared to the untreated baseline (p<0.005). There was no change in beta wave activity at rest following treatment consumption. Beta waves significantly increased during Stroop testing in all groups and the caffeine capsule group showed a significant augmentation in Stroop test beta wave amplitude which was not seen in control or 5-hour energy groups (p<0.05).

Therefore, caffeine pills were more effective than 5-hour energy drink in providing a quick (30-minute) boost in brain function.

“Impact of Peer Habits and Sleep Problems on Drug Use”


Presenter: Chahdael B. Smith (Toledo, OH)

Research Advisor: Megan Clegg-Kraynok (Psychology,


Introduction : Previous research has shown that insufficient sleep and peer use of illicit drugs have a negative linear effect on adolescents’ substance abuse. Sleep times ≤ 7 hours and peer use have been associated with marijuana use. The current study aims to examine the link between nightmares/trouble sleeping and peer use of illicit drugs among adolescents referred to a county court for behavioral or legal problems. We hypothesized peer use of illicit drugs and participant report of nightmares and trouble sleeping would both be related to reports of frequent drug use. Methods : Participants included 66 adolescents aged 14-18. Data was from a secondary data source. The questions “Have you had nightmares/trouble sleeping in the past year” (yes/no) and “Have your peers used drugs in the past 90 days” (yes/no), were treated as independent variables and a scale measuring substance problems in the last month as the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using an ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Results : Participants reporting trouble sleeping and nightmares were more likely than those without sleeping difficulty to have a substance problem during the last 30 days (M=4.13, SD= .51)[F(1,62)=12.58,p<0.05,d= 1.25]. Peer use was also independently related to higher levels of substance problems (M=4.44, SD=.56) [F(1,62)=19.28,p<

0.05,d=1.32]. Moreover, an interaction was found between

peer use and trouble sleeping/nightmares, showing that those with sleep issues and with peers who used illicit drugs were more likely to have a substance problem in the last month (M=6.69, SD=.72)[F(1,62)=6.77,p<0.05,d=1.65].

Conclusion : Adolescents with sleeping difficulty as well as peers who used drugs independently influence substance problems, though peer influence on drug use is well researched. The current results suggest the importance of monitoring sleep troubles, particularly among at-risk youth, as this might be an indicator of or impetus for drug use or relapse.

“Improving Stress Levels in Nurses through Education and Remediation”


Presenter: Gregory Scott Wyenandt (Mason, OH)

Research Location: Medical Surgical Cardiac Step-Down

Unit, Lima Memorial Health Systems


Nursing is a physically and emotionally demanding career which can lead to unhealthy levels of stress. Stress is the body’s response to experiences in which there is a need to heighten the body’s response to certain alarming events.

Harmful stress levels affecting the mind and body can be debilitating to a staff nurse working on a busy medical unit.

Stress levels and individual coping mechanisms of staff nurses were identified and evaluated through a researcherdesigned survey. Education of these staff nurses included information about the dangers of stress and the most effective and beneficial methods used to relieve work stress. Staff nurses were also provided a pamphlet that indicated these stress relieving actions. A post-test survey evaluated staff nurses' ability to identify the effectiveness of stress education. Some of the staff found the education to be very helpful and have used it to decrease their stress levels. Other surveyed nurses either found the information helpful but didn’t do anything to change their stress relief methods, or they disregarded the pamphlet entirely.

“Improving the Assessment of Pain in the Pediatric

Population”


Presenter: Cassandra J. DeWulf (Mishawaka, IN)

Research Location: 6E Pediatric Unit, St. Rita's Medical

Center


There are many different assessment tools used in healthcare facilities that help clinicians determine how much pain a child is experiencing. Many of these tools include pain scales, some of which represent pain with faces, while others represent pain with numbers. Since pain assessment is a critical component of pain management, it is vital that a clinician assess a patient’s pain in the most accurate manner possible. It is a highly debated topic of whether young children have the cognitive capability to accurately rate their pain using these pain scales. Because of this, there is a varied use of pain scales used for different age ranges in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to identify which pain scales are most commonly used on which age ranges on the 6E Pediatric

Unit at St. Rita’s Medical Center and gain staff feedback on the process of pain assessment on this unit, including possible changes to be implemented. This information was obtained through surveying staff nurses on the unit. A review of the literature on pain scales used in different age populations was conducted to obtain information on which pain scales are recommended for designated age groups.

After research is conducted, staff education will be implemented on the unit about the use of pain scales for the pediatric population. In addition, informational index

14 cards will be distributed to the staff nurses that contain literature-recommended pain scales.

“Influence of Wood Type on Diatom and

Macroinvertebrate Colonization Patterns”


Presenter: Michael Christopher Taylor (Pataskala, OH)


Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Nanami Akiyama, Chad Carroll

(Alloway Environmental Testing), Dawn DeColibus, Ray

Foster, Amber Goforth, Darren Rubino (Hanover College),

Leslie Riley (Biological and Allied Health Sciences, ONU)

Woody debris plays numerous roles in aquatic systems including retention of particulate matter and the provision of available habitat and stable for aquatic organisms. Thus, this study set out to determine the impact of different types of woody debris on algal and macroinvertebrate colonization patterns and the role macroinvertebrates had in shaping the epidendric diatom community. Nine different wood types were cut into 10-cm segments. Wood pieces were assigned to either a caged (macroinvertebrate exclusion) or uncaged treatment. Over the course of eight weeks, six segments of each wood type (three caged, three uncaged) were extracted on a weekly basis and processed for diatoms and macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrate diversity and richness significantly increased with respect to time and were significantly different with respect to wood type. However diatom diversity and richness were not significantly impacted by wood type. A weak positive relationship was found between diatom richness and invertebrate abundance. While the wood substrate made an excellent habitat there was, in most cases, a limited preference of taxa towards a particular wood type.

“Inverse Demand-Diels-Alder Reactions of 3-

Formylchromones”


Presenters: Aaron J. Sullivan (Louisville, OH); Daniel C.

Steigerwald (Westerville, OH); Benjamin Kasting (Fort

Wayne, IN)

Research Advisor: Brian Myers (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU); Jake Zimmerman (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Additional Researcher: Olivia Johntony

We have found that 3-formylchromones participate in open air radical Inverse Demand-Diels-Alder reactions with a dienophile. The radical reactions took place under open air conditions in a short amount of time, as quickly as ten minutes. Various chromones with substituents at R1 were studied and their corresponding products were used to build a library of compounds to test for biological activity.

“Investigation of the Ground- and Excited-state Dipole

Moments of a Series of Substituted Benzofluorenone

Dyes Using Lippert-Matag”


Presenter: Laila Oudean (Birchwood, TN)

Research Advisor: Tevye Celius (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Additional Researcher: Sarah Smith

Benzofluorenone dyes are known to exhibit strong solvatochromic properties and are sensitive to the position of electron donating groups on the phenyl ring of the chromophore. In this study we will estimate the changes in the excited state dipole moments as a function of electron donation ability and as a function of substituent position by carrying out Lippert-Mataga analyses.

“Isolation Contamination”


Presenter: Mary Schulze (New Bremen, OH)

Research Location: 6K renal/ telematry, St. Rita's Medical

Center


My goal is to inform nurses about different types of isolation, the personal protective equipment they should wear, and why it is important to prevent the spread of these infections. According to the CDC, isolation is used to separate ill persons who have a communicable disease from those who are healthy. There are three different types of isolation: airborne, droplet, and contact. Each isolation type has different personal protective equipment (PPE) that must be used when entering a patient’s room. PPE includes gloves, goggles, gowns, and a mask. If a patient has

Clostridium difficile ( C.diff

), MRSA, norovirus, rotavirus, or

VRE, that patient is put into a contact isolation room.

Patients with respiratory viruses, bordetella pertussis , and in the first 24 hours of therapy for Neisseria meningitides and group A streptococcus need to put into droplet precautions. Last, but not least, patients with tuberculosis

(TB), measles, chickenpox and patients who are immunocompromised need to be placed into airborne isolation. According to the CDC, everyday about 1 in every

20 hospitalized patients has an infection caused by receiving medical care. This percentage is huge; it means that on 6K where when they have a full floor with 28 patients at least 1 of them will get a healthcare-associated infection (HAIs). HAIs increase healthcare cost not only for the patient but for the hospital as well. That is why as nurses it is so important for us to wear our PPE to protect ourselves, our families and also our patients and their families from infections.

“Language Translation Techniques”



Research Advisor: Mary Kempen (Modern Languages, ONU)

During the Spring 2012 semester I completed an independent study in translation theories. The issue of translating a text from one language to another might initially seem trivial, but it can quickly become quite complicated. Scholars have formulated various techniques that may be helpful. Two books on the topic were used: In

Other Words by Mona Baker (1992) and Exploring

Translation Theories by Anthony Pym (2010). Each author to a degree describes similar techniques, but they vary in their methodical approach to translation. Both authors point out the idea of equivalence and the issue of nonequivalence between two languages, as well as “nontranslatable” phrases. Both authors focus on the experience beyond the word level, showing techniques to translate the theme of the text as a whole into the target language and emphasize coherence, particularly Baker. Techniques spearheaded by individual translators are further analyzed:

Baker looks at the positions of Halliday and the Prague

School, whereas Pym details the Skopos approach and its problems, and the work Holz-Mänttäri, among others.

Overall, translation of a text can be a difficult and challenging task, and the individual translator must use known techniques and their best judgment to produce an accurate translation.

“Low-energy Electron Diffraction Applied to the Surface

Investigation of Boron-doped Silicon”


Presenter: Ashley Ernst (McHenry, IL)

Research Advisor: Mellita Caragiu (Physics and Astronomy,

ONU)

15

Boron-doped silicon samples show a diffusion of B atoms from the bulk to the surface, accompanied by the surface reconstruction of the silicon wafer. The present study investigates the boron-induced surface reconstruction of

Si(111), via low-energy electron diffraction (LEED).

Computationally obtained I(E) spectra when compared to the corresponding experimental curves resolve the atomic structure of the (√3x√3)R30º-B phase, and confirm that boron occupies substitution sites underneath Si atoms, in agreement with the findings of previous studies.

“M in the Box: Importance of Medication Education”


Presenter: Samantha Atkinson (Hilliard, OH)

Research Location: CCU step down, St. Rita's Medical Center


Patients need to be educated on each new medication that is introduced during their stay. This medication education then needs to be reiterated several additional times to ensure that patients fully understand the purpose for each medication they are taking, the side effects of each medication, and proper administration instructions. If the patient does not fully understand any one of these factors, they are less likely to be compliant and their safety can be impaired. There will be a new system put into place at a local hospital for the nurses called “M in the Box” that will serve as a way for nurses to educate their patients about the new medications they will be taking. In addition to verbal teaching, a handout will be clipped to a magnet and attached to the board in each individual patient’s room that contains key facts about the new medications to provide a reference for the patient and their family members. This handout will be available for the patients to take home with them upon discharge.

“Maintenance of Central Line Accesses”


Presenter: Tara M. Bailey (Seven Hills, OH)

Research Location: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hardin

Memorial Hospital


Novice nurses lack the in-depth knowledge needed to identify the variety of intravenous (IV) access devices and best practices related to infection prevention.

Complications of peripheral IV devices, such as infiltration, thrombosis, sclerosis, and infection, occur, making central venous access the preferred route for IV med and fluid administration. This capstone project focuses on the identification and maintenance of different central line accesses such as PICCS, Ports, and Lines. This project will be presented to the Intensive Care Unit staff and hospital administrators, and a researcher-designed booklet containing venous access devices will be distributed to the staff nurses to use as a resource. It is the intention of this project to provide all nursing staff with practical information regarding central line access devices, criteria for selection of the device, and safe maintenance of the devices.

“Managed Pain: A True Assessment of Patient Pain”


Presenter: Kate Young (Lima, OH)

Research Location: 7K Orthopedic Unit, St. Rita's Medical

Center


Postoperative pain management is vital for a patient’s overall recovery, including rehabilitation, comfort, and satisfaction. Using the numeric pain rating scale (NRS), pain is evaluated by patients as the fifth vital sign. The patient’s

perception of pain may vary in relation to nurse’s perceptions. Effective pain control is only possible through a complete understanding of what pain management is and a reliable pain assessment. The purpose of this study is to explore how the NRS is being used to manage postoperative pain and educate nursing staff on what managed pain means to the patient. Information was gained through surveying patient room boards and a review of literature.

Education on pain management was provided for staff nurses during unit meetings. Nurses need to discuss pain management with patients to correctly assess pain and medicate properly.

“Manipulation of Physical Pain Tolerance as a Result of

Optimistic/Neutral Confederate Cues”


Presenters: Jennifer N. Cramer (Convoy, OH); Brandon

Johnson (Churubusco, IN); Eric Eisenmann (Broadview

Heights, OH); Jessica Cunningham (Cleveland, OH)


Pain is a multifaceted phenomenon which causes discomfort for individuals. The intrinsically pressing, unpleasant nature of pain makes research to decrease pain valuable. Positive emotion has been consistently shown to decrease the perception of pain. Additionally, an individual within a group has been shown to have an impact on group emotion and group outcomes. Tying these ideas together as a group cold pressor was a novel methodology; we attempted to examine the effects of positive cues from a confederate on the subjective pain ratings due to cold pressor induced pain. This study is currently in progress.

However, we expect that participants who are exposed to positive cues instead of neutral cues from a confederate will have lower pain ratings. However, due to the potential confounds of group sex differences, optimism scores, and emotion before the experiment, we may not achieve the desired results.

“Matrix Effect Corrections for X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

Analysis of Binary and Ternary Systems”


Presenter: Sean M. O'Neill (Elkhart, IN)


Biochemistry, ONU)

Quantitative analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is subject to significant matrix effects where the analytical signal of interest is affected not only by the analyte element concentration, but also the concentration and identity of the other elements present (the matrix). This work shows examples of analyses subject to matrix effects and illustrates simple matrix correction methods for binary and ternary systems. It has been found that simple mixtures of metallic powders are suitable samples for this purpose. The primary goal of this work is the development of a laboratory exercise suitable for an undergraduate teaching lab.

“Music: A Enhancer or Distractor of Mental Focus”


Presenters: Liz Catherine Lendrum (Shreve, OH); Emily

Rebecca Markey (Huntersville, NC); Taylor Nicole Somogyi

(Highland Heights, OH); Jayme Rochelle Wright (Coldwater,

OH)





16

There is conflicting evidence of music’s impact on cognition, with some studies indicating enhanced cognition and others noting distraction. Some of this disparity may be due to methodological differences. To determine whether music genre affects reading comprehension, thirty undergraduate students (15 male and female) were tested in the presence of music (rock, pop, or classical music) and with white noise (control). Participants were randomly divided into three groups, and each took two different but equally difficult reading comprehension tests. Participants had a 3.25 minute reading period and a 3 minute response period. One test was given with white noise and the second was administered with one of the three musical genres. The number of correct answers out of 10 was scored for each testing condition. No difference was observed in reading comprehension between white noise (6.29 +/- 1.69) and music (6.71 +/- 2.03). The conflicting results observed in this study and others may have less to do with music genre and more to do with music preferences.

“Myths and Realities: Are Ohio and America Polarized or

Sorted?”

Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well

Presenter: John Alexander Curiel (Crystal Lake, IL)

Research Advisors: Robert Alexander (History, Politics and

Justice, ONU); Robert Waters (History, Politics and Justice,

ONU); Rebecca Brooks (Psychology, Sociology, and Criminal

Justice, ONU)

As America faces political brinksmanship and partisan disputes, the national credit suffers and government grinds to a halt. When elected officials justify their partisan actions, they claim they to act in their constituents’ ideologically extreme interests. Political elites argue the electorate is polarized between two distinct parties pure in ideology. Yet what if this is all a misperception? Using data from the Congressional Cooperative Election Study from

2006 to 2012, I demonstrate that while the American electorate appears polarized due to bimodal distribution of partisanship, most hold moderate beliefs. Across a range of issues, such as deficit reduction and abortion, Americans hold non-extreme beliefs in clear contrast to the idea of a polarized electorate. Closer analysis of Ohioans reveals a lack of substantive significant differences between Ohioans and other Americans to demonstrate a similar lack of polarization. The data suggests that Ohio and the nation are partisan sorted; individuals sort and shape their opinions according to party ID and cues from party elites within while not adopting extreme views themselves. These results produce wide implications on whether the party system represents Americans’ best interests and the suitability of the Electoral College.

“New Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit”


Presenter: Anna Rebecca House (Mechanicsburg, OH)

Research Location: Intensive Care Unit, Good Samaritan

Hospital


The purpose of this capstone research project is to determine new graduate nurses’ perceptions regarding preparation to enter into a critical care field directly after graduation. The hypothesis that new graduate nurses feel overwhelmed with some aspect(s) of starting out in this field, such as skill level, decision making, or disease process knowledge was examined. A survey was administered to new nurses in the Intensive Care Unit at a

Midwestern hospital. The survey aimed at discovering graduates perceptions during the first months on the job, specific to preparation, deficits, and the orientation period.

Survey results were shared with the nurse manager and

nursing educators. The findings of this research, relayed through the creation of a new orientation packet, will allow for the Intensive Care Unit to better orientate their new graduate nurses and to provide future new graduate nurses with helpful information when beginning on this unit.

“NFL Head Injuries: A Content Analysis”


Presenter: Kaila Lewis (Carmel, IN)


Media Studies, ONU)

The case study being presented investigates the NFL and the affects of head injuries on the players. Through a eight year content analysis of materials, various aspects of how player head injuries are dealt with through the NFL on a multitude of levels. Key highlights of the case study include the role of families after player injury, the links of head injuries to player illness such as depression and

Alzheimer’s, and the new rules being implemented in order to regulate the number injuries.

“Novel PO Ligands Derived from Vanillin for Palladiumcatalyzed Coupling”


Presenter: Andrew K. Bowser (Farmersville, OH)

Research Advisor: Bradley Wile (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

This presentation will describe the development of a new ligand derived from vanillin. Palladium complexes derived from these ligand are evaluated as catalysts for the Suzuki-

Miyaura coupling of aryl groups.

“On- and Off-stage Behavior: An Analysis of Hospital

Policies”


Presenter: Jill L. Amos (Wooster, OH)

Research Location: 7100, Akron General Medical Center


The conduct of medical professionals, commonly referred to as “on and off stage” behaviors, is observed by patients and their families which results in varied opinions of the health institution. Personal experiences of patients and families reflect positively or negatively upon the institution where medical professionals work. The purpose of this study is to discover how other hospitals have implemented a professional behavior policy. An in-depth review of the literature was conducted to gain information regarding the tools used to measure professional behaviors and hospital policies addressing “on and off stage" behaviors. The results of this study will help Akron General Medical Center develop their own professional behavior policy. At the conclusion of this study, results will be presented to the staff on a medical surgical unit and to the Professional

Practice and Service Excellence Council at Akron General

Medical Center.

“Overcoming Barriers of Pediatric End-of-life and

Palliative Care”


Presenter: Carlin Olmstead (Powell, OH)

Research Location: Endocrinology/Renal/GI/Genetics Unit,

Nationwide Children's Hospital


Pediatric palliative care focuses on providing symptom relief of pain and stress to a child with a terminal illness.

The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of life of not just the child but the family as well. On a specialty unit at a large, regional, Ohio pediatric hospital, end-of-life and

17 palliative care is relatively unfamiliar and often an intimidating territory for the nurses on this unit. Patients with many congenital and terminal illnesses may be hospitalized on the unit for an extended period of time, even until the end-of-life. This causes the nursing staff to verbalize feelings of knowledge deficit in providing palliative care to children. Research was conducted about the barriers that nurses face in providing palliative care to children, and a teaching project was designed to provide nursing staff on the unit with information on overcoming these barriers. The ultimate goal of this project is to increase the nurses' knowledge and decrease their fears in providing palliative care to children, so that children and their families who are receiving palliative care can experience quality care at the end-of-life with reduced pain and stress.

“Pax Americana and the Rise of Drones”


Presenter: James D. Lee (Highland Heights, OH)

Research Advisor: Michael Loughlin (History, Politics and

Justice, ONU)

The United States of America has been in a war against terror since 2001. Since then, military successes have been accomplished, such as the targeted killing of Osama Bin

Laden, as well as other key Taliban and Al Qaeda leaders.

But what is the cost of using drones in areas where the civilian population get killed? This paper examines the legality of using drones in international foreign territory.

The conclusion I make is that the US is involved in a slippery slope that will result in the end of Pax Americana, as well as being embroiled in an international legal spat in the future due to the potential illegal use of such drones.

“Peculiar Velocities of Wide-angle Tailed Radio Galaxies”


Presenter: Thomas E. Steinberger (Ada, OH)

Research Advisor: Jason Pinkney (Physics and Astronomy,

ONU)

We analyze photometry and redshifts of clusters containing

WAT (Wide Angle Tailed) radio galaxies with the goal of clarifying the connection between the WATs' bent tail morphology and the dynamical state of their host cluster.

We have gathered data for 18 WAT clusters from a variety of sources. We've obtained B, V, and R CCD mosaics from the Kitt Peak 0.9m telescope, and g and r CCD images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The redshifts come from the MX multifiber spectrograph, Gemini GMOS, and

SDSS. The redshifts allow us to calculate the WAT peculiar velocities (i.e. radial velocity relative to the cluster) for all

18 clusters. Significant peculiar velocities were found for

39% of the clusters before correcting for substructure, and

35% after. Our deep imaging reveals that most WATs are associated with first ranked galaxies with extended stellar envelopes that usually show distortions. Moreover, WATs are usually found near peaks in the galaxy surface density.

We conclude that most WATs have small but nonzero

speeds within their host subclusters. For some, the speeds may be high enough to bend the radio tails.

“Pediatric Pocket Guide: Enhancing Patient Care”


Presenter: Heather Anne Moore (Lewis Center, OH)

Research Advisor: Kami Fox (Nursing, ONU)

The pediatric population is one that requires special knowledge for assessment. Expected assessment findings/ developmental milestones vary by age and it is important for nurses to understand these different stages. New graduate nurses experience extreme amounts of pressure

to provide efficient, effective, and safe holistic care to each patient. Having a pocket guide concerning pediatric developmental milestones can assist student nurses and experienced nurses when encountering children and families within the healthcare arena. Death and dying can be a difficult topic for children to understand. This pocket guide is a tool that can be used to decide the best way to relay information to a child, whether information about his/her diagnosis or a diagnosis of his/her parent/guardian. In this project a pocket guide with this information was presented to a group of third-year nursing students at Ohio Northern University. After an informational presentation and distribution of the pocket guide to the students, a survey was administered to the students.

“Plasma Sheath Dependence on Power to the Electrode”


Presenter: Nicholas R. Weiner (Akron, OH)

Research Advisor: William Theisen (Physics and Astronomy,

ONU)

Plasma is an ionized gas often considered to be the fourth state of matter. Since plasmas consists of positively and negatively charged particles, like electrons and positively charged ions, plasmas will often behave quite differently than neutral gasses particularly in electric fields, magnetic fields, and near the plasma boundaries. A plasma that is in contact with a material wall, will form a sheath near the wall with a very high electric field inside. When several dust particles are placed in the plasma, they will float near the edge of the sheath, and therefore the motion of these particles can help characterize the sheath. A metal rectangular confining well was placed upon a negative electrode, then two dust particles were placed in this metal rectangular confining well. We varied the power to the electrode and gathered data on a variety of oscillation modes, such as the center of mass mode, the breathing mode, and the rotation mode.

“Possible Antibacterial Efficacy of Cockroach Brain

Lysates”


Presenter: Emily Fruth (Bucyrus, OH)

Research Advisor: Linda Young (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Vicki Motz (Biological and Allied

Health Sciences, ONU); Curtis Young (OSU)

Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in modern medicine. Natural sources are being investigated as a promising solution to the growing problem of multi-drug resistant organisms. Previous research indicated brain lysates of American cockroaches possessed antibacterial properties, yielding over a 90% reduction in MRSA and E. coli K1 colonies. Although primary research showed promising results, clinically significant methods were not utilized during original experimentation, nor while demonstrating the effects of various heat treatments on the potency of the lysates. In addition, it was not demonstrated how to yield the most effective lysate for potential antibiotic use. To determine how to obtain the most effective lysate, American cockroach brains were thoroughly homogenized and subjected to various heat treatments. A standardized number of MRSA and E. coli bacteria were added to brain lysates, incubated for 18 hours, and inoculated onto media for 24 hours to obtain bacterial colony counts. It was predicted that mild heating would enhance antibacterial properties of the lysates; however, no antibacterial properties were observed with any lysate treatment. Additional experimentation was conducted utilizing the same procedures outlined in the

18 original research article in an attempt to replicate data; however, once again, no significant antibacterial properties were observed.

“Post-learning Stress Facilitates Long-term Memory

Consolidation”


Presenters: Rachael L. Aufdenkampe (Vermilion, OH); Callie

M. Brown (Grove City, OH); Amanda R. Scharf (Pittsburgh,

PA); Alison M. Dailey (Parma, OH); McKenna B. Earley (Stow,

OH); Courtney L. Knippen (Wapakoneta, OH); Elizabeth D.

Scholl (Galloway, OH)


Additional Researchers: Andrea E. Kalchik; David M. Peters;

Chelsea E. Cadle; Boyd R. Rorabaugh (Pharmaceutical and

Biomedical Sciences, ONU)

Stress-induced alterations of learning and memory underlie the formation of traumatic memories and, thus, one of the most debilitating and costly psychological disorders that society faces, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

However, the effects of stress on learning and memory are complex and still poorly understood. One relatively consistent finding in this area has been that post-learning stress enhances long-term memory; however, recent work has challenged this view with contradictory findings.

Therefore, we examined the influence of post-learning stress on 24-hr declarative memory. Fifty-two participants learned a list of words varying in emotional valence and arousal and were then given an immediate free recall test.

Participants then submerged their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold (stress) or warm (no stress) water for 3 min.

Twenty-four hours later, participants returned to the laboratory and completed free recall and recognition assessments. Results indicated that stress enhanced participants’ long-term free recall, while having no effect on recognition memory. Also, females in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle recalled more arousing than nonarousing words following stress exposure. These findings suggest that post-learning stress studies may serve as a model of traumatic memory formation and that postlearning stress exerts effects on memory that depend on female hormone levels.

“Preliminary Measurement of Plasma Sheath for Varying

Plasma Density”


Presenter: Nicholas R. Weiner (Akron, OH)

Research Advisor: William Theisen (Physics and Astronomy,

ONU)

Additional Researcher: Terrence Sheridan (Physics and

Astronomy, ONU)

Plasma is an electrically conducting gas made of electrically charged ions and electrons. The plasma sheath is a boundary layer that separates the plasma from a solid surface. In plasma processing, energy ions gain in the sheath is used to modify the surfaces of materials such as silicon, creating semiconductor devices used in electronic things like iPads. We present some results from experiments in the Dusty O.N.U. experimenT (DONUT) measuring properties of the plasma sheath using microscopic dust motes for different plasma densities.

“Racial and Ethnic Kidney Transplant Disparities”


Presenter: Maria Kay Daley (Celina, OH)



The social structure or class and socioeconomic status influence the person’s life chances, life choices, and life styles which limit the ability for black, hispanics, and other ethnicities to receive pre-end stage nephrology treatment and living donor kidney transplant. The bureaucratic system follows written rules and regulations that determine the patient’s eligibility for end stage nephrology treatment and living donor kidney transplant. Following the rules and regulations can cause inequality among racial/ethnic minorities in need of a kidney transplant. Factors such as socioeconomic status, health insurance, biology, and access contribute to inequality. The rules and regulations are not always followed which will cause inequality in kidney transplant patients. The bureaucratic system has the ability to limit blacks, hispanics, and other ethnicities from receiving pre-end stage nephrology treatment and living donor kidney transplant in the United States. 'The long term effects of racial discrimination, both structurally and personally mediated, intentional and unintentional, are well established as causal factors for racial/ethnic differences in health outcomes in the United States and may contribute to the observed racial/ethnic differences in access to preemptive living donor transplantation.' (Patzer 2013:

1778). Racial and ethnic kidney transplant disparities is an important social phenomenon to understand the influences of the social structure toward life chances, life choices, life styles, and bureaucracy which cause racial and ethnic kidney transplant disparities in the United States. The preend stage nephrology treatment and living donor kidney transplant rates should be improved among blacks, hispanics, and other ethnicities.

“Radical Women: Comparing Miley and Madonna through a Content Analysis of Mass Media”


Presenter: Ashlee McDonnell (Elida, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

The way the media has covered both Madonna and Miley

Cyrus has made their rebellious attitudes and images into instant stardom. A content analysis views the portrayal of

Madonna and Miley Cyrus by the media as they started to become more radical and start to make their fame known.

Results indicates that Madonna was shown in a more positive light than Miley Cyrus in three key publications.

Specific examples will be cited and discussion is asserted to support the results.

“Reactions from a Post-Game Rant”


Presenter: Courtney Smith (Ada, OH)


Media Studies, ONU)

Typically, post-game sports interviews are calm and provide viewers with more information about a key moment in the game. Following the 2014 National Football

Conference Championship Game, Seattle Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman's post-game interview turned into a rant directed towards San Francisco 49ers wide receiver Michael Crabtree. I plan to review newspaper articles and online articles about the rant to gain a general idea as to how Sherman acted. In addition, I will read reactions, both positive and negative, that have been posted on Facebook and Twitter for actual thoughts from people. I expect to find a wide assortment of reactions from

Sherman's rant. This will show how one interview or comment can result in a number of responses.

“Recyclable Aqueous-phase Catalysts from Ligands

Appended Using a Thiol-ene 'Click' Approach”

19


Presenter: Lindsay C. Wiener (Cincinnati, OH)

Research Advisor: Bradley Wile (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Progress towards the synthesis of transition metal complexes for recyclable aq.-phase catalysis featuring a PEG moiety is described. Catalysts are derived from ligands prepared using a thiol-ene 'click' approach to attach moieties.

“Regression Model for Blue Crabs ( Callinectes sapidus )”


Presenters: Lucas Erickson (Lima, OH); Sam Schroeder

(Leipsic, OH); Lance D. Alley (Millersport, OH); Kilian

TysonMayer (Clawson, MI)

Research Advisor: Stephen Kolomyjec (Biological and Allied


Additional Researcher: Tyler Thomas

The Atlantic blue crab ( Callinectes sapidus ) is an important commercial species along the eastern coast of the United

States. However, recent years have seen a decline in the annual harvest; one cause of this decline is the overharvesting of blue crabs. The Florida stone crab faced a similar problem; however, its harvest is now managed at a sustainable level. One factor in this was the use of models to quickly estimate multiple attributes (e.g. age, mass, width) from a single measurement, such as claw length.

This led to changes in harvesting regulations to create sustainable harvesting practices. No such model previously existed for C. sapidus . We captured over fifty blue crabs.

Each was measured for mass, claw length, claw width, body mass, body width, and height. Using primary component analysis, we are able to show a strong relationship between each of these variables. We then used this data to construct a model whereby a single variable can be measured and used to estimate the other attributes of a blue crab, allowing for rapid assessment of suitability for harvest.

“Reverse-phase HPLC Examination of Paracetamol

Metabolism in Rat Liver Microsomes”


Presenters: Jessica Lynn Harris (Medina, OH); Andrew David

Ziegler (Eastlake, OH)

Research Advisors: Kimberly Broekemeier (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU); Nicole Karn (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Acetaminophen is one of the most commonly used analgesics in the world. Intentional and unintentional overdosing of acetaminophen is the leading cause of hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure in the United States and the United Kingdom. We examined the metabolism of acetaminophen by rat liver microsomes using reverse phase

HPLC with caffeine as an internal standard. The peak area of eluted acetaminophen increased linearly with the amount of acetaminophen injected at concentrations from

0.001 mg/mL to 0.1 mg/mL, and the ratio of acetaminophen to caffeine also showed a linear relationship in that concentration range. After the correlation was established, an incubation utilizing microsomes, NADPH,

GSH, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was performed. Addition of perchloric acid to stop the metabolic process altered the retention times of the caffeine and acetaminophen, but subsequent addition of

NaOH to the extraction mixture restored retention times to near original values. Utilizing a mobile phase of 93:7 (water to acetonitrile), retention times of 3.6 minutes and 8.1 minutes were attained for acetaminophen and caffeine, respectively. Once incubation and extraction procedures are optimized, this system will be used to examine effectors of

acetaminophen metabolism. The method will also be used to examine less-studied drugs such as synthetic marijuana.

“RGS 2 and RGS 4 Differentially Modulate G-proteincoupled Receptor-signaling in the Mouse Aorta”


Presenter: Paige M. Garber (Cincinnati, OH)

Research Advisor: Boyd Rorabaugh (Pharmaceutical and

Biomedical Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Albert Bui; Sarah Seeley

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins terminate G protein signaling by enhancing the rate of guanosine-5'triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis. We compared the ability of

RGS 2 and RGS 4 to modulate the actions of several G protein coupled receptor agonists in isolated mouse aortic rings. Genetic deletion of either RGS 2 or RGS 4 significantly enhanced the efficacy of phenylephrineinduced contraction but had no effect on the potency of phenylephrine. This effect of RGS 4 deletion was reversed by L-nitroargenine methyl ester or by denuding the aorta.

Deletion of RGS 2 or RGS 4 had no effect on the efficacy or potency of carbachol-induced aortic relaxation. Angiotensin

II and clonidine produced no aortic contraction irrespective of the presence of RGS 2 or RGS 4. These data demonstrate that RGS 2 and RGS 4 differentially modulate aortic responses induced by phenylephrine and carbachol.

“Robot Construction: Gantry Robot”


Presenters: Evan C. Kile (Columbus Grove, OH); Brian K.

Harris (Cincinnati, OH); Andrew Townsend (Hamilton, OH);

Kenzo M. Barlow (Ada, OH)

Research Advisors: Steve Fisher (Technological Studies,

ONU); Paul Nutter (Technological Studies, ONU)

Our robotic team is to compete in the Society of

Manufacturing Engineers National Robotics Challenge located in Marion Ohio. The section of competition we are competing in is Robot Construction. In the Robot

Construction Contest, we are required to select a defined task for the robot to perform. We are then required to design, build, and demonstrate that the robot can perform said task. The actual robot must be made from scratch and commercially available components. The defined task for our robot will be for it to pick and place different objects on a grid. The type of robot we are designing and building will be a gantry style robot. This robot has 3 axis of freedom which allows it to travel anywhere within our defined space.

“Scaling, Sneezes, and the Elephant's Trunk”


Presenter: Nathan B. Knodel (Van Wert, OH)

Research Advisor: William Fuller (Mathematics and

Statistics, ONU)

We consider the problem of the length of the elephant’s trunk using tools from dimensional analysis. Starting with a hypothesis concerning the dissipation of sneezes, and using the case of the elephant as an example, we are able to arrive at a law of nasal elongation.

“Shifting Identities: Comparative Analysis of Character

Development in Les Misérables ”


Presenter: Jason M. R. Luthman (Bellbrook, OH)

Research Advisor: Thomas Finn (Modern Languages, ONU)

This research centers on the character development of Jean

Valjean and Javert in Les Misérables . While Valjean undergoes dramatic changes to transform from the

20 criminal he once was to an honest and upright man, Javert holds fast to his cold and unbending view of the world, which ultimately leads him to take his own life. The primary resource for this analysis was Les Misérables in

Concert: The 25th Anniversary Edition although some supporting observations were also drawn from the recently released film. The development of Valjean and Javert and their dynamic relationship is evident in such elements as lighting, wardrobe, and character actions and is accentuated by the lyrics of many songs performed by each of these characters. Reviewing these theatrical and lyrical components provided key messages denoting the mental state of each character throughout the musical and the movie. Comparing the evolution of the two main characters and their ultimate fates indicates the importance of personal change, an essential theme to Les Misérables productions both past and present.

“Simultaneous Translation and Techniques: A Prospective

Study”



Research Advisor: Kanishka Sen (Modern Languages, ONU)

After studying various translation techniques, an interesting and certainly challenging area in which to apply those techniques is oral translation, particularly simultaneous translation. This requires a great deal of concentration and multi-tasking ability, as listening, interpreting, and speaking are all required simultaneously.

Perhaps the greatest challenge when going from written translation to oral translation (and especially simultaneous) is the fact that there is little to no lag time between the mother language and the target language. The interpreter does not have an opportunity to consult with any references to ensure that the translation is the most accurate. Instead, the translator must rely on what knowledge they have acquired and must improvise as needed to keep up with the task of providing an oral translation into the target language, even if it means paraphrasing and sacrificing accuracy in the outcome. This prospective study will analyze various scholarly articles and journals to assess the techniques that exist in oral and simultaneous translation and how they differ from written translation. I hope to include aspects from a written translation technique independent study that I did in 2012.

“Solvent Effects on Excited-state Intramolecular Proton

Transfer on Pyrrolopyrimidines”


Presenter: Courtney M. Olson (Hayward, WI)

Research Advisor: Nicole Karn (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Emission and absorbance spectra of newly synthesized pyrrolopyrimidines were observed in different solvent environments. Pyrrolopyrimidines may exhibit excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) due to the proximity of a hydroxyl functional group to a ketone functional group. Three pyrrolopyrimidines were studied that have different substituents to see if the observed properties change with different electron donating abilities. The molecules, though similar in structure, exhibited different solvent effects on the fluorescence. If these pyrrolopyrimidines exhibit ESIPT, then these compounds would be excellent candidates for design of fluorescent sensors and other applications like laser dyes and organic light emitting devices.

“Spatial and Temporal Algal Community Variation in a

Drought-resistant Spring System in the Sandia Mountains,

New Mexico”


Presenter: Lance D. Alley (Millersport, OH)


Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Schelby Rosebrook; Leslie A. Riley

(Biological and Allied Health Sciences, ONU); Rebecca J.

Bixby

Springs are geographically isolated systems which provide perennial water sources for aquatic organisms in xeric habitats. In the context of drought, these water sources can be potentially impacted by changing hydrologic conditions and water quality. The objective of this project is to establish baseline information regarding temporal and spatial patterns of algal communities at a perennial spring/travertine waterfall/stream complex in the Sandia

Mountains, New Mexico. Periphyton and macroalgae was sampled from seven sites: two above the waterfall, two within the waterfall, and three downstream from the waterfall. These collections were made during the premonsoon (June 2013) and post-monsoon (October 2013) seasons. Preliminary analyses indicate that the spring section above the falls was dominated by diatoms, while face/base of the waterfall had greater abundances of filamentous chlorophytes, xanthophytes, and cyanobacteria. The increase in filamentous algae may be due to increased light levels and habitat heterogeneity along the waterfall face. With the importance of springs in aridland ecosystems, these baseline data are critical as drought is predicted to become more severe and frequent in the southwestern USA. These baseline data will provide background for the ecosystem with increasing severity and frequency of drought modeled for the southwestern U.S.

“Stream Comparisons between Glaciated and Unglaciated

Regions of Ohio”


Presenter: Shannon M. Boys (Loveland, OH)


Sciences, ONU); Robert Verb (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU); Terry Keiser (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Sam C. Schroeder; Tyler N. Thomas;

Kyle A. Timbrook; Chad M. Carroll (Alloway Environmental

Testing); Stephen J. Jacquemin (Wright State U)

Geology and land use are among the most important factors influencing aquatic community structure and distribution in surface waters. In Ohio, there are welldefined regions that have been directly impacted by glaciers and areas without any direct glaciation. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain differences in aquatic community structure in stream systems with different physiographic histories. In fall 2013, three streams from the Glaciated Till Plains and three streams from the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau were sampled for periphyton, macroalgae, macroinvertebrates, fish, and selected environmental parameters. Results show that epipelic algae and macroinvertebrates were more diverse in depositional habitats of the Till Plains, compared to the same habitat type in the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau.

However, riffle community diversity was not significantly different between the two regions and was negatively correlated with fish richness. These findings suggest that aquatic communities may be useful for distinguishing between glaciated and unglaciated lotic systems in some instances, but that trophic relationships may obscure this association in other habitat types.

“Sumo Robot”


21

Presenters: James Cody Cline (Utica, OH); Alexander

Chernick (Zanesville, OH)

Research Advisor: Paul Nutter (Technological Studies, ONU)

The Sumo Robot Contest requires a student team to build a self-propelled, remote controlled or sensing robot, designed to force another Sumo Robot outside a ring. The competition ring will be a square painted flat black, measuring 15’ 2” across. This inside square is surrounded by a two-inch (2”) wide, painted or taped, flat white ring.

Another white one-inch (1”) wide, line will surround the inner ring with 2 inches (2”) between them. When any part of the Sumo crosses completely over the 1” white outer ring it will lose the heat.

“Sumo Robot: B & J”


Presenters: Che'ron L. Jenkins (Findlay, OH); Malcolm J.

Burrell (Columbus, OH)

Research Advisor: Paul Nutter (Technological Studies, ONU)

Our goal for this project is to design and build a robot and compete in a sumo robot competition in Marion, Ohio. Our objective is to meet milestones and deadlines set up in class to be ready for the competition. The Sumo Robot

Contest requires a student team to build a self-propelled, remote controlled or sensing robot, designed to force another Sumo Robot outside a ring. The competition ring will be a square painted flat black, measuring 15’ 2” across.

This inside square is surrounded by a two-inch (2”) wide, painted or taped, flat white ring. Another white one-inch

(1”) wide, line will surround the inner ring with 2 inches (2”) between them. When any part of the Sumo crosses completely over the 1” white outer ring it will lose the heat.

Two self-controlled robots are placed in a ring. The robots try to avoid falling out or avoid being pushed out by the opponent robot. The first robot that touches outside of the ring loses the round. The first robot to win three rounds, wins the match. Different robots compete one-on-one against each other throughout the contest. The robot that wins the most matches wins the contest. Robots must be autonomous and must weigh no more than 50 pounds.

“Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)”


Presenters: Sarah Bova (Erie, PA); Kaitlin Bova (Erie, PA)

Research Advisor: Christine North (Communication and

Media Studies, ONU)

This research investigated government nutrition assistance programs in relation to healthy eating. Background information of several programs including mainly the

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), but also Women Infants and Children (WIC), and the federal school lunch program was collected. Information regarding requirements to participate, eligible foods, and how the program works were included in the background research on SNAP. The average amount of benefits given to a family of four, number of households, and percent of total population receiving SNAP benefits in Allen and surrounding counties was examined. Tips for stretching these benefits while purchasing healthier foods were offered. A month’s worth of groceries based on an average family of four’s benefits was bought demonstrating that with careful planning healthier options were possible for

SNAP recipients. After gathering information on the program and its participants, programs that focused to improve eating habits of these SNAP recipients were analyzed. This research was presented to various community leaders at the Activate Allen County Health

Submit in September 2013.

“Synthesis and Characterization of Imidonorbornene

Monomers for Ring-opening Metathesis Polymerization”


Presenter: Tyler Tewilliager (Waterford, MI)

Research Advisor: Amelia Anderson-Wile (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

The focus of this presentation is the synthesis of monomers via Dials-Alder chemistry and the subsequent characterization of these monomers.

“Synthesis of Metal Complexes Containing Ligands from

Hydroxymethylfurfural for ε -Caprolactone

Polymerization”


Presenter: Kevin C. Ledden (Portage, MI)

Research Advisor: Amelia Anderson-Wile (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a favorable molecule to use for synthesis because it is a fructose derivative, which is a naturally occurring compound. The goal of our research is to produce a metal catalyst with a ligand obtained from

HMF for use in caprolactone polymerization. The HMF is synthesized into a Schiff base via condensation reaction to produce the desired ligand. Metal complex formation was done with various metals to complex a desirable ligand onto the metal center for favorable polymer effects. Poly–( ε caprolactone) is a desirable polymer due to its biodegradable nature, making it an attractive alternative to non-biodegradable polyolefins.

“Sysmex Hematology Analyzer Correlation”


Presenter: W. Wesley Cruikshank (Elida, OH)

Research Advisor: Chris Grissom (Hematology Department,

Laboratory, Wilson Memorial Hospital)


The Wilson Memorial Hospital Laboratory in Sidney, Ohio, decided to purchase a new hematology analyzer which performs automated complete blood counts (CBCs) as well as white blood cell (WBC) differential counts. Prior to analyzing patient specimens on the new instrument it is required that it be correlated to the old instrument to assure it will yield acceptable results. This correlation includes analyzing patient specimens on both the new and old analyzers. The resulting CBCs and WBC differentials will be uploaded to EP Evaluator, a program which then calculates the range, mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient for each parameter included in the

CBC and WBC differential between the two instruments.

The correlation yielded acceptable correlation coefficients for each parameter, meaning that the current reference ranges are still acceptable. With acceptable correlation coefficients and reference ranges the new instrument can now be utilized in analyzing patient specimens and results may be reported with confidence.

“The Allure of French Women”


Presenter: Rachel L. Cruea (Findlay, OH)

Research Advisor: Thomas Finn (Modern Languages, ONU)

Compared to women from other cultures, French women appear to live a most beneficial lifestyle. This paper centers on the exemplary lifestyle of French women, such as their health, appearance, independence and mothering skills. All of these characteristics are accentuated by a French women’s lovely allure and mysterious nature. Various statistics, articles, and books related to French women suggest that it can factually supported that French women

22 are making the most effective choices in regards to their personal identity and their relationships with others, such as family and friends. Women from cultures the world over should observe how French women live their lives and strive to behave in a similar fashion. This paper provides a variety of examples and insight into the innermost aspects in a French woman’s life and how French society influences their development from childhood to womanhood, shaping their view of pleasure, health and socialization.

“The Association between Color and the Learning of

Accounting”


Presenter: Austin Germann (Fort Wayne, IN)

Research Advisor: Matthew Phillips (Dicke College of

Business Administration, ONU)

The principal topic of this study is to determine whether or not there is a correlation between the use of color and learning, particularly in the subject of accounting. There is a teaching system that exists, called Color Accounting, that teaches accounting using color to help students better retain the important concepts taught in the discipline.

Because of this, our research focuses on discovering if a correlation exists between color and learning and whether the use of color helps students better remember the information they learn. Just recently, we found an article stating color is important to retention; however, we have much work ahead of us. Our work will continue, as we search for more information on this topic to support our proposition.

“The Effect of a Sports Drink Consumed Pre-exercise on

Post-exercise Blood Glucose”


Presenters: Brittany N. Miller (Akron, OH); Rosa L. Nardo

(Bethesda, OH); Caitlin M. Huber (Findlay, OH); Samantha T.

Hoffman (Gibsonburg, OH)





Physical strain to the body, such as exercise, lowers blood glucose levels. Gatorade claims to maintain body hydration and energy during and following physical activity. To determine the efficacy of Gatorade versus placebo (Crystal

Light) in maintaining energy levels, blood glucose was measured in nine male and ten female ONU cross country athletes before and after exercise. In addition, following exercise, participants completed a survey which evaluated their perceived energy level. All participants were tested on two separate occasions separated by six days and consumed one of the two drinks on the first test date and the other drink on the other test date. Preliminary blood glucose levels were obtained and a forty minute exercise protocol of a 7-8 minute pace (easy pace) was completed.

Blood glucose levels were retested immediately after the run and the survey was administrated. There was no statistical difference (students paired T, α =0.05) in their blood glucose levels before or after exercise with either drink tested. This is supported by the surveys from the subjects that indicate no difference in their perceived energy levels.

“The Effect of Gender Dominance Portrayals and Media

Type on Body Image”


Presenters: Coral Shuster (Sagamore Hills, OH); Hayley

O'Hara (Painesville, OH)

Research Advisor: Kristie Payment (Psychology, Sociology, and Criminal Justice, ONU)

Additional Researcher: McKenna Earley

Previous literature has demonstrated the impact of idealized images in the media, as well as the impact of women holding dominant and non-stereotypical positions in the workplace (Agliata & Tantleff-Dunn, 2004; Haslam,

Hersby, & Bongiorno, 2011). The present study examines the effects of gender dominance roles and media type on body image perceptions. Common media sources of music videos and magazine advertisements displaying male dominance or female dominance, both as between-subjects factors, served as the manipulated variables. Participants were recruited from a small university (28 male, 58 female) and assigned to one of four conditions. Results of 2x2

ANOVAs revealed no significant change in body image as measured by Cash's Multidimensional Body-Self Relations

Questionnaire (MBSRQ) from either gender dominance or media type, p > .05. Also, no interaction was found between gender dominance and media type, p > .05. The results of the present study imply that gender dominance and media type have no effect on body image perceptions of college students, perhaps as a result of desensitization to the stimuli (Hine, 2011). Future research could investigate the effects of switching gender dominance roles on other aspects of an individual other than body image, such as mood or self-esteem.

“The Effect of Perfluoroalkyl Acids on Membrane

Permeability”


Presenter: Elvira Tatarkov (Bluffton, OH)

Research Advisor: Christopher Spiese (Chemistry and

Biochemistry, ONU)

Since the 1940s, fluorine chemistry has been an important part of industry due to its use in the synthesis of prominent consumer goods, such as Teflon and Gore-Tex.

However, although perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are useful in everyday applications, these compounds have become a topic of interest as both a health hazard and in environmental research since the detection of PFCs in remote wildlife and in human tissue. Due to their chemical structure, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs), specific subcategories of PFCs, are considered both hydrophobic and lipophobic. These properties allow PFAs to interact with and potentially cross cell membranes, causing a variety of adverse effects, and ultimately cell death. This study attempted to determine the effects of two PFAs – perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorooctanoic acid

(PFOA) – on Chlorella vulgaris cell membrane permeability by using fluorescence to study the permeability of fluorescein diacetate (FDA). To date, an overall increase in membrane permeability has been found to double after exposure to up to 100 µM PFBS. PFOA, in contrast to earlier studies, showed acute toxicity and induced cell death in C. vulgaris at all concentrations tested so far. Future work will include additional PFCs of interest and determining the extent of PFC toxicity in C. vulgaris .

“The Effectiveness of a Dry Land Cool Down on Lactate

Clearance Levels in Division III Collegiate Swimmers”


Presenter: Sara Rutherford (Stow, OH); Evan Price

(Centerville, OH)

Research Advisor: Sara Terrell (Human Performance and

Sport Science, ONU)

Introduction : Lactate accumulation can impede muscle function in athletes exercising at high intensity levels. Since swimming athletes often swim multiple events at high intensities during competition, improving lactate clearance may improve swimming performance. Research has found

23 aquatic recovery effective in clearing lactate to resting values. The effectiveness of dry-land recovery is not well understood. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine lactate clearance rates between sprint, middle and distance swimmers using a dry-land recovery protocol.

Methods : Twenty ONU swimmers had lactate and heart rates tested 3 minutes after a competitive event. Subjects then completed a dry-land recovery using whole-body exercises that mimicked swimming. Lactate and heart rate were tested at minute 13 and 23 to determine if lactate clearance reached 2 mmol/L. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results : Sprinters recorded the highest average starting lactate level (8.62 mmol/L) but middle distance swimmers showed the greatest percent change in lactate clearance (66.07%) during recovery. There was no significant difference between lactate clearance of sprint, middle, and distance swimmers at minute 3 (p=0.330), 13 (p=0.107) and 23(p=0.130).

Conclusion : Dry-land protocol facilitated lactate clearance among all swimmers but clearance levels were not statistically different.

“The Effectiveness of Code Blue in a Hospital Setting”


Presenter: Christopher J. Mendoza (Tiffin, OH)

Research Location: 3B Cardiac Step-down Unit, St. Rita's

Medical Center


The Intensive Care Unit and Cardiac step-down unit are at the apex of life and death within a hospital. A medical emergency in the hospital setting, commonly called a “code blue,” is defined as an event where a patient goes into cardiac or respiratory arrest. The health care team has only minutes to react and attempt to save the patient’s life.

Research shows that less than half of patients that code in a hospital will live to be discharged. This capstone project explores a method of critiquing the response to these medical emergencies by the healthcare staff to improve the effectiveness of code blues in a hospital setting, thus increasing survival rates through the most effective use of

Rapid Response. Upon completion of the project, a checkoff sheet will be designed for use in rapid response and code blue situations to provide feedback to nursing staff after the code has occurred.

“The Effectiveness, Efficiency and Safety of Medication

Administration in the Long-term Healthcare Setting”


Presenter: Allison J. Talbert (Indianapolis, IN)

Research Location: Assisted Living and Skilled Living,

Otterbein-Cridersville


In long term care healthcare settings (LTC), paper

Medication Administration Record (PMAR) and electronic

Medication Administration Record (EMAR) are found to be the most widely used methods of medication administration. The effectiveness, efficiency and safety of both PMAR and EMAR at one LTC will be studied. A review of the literature has been conducted investigating the difference between paper and electronic MAR use in the long-term healthcare setting. Data is being collected through researcher-designed surveys administered to both nurses and residents at Otterbein-Cridersville, a long term care facility located in Cridersville, Ohio. Results and recommendations will be shared with administrators at

Otterbein-Cridersville to assist in implementation of the medication administration system which is most effective, efficient and safe.

“The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Brain Function”


Presenters: Sam Prewitt (Pickerington, OH); Ian T. Coote

(Pittsburgh, PA); Wesley A. Evans (Evansville, OH); Holly

Anne Fisher (Grove City, OH); Ayed X. Mahmoud

(Lebanonsville, Lebanon)

Research Advisor: Nancy Woodley (Biological and Allied


College students who skip meals will have lower blood sugar levels that may affect working memory and executive functions and therefore academic performance. To test this hypothesis, sixteen college students (ages 18-23) were asked to fast for eight hours prior to testing. Following baseline glucose determination (82 ± 2.8 mg/dL), all participants completed a Stroop’s test for executive function and a word-recollection test which measures working memory. Participants then consumed a banana smoothie, delivering 10.4 g of glucose/kg of bodyweight.

Since blood glucose levels normally rise approximately thirty minutes after consumption of carbohydrates, blood glucose levels were reassessed at this time. Participants then completed novel word recollection and Stroop tests to reassess working memory and executive function at elevated glucose levels. Blood glucose levels rose significantly following consumption of banana smoothie

(109.8 ± 3.7 mg/dL) and subjects scored significantly higher in executive function (paired student t-test, at a 95% confidence level). Working memory scores associated with elevated blood glucose levels did not show any significant change. These results suggest that it is beneficial to eat before an exam because increased blood sugar levels are associated with higher executive function performance, which is correlated with improved decision making and enhanced focus.

“The Effects of Evidence Type and Expert Credential

Contestation on Mock Juror Decision-making”


Presenters: Wesley Evans (West Mansfield, OH); Rebecca N.

Krelko (Westerville, OH); Megan E. Fry (Edon, OH); Kelsey E.

Hoffman (Marion, OH)


There has been much debate about how the specific aspects of a testimony affect a jurors decision. This study examined the effect that evidence type and the contestation of witness credentials had on juror decision-making processes. Two groups were exposed to a court transcript with a witness presenting a more medically-based perspective (natural science) for evidence while the other groups read the witness presenting a more psychologicallybased evidence perspective (social science). Likewise, two groups received a transcript where the defense attacked the prosecution’s expert’s credentials (such as experience in the field and certifications) while the other two groups received a transcript without any cross-examination of the witness.

It was hypothesized that in the natural science condition there would be no significant difference between the contested and uncontested conditions in the guilt and innocence sentence length, or the believability of the witness. Conversely, it was hypothesized that in the social science condition, there would be a significant difference between the contested and uncontested conditions of guilt, sentencing, and believability of the witness. The study is currently in progress and once all the data has been gathered it will be analyzed with SPSS to determine the main effects and interactions in relation to the hypotheses.

“The Effects of First Comments on Online Articles”


Presenter: Kelsi L. Rupersburg (Wapakoneta, OH)

24


Media Studies, ONU)

This study explores the relationship between the first usergenerated comment on an online article and all subsequent comments. More specifically, it explores how or if a negative, neutral or positive first comment influences following comments.

“The Effects of Power Plate Intervention on Single Leg

Stance on Unstable Surfaces in Adults, Ages 21-59”


Presenter: Jacob Schumer (Highland, MI)

Research Location: Lederman Kwartowitz Center for

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Lakes Medical Center

Research Advisor: Sara Terrell (Human Performance and

Sport Science, ONU)

Introduction : The components of balance include the inner ear, visual stimuli, and proprioceptive feedback. The Power

Plate has improved balance by stimulationg proprioceptive feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using the Power Plate on single leg balance.

Methods : Twenty subjects, ages 21-59, from an orthopedic clinic in the Midwest were randomly selected to an experimental group and a control group. All subjects were required to balance on an Airex foam pad for time on three trials. The experimental group completed one minute on the Power Plate while subjects in the control group rested.

The Power Plate was set at thirty oscillations per second at

1-2 millimeters in height. Three more single leg balance trials were conducted. Average time spent balancing on

Airex foam pad for three trials before treatment/rest and after treatment/rest were compared using an unpaired ttest. Results : The experimental group increased single leg stance time by an average of 18.71%. The control group increased single leg stance by 13.04%. Differences between groups were not statistically significant (p = .4366).

Conclusion : The Power Plate intervention improved subjects’ balance and should continue to be researched as a balance training tool.

“Toward Resilient Localization in Mobile Robotic

Networks”


Presenters: Joel Huff (Pickerington, OH); Ben Kerber (Lima,

OH); Sam Roth (Piqua, OH); Gabe Russ (North Canton, OH)

Research Advisors: Heath LeBlanc (Electrical and Computer

Engineering; Computer Science, ONU); Firas Hassan

(Electrical and Computer Engineering; Computer Science,

ONU)

With the ever decreasing cost of mobile robotics, the idea of swarm-like robotic networks is becoming more feasible and economically viable. A very large problem in these swarm robotics is localization. Using newly developed theoretical methods, it is possible to build a resilient network even if a significant portion of the nodes are compromised or have damaged sensors. This research is aimed at implementing a fleet of robots coordinating for localization purposes while being attacked by a small group of adversaries.

“Utilizing 3D Scanning and Geomorphic Morphometrics to Conduct a Phylogenetic Analysis on the Order

Carnivora”


Presenter: Michael C. Taylor (Pataskala, OH)

Research Advisors: Robert McAfee (Biological and Allied

Health Sciences, ONU); Stephen Kolomyjec (Biological and

Allied Health Sciences, ONU)

Comparative anatomy is one criterion in which a phylogeny can be constructed. In this study, 3D scanning was conducted on representative crania (n=15) of every family within the Order Carnivora, with the exceptions of

Eupleridae and Otobeniidae. Mandibles were disassociated from the crania to enable unobstructed scanning of the palatine regions. ScanStudio HD was the software used to conduct the scans with a NextEngine 3D scanner. The scanning procedure involved two scans, with the cranium positioned in different oblique orientations, which were then aligned and fused together to create a final composite.

A series of standardized landmarks were chosen using the

Landmark software program to compare the homology of cranial morphology using Procrustes and tangent space analyses. From these analyses, a phylogeny was constructed and compared against the accepted phylogeny of the Order

Carnivora.

“Variation of Algal and Macroinvertebrate Community

Structure in Restored Wetlands with Varying Water

Inputs”


Presenter: Lucas Erickson (Lima, OH)


Sciences, ONU); Robert Verb (Biological and Allied Health

Sciences, ONU)

Additional Researchers: Jessie Elsass; Lance Alley; Kilian

TysonMayer

In west-central Ohio aquatic systems, the influence of carbonate bedrock leads to an influx of minerals which can influence water chemistry (e.g. hard water). As a result, the organismal components may vary. The primary objective of this study was to compare macroinvertebrate and algal community structure of restored wetlands along a gradient of predominately precipitation-fed (soft water) to springfed (hard water) wetlands. The study was conducted at

Putnam Wetlands, a 60-acre wetland restoration project located in Hardin County, Ohio, composed of several marshes and situated along an elevation gradient (7-m/0.5km). Three representative wetlands were sampled from

Putnam Wetlands in August of 2013: a groundwater-fed marsh, an intermediate marsh, and a precipitation-fed marsh. At each wetland three sites were sampled for basic water chemistry, epipelic and epiphytic algae, macroalgae, and macroinvertebrates. Specimens were identified to genus (algae) or family (macroinvertebrate) in lab.

Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that taxa distribution was driven by water hardness. However, benthic and epiphytic algae were also influenced by silica content which was independent of other mineral inputs.

“Velocity Dispersions of Active Galaxies with Low Mass

Black Holes”


Presenter: David R. DeColibus (Strongsville, OH)

Research Advisor: Jason Pinkney (Physics and Astronomy,

ONU)

Additional Researchers: Kayhan Gultekin (U of Michigan);

Edward Cackett (Wayne State U)

We have performed ground-based spectroscopic observations in support of a Hubble Space Telescope program to probe the SEDs (spectral energy distributions) of LLAGNs (Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei). Our targets are six, medium redshift, radio loud galaxies with

LLAGN. They were discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky

Survey (SDSS) by Greene and Ho (2007a). We wish to improve upon the accuracy of the velocity dispersions produced by the SDSS pipeline. We use the ModSpec

Spectrograph on the 2.4m Hiltner telescope at MDM

Observatory. Our longslit spectra have a spectral range of about 4650 to 5650 °A, which includes the MgB absorption lines and H-beta + [OIII] emission lines. We describe the reduction of the CCD spectra and the fitting of absorption and emission lines using the direct pixel fitting technique.

We combine multiple exposures to improve S/N ratio, but the uncertainties in velocity dispersion remain > 8% because of template mismatch. Our stellar velocity dispersions are largely consistent with the SDSS results and they predict black hole masses around 10^6 solar masses for most of our sample.

“Vision-guided Robotic Workcell”


Presenters: Josh M. Cantrell (New Carlisle, OH); Dillon M.

Kwiat (Bloomville, OH)

Research Advisors: Steve Fisher (Technological Studies,

ONU); Paul Nutter (Technological Studies, ONU)

We are creating an autonomous robotic workcell. It uses a cognex vision system to identify between spoons, forks, and knives and communicates with a KUKA robot as when and where to pick up and sort the silverware. The robot will pick a random piece from a bin we have designated as the pick bin and will take the piece to the testing location under the camera for identification. The program we implement will sort the silverware appropriately. This process will be continuous with no user control once it starts. We will take this project to the national robotics competition on Marion ohio April 10 - 12 to compete against others to verify the ability to transport and implement a working system.

“Where Does the Interference of Hemolysis End for

Coagulation Testing?”


Presenter: Marcus Lowe (Lima, OH)

Research Advisor: Molly Klima (Core Lab, University

Hospital Case Medical Center)


ACL Top Family 700, coagulation analyzer, is utilized at

University Hospital Case Medical Center (UHCMC). On average, UHCMC core lab runs 454.6 coagulation specimens per day. High volume testing, demonstrated by UHCMC, demonstrates that the quality of each specimen is vital to reporting out accurate and timely results. Pre-analytical hemolysis has always been a concern of the medical laboratory, especially as a result of phlebotomy practice. As precaution the ACL Top Family 700 analyzer has a concentration threshold of hemolysis signifying that results of specimens with hemolysis beyond the threshold are not guaranteed to be 100% accurate. Eight UHCMC core lab volunteers provided blood samples in three 3mL sodium citrate collection tubes. Mechanical induced hemolysis was achieved and produced plasma hemoglobin concentrations of 0.3-0.7 g/dL, but the study focused on concentrations above the analyzer threshold for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 0.5 g/dL. The specific concentrations examined were 0.6-0.7 g/dL, and the expectation was that the PT and aPTT results of the hemolyzed specimens would not be significantly changed compared to the non-hemolyzed specimen of the same participant. Continued testing of a larger sample size is needed to determine clinical significance.

25

Agozzino, Alisa

Akiyama, Nanami

Alexander, Robert

Alley, Lance D.

Amos, Jill L.

Anderson, Alena Laura Rose

Anderson-Wile, Amelia

Arent, Erik Noble

Atkinson, Samantha

Aufdenkampe, Rachael L.

A

B

Bailey, Tara M.

Barbee, Emily

Barlow, Kenzo M.

Berry, Joanne

Berry, Nicole L.

Bixby, Rebecca J.

Blakely, Bethany

Bonino, Jamie L.

Bourgeois, Brandon P.

Bova, Kaitlin

Bova, Sarah

Bowers, Christopher

Bowser, Andrew K.

Boys, Shannon M.

Bridges, Michael Chad

Broekemeier, Kimberly

Brooks, Rebecca

Brown, Callie M.

Bui, Albert

Burrell, Malcolm J.

C

Cackett, Edward

Cadle, Chelsea E.

Cantrell, Josh M.

Caragiu, Mellita

Carroll, Chad M.

Carrothers, Robert

Celius, Tevye

Chen, Renee A.

Chernick, Alexander

Clegg-Kraynok, Megan

Cline, James Cody

Cook, Joshua L.

Coote, Ian T.

Cramer, Jennifer N.

Cruea, Rachel L.

Cruikshank, W. Wesley

Cunningham, Jessica

Curiel, John Alexander

D

Dailey, Alison M.

Daley, Maria Kay

De Luca, Dennis

DeColibus, David R.

DeColibus, Dawn

DeWulf, Cassandra J.

DiBiasio, Mariah R.

Dirksen, Rebecca Jo

Drzycimski-Finn, Mary

Dunn, Zachary L.

Index of Colloquium Participants

5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 19, 24

14

16

3, 19, 21, 25

4, 17

4, 9

22

2, 6

4, 15

2, 5, 7, 9, 18

25

5, 7, 18

2, 25

15

10, 14, 21

5, 7, 9, 11, 19

14

3, 13

2, 21

6, 13

2, 21

2, 6

3, 24

2, 16

5, 22

4, 22

2, 16

5, 16

4, 15

1

2, 20

3, 12

8

21

10

8

2, 10, 15, 20

2, 21

2, 21

8, 12, 16

3, 17

3, 21

3, 13

19

16

2, 7, 18

20

2, 21

2, 7, 18

5, 18

6

2, 25

10, 14

4, 14

5, 12

4, 8

1

11

E

Earley, McKenna B.

Eisenmann, Eric

Elsass, Jessie

Elsass, Katherine

Erickson, Lucas

Ernst, Ashley

Evans, Wesley A.

F

Finn, Thomas

Fisher, Holly Anne

Fisher, Steve

Foster, Ray

Fox, Kami

Frame, Lauren

Fruth, Emily

Fry, Megan E.

Fuller, William

G

Garber, Paige M.

Germann, Austin

Goforth, Amber

Green, Alicia

Grissom, Chris

Guerriero, Lauren E.

Gultekin, Kayhan

H

Hammer, Morgan A.

Hanlon, Courtney V.

Harris, Brian K.

Harris, Jessica Lynn

Hassan, Firas

Herman, Michael

Hoffman, Kelsey E.

Hoffman, Mackenzie M.

Hoffman, Samantha T.

Holland, Brittany Paige

House, Anna Rebecca

Huber, Caitlin M.

Huff, Joel

J

Jacquemin, Stephen J.

Jao, Feng

Jenkins, Che'ron L.

Johnson, Brandon

Johntony, Olivia

Kalchik, Andrea E.

Karn, Nicole

Kasting, Benjamin

Keiser, Terry

Kempen, Mary

Kerber, Ben

Kier, Karen

Kile, Evan C.

Kinder, David

Klima, Molly

Kneubehl, Alexander Robert

K

26

2, 20

5, 22

14

3, 10

22

2, 3, 6, 10

25

3, 11

4, 9

2, 20

3, 19

24

3, 12

2, 24

7

3, 22

5, 9

4, 16

3, 22

2, 24

2, 18, 23

2, 16

25

12

3, 19, 25

2, 15

2, 3, 24

20, 22

3, 24

20, 25

14

7, 17

8

4, 18

2, 24

10, 20

21

13

2, 21

2, 16

14

5, 7, 18

19, 20

3, 14

21

15

2, 24

10

2, 20

8

25

3, 10

Knippen, Courtney L.

Knodel, Nathan B.

Kolomyjec, Stephen

Krelko, Rebecca N.

Kremyar, Andrew James

Kwiat, Dillon M.

L

LaChance, Evan

Larsen, Brooke E.

Lawson, Joseph

LeBlanc, Heath

Ledden, Kevin C.

Lee, James D.

Leigh, Jordan A.

Lendrum, Liz Catherine

Leonard, Alyssa Marie

Lewis, Kaila

Liebrecht, Christina

Long, Daric

Loughlin, Michael

Lowe, Marcus

Luthman, Jason M. R.

Lyle, Sarah M.

Mahmoud, Ayed X.

Markey, Emily Rebecca

McAfee, Robert

McDonnell, Ashlee

Mendoza, Christopher J.

Metzner, Gabrielle K.

Meyer, Sarah Elizabeth

Miller, Brady A.

Miller, Brittany N.

Miller, Richard

Miltner, Kathryn

Montenery, Susan

Moor, Jared Cletis

Moore, Chance S.

Moore, Heather Anne

Motz, Vicki

Myers, Brian

M

N

Nardo, Rosa L.

Neiheisel, Andrew M.

North, Christine

Nutter, Paul

O

O'Hara, Hayley

Olmstead, Carlin

Olson, Courtney M.

O'Neill, Sean M.

Oudean, Laila

P

Paces, Allyson Rose

Paris, Brian

Paulus, Ryan

Payment, Kristie

Peprah, Kwaku N.

Perrine, Trilisa

Peters, David M.

Phillips, Matthew

Pinkney, Jason

2, 18

2, 20

19, 25

2, 24

5, 11

2, 25

3, 24

3, 16

25

5, 19

4, 23

3, 10

4, 8

5, 7

3, 22

13

3, 12

9, 10, 11, 16

2, 6

4, 9

4, 17

8, 12, 13, 16, 18, 22

14

1

3, 6

3, 10

24

3, 22

5, 17

5, 7

3, 16

4, 13

5, 17

11, 12

2, 12

17

4, 25

5, 20

7

3, 22

4, 10

21

20, 21, 25

2, 23

4, 17

3, 20

3, 16

3, 14

4, 7

1

3, 13

23

4, 9

6, 11

5, 7, 18

22

17, 25

27

Potkanowicz, Edward

Prewitt, Sam

Price, Evan

Prigge, Amy

R

Reid, Kimberly Maureen

Rice, Julie A.

Riley, Leslie A.

Robins, Nathan

Rogers, Scott

Rorabaugh, Boyd R.

Rosebrook, Schelby K.

Roth, Alex

Roth, Sam

Rouch, David

Rubino, Darren

Rupersburg, Kelsi L.

Russ, Gabe

Rutherford, Sara

S

Saunders, Joshua

Saunders, Nicholas B.

Scharf, Amanda R.

Scholl, Elizabeth D.

Schottke, Stephanie R.

Schroeder, Sam C.

Schulze, Mary

Schumer, Jacob

Schweigel, Thelma E.

Seeley, Sarah

Sen, Kanishka

Sheridan, Terrence

Shuster, Coral

Smith, Chahdael B.

Smith, Courtney

Smith, Sarah

Somogyi, Taylor Nicole

Spiese, Christopher

Staley, Lauren Nicole

Steigerwald, Daniel C.

Steinberger, Thomas E.

Steinmetz, Kaitlin

Sullivan, Aaron J.

Suniga, Rema

Tabor, Jordan

Talbert, Allison J.

Talbot, Jeffrey N.

Tatarkov, Elvira

Taylor, Michael Christopher

Terrell, Sara

Tewilliager, Tyler

Thayer, Abigail

Theisen, William

Thomas, Tyler N.

Timbrook, Kyle A.

Titus, Lauren E.

Topham, Benjamin J.

Townsend, Andrew

TysonMayer, Kilian

T

V

Verb, Robert

6

3, 24

2, 23

1

4, 8

5, 11

8, 10, 14, 21, 25

3, 8

1

7, 18, 20

8, 21

3, 13

2, 24

12

14

5, 24

2, 24

2, 23

4, 11

2, 10

2, 7, 18

2, 18

3, 6

3, 19, 21

4, 15

2, 24

5, 7

20

20

18

2, 23

2, 13

5, 19

14

3, 16

12, 23

5, 8

3, 14

2, 17

4, 11

3, 14

10, 13, 16, 22

2, 12

4, 23

7

3, 23

3, 14, 25

23, 24

3, 22

3, 12

1, 18

19, 21

21

3, 13

6, 11

2, 20

3, 19, 25

8, 10, 14, 21, 25

Walden, Lisa

Waters, Robert

Wehri, Gerald

Weidner, Kelsey T. R.

Weiner, Nicholas R.

White, Peter J.

White, Robin

Wiener, Lindsay C.

Wile, Bradley

Wilkins, Mary

Williams, Toma

Wilson, Kurt

Wolters, Nicholas E.

Woodfield, Cynthia

Woodley, Nancy

Woodyard, Shyla

W

9, 22, 25

16

9

3, 8

2, 18

2, 13

8, 14, 15, 17, 23

3, 19

17, 19

1

1

6

7

9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23

13, 16, 22, 24

3, 13

Wright, Jayme Rochelle

Wright, Kelli

Wyenandt, Gregory Scott

Y

Young, Curtis

Young, Kate

Young, Linda

Z

Ziegler, Andrew David

Zimmerman, Jake

Zinn, Sarah Renea

Zoladz, Phillip

3, 16

4, 12

4, 14

18

4, 15

8, 18

3, 19

14

3, 6

1, 7, 16, 18, 24

28

2014 Student Research Colloquium Friday, April 25 Ohio Northern University

2014 Student

Research Colloquium

Celebrating and recognizing research achievement

Friday, April 25

Ohio Northern University

McIntosh Center www.onu.edu/research/colloquium

Welcome to Ohio Northern University’s Student Research Colloquium!

Table of Contents

Colloquium Schedule

A Note of Gratitude

The Student Research Colloquium Planning Committee

Poster Presentations

Paper Presentations

Colloquium Abstracts

Index of Colloquium Participants

Related documents

Products

Support

2014 Student Research Colloquium Friday, April 25 Ohio Northern University

2014 Student

Research Colloquium

Celebrating and recognizing research achievement

Friday, April 25

Ohio Northern University

McIntosh Center www.onu.edu/research/colloquium

Welcome to Ohio Northern University’s Student Research Colloquium!

Table of Contents

Colloquium Schedule

A Note of Gratitude

The Student Research Colloquium Planning Committee

Poster Presentations

Paper Presentations

Colloquium Abstracts

Index of Colloquium Participants

Related documents

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