2015 Student
Research Colloquium
Celebrating and recognizing research achievement
Friday, April 24
Ohio Northern University
McIntosh Center
www.onu.edu/research/colloquium
Welcome to Ohio Northern University’s Student Research Colloquium!
The Student Research Colloquium is a true showcase for undergraduate research, with students
scheduled to present 92 projects this year. For students, research bridges the gap between knowledge
and experience and provides for career exploration and development. Presenters at this year’s
Colloquium will share the results of their research with the larger academic community, enliven the
intellectual climate on campus, and stimulate discussions and collaborations within and across
disciplines, all while developing skills important to their long-term personal and professional success.
Acknowledgments
Many thanks are extended to all members of the ONU community who have helped to make the 2015
Student Research Colloquium such a success.
The staff members of the Office of Communications and Marketing and Printing Services deserve
special mention for producing the materials that promote the Colloquium across campus.
Sincere gratitude is offered to the Getty College of Arts and Sciences for its generous funding of this
event.
Additional thanks go to all the student presenters and their faculty mentors who ensure that scholarly
research and deep learning are vital to an Ohio Northern education.
Finally, we thank all friends and family of and visitors to the Northern community and welcome your
presence today.
The Student Research Colloquium Planning Committee
Erica Neely
Asst. Professor of Philosophy
419-772-2199
e-neely@onu.edu
William Theisen
Professor of Physics
419-772-2741
w-theisen@onu.edu
Phillip Zoladz
Asst. Professor of Psychology
419-772-2142
p-zoladz@onu.edu
Mary Drzycimski-Finn
Asst. to the Dean-Student Success
419-772-2987
m-drzycimski-finn@onu.edu
Rebecca Lifer
Sophomore, Biology
Biological & Allied Health Sciences
r-lifer@onu.edu
Paige Torbet
Senior, Exercise Physiology
Human Performance & Sport Science
p-torbet@onu.edu
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Table of Contents
Welcome, Acknowledgments, and Planning Committee
1
Table of Contents and Schedule
2
Poster Presentation Sessions
3
Paper, Video, and Panel Presentation Sessions
6
Colloquium Abstracts
7
Index of Colloquium Participants
25
Colloquium Schedule
All Colloquium activities take place on the first floor of the McIntosh Center.
Posters
10:00–11:15 a.m.
Biology and Nursing
Poster Presentations I
Main Lounge/Activities Room
11:30 a.m.–12:45 p.m.
Psychology, Pharmacy, and Chemistry
Poster Presentations II
Main Lounge/Activities Room
1:00–2:15 p.m.
Assorted STEM* and Other Disciplines
Poster Presentations III
Main Lounge/Activities Room
Papers, Panel, and Videos
10:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Social Issue
Paper Presentations I
Wishing Well
10:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Political Science
Paper Presentations II
Deans’ Heritage Room
12:10–1:30 p.m.
Creative Writing
Panel Presentation
Wishing Well
12:10–1:30 p.m.
History of Sport at ONU
Video Presentations
Deans’ Heritage Room
1:40–2:40 p.m.
History
Paper Presentations III
Deans’ Heritage Room
*STEM is an acronym for the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
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Poster Presentations
Morning Session: 10:00–11:15 a.m.
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Biology and Nursing
Main Lounge/Activities Room
“Decline of North American Bee Species”
Christine Errett
“The Lichen Flora of Ohio Northern University (Hardin County, Ohio)”
Kilian TysonMayer, Tyler N. Thomas, Kyle Timbrook, Fred Tucker
“Microevolutionary Analysis of Large-scale Dispersal Patterns in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) across
Ohio”
Matt Wentz
“ATG8a, a Destroyer of Paternal Mitochondrial DNA”
Jessica L. Harris, Jenalyn M. Fallot
“Effects of Carbohydrate Consumption on Creatine Augmentation of Work Output in Females”
Nicole L. Berry, Carolyn A. Thomas, Sabrina E. Newstead
“Homeostatic Effect of Music on Heart Rate Recovery”
Austin Bracy, Curtis Warren, Tyler Calton, Eduardo Dias Da Silva, Chad Smith
“The Acute Effects of Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility”
Ellen Elizabeth Freeh, Caitlin J. Dahlin, Kara L. Loux
“Answer to Pain Management Problems”
Katelynn M. Kenny
“Pain Management on an Orthopedic Unit”
Whitney Renee Kretz
“DVT Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients”
Hannah Livengood
“Enhancing Medication Education Prior to Discharge: Nurse Education on the M in the BoxSM Initiative”
Jessica L. Hoffert
“Implementing the Daily Huddle”
Jodi K. Otte
“Intravascular Tubing Labels, a Help or Hindrance?”
Chelsea Aukele-Marie Miller
“Rapid Response Team at Your Service”
Chelsea Michelle Settlemire
“Risks and Benefits of Heart Catheterization Closure Devices”
Nichole E. May
“Labeling of Intravenous Tubing and Infection Prevention”
Mara Elizabeth Jacobs
“Increasing Implementation of Seizure Action Plans”
Stacia R. High
“Patient Weight: The Importance of Accurate Assessment”
Whitney Nichole Dowell
“Preventing Patient Falls: Effective Nursing Education and Interventions”
Kristen Ann Yaeger
“Pain, Pain, Go Away: An Evaluation of Nurse Compliance with the Pain Reassessment Process”
Kristina Klusek
“Benefits of an Autism-Friendly Pediatric Emergency Department”
Elizabeth Weitzel
“Effects of the Clinical Nurse Leader on Pediatric Nursing Care”
Chelsea Ann Kennedy
“Bringing Shift Report to the Bedside”
Ashley N. Hinkel
“When to Tie the Knot: The Use of Restraints in the Hospital Setting”
Ellis J. Pohlmann
“Call, Don't Fall: A Project to Improve Patient Safety”
Haley M. Grim
“Improving Student Nurse Communication to 1st Nurses in the Clinical Setting”
Mary (Molly) P. Stancik
“Open Heart Crash Course”
Kileen J. Kaeck
“Patient Education: A Key to Patient-centered Care”
Michelle Leann Noffsinger
“Delegation: Whose Job Is It?”
Nicole Cuddy
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Poster Presentations
Midday Session: 11:30 a.m.–12:45 p.m.
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Psychology, Pharmacy, and Chemistry
Main Lounge/Activities Room
“The Effect of Overall Life Satisfaction on Sleep Onset Latency”
Hayley O'Hara
“How Academic Standing and Extracurricular Activities Affect Scholarship Distribution”
Taylor Rabold, Sarah Rohan, Myahrissa Ramsey, Jessica L. Harris
“How Stress and Nutrition Labels Impact Eating”
Kelsey Hoffman, Tabitha Jolliff, Kyle Pressley, Sydney Vance
“The Effect of Viewing Different Body Types and Positive or Negative Description on Mood”
Jovan Kevin Farrow, Traci Renee Ishler, Kayla Christine Reuss, Taylor Lynn Wohlgamuth
“Why Do It Today? The Relationship between Executive Functioning and Procrastination”
Cara Naylor, Jovan Kevin Farrow, Coral Shuster, Taylor Lynn Wohlgamuth, Kendra Voll
“Modified Juror Instructions Reduce Bias in Mock Jurors”
Courtney Knippen, Brianne Mosley
“Stimulation with the Color Red Increased Performance on a Gabor Patch Visual Perception Task”
Anna Krivenko, Alli Walbolt
“Reactivation of a Fear Memory Induces Physiological Responses that Correlate with Long-term Memory
Modulation”
Chelsea E. Cadle, David M. Peters, Alison M. Dailey, Callie M. Brown, Amanda R. Scharf, McKenna B. Earley,
Courtney L. Knippen, Hannah E. Nagle
“Sleep Deprivation Increases Ischemia-induced Myocardial Injury in Female Rats”
Albert Bui, Eric Eisenmann, Anna Krivenko, Megan Fry, Joseph Lawson, Kyle Pressley, Lauren Stoner
“Increased Myocardial Sensitivity to Ischemic Injury in an Animal Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder”
Anna Krivenko, Eric Eisenmann, Albert Bui, Megan Fry, Joseph Lawson, Lauren Stoner, Kyle Pressley
“Regulator of G Protein Signaling Protein 6 (RGS6) Protects the Heart from Ischemic Injury”
Albert Bui
“Effect of Nicotine on Rewarding and Affective Behaviors in RGS-4 Knockout Mice”
Lisanne Sprague
“Role of RGS-2 Proteins in Nicotine-induced Rewarding and Affective Behaviors in Mice”
Haval Norman
“Role of the Kappa Opioid Receptors in the Aversive Effects of Nicotine”
Melissa Ward
“Improving the Eradication of Triple-negative and Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Cells via Targeting
the TRPM2 Channel”
Daniel P. Powell, Steven D. Blake, Joy L. Hoffman
“Evaluation of Reaction Kinetics of Compounds Designed Using Computer Modeling to Inhibit Glutamate
Racemase”
Emily Wells, Olivia Dinsmore
“Porphyrin-based OPVs with Buckybowl-Buckyball Docking Sites”
Sarah Renea Zinn, Katelyn Brubaker
“Spectroscopic Investigation of a New Class of Pyrazolopyrimidines Observing Excited-state Intramolecular
Proton Transfer”
Louis M. Streacker
“Synthesis and Characterization of Furan-based Ligands for Use in Lactide Polymerization”
Ashley E. White, Ben Kasting
“Preparation and Catalytic Evaluation of New Pd Complexes for Biaryl Coupling”
Andrew Bowser
“Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenone Catalyzed by Novel Ruthenium Complexes”
Austin Lanquist
“Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Complexes as Sensors for Reactive O2 (a1Δg)”
Brendan J. Graziano, Carly Mathewson
“Investigating the Saponin Content of Orange Jewelweed, Impatiens capensis”
Michael Herman
“The Effect of Extraction Conditions and the Ideal Extraction Time for the Herb Thymus vulgaris L.”
Sean Michael O'Neill
“Sulfonates as Sole Sulfur Sources for Thalassiosira pseudonana NCMA 1335”
Mitchell N. Bowling
“Halide Ions as Tracers for Human Wastewater Inputs to an Agricultural Watershed”
Abigail G. Thayer
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Poster Presentations
Afternoon Session: 1:00–2:15 p.m.
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Assorted STEM* and Other Disciplines
Main Lounge/Activities Room
“A Group Theoretic Development of Isospin and Low Isospin Multiplets”
Ashley Ernst
“The Black Hole Mass in NGC 4258 from Gas Kinematics”
David DeColibus
“Circular Arrangements of Delta-Barriers: Solving Schrödinger's Equation for the Energy Spectrum”
Matthew R. Golden
“Wearable Technology Expanding Markets”
Nicholas A. Holtom
“Innovative Solutions to Improve Effectiveness in College Food Service”
Nicolas Ruiz Santos
“Firebot”
Jordan Tabor
“Fire Fighting Maze Robot”
Donald Leroy Thomas III, Trevor Kyle Neuenschwander
“Firefighting Robot”
Trevor Kyle Neuenschwander, Donald Leroy Thomas III
“Design, Construction, and Programming a Tactile Maze Robot”
Hamzah Aljahdali, Ahmad Abualhassan
“Robotic Workcell”
Benjamin R. Sanders, Abdalmageed H. Almotari, Denorris Turner, Brittany Ribley, Brice Schulte
“Non-tactile Maze Robot”
Rakan Mohammed Bokhari, Hani M. Adwan
“Sumo Robot”
Ahmed Ali Al Marshad, Sultan Aljohani, Hamzah Maash
“How to Raise a Robot”
Alice Fox
“Improving Organizational Communication in Ada, Ohio”
Victoria Suarez
“Improving Language Acquisition in ESL Environments—How Refining Nonverbal Interactions Improves
Student Learning and Retention”
Khadijah M. Bagais
“Newborn Screening Brochures: Increasing Effectiveness Using the Health Belief Model”
Ashlee A. Dean
“Examining the History and Evolution of the 340B Drug Discount Program”
Chamaine Nicole Centers
“Survey of Division III Athletes and Their Perception of Athletic Training Students' Evaluation Skills”
Sae Tanaka
“Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Diabetes Mellitus”
Elizabeth Catherine Lendrum
“Human Trafficking: Exploration of Forms and Awareness”
James William Lee, Andrew Robert Munshower, Allison Nicole Castle, Jessica L. Kuhn, Bryant Timothy
Welch, Holly N. Sunafrank
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Paper Presentations
Morning Sessions: 10:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Social Issues
Wishing Well
Dr. Robert Carrothers, Moderator
“How to Raise a Robot”
Alice Fox
“Powerful, Sexual, and Possessed Females: A Look into Women in Leadership Roles”
Myranda Elizabeth Smith
“An Analysis of American Culture: Murderabilia”
Andrew C. Gray
“Using Max Weber's Social Stratification Theory of Class, Status and Party to Explain the Soundtracks to Society”
James T. Call
“Applied Theories of Victimology to the Case of Megan Meier”
Holly J. Evans
“Influence of Female Hormones on Emotional Memory Formation”
Chelsea Cadle
Political Science
Deans’ Heritage Room
Dr. Robert Alexander, Moderator
“On the Outside Looking In: An Investigation of Female Legislators' Pathways to Political Office”
Shelby L. Core
“Will the Real Reagan Please Stand Up? A Content Analysis of Political Framing Used by President Ronald Reagan
and Governor John Kasich”
Anna Hoard
“Women's Labor Equality: Solutions to the Wage Disparity”
Jeremy Daniel Martinez
“Drones: An International Perspective”
Brittany M. Johns
“‘A Massive Opportunity’: The Scottish Referendum and Its Impact on Western Independence Movements”
Joseph J. Railey
“Clan Loyalties and Their Destruction of Somalia”
Hannah J. Allen
Midday Sessions: 12:10–1:30 p.m.
Creative Writing Panel
Dr. Jennifer Moore, Moderator
“Polaris 101: Creative Publication Strategies at Polaris Literary Magazine”
Lucas M. Campbell, Myranda Elizabeth Smith, Rachel Cruea, Kasy Long, Jessica Cogar
History of Sport Videos
Dr. Russ Crawford, Moderator
“History of Sport at ONU”
Nate Bracy
Wishing Well
Deans’ Heritage Room
Afternoon Session: 1:40–2:40 p.m.
History
Deans’ Heritage Room
Prof. Raymond Schuck, Moderator
“Intangible Aspects of Cultural Heritage in Local Museums: A Case Study of Youngstown, Ohio”
Giavonna Cappabianca
“The Sea and the Shantyman: Sailor Culture through Music”
Kelsey Cheyenne Brown
“The Technological Innovation Altering of Courtship Practices and Patterns of the 1930s High School Student”
Joseph M. Sponseller
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Colloquium Abstracts
Alphabetically by Title
“A Group Theoretic Development of Isospin and Low
Isospin Multiplets”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Ashley Ernst (McHenry, IL)
Research Advisor: William Fuller (Mathematics & Statistics,
ONU)
patients to express their pain. Nurses need to choose an
appropriate pain scale in order to quantify patients’ pain.
The numeric pain scale (WILDA) is an example of a scale
that is used frequently, but is not always the most
appropriate pain scale. Patients often question what each
number on the scale represents. Methods: A pre-test was
given to day and night shift nurses on an orthopedic unit to
evaluate their current practices regarding pain. A lesson
was developed and presented regarding pain scales and
interventions. In addition, retrospective chart reviews were
performed to determine current pain assessment and
intervention practices. Results/Conclusion: After inpatient
hospital surveys, pre-tests and chart reviews were reviewed.
Results indicate a need for patient and nurse education
regarding pain management.
The concept of isospin is developed using second
quantization creation/annihilation operators forming the
su(3) Lie algebra. Isospin is then applied using direct sum
decomposition of Kronecker products to three isospin
systems.
“‘A Massive Opportunity’: The Scottish Referendum and
Its Impact on Western Independence Movements”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Joseph J. Railey (Muncie, IN)
Research Advisor: Michael Loughlin (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU)
“Applied Theories of Victimology to the Case of Megan
Meier”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well
Presenter: Holly J. Evans (Independence, OH)
Research Advisor: Keith F. Durkin (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Scotland’s September referendum on independence, while
unsuccessful, is a major event in modern political science.
Scotland’s independence vote was complicated by
questions over international recognition, currency, and
defense and the binary nature of the campaigns. The failed
referendum raises a number of questions about subsequent
independence movements and the future British political
landscape. Because of these factors, Scotland will again vote
for independence. The combination of domestic political
turmoil, nationalism, and international actors will lead the
United Kingdom toward further devolution and a possible
federalist state. As these political changes happen, the
Scottish Parliament will continue to demand sovereignty.
The purpose of this research is to examine the applicability
of various theories of victimology to the case of Megan
Meier. In 2006 on the then-popular website MySpace.com,
Megan Meier was the victim of an array of cyberbullying
attacks led by an alias created by a friend’s mother. The
attacks were so severe that they led to Megan’s eventual
suicide. Given the details of the case, Routine Activities
Theory, Situational Exposure, Victim Proneness, and
Mendelsohn’s Typology of Victims are applied. These
theories were utilized in an attempt to better explain the
circumstances surrounding this tragic event.
“An Analysis of American Culture: Murderabilia”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well
Presenter: Andrew C. Gray (Bellefontaine, OH)
Research Advisor: Robert Carrothers (Psychology, Sociology
& Criminal Justice, ONU)
“ATG8a, a Destroyer of Paternal Mitochondrial DNA”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Jessica L. Harris (Medina, OH); Jenalyn M. Fallot
(North Canton, OH)
Research Advisor: Jamie Sanford (Biological & Allied Heath
Sciences, ONU)
A subculture of America has been forming since the first
publicized serial killings carried out by H. H. Holmes in the
late 1800s. With this subculture, a market for the collecting
of murderabilia, or objects that have once belonged to or
were created by serial killers, such as artwork, has formed.
In American culture, an argument can be made that serial
killers have reached the same celebrity status as many
movie stars, musicians, and so on. The purpose of this
paper is to examine this subculture. In doing this, the work
of Emile Durkheim was examined to explain why this
market may be present and what that means for this so
called muderabilia. Social construction was also used to
determine the creation of celebrity serial killers and why
murderabilia has the value that it does for the collectors.
ATG8a is an autophagy protein that helps restrict
autophagosome size and controls the recruitment of
cargoes into the autophagosome. ATG8a has been shown to
contribute to the destruction of paternal mitochondria in D.
melanogaster. The goal of this study was to clone the
ATG8a gene from D. melanogaster into a pUC19 vector. The
ATG8a gene was isolated from D. melanogaster, reproduced
through scaled-up PCR, and purified. While a cloned gene
was produced, as indicated by strong PCR product bands at
the expected location on an agarose gel, the authors were
unable to clone the gene into the chosen vector during the
course of our cell and molecular biology laboratory. In
addition to the laboratory work, an extensive review of
literature involving ATG8a and autophagy was performed.
Future work would include cloning the gene into a pUC19
vector and sending the cloned gene for sequence
confirmation.
“Answer to Pain Management Problems”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Katelynn M. Kenny (Mayville, NY)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Whitney Renee Kretz
“Benefits of an Autism-friendly Pediatric Emergency
Department”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Elizabeth Weitzel (Coldwater, OH)
Research Advisors: Katie Schroeder (Nursing, ONU); Robin
White (Nursing, ONU)
Purpose: Pain management is an underlying problem
especially on orthopedic units. Ineffective pain
management can lead to additional medical complications.
Pain is not being managed efficiently due to patient and
nurse knowledge deficit. Researchers have found that
assessment, intervention and evaluation need to take place
in order to manage pain. Pain scales are used to allow
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Thousands of children each year are diagnosed with an
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a disorder that
causes disruption of communication skills, rigid behavior
problems, and lack of social skills. With a large number of
pediatric patients dealing with this group of disorders, it is
important that healthcare professionals are educated about
the care for these patients in an acute care setting. It is
crucial healthcare professionals know different techniques
to deliver care to these patients to minimize a negative
hospital experience. The purpose of this project was to
determine the benefits and components of an autism
friendly emergency department (E.D.) environment for
patients with ASD. A short presentation with information
from autism experts including materials from institutions
that have implemented autism friendly care in the E.D. was
presented to nurse manager in the E.D.. Nursing
considerations when treating patients with ASDs were
included. The informational handout was well received by
unit manager. The handout will be used as part of the
education for staff nurses when the hospital is in the later
stages of planning for an autism friendly emergency
department. Nurses should collaborate with families and
become educated on the best methods of delivering care for
patients with Autism Disorders.
with the unit manager, the student nurse determines the
current strategies used to prevent falls on the unit. A brief
survey was completed by staff nurses to gain knowledge
concerning patients’ knowledge deficits regarding falls on
the unit. After approval, an educational tool was
administered to patients to educate them regarding the
prevention of falls in the hospital, long-term care facility,
and the home. A post-survey was administered to staff
nurses to determine their opinions regarding the
effectiveness and usefulness of the educational tool.
Results indicate that nurses on the orthopedic/neurological
unit value the provision of patient education in hospitals,
long-term care facilities, and in the home. This project
supports the importance of fall prevention strategies and
patient safety.
“Circular Arrangements of Delta-Barriers: Solving
Schrödinger's Equation for the Energy Spectrum”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Matthew R. Golden (Walled Lake, MI)
Research Advisor: Mellita Caragiu (Physics & Astronomy,
ONU)
Placing atoms in a circular arrangement enables us to use
Schrödinger's time-independent equation in combination
with specific boundary conditions in order to solve for the
system's energy spectrum. In addition, symmetry
constraints facilitate the investigation of various
configurations of atoms, including the situation in which
atoms are of different species. We use MAPLE to represent
graphically the solutions of the resulting transcendent
equations.
“Bringing Shift Report to the Bedside”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Ashley N. Hinkel (Springboro, OH)
Research Advisors: Kami Fox (Nursing, ONU); Robin White
(Nursing, ONU)
Motivation: Communication plays a vital role in healthcare.
The shift to shift report between nurses is the starting
point for care given to a patient during a specific shift. Shift
report must be clear and concise, yet complete. Moving
shift report from the nurses’ station to the bedside can
create a more complete picture of the patient and involve
the family, but many staff members are resistant to the
change. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to
promote staff acceptance of implementing bedside shift
report on the unit through an informative presentation.
Methodology: A short presentation and printed handout
was provided. This included positive outcomes, potential
improved patient satisfaction, and nurses’ opinions from
hospitals who have implemented this change. A voluntary
survey was conducted to determine the presentation’s
usefulness in promoting positive perceptions of the
implementation of change. Results/Discussion: All nurses
responded that the information was extremely useful. Their
greatest concern of bedside shift report implementation
was the resistance of nurses on the unit. Nursing
Implications/Conclusion: Nurses should have an open
mind about implementing bedside shift report in order to
improve patient satisfaction and create a more wellrounded and holistic shift to shift report.
“Clan Loyalties and Their Destruction of Somalia”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Hannah J. Allen (Troy, OH)
Research Advisor: Robert Waters (History, Politics & Justice,
ONU)
Inter turmoil within Somalia is not an uncommon
occurrence. At present, clan warfare is threatening to
destroy the established government and country. Smaller
statelets within the country, such as Somaliland and
Puntland, are functioning with stable independent
governments. These statelets are often held to a standard
of what Somalia could be in the future. Ethiopia and Kenya
are major trade partners with not only Somalia, but also the
independent statelets. This creates difficulties for all
parties involved, as well as the internally displaced persons
(IDPs) within these countries. IDPs are a major concern for
Somalia with its ongoing and long history of violence and
civil war. Through governmental transitions, famine and
drought, and clan and sub-clan interactions, Somalia is
being torn apart from the inside out. Clan loyalties are a
major part Somalia’s culture. These loyalties however, are a
main cause of the dysfunction and warfare within Somalia.
“Call, Don't Fall: A Project to Improve Patient Safety”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Haley M. Grim (New Freeport, PA)
Research Advisors: Christina Liebrecht (Nursing, ONU);
Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
“Decline of North American Bee Species”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Christine Errett (Van Wert, OH)
Research Advisor: Sydney A. Cameron (Entomology and
Genomic Biology, U of IL Urbana-Champaign)
ONU Faculty Sponsor: Harry Wilson (Geography, ONU)
The most common adverse events reported in hospitals are
falls. Alarmingly, rates range from 1.3 to 8.9 falls per 1,000
patient days. Safety, in the form of fall prevention
strategies must be addressed. Implementing an
informational tool could help patients better understand
fall precautions. On an orthopedic/neurological unit,
patients are often post-surgical, elderly, taking pain
medications and/or disoriented, all of which places them at
risk for falls. Falls negatively impact hospitals as well as
patients’ health and well-being. Through communication
Native species such as bumble bees (Bombus) are an
integral part in both wild and domestic plant pollination.
However, native Bombus populations have been declining in
recent years due to a loss of available habitat. In response
to the overall rates of decline in Bombus species, a proposal
has been made to implement a native pollinator garden
using native seed blends. Predicted results of the proposed
garden include an overall increase in the number of native
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Bombus. In conclusion, implementing a native pollinator
garden will have a positive correlation on the overall
numbers of native Bombus species due to increased habitat
availability.
The United States’ use of drones in the war on terrorism
has generated a debate on its legality and its effectiveness
in combating terrorism. Opponents argue that it is legally
wrong against the laws of armed conflict. It also results in
massive civilian casualty that further spurs recruitments
into the ranks of the terrorist groups. Supporters counter
argue that it is legally right as a means of warfare with very
minimal collateral damage and thus does not elicit
recruitment into terrorist groups. This research examines
the validity of both positions in the debate using survey
methodology. The research discusses the theoretical debate
and examines the legality of use of drone. A research
experiment has been devised to either prove, or dismiss
several hypotheses. The experiment consists of surveying
international students on ONU’s campus focusing on
variables such as religion, gender, state or region. I expect
that Middle Eastern students will have stronger opinions
against drones than American students who are more likely
support the use of drones. I also expect that Muslim
students will have a stronger opinion against the use of
drones than Christians or atheists whiles females are more
likely to oppose drone use than males.
“Delegation: Whose Job Is It?”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Nicole Cuddy (Lancaster, PA)
Research Advisor: Cynthia Woodfield (Nursing, ONU)
Motivation: The process of delegation between nurses and
assistive personnel is not always an easy task. Many nurses
feel unprepared to delegate due to a lack of knowledge and
understanding of proper delegation. Delegation, when done
properly, can be very beneficial. When effective delegation
occurs, there is an increase in work efficiency, effective
communication, teamwork, and patient safety and
satisfaction. When proper delegation does not occur,
patient care can be neglected and conflict can arise. It is
very important that both nurses and assistive personnel
know how to properly delegate tasks. Purpose: The
purpose of this study is to assess delegation knowledge
and then educate nurses and assistive personnel on proper
delegation. Methodology: Pre- and post-presentation
surveys were given to nurses and assistive personnel on a
cardiac step-down unit to assess their knowledge and
personal thoughts regarding delegation. An educational
presentation was given to staff members before completion
of a post-survey. Survey responses were evaluated and
compared. Results: After completion of an educational
presentation, nurses’ and assistive personnel’s comfort
levels regarding delegation increased. There was also an
increase in the number of correct responses. Conclusion:
Nurses and assistive personnel should be properly
educated on delegation to improve patient care.
“DVT Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Hannah Livengood (Norwalk, OH)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
Motivation: Hospitalized patients are susceptible to
preventable problems that nurses can help avoid. Deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) is a complication in 10% to 20% of
patients which can lead to life-threatening complications
such as a pulmonary embolism. Administration of
anticoagulants like Lovenox or Heparin in addition to the
implementation of anti-embolic stockings or sequential
compression devices can decrease this risk. Nurse
awareness as to whether their patient has any of these
prophylactic treatments ordered is essential for blood clot
prevention. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to
educate nurses on the importance of checking active orders
for DVT prevention and implementing prophylactic
treatment. Methodology: Data was collected on a
Renal/Telemetry floor at a local hospital by reviewing active
orders in the charts and recording prophylactic treatment
ordered. Results/Discussion: Upon initial assessment, 89%
had one or more forms of prophylactic treatment ordered.
Nurses will be educated and a reminder sheet placed on
each pod to help nurses remember to check active orders
for each of their patients. Further results anticipated after
distributing a follow-up survey to the nurses. Conclusion: It
is imperative that nurses check active orders and
implement prophylactic treatment to their patients to
prevent DVTs.
“Design, Construction, and Programming a Tactile Maze
Robot”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Hamzah Aljahdali (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia);
Ahmad Abualhassan (Duba, Saudi Arabia)
Research Advisor: David Rouch (Technological Studies,
ONU)
This research and development project consisted of
designing, building, and programming a tactile robot that
navigates a right and left turn maze. The robot was
designed to compete in the National Robotics Challenge
held in Marion, Ohio on April 9, 2015. This particular
contest allows the robot to physically contact the walls of
the maze while navigating through a multi-level, walled, 64
square foot field. The robot is allowed three runs through
the maze with the quickest trip recorded as the official
competing time. The components of the robot includes the
use of an Arduino Microcontroller with DC gear motors,
touch sensors, and Adafruit motor shield to power and
control the motors. The program code was written using an
open source C++ Arduino programming language that was
loaded on a computer and the code was downloaded to the
microcontroller. All robot components were drawn in the
Autodesk Inventor parametric design software to determine
appropriate size and component location optimization.
Chassis parts, motor mounts, and sensor arm components
were rapid prototyped with a Stratasys 3D fused deposition
molding machine.
“Effect of Nicotine on Rewarding and Affective Behaviors
in RGS-4 Knockout Mice”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Lisanne Sprague (Williamsville, NY)
Research Advisors: Manoranjan D'Souza (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU); Boyd R. Rorabaugh
(Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Haval Norman, Albert Bui, Sarah
Seeley
Tobacco smoking is a critical problem in our country,
especially amongst individuals who suffer from anxiety and
depression. Nicotine, the major psychoactive component of
tobacco smoke, causes dopamine release which mediates
its anxiolytic, antidepressant and rewarding effects. The
regulator of G-protein signaling-4 (RGS-4) protein has been
linked to dopamine regulation by inhibiting the effects of
“Drones: An International Perspective”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Brittany M. Johns (Union City, OH)
Research Advisors: Kofi Nsia-Pepra (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU); Rebecca Brooks (History, Politics & Justice,
ONU)
9
dopamine receptor activation. The purpose of this study is
to assess the effects of nicotine on rewarding and affective
behaviors in RGS-4 knockout and wild type mice. In our
research, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors will be
assessed using the elevated plus maze model and tail
suspension model, respectively. Rewarding effects of
nicotine will be evaluated by measuring changes in
nicotine-induced locomotor activity. We hypothesize that
RGS-4 knockout mice will be more sensitive to the
rewarding, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects of
nicotine. Preliminary results suggest that RGS-4 knockout
mice have lower locomotor activity compared to wild-type
mice when tested with nicotine (0.05 mg/kg, base). No
differences between wild type and RGS-4 knockout mice
were found in anxiety-like or depression-like behaviors.
Overall, based on data collected till date, RGS-4 proteins
may be involved in rewarding effects but not
antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of nicotine.
healthcare facilities have been affected by the position. A
survey was provided to willing nurses to obtain information
on prior knowledge of the topic and how they felt the
position could affect nursing care. Results: Results yielded
positive outcomes associated with the implementation of
the CNL position and positive feedback from staff
regarding addition of such a position. Conclusion: Nursing
units should aim to add positions such as a CNL to support
nursing and patient satisfaction and increase quality of
care.
“Enhancing Medication Education Prior to Discharge:
Nurse Education on the M in the BoxSM Initiative”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Jessica L. Hoffert (Shakopee, MN)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
Inpatient medication education begins upon admission to
prepare for discharge. Yet, studies show the principal
reason for readmission is medication noncompliance. An
education initiative called M in the BoxSM provides visual
representation to enhance medication communication.
However, patient satisfaction scores indicate they are still
not receiving adequate communication about medications,
prompting an investigation into nurse knowledge and
habits about the initiative to improve outcomes. This study
examined nurses’ attitudes about the M in the BoxSM, and
determined if a brief education session increases nurses’
utilization of the program to improve nurse-patient
medication education. The population was nurses working
an ICU stepdown unit at a hospital in northwest Ohio. A
pre-survey was administered to measure the nurses’
confidence regarding the initiative. Education on the M in
the BoxSM was provided in the form of a verbal presentation
and poster. A post-survey was then administered.
Comparison of the surveys indicated that utilization of the
M in the BoxSM initiative increased, although changes nurses
made in their education content did not. Comprehension of
the initiative increased, and perceived barriers to education
overall decreased. This study highlights strengths and
challenges of nurse-patient communication, and simple
changes that can be utilized to promote medication
education.
“Effects of Carbohydrate Consumption on Creatine
Augmentation of Work Output in Females”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Nicole L. Berry (Brunswick, OH); Carolyn A.
Thomas (Strongsville, OH); Sabrina E. Newstead (Cincinnati,
OH)
Research Advisor: Vicki Motz (Biological & Allied Heath
Sciences, ONU)
Creatine, an organic acid, is converted to creatine
phosphate in muscle, and used to make adenosine
triphosphate for energy. In males, creatine supplements
increase physical strength, resulting in improved work
output and increased athletic performance. However it is
not known if this improvement due to supplementation is
seen in females, who have a diet lower in creatine. This
study hypothesized that a two week regimen of creatine
supplementation would increase power output and work
done in females; and that this increase would be
augmented when creatine was taken with carbohydrates.
Thirty-two females (aged 18 to 23) were randomly placed
into a placebo group, a group receiving 10g creatine twice
daily, or a group receiving 10g creatine with 1.6 g
carbohydrate twice daily. A two minute Wingate test was
used to measure power (resistance x distance/time) and
work output (resistance x distance) prior to and two weeks
after supplementation. Power was tracked at 30 second
intervals during the testing. Creatine, when taken with
carbohydrate significantly increased endurance over the
control group (power at the end of the two minute period;
by paired t-test at 95% confidence) whereas creatine alone
did not. No significant change in work was observed.
“Evaluation of Reaction Kinetics of Compounds Designed
Using Computer Modeling to Inhibit Glutamate
Racemase”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Emily Wells (New Carlisle, OH); Olivia Dinsmore
(South Lyon, MI)
Research Advisor: Amy Stockert (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Tarek Mahfouz (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU); Danny Krall
“Effects of the Clinical Nurse Leader on Pediatric Nursing
Care”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Chelsea Ann Kennedy (Grand Rapids, OH)
Research Advisor: Katie Schroeder (Nursing, ONU)
Antibiotic resistance is growing problem affecting
healthcare. Exploring new targets is essential to continue to
combat the resistance. Glutamate racemase is a potential
target for the compounds to inhibit, the enzyme is
responsible for the inter-conversion between D- and Lglutamate in bacteria. Glutamate racemase is essential for
viability of several pathogens, making it an ideal target for
developing a new class of antibiotics. Using computer
modeling, the active site of glutamate racemase from S.
Pneumoniae was modified in order to create a model for
which the inhibitors were created from. Various
compounds were explored using Kirby-Bauer screening to
determine their antimicrobial activity. The gene encoding
the enzyme was cloned and expressed in E.coli for further
testing. We explored that activity of the enzyme in the
presence of the potential inhibitors in order to determine
the effectiveness of these potential drugs as specifically
Motivation: Pediatric nurses working at a regional
children’s hospital are commonly faced with demanding
patient loads and at times, high nurse-to-patient ratios.
This demanding nature of work requires nurses to seek
help from peers and may lead to increased nurse burnout.
The addition of a new nursing position could be beneficial
in reducing stress nurses face while improving patient
satisfaction and unit outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of
this project is to define the clinical nurse leader position
(CNL), determine knowledge and opinions of nurses on the
position, and determine possible outcomes associated with
this nursing position. Methodology: A literature search was
conducted on the CNL position. Information was obtained
to adequately define the position and determine how other
10
inhibiting this enzyme. The rate of enzymatic reactions
among several concentrations of reactant r-gluatmate was
evaluated for various concentrations of compounds to
determine their effectiveness as an inhibitor.
“Halide Ions as Tracers for Human Wastewater Inputs to
an Agricultural Watershed”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Abigail G. Thayer (Painesville, OH)
Research Advisor: Christopher E. Spiese (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
“Examining the History and Evolution of the 340B Drug
Discount Program”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Chamaine Nicole Centers (Zanesville, OH)
Research Advisor: Matthew Kutch (Economics, ONU)
Tracking water sources is useful in distinguishing
anthropogenic and natural inputs to a water supply so that
sources of contaminants can be traced. Water flowpaths in
Hardin and Putnam counties, Ohio, were analyzed using
anion tracers. Water samples were collected from several
local sources, including rivers, wells, drainage tiles, septic
systems, and rainwater. Concentrations of halide ions
(fluoride, chloride, and bromide) were used to differentiate
source waters. Groundwater, rainwater, and septic drainage
each exhibited a distinct signature of [Cl-]/[F-] vs. [F-], and
the composition of river water and drainage tile effluent
was determined from these tracers. The composition of
river water was compared to calculated groundwater and
rainwater content from base flow in order to evaluate the
efficacy of this method. This study will help evaluate the
sources of water and associated contaminants (e.g.,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacteria) to local rivers.
The 340B Drug Discount Program passed by Congress in
1992 was created with the intention to lower medication
costs for indigent patients to stretch limited federal
resources. To achieve those goals the 340B program
requires drug manufacturers to provide pricing discounts
to covered entities participating in the program. Those drug
savings then allow more of federal resources to be used to
reach additional patients and provide more comprehensive
health services. The addition of numerous provisions over
the years has expanded the initial scope of the program,
which in turn has substantially increased participation
rates. Such provisions can be found within the Medicare
Modernization Act, the Affordable Care Act, and HRSA
guidelines. The purpose of this research is to examine the
structure of the program to determine its efficiency from
the perspective of firms, markets, and economy. This
research will explore facility versus patient eligibility, cost
structure, inventory management and auditing practices.
Research to date has shown potential inconsistencies
between the programs current structure and its intended
purpose. Results of this research will provide valuable
insight into the history and evolution of the 340B Drug
Discount Program and determine areas of weaknesses
affecting overall transparency and future sustainability of
the program.
“History of Sport at ONU”
Video, 12:10 p.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Nate Bracy (Wapakoneta, OH)
Research Advisor: Russ Crawford (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Robert Borger, Shaile Chamberlin,
Skylor Dennis, Braden Foley, Grant Goddard, Dan
Knapinski, Zach Maier, Ben Prewitt, Rebecca Saine, Dan
Steigerwald, Matt Stockhaus, Rochelle Theriault, Aaron
Tuck
The students in Sport and Society (HIST 2601) made films
concerning the history of sports at ONU. The films explore
the development and history of various sports at this
university. The assignment was to determine who started
ONU sports and how they have evolved over the years.
“Fire Fighting Maze Robot”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Donald Leroy Thomas III (Plain City, OH)
Research Advisor: David Rouch (Technological Studies,
ONU)
Additional Researcher: Trevor Kyle Neuenschwander
“Homeostatic Effect of Music on Heart Rate Recovery”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Austin Bracy (Lima, OH); Curtis Warren
(Tallahassee, FL); Tyler Calton (Cleveland, OH); Eduardo
Dias Da Silva (Abaetetuba, Brazil); Chad Smith (Miamisburg,
OH)
Research Advisor: Vicki Motz (Biological & Allied Heath
Sciences, ONU)
We will be creating a robot that can navigate a maze, find a
fire, and extinguish it.
“Firebot”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Jordan S. Tabor (Ada, OH)
Research Advisor: David Rouch (Technological Studies,
ONU)
Music generates a physiological response such that heart
rate increases with excitatory music and decreases with
relaxing music. Although music has been shown to affect
work output during exercise, the mechanism of this effect
is poorly understood. Furthermore, changes in post
exercise recovery time have been attributed to music as a
distraction factor rather than as a direct physiological
response to the music. This study postulated a genre
specific physiological change in heart rate post-exercise in
subjects exposed to music during exercise and relaxation.
Three random mixed gender groups (N=10) of college
students (aged 18-24) exercised on an elliptical machine,
maintaining their heart rate at 65-75% of their calculated
maximum heart rate for 10 min. During exercise and
recovery each group listened to either: no music, relaxing
music, or excitatory music. The average time for each group
to return to resting heart rate was compared using ANOVA
followed by post-hoc t-tests (p<0.05). The presence of
excitatory music consistently delayed the return to resting
heart rate while relaxing music accelerated the return to
resting rate when compared to subjects who did not listen
Our task was to design and build a robot that navigates a
miniature house layout seeking the flame of a candle and
putting it out. This robot, the FireBot, must complete this
task without touching any obstacles in its way.
“Firefighting Robot”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Trevor Kyle Neuenschwander (Archbold, OH);
Donald Leroy Thomas III (Plain City, OH)
Research Advisor: David Rouch (Technological Studies,
ONU)
The purpose of our research is to build a robot capable of
navigating a maze and finding a candle and blowing it out
and then taking the robot to competition to compete
against other universities. We will Arduino programming
software to complete our task. While at competition we
hope to place well enough to come home with an award.
11
to music. These findings support the concept of music
eliciting a genre specific physiological response,
(presumably acting through limbic regulation of the
autonomic nervous system).
Presenter: Alice Fox (New Knoxville, OH)
Research Advisor: Erica Neely (Philosophy & Religion, ONU)
The mass hysteria Hollywood sparked about the Artificial
Intelligence Armageddon with its ever-popular Terminator
franchise caused a great deal of animosity and fear toward
the development and use of robots and Artificially
Intelligent beings (AI). Due to this, many people, including
Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking, have expressed concerns
of an overly-technologic society, a robot revolt, and even a
human genocide. However, the goal of my research is to
actually gain the support and acceptance of AI as members
of the human community. To achieve this, it is crucial to
examine not only philosophical and ethical literature
surrounding Artificial Intelligence, but also about the trials
and tribulations humans have faced in terms of community,
race, gender, and identity. In totality, these resources will
show that AI are deserving of an equivalent personhood
status to human beings and the rights, liberties, and
pursuits of happiness that accompany it. These resources
will also shed light upon the overarching question of AI
creation: how do you raise a robot?
“How Academic Standing and Extracurricular Activities
Affect Scholarship Distribution”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Taylor Rabold (Shelby, OH); Sarah Rohan (Lima,
OH); Myahrissa Ramsey (Cincinnati, OH); Jessica L. Harris
(Medina, OH)
Research Advisor: Megan Clegg-Kraynok (Psychology,
Sociology & Criminal Justice, ONU)
Previous research has focused on overt and covert
prejudice in the areas of crime and the workplace, however,
research in the realm of academic endeavors is lacking
(Bushman & Bonacci, 2004). This study will examine how
ethnicity and gender affect scholarship distribution among
college students. Participants will be asked to divide
$20,000 of scholarship money among six applicants based
on their resumes which will include education, work and
volunteer experience, and skills/interests. The applications
will include one male and one female name for each of the
following groups: African American, Arabic, and Caucasian.
We hypothesize that resumes with Caucasian-sounding
names will receive the highest average amount of
scholarship money, African American-sounding names will
receive the second highest, and Arabic-sounding names will
receive the lowest average amount. Our second hypothesis
is that resumes with female names will receive higher
funding than resumes with male names. If our hypotheses
are supported, it would suggest that unconscious racial and
gender biases are playing a role in the granting and
awarding of scholarship money, possibly limiting access to
higher education for some minorities more than others.
“Human Trafficking: Exploration of Forms and
Awareness”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenters: James William Lee (Frankfort, OH); Andrew
Robert Munshower (Cleveland, OH); Allison Nicole Castle
(South Vienna, OH); Jessica L. Kuhn (West Olive, MI); Bryant
Timothy Welch (Romeoville, IL); Holly N. Sunafrank
(Zanesville, OH)
Research Advisor: JoAnn Scott (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
The purpose of the questionnaire is to test and compare
the level of awareness of Human Trafficking and the
various types of Human Trafficking found in the U.S. Our
Hypothesis is that there is a marked difference on the level
of awareness between faculty, staff, students, and
community. Students will also present a discussion on the
various types of Human Trafficking.
“How Stress and Nutrition Labels Impact Eating”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Kelsey Hoffman (Ada, OH); Tabitha Jolliff (Ada,
OH); Kyle Pressley (Norwalk, OH); Sydney Vance (Sherwood,
OH)
Research Advisor: Megan Clegg-Kraynok (Psychology,
Sociology & Criminal Justice, ONU)
“Implementing the Daily Huddle”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Jodi K. Otte (Maria Stein, OH)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
People under stress have a tendency to overeat (Roberts,
Campbell, & Troop, 2013). Research has demonstrated
people control eating more when provided with nutritional
information about what they are consuming (Dowray,
Swartz, Braxton, & Viera 2012). The current study links
these findings, to determine if stress-eating can be
controlled via nutritional labels. Participants will be
provided with two servings of animal crackers as well as
either a full nutrition label (ingredients + nutrition) or a
label with only ingredients. Participants will then be given
either a test of difficult or easy anagrams, which they will
have 10 minutes to complete. The State-Trait Anxiety
Inventory will be administered before and after the
manipulation to ensure the efficacy of the anagram task as
a stressor, and the number of crackers consumed will be
measured at the conclusion of the study. We hypothesize
that stressed participants presented with only the
ingredients will eat more than the stressed participants
presented with full nutrition information and that stressed
participants will eat more than our non-stressed
participants overall. If the hypotheses are supported it
suggests that information regarding product nutrition may
be a means to control stress-eating.
Motivation/Purpose: The inability to hold daily huddles or
brief, unit-wide nurses’ meetings on a pediatric floor may
compromise effective communication on the unit, which in
turn, may compromise patient safety. The purpose of this
study is to determine the most effective method of offering
daily huddles on a pediatric unit. Methods: A survey was
given to staff nurses from day and night shift on a pediatric
unit at a local hospital regarding current communication
strategies utilized. The survey consisted of six questions
regarding the current ineffectiveness of holding daily
huddles and suggestions for huddle improvement. Results:
The survey revealed day shift nurses most commonly
communicate with the nurse manager by word of mouth
and were highly satisfied with communication on the floor.
Night shift nurses most commonly communicate with the
nurse manager by email and were less satisfied with
communication on the floor. Little interest was shown in
holding structured daily huddles on both shifts.
Conclusion: Word of mouth provides the most satisfaction
regarding unit communication, thus strengthening the
argument for consistent implementation of daily huddles.
Survey results and compiled research was given to the
nurse manager in order to affect future implementation on
the unit.
“How to Raise a Robot”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
12
“Improving Language Acquisition in ESL Environments—
How Refining Nonverbal Interactions Improves Student
Learning and Retention”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Khadijah M. Bagais (Toledo, OH)
Research Advisor: Shane Tilton (Communication & Media
Studies, ONU)
Motivation: The need to increase communication between
nursing students and 1st nurses in the clinical setting is a
commonly identified theme. Improving the quality of the
information that is passed on in report may maximize the
benefits of the clinical experience for the students, patients,
nurses and instructors. Increasing communication between
the healthcare team, student nurses, and the clinical
instructors may help to increase patient satisfaction and
patient safety. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to
improve upon current student nurse communication with
their 1st nurse in the clinical setting by creating a hand-off
report form. Methodology: Staff nurses on a medicalsurgical unit at a local hospital were surveyed to identify
the desired patient information that should be passed on to
the 1st nurse at the end of the student’s shift. Using those
responses, a form was created that condensed the
information the nurses needed to comprehensively care for
the patients on the unit. Staff nurses and management will
be educated on the form and encouraged to utilize it with
students. Results/Conclusion: The project to create a
nursing student to staff nurse clinical report form is in
progress and will be completed at the end of March 2015.
At present the field of ESL research is lacking in regards to
how nonverbal communication (NVC) can affect how
students learn in the classroom environment. There is some
research about the different ways of communicating with
ESL students, however, this information does not really
address understanding the specific points that both
instructors and students can identify and improve. My
research will investigate the link between the use of NVC,
like gestures, body language, paralanguage etc., in ESL
classrooms, and how effectively ESL students learn and
retain what they are taught. Specifically, what techniques
prove to be the most useful, so that both teachers and
students can adopt them? This will be studied through
observation and short tests where students will listen to or
watch clips of an interaction, and then relay how much they
remember. The outcomes of this research will also be
relevant to people seeking to learn a second language in a
classroom setting. By having both teachers and students
improve and increase their use of NVC, I hypothesize
students will more effectively learn and remember lessons,
vocabulary, and speaking skills.
“Improving the Eradication of Triple-negative and
Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Cells via
Targeting the TRPM2 Channel”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Daniel P. Powell (Pittsburgh, PA); Steven D. Blake
(Ravenna, OH); Joy L. Hoffman (Fremont, OH)
Research Advisor: David W. Koh (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
“Improving Organizational Communication in Ada, Ohio”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Victoria Suarez (Chicago, IL)
Research Advisor: Shane Tilton (Communication & Media
Studies, ONU)
ONU Faculty Sponsor: Christine North (Communication &
Media Studies, ONU)
Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) is a
plasma membrane cation channel in noncancerous cells,
but we previously demonstrated a unique role in breast
cancer cells where it regulates cell proliferation. Here, we
evaluated the ability of TRPM2 inhibition to induce cell
death in noncancerous and cancerous breast cells.
Treatment with chemotherapeutic agents caused increased
cell death in MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells
pretreated with TRPM2 inhibitors, but not in noncancerous
mammary cells. Similar results were observed after TRPM2
RNAi silencing in both MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple-negative
(TN) breast cancer line, and MCF-7 cells, an estrogen
receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer line, after
chemotherapy. These results suggest that targeting TRPM2
can lead to the improved treatment of TN and ER+ breast
cancer patients. Currently, we are producing TN and ER+
breast cancer lines that stably express anti-TRPM2 shRNA.
We have screened three anti-TRPM2 shRNAmir lentiviral
vectors and identified the best vector that silences TRPM2
expression. This vector will be used by our collaborators to
lentivirally transduce TN and ER+ breast cancer cell lines in
the future. Taken together, our results suggest that TRPM2
is a potential target in breast cancer, where its inhibition
may cause the selective eradication of breast tumors.
Defining a traditional food desert has been a debate for the
last few years. It has been considered very complex since
many factors can act on an area in not providing nutritious
affordable food to the residents. There is progress on
whether or not if food deserts still remain a problem with
in America as of today. There are more research
opportunities in better understanding a food desert and its
existence whether in insufficient supply of nutritious foods
or if it is insufficient demand which are different situations
to deal with (Bitler and Haider, 2011). More education on
the topic of food deserts is also of discussion in my
research. Many past policies and potential new ones
addressing the complexity of the situation need to be
presented to communities that are undergoing some food
disparities. This is why food pantries can communicate to
those they are supplying, those who decided to work with
them, and the surrounding area in general can be a helpful
step. The focus is on what non-profits in rural areas need to
incorporate in providing to their communities. I will be
addressing why organizational communication
improvement will benefit those aiding areas with food
disparities. Improving how an organization communicates
and structures its end results, can assist the community
structure in reducing the negative effects of food insecurity
that may be present within some rural areas as that of Ada,
Ohio.
“Increased Myocardial Sensitivity to Ischemic Injury in
an Animal Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Anna Krivenko (Richmond Heights, OH); Eric
Eisenmann (Broadview Heights, OH); Albert Bui (Los
Angeles, CA); Megan Fry (Edon, OH); Joseph Lawson
(Uniontown, PA); Lauren Stoner (Mansfield, OH); Kyle
Pressley (Norwalk, OH)
Research Advisor: Phillip R. Zoladz (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Boyd R. Rorabaugh (Pharmaceutical
& Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
“Improving Student Nurse Communication to 1st Nurses
in the Clinical Setting”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Mary (Molly) P. Stancik (Chagrin Falls, OH)
Research Advisors: Cynthia Woodfield (Nursing, ONU);
Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
Individuals exposed to life-threatening trauma are at a
significant risk of developing PTSD, which is characterized
13
by intrusive memories and hypervigilance. Zoladz et al. has
developed a robust rodent model of PTSD. Two exposures
to a predator separated by ten days combined with 31 days
of chronic social instability effectively produces PTSD-like
behavior in rats. This model has allowed for more
controlled examination of the causes of variability in
psychological and physiological response to life-threatening
trauma. After we exposed rats to the PTSD manipulation,
rats exhibited anxious, PTSD-like behavior in the elevated
plus maze. Stress and anxiety was evident through
increased serum concentrations of corticosterone. In this
study, we further explored the relationship between
induced PTSD and the severity of myocardial infarctions.
Hearts from stressed rats and non-stressed rats (control)
were harvested and mounted on a Langendorff isolated
heart system. They were then exposed to 20 minutes of
ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Overall, stressed rats
experienced worse cardiac function as evident from the
following measured parameters (infarct size, rate pressure
product, +dp/dt, -dp/dt, end diastolic pressure). Results
from this animal model suggests that PTSD may make the
myocardium more sensitive to ischemic injury.
a great deal of the stress-memory literature is based on
evidence collected exclusively from males. This bias
persists because females, as a research population,
represent a highly heterogenous group due to the wide
range of hormone fluctuations associated with the
menstrual cycle. However, if the literature is ever to reflect
a comprehensive understanding of the stress-memory
interaction, more studies must begin to incorporate
experimental measures that allow for analysis of the
modulatory effect female hormones may be exerting. As
such, the present study sought to provide foundational
information on the modulatory impact that varying levels
of progesterone and estrogen may have on the encoding
process for emotional material. Findings showed a strong
positive correlation between progesterone levels and free
recall data, indicating that females may be at greater risk
for developing traumatic memories during times when
progesterone levels peak.
“Innovative Solutions to Improve Food Effectiveness in
College Food Service”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Nicolas Ruiz Santos (Madrid, Spain)
Research Advisor: Paul Nutter (Technological Studies, ONU)
“Increasing Implementation of Seizure Action Plans”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Stacia R. High (DeGraff, OH)
Research Advisors: Robin White (Nursing, ONU); Susan
Montenery (Nursing, ONU)
Introduction: During the time spent at the Ohio Northern
University, I have observed there is significant opportunity
to reduce food waste in the university cafe (McIntosh
Center). A high percentage ends up wasted.
Objectives: The objectives are to identify opportunities to
reduce unnecessary resources and economic waste in the
O.N.U. cafe, and investigate different "second lives" that
may be given to food remains (e.g, food, drinks, fried oil,
etc.) that currently go to garbage. Specific goals: 1. Cook
strictly the necessary food. 2. Increase public (students,
university staff, cafeteria staff) food awareness to reduce
excess. 3. Give a “second life” to wasted food. Methodology
and Support Phases: Direct contact will be established with
the cafe staff (having the Top Chef, Allen Blankeship, as the
special internal support) and with different important
people that will help in developing the project: Professor
Terry Keiser, David Delafield, David MacDonald, etc.
Necessary data will be collected to determine specific
proceedings to minimize food wastage. Weekly meetings
will be held with Professor Nutter (project manager) to
review the progress and monitor how the project is
developing. Conclusion: Opportunities are needed, and
have been identified, which can result in much better
effectiveness in the use of these food resources.
Motivation: High re-admission rates of pediatric patients
with seizure activity are an issue. Seizure action plans
(SAPs) have been put into place to educate patients/families
on how to treat seizures at home and distinguish if they are
severe enough for professional medical attention.
Patients/families should be given SAPs upon hospital
discharge for reference when seizure activity occurs,
although these plans aren’t always completed nor are
patients/parents educated on these plans, therefore staff
education on SAPs is needed. Purpose: The purpose of this
project is to examine nurses’ views on the importance of
SAPs and increase the amount of patients that are
discharged with SAPs in place. Methodology: Discharges of
neurology patients will be examined four separate times.
Neurology patients that should be discharged with SAPs
will have their electronic medical record examined to verify
SAP completion. After data is collected twice, unit nurses
will be educated on SAPs. After education is complete, data
will be collected through chart reviews two additional
times, then compared. Results: Initially SAP completion
increased, but these results did not remain consistent
throughout. Conclusion: Nurses should encourage
neurology residents to complete SAPs so this tool can be
used to educate patients/families about seizures upon
discharge.
“Intangible Aspects of Cultural Heritage in Local
Museums: A Case Study of Youngstown, Ohio”
Paper, 1:40 p.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Giavonna Cappabianca (Youngstown, OH)
Research Advisor: Raymond Schuck (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU)
“Influence of Female Hormones on Emotional Memory
Formation”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well
Presenter: Chelsea Cadle (Lima, OH)
Research Advisor: Phillip R. Zoladz (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
In a local history museum, the visitor experience depends
upon the community memory. Intangible cultural heritage
including practices, values, and traditions have an
established connection to the people of an area. A
combination of intangible heritage and objects can
accomplish the true history of a community in a museum
where the story of the people is accurately reflected.
Although it was once believed that stress exerts global
deleterious effects on learning and memory, the past
decades of stress-memory research has led to the
realization that stress can enhance, impair, or have no
effect on these processes. Research attempting to
determine the conditions under which stress results in
these differential effects has reported that sex may be a
crucial factor. Indeed, extensive work has indicated that
stress exerts sex-specific effects on declarative learning and
memory. Despite these commonly reported sex differences,
“Intravascular Tubing Labels, a Help or Hindrance?”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Chelsea Aukele-Marie Miller (Grover Hill, OH)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
Intravascular (I.V.) access in patients increase the chance of
infection entering the blood stream. To decrease this
14
occurrence, I.V. sets are scheduled to be changed within a
specific amount of time varying with medication, solutions
administered, and facility protocol. Research was
conducted at a regional hospital to determine adherence of
I.V. policies standards of care and application. Blood
infections have been linked to higher mortality rates and
extended stays for patients. High quality and efficient care
is the cornerstone for nursing care and practice, including
helping patients achieve optimal health. Adhering to the
standards of care may decrease the risk of infection
occurring during a patient’s stay. Intravascular set labeling
information was collected at the beginning and end of three
twelve hour shifts. Labeling sets were assessed to find
adherence levels to the standards of care guidelines
outlined by the hospital. The assessment revealed, the
adherence level was attained 61.4% of the time. Thus, the
policy was reviewed with the unit nurses and a reference
card was placed in every patient room. After remediation of
the policy and inclusion of card sets, the sets were again
assessed for three shifts to determine if there was any
change in adherence.
tubing changes can decrease patients' risk of bloodstream
infections. Keywords: Intravenous Tubing, Infection,
Bloodstream infection, Intravenous policy
“Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Lanthanide
Complexes as Sensors for Reactive O2 (a1Δg)”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Brendan J. Graziano (Wickliffe, OH); Carly
Mathewson (Avon Lake, OH)
Research Advisor: Jeffrey A. Gray (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
Singlet molecular oxygen, the lowest excited electronic
state, is a form of reactive oxygen that occurs naturally in
many biochemical reactions and is used to kill cancer cells.
Currently, the best method for detection of singlet oxygen
is to monitor its 1240 nm emission, which is not sensitive.
Our research examines indirect sensing of O2 (a1Δg) using
laser spectroscopy of lanthanide-ion complexes whose
energy levels are closely correlated. We are developing a
new technique, two-color, time-resolved transient
fluorescence of tris(tetramethyl heptanedianato)
dysprosium(III), to measure the rate constant for quenching
by oxygen. Preliminary results include near-infrared optical
pumping and measurement of visible fluorescence lifetimes
in different solvents
“Investigating the Saponin Content of Orange Jewelweed,
Impatiens capensis”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Michael Herman (Crestline, OH)
Research Advisor: Christopher Bowers (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Vicki Motz (Biological & Allied
Health Sciences, ONU); David Kinder (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
“Microevolutionary Analysis of Large-scale Dispersal
Patterns in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) across
Ohio”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Matt Wentz (Strongsville, OH)
Research Advisor: Stephen Kolomyjec (Biological & Allied
Heath Sciences, ONU)
Orange jewelweed, Impatiens capensis, is a common
ethnomedicinal plant found in Ohio's temperate forests.
Traditionally, I. capensis leaves are rubbed on the skin
following contact with poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans,
in order to lessen the effects of contact dermatitis.
However, despite its abundance and bioactivity, the active
components of I. capensis have never been isolated and
characterized. This study is focused on the isolation and
characterization of saponins (soap-like compounds) from I.
capensis, which may act to wash away the oily irritant that
is the main factor in poison ivy-induced contact dermatitis,
urushiol.
The striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) is commonly sighted
mammal found throughout Ohio and the surrounding
states. While not currently considered a 1st reservoir
species of rabies in Ohio, skunks have historically been
included on that list and have the potential to become an
active reservoir species in the future. This makes the skunk
an important species in terms of wildlife and public health
concerns. As a result we decided to use microsatellite
markers to investigate the population genetics of the skunk
across Ohio, looking for the microevolutionary signal of
gene flow that would be indicative of long established
dispersal patterns. Not only will this study help improve
our baseline understanding of a widespread mammal
species but evidence of historic movement patterns could
provide a valuable insight to wildlife management and
epidemiology should there be a major outbreak in the
future.
Preliminary analysis indicated a greater than expected
genetic diversity among sampled skunks. We have also
detected a strong East to West gradient in population
differentiation as well as a division between the North-East
and East Central regions of Ohio.
“Labeling of Intravenous Tubing and Infection
Prevention”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Mara Elizabeth Jacobs (Ottawa, OH)
Research Advisors: Robin White (Nursing, ONU); Susan
Montenery (Nursing, ONU)
Background: Intravenous (IV) tubing is widely used in the
hospital setting. Labeling a patient's IV tubing with the date
and time of when the tubing was hung and when it expires
can improve communication and ultimately decrease
bloodstream infections. Bloodstream infections can
increase a patient's length of stay in the hospital, increase
their hospital costs, and increase morbidity and mortality
rates. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to assess
nurses' knowledge of the policy on labeling and changing
patients' IV tubing and educate them on these policies.
Methods: Each patient's room on the oncology unit was
inspected to determine if the IV tubing was labeled and
dated, and these findings were recorded. Nurses filled out
an anonymous pre-test measuring their current knowledge
of hospital policies regarding IV tubing changes. Education
of staff was then performed and a post-test was given.
Results: The results of the inspection of each patients‘
room of their primary and secondary IV tubing showed that
day shift was more compliant with labeling than night shift.
Conclusion: Education on patient care policies related to IV
“Modified Juror Instructions Reduce Bias in Mock Jurors”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Courtney Knippen (Wapakoneta, OH); Brianne
Mosley (Bremen, OH)
Research Advisor: Kristie Payment (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Kody Bellamy, Kendra Voll
What role does defendant gender and the type of child
abuse committed by a parent play in regards to the
opinions of a juror in an American court room? This study
analyzed two child abuse crimes, sexual or physical abuse,
and their impact on a juror’s emotional valence, sentencing
recommendation, and likelihood to reoffend opinion.
15
Defendant gender, mother or father, was also analyzed to
determine its role in sentencing, emotional valence, and
defendant perceptions. The study had 53 participants (22
male, 31 female) and followed a 2x2 between subjects
design. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of
four conditions in which they read a police report
describing an abuse committed against a seven year old
male. Upon completion of the reading assignment,
participants rated their emotional valence using the PANASX, gave a sentencing recommendation, and stated how
likely they thought the defendant was to reoffend. A 2x2
between subjects ANOVA was performed to examine
significant changes in the study’s dependent variables.
Findings indicated that jurors who read narratives involving
sexual abuse showed a significant increase in generally
negative emotional valence. This result shows that bias in
the courtroom is evident, however it is minimized by
modified juror instructions.
costs, and pros and cons relative to the production of the
robot.
“On the Outside Looking In: An Investigation of Female
Legislators' Pathways to Political Office”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Shelby L. Core (Spencerville, OH)
Research Advisor: Robert Alexander (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU)
Research regarding the explanations for the gender gap in
American Politics is extensive, as there are many theories
behind the reasons for women’s underrepresentation in
political positions across the nation. Few studies, however,
contribute profoundly to unveiling these factors that affect
women’s decision to run for office. Consequently, this
research looks to contribute further to the discovery behind
female’s lack of representation by using interview based
data collection. Unlike previous research on the topic, this
study uses the interviews as the primary source of data,
instead of surveys. The logic behind this decision is to
show that qualitative data can be as useful as quantitative
data, especially when used to uncover new ideas and
trends. This study uses phone interviews to women state
legislators in the state of Ohio, and compares data collected
to previous research, to find similarities and differences
within the data. What is found is that by using open-ended
questions, new factors contributing to female
underrepresentation emerged, Therefore concluding that
qualitative data can be effective when unrevealing the truth
behind the political gap.
“Newborn Screening Brochures: Increasing Effectiveness
Using the Health Belief Model”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Ashlee A. Dean (Erie, PA)
Research Advisor: Shane Tilton (Communication & Media
Studies, ONU)
Newborn screenings are tests that screen for disorders that
may lead to serious mental and physical ailments in
children, which may lead to death. The importance of these
tests is not an issue, but the way they are communicated by
health care professionals to patients is an issue. There is a
communication gap between health care professionals and
patients regarding the discussion of newborn screenings
before birth. One way to bridge this gap is through effective
educational materials. This study examines what factors
people believe make newborn screening brochures
effective. Effective is defined as communicating the topic of
newborn screenings, being understandable and easy for the
general population to read, and providing adequate
information for understanding the purpose and process of
newborn screenings. A total of four brochures will be made
using an A-B A-B method. One set includes more practical
information and the other includes information about
disorders tested, while the A-B variations include different
layouts, colors, fonts, and pictures. These different
brochures will be viewed by participants during interviews.
Questions will be asked to gather information about what
they perceive as effective. The interviews will be analyzed
and conclusions will be gathered about what is viewed as
most effective in newborn screening brochures.
“Open Heart Crash Course”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Kileen J. Kaeck (Waynesfield, OH)
Research Advisor: Cynthia Woodfield (Nursing, ONU)
Purpose: A local hospital’s cardiac step down unit cares for
patients with a variety of cardiac diagnoses, including postoperative open heart surgery. There is much education and
assessment required in caring for these patients. Not all of
the nurses on the floor are “open heart trained” and gain
experience through caring for patients. It would be valuable
to the staff and the patients if the nurses were formally
educated about properly caring for and assessing patients
recovering from open heart surgery. Methods: A survey was
given to the nursing staff on the cardiac step down unit to
evaluate levels of comfort regarding the various aspects of
caring for post-operative open heart patients. After the
results were examined an educational session was provided
to the nursing staff. A post-test was then given to the
nursing staff to evaluate effectiveness of the education.
Results: Seven of fifteen nurses were found to not be
formally trained and those who were trained indicated
higher comfort levels in providing care. The post test
determined all fifteen participants learned new
information. Conclusion: The informal education session
provided new information to all participating nurses;
indicating a positive outcome to any type of education.
“Non-tactile Maze Robot”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Rakan Mohammed Bokhari (Ada, OH); Hani M.
Adwan (Ada, OH)
Research Advisor: Trevor Robinson (Technological Studies,
ONU)
Through extensive research, it has been determined that
there are several ways to build a non-tactile maze Robot.
Initially, the scope of the investigation encompassed a
board set of data essential to the distinction of a non-tactile
robot. Some of the communalities exhibited by non-tactile
robots include motion sensors, software programing, and
electronic circuiting. The objective of this project was to
collect substantial data necessary to allow for the
successful complete of the maze. The robots specifications
include navigation of the maze without collision with maze
walls or without any problems. Our research investigated
viable programs for the maze robot including Vex, Parallax,
and Arduino. An analysis of these programs is presented in
this report. Our findings produced a comparative analysis,
“Pain Management on an Orthopedic Unit”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Whitney Renee Kretz (Bellecenter, OH)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Katelynn M. Kenny
Motivation: Managing patients’ pain can be challenging in
hospitals, especially on units with orthopedic, post-surgical
patients. Ineffective pain management in post-operative
patients can cause additional health problems, such as
ineffective healing of joint replacements and pneumonia
due to decreased mobility. These additional health
16
problems can slow patients’ rates of recovery. The purpose
of this project is to determine how nurses on an orthopedic
unit are evaluating and treating patients’ pain and to
reinforce teaching to staff to improve patients’ pain
management. Methodology: Day and night shift nurses on
an orthopedic unit at a local hospital will be given
questionnaires to evaluate their current practices in
assessing and treating their patients’ pain. An educational
session will be prepared according to nurses’ responses
and be presented to the staff to teach and reinforce the
hospital’s protocol for managing patients’ pain. A follow up
questionnaire will be administered to determine if nurses
have improved their knowledge of managing patient pain
and treatment of patient pain. In addition, a retrospective
chart review will be done to evaluate nurse’s assessment
and treatment of patients’ pain. Results and Conclusion:
The project is currently in progress and will be completed
at the end of March 2015.
will include the importance of patient education, how to
obtain patient education leaflets, patient education
techniques, and proper use of the discharge folders. A post
survey will be conducted to evaluate the educational
session’s effectiveness. Results: The project is in progress.
The results will be available upon project completion at the
end of March 2015. Conclusion: The educational session
may increase the frequency of patient education and use of
the discharge folders. The project is currently in progress
and will be concluded at the end of March 2015.
“Patient Weight: The Importance of Accurate
Assessment”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Whitney Nichole Dowell (Bluffton, OH)
Research Advisor: Susan Montenery (Nursing, ONU)
Accurate body weight measurement is essential for
monitoring fluid balance, accurately prescribing
medications, and proper nutritional screening. Failing to
accurately measure body weight can negatively impact
patient care, lead to diagnostic and medication errors, and
improper interventions and treatments. The purpose of this
project was to assess nurses’ and nursing assistants’
knowledge and ability of proper patient weight assessment.
A preliminary survey was given to both nurses and nursing
assistants at a local sub-acute hospital regarding their
knowledge base with accurate patient weight importance
and assessment. A retrospective study researching previous
patient weights was conducted. An educational
presentation was held disseminating information related to
results, proper patient weight assessment, and correct
equipment use. A post-test was given assessing their
knowledge after the presentation. Twenty-four staff
members indicated they were comfortable with the
equipment and felt it was fairly accurate. Patients weren’t
weighed 13.9% of the time. Patients’ weights were plus or
minus 10lbs, 5.9% of the time. Twenty participants felt the
educational session was helpful. Results indicated the
effectiveness of education. It is essential nursing staff know
the importance of accurately weighing their patients, the
protocol at their work facility, and how to use their
equipment properly. Keywords: Patient, nursing, patient
weight, accurate weight, fluid assessment
“Pain, Pain, Go Away: An Evaluation of Nurse Compliance
with the Pain Reassessment Process”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Kristina Klusek (Canton, MI)
Research Advisor: Katie Schroeder (Nursing, ONU); Robin
White (Nursing, ONU)
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the pain
reassessment process of nurses on a neurology/medical
surgical unit after analgesic administrations. It has been
identified by managers and nurses on the unit that nurses
will perform pain interventions, but often fail to adequately
reassess patients for the effectiveness of interventions. A
preliminary survey was administered assessing nurses’
knowledge of pain management practices and policies,
barriers to adequately reassessing pain, strategies to reduce
barriers, and attitudes toward the importance of pain
reassessment. An hourly rounding sheet with a pain rating
section was implemented for one week. Nurses were
educated about the changes and reminded of policies and
evidence-based practices. A post-survey assessed nurses’
perceptions of implementation processes. Frequency,
timeliness, and content of pain reassessments were
assessed through chart audits. Most barriers were patientload-related or distraction-related and 81.8% nurses found
the new hourly rounding system helpful in reducing
barriers. Chart audits revealed no significant differences
between documentation before and during implementation
except for an increased frequency of analgesic
administration without documenting an initial assessment.
Most nurses favorably perceived the new hourly rounding
system. Results indicate that the system may lead to more
frequent pain management interventions, but not pain
documentation occurrences.
“Polaris 101: Creative Publication Strategies at Polaris
Literary Magazine”
Panel, 12:10 p.m. Wishing Well
Presenters: Lucas M. Campbell (Hilliard, OH); Myranda
Smith (Canton, OH); Rachel Cruea (Findlay, OH); Kasy Long
(Terre Haute, IN); Jessica Cogar (Madison, OH)
Research Advisor: Jennifer Moore (English, ONU)
This panel will discuss the basics of publishing Polaris,
ONU's print literary journal. Staff editors will offer an
overview of their individual responsibilities, techniques for
soliciting, reviewing, selecting, and editing student work,
successes and failures during the production process, the
challenges and benefits of publishing a print journal in the
digital age, and field questions from the audience. The
panel discussion will culminate in a reading of selected
works from Polaris' forthcoming Spring 2015 issue.
“Patient Education: A Key to Patient-centered Care”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Michelle Leann Noffsinger (Continental, OH)
Research Advisor: Cynthia Woodfield (Nursing, ONU)
Purpose: Patient education helps empower patients to
become actively involved in their own care; therefore, it is
an integral part of patient-centered care. The purpose of
this project is to enhance the nursing staff’s knowledge and
use of patient education leaflets and discharge folders.
Discharge folders keep educational materials organized and
allow the patient to refer back to the information at a later
time. Methods: A preliminary survey will be conducted that
will evaluate nursing staff’s perceived importance of
patient education and self-reported frequency in which
patient education and the discharge folders are completed.
The survey will also identify barriers to completing patient
education. An educational session will be conducted that
“Porphyrin-based OPVs with Buckybowl-Buckyball
Docking Sites”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Sarah Renea Zinn (New Franklin, OH); Katelyn
Brubaker (Lexington, KY)
Research Advisor: Trilisa Perrine (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
17
As energy demands continue to grow, alternative forms of
energy are quickly becoming a necessity. Current siliconbased photovoltaic devices are nearing their theoretical
limits, and the development of a more efficient organic
photovoltaic device could make solar cells a more
competitive and viable source of energy. Porphyrin systems
are well known for their light absorption in the visible
region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and their extended
π-conjugated systems allow for efficient pathways of
electron transport. In this study, we explore these
conjugated porphyrin systems functionalized with
buckybowls that act as docking sites for buckyballs. By
functionalizing the porphyrin in this way, electrons from
the porphyrin-buckybowl donor can be transported to the
buckyball acceptor. The transport properties of these
organic photovoltaic systems are explored using QChem 4.0
TD-DFT and DFT for monomers, different sized oligomers
of porphyrins with the buckybowl functional groups
corannulene, sumanene, and quadrannulene.
nursing interventions in patient fall prevention and to
educate nurses about the consequences of falls on an ICU
stepdown/telemetry unit. Data was collected and analyzed
about nursing interventions being utilized on the unit via a
checklist of evidence-based fall interventions. A pretest/post-test was given to the nursing staff to evaluate
their knowledge about patient falls. Education was provided
between tests with a factsheet about patient fall prevention
techniques. The evaluation of interventions used by the
unit nursing staff suggests an inconsistency in the use of
bed alarms for patients who require a one-person assist or
more. Post-test results illustrated a higher percentage of
correct answers suggesting that the nurses’ exposure to the
factsheet increased their knowledge. Educating nurses
about patient falls will help them to become knowledgeable
about appropriate patient fall interventions.
“Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Diabetes Mellitus”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Elizabeth Catherine Lendrum (Shreve, OH)
Research Advisor: Rebecca Brooks (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
“Powerful, Sexual, and Possessed Females: A Look into
Women in Leadership Roles”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well
Presenter: Myranda Elizabeth Smith (Canton, OH)
Research Advisor: Jonathan Pitts (English, ONU)
Diabetes knowledge and education have been shown to
affect diabetes prevention and health outcomes. Knowledge
and perceptions of diabetes have been heavily studied in
specific regional and cultural groups of patients with
diabetes and healthcare professionals, while minimal
research has focused on knowledge-awareness in the
general population. Previous studies have shown conflicting
evidence about the knowledge of diabetes risk factors
crucial to early disease detection and intervention. In
addition, few studies have focused on knowledge of the
distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. With the
high prevalence of diabetes in the United States, there is an
urgent need to understand the knowledge-awareness of
diabetes in the general public and how it influences
perception. The present study will investigate diabetes
knowledge and familiarity in relation to public attitudes
regarding blame, stigma, and information concealment of
diabetes. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate public
knowledge of the distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2
diabetes and common risk factors associated with diabetes.
To determine whether lower levels of knowledge-awareness
lead to more negative perceptions of diabetes, responses
from a sample of the university community will be assessed
using an electronic questionnaire consisting of previously
verified diabetes scales.
Women are currently at the forefront of leadership in
America. A few women are CEOs, starting major start-up
companies, and even running for national political office,
but are there a gender costs? While women trying to lead or
speak out in countries like Chad, Yemen, and the
Democratic Republic of Congo are frequently beaten, raped,
or publicly humiliated merely because they are a woman,
such acts are castigated in America. However, women in the
U.S. are still reluctant to lead. My research will explore the
various conditions women must overcome to lead in
America. I will evaluate women’s roles at Ohio Northern
University, especially in the Raabe College of Pharmacy, a
sufficient population in which women have the opportunity
to lead and be in positions of power. While examining this
relationship, I will also examine the larger reality of female
leadership. Regardless of the kind of leadership position a
woman desires to be in, or not, there must be the
opportunity for women to define their own success free of
gender constraints or conditions.
“Preparation and Catalytic Evaluation of New Pd
Complexes for Biaryl Coupling”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Andrew K. Bowser (Farmersville, OH)
Research Advisor: Bradley Wile (Chemistry & Biochemistry,
ONU)
“Rapid Response Team at Your Service”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Chelsea Michelle Settlemire (Findlay, OH)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
A series of new Pd complexes featuring
aminebis(phenolate) ligands is reported. These complexes
are evaluated for catalytic competency in the SuzukiMiyaura coupling of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids.
Rapid Response Teams (RRT) are used in health care
settings to help with the rapid assessment and
resuscitation of deteriorating patients in many acute care
settings. These teams can also be used as a second set of
eyes in the physical assessment of a patient. In a local
hospital, clinical staff are aware of RRT but do not
necessarily utilize the RRT as they are required according
to the facility’s standards of care. A questionnaire with
three patient scenarios was provided to the nurses of an
oncology unit. Responses were evaluated. The unit nurses
were provided a rapid response tool called Rapid Response
Can Be a Lifesaver that was placed at the nurse stations on
the oncology floor. After being provided the tool, the
nurses completed a post test for comparison. Overall, the
nurses answered the questionnaire the same and nurse
interviews were conducted to evaluate the reasoning.
Interviews suggested that each nurse depended on the
patient scenario and assessment findings. Standards of care
“Preventing Patient Falls: Effective Nursing Education and
Interventions”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Kristen Ann Yaeger (Copley, OH)
Research Advisors: Robin White (Nursing, ONU); Patrick
Croskery (Honors Program, ONU)
Patient falls in the hospital setting are a significant problem
worldwide. Patient falls can result in adverse outcomes
including severe injury and death. Many factors lead to
patient falls, challenging fall prevention. Nurses are at the
forefront of fall prevention in the hospital setting, and it is
essential that all nurses can correctly use fall interventions.
The purpose of this project was to assess the utilization of
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for activating the RRT have the need to be reinforced. The
role of the RRT is to be another aid to the clinical staff to
assist unstable patients from coding.
significantly decreased in ventricles (but not atria) of
RGS6+/+ hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury.
These data demonstrate that the expression of RGS6 can
protect the heart from ischemic injury. Modulating RGS6
may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment
of ischemic heart disease.
“Reactivation of a Fear Memory Induces Physiological
Responses that Correlate with Long-term Memory
Modulation”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Chelsea E. Cadle (Lima, OH); David M. Peters
(Canton, OH); Alison M. Dailey (Parma, OH); Callie M. Brown
(Grove City, OH); Amanda R. Scharf (Pittsburg, PA);
McKenna B. Earley (Stow, OH); Courtney L. Knippen
(Wapakoneta, OH); Hannah E. Nagle (Ashtabula, OH)
Research Advisor: Phillip R. Zoladz (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Boyd R. Rorabaugh (Pharmaceutical
& Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
“Risks and Benefits of Heart Catheterization Closure
Devices”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Nichole E. May (Van Buren, OH)
Research Advisor: Robin White (Nursing, ONU)
With the high amount of heart catheterizations occurring
and multiple closure devices being used at a local hospital,
it is imperative for nurses to be aware of the different
hemostasis closure methods to promote more thorough
and safe patient care. However, nurses may not be
knowledgeable over all the closure methods. The purpose
of this study is to investigate the nurses’ current knowledge
of cardiac catheterization closure devices used as well as
nursing interventions associated with a patient after a heart
catheterization. A pre-survey was conducted over the
closure methods to assess the nurses’ knowledge as a
baseline. Poster and “Cath Cards” were created which
includes the benefits and risks of the each closure methods
and the nursing interventions for a post catheterization
patient. A post-survey determined if the “Cath Cards” were
useful. The pre-survey showed that the least familiar
closure method was the Perclose (60%), compare to the
Finale (33%) and Quikclot (7%). The post survey showed
100% of nurse’s thought the “Cath Cards” were useful to
the unit. “Cath Cards” were found to increase the nurse’s
awareness of the four different closure methods along with
the nursing interventions for a post catheterization patient.
Despite having powerful memories for their trauma,
individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
display a paradoxical deficit for learning new information.
Investigators have speculated that this impairment results
from intrusive memories transiently interfering with the
ability of PTSD patients to process new information. The
purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of
reactivating a fear memory on learning new information.
On Day 1, participants sat in a dark room and viewed a
fear-inducing or control video in the presence of a nonrelated, but constant, background auditory stimulus (tone).
The next day, participants sat quietly in a dark room with
the same background auditory stimulus for 3 min to
reactivate their memory of the video from the previous day.
Immediately following reactivation, participants were
presented with 30 images varying in emotional valence.
Participants underwent free recall testing immediately after
learning, as well as twenty-four hours later. Results
revealed that participants’ physiological responses to
reactivation of the fear-inducing video were correlated with
long-term memory, associations that depended on sex of
the participant and emotional valence of the images. These
findings may provide insight into the mechanisms
underlying intrusive memory-induced modulation of
cognitive processing in people with PTSD.
“Robotic Workcell”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Benjamin R. Sanders (Toledo, OH); Abdalmageed
H. Almotari (Alkharj, Saudi Arabia); Denorris Turner
(Twinsburg, OH); Brittany Ribley (Lima, OH); Brice Schulte
(Ottawa, OH)
Research Advisor: Steve Fischer (Technological Studies,
ONU)
“Regulator of G Protein Signaling Protein 6 (RGS6)
Protects the Heart from Ischemic Injury”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Albert Bui (Los Angeles, CA)
Research Advisor: Boyd R. Rorabaugh (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Nathaniel W. Mabe, Sarah Seeley,
Jianqi Yang (U of Iowa); Richard R. Neubig (Michigan State
U); Rory A. Fisher (U of Iowa)
Our team of manufacturing technology majors was tasked
with designing, testing, constructing and troubleshooting a
robotic workcell consisting of at least one articulated-arm
robot. We are taking this workcell to the National Robotics
Competition to represent Ohio Northern University in early
April.
“Role of RGS-2 Proteins in Nicotine-induced Rewarding
and Affective Behaviors in Mice”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Haval Norman (Pendleton, OR)
Research Advisors: Manoranjan D'Souza (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU); Boyd R. Rorabaugh
(Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
Additional Researchers: Lisanne Sprague, Albert Bui, Sarah
Seeley
Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are
important modulators of cardiac function. We previously
reported that disruption of interactions between RGS
proteins and Gαi2 protects the heart from ischemic injury.
However, the ability of specific members of the RGS protein
family to influence cardiac sensitivity to ischemic injury
has not been previously explored. The goal of the present
study was to determine how genetic deletion of specific
RGS proteins influences myocardial sensitivity to ischemic
injury. Hearts from RGS1 knockout (RGS1-/-), RGS2-/-,
RGS2-/- RGS4-/- double knockout, RGS5 -/-, and RGS6-/mice, and their respective wildtype (+/+) littermates were
subjected to a specific duration of ischemia and
reperfusion using the Langendorff isolated heart model.
RGS6-/- hearts had significantly larger infarcts than
RGS6+/+hearts. Importantly, deletion of RGS1, RGS2, RGS4,
or RGS5 had no effect on infarct size indicating that this
effect was specific for RGS6. RGS6 expression was also
High rates of tobacco smoking are observed in individuals
suffering from anxiety or depression. Nicotine is a major
psychoactive component of tobacco smoke and previous
work has shown that nicotine can produce both anxiolytic
and antidepressant effects. Regulators of G protein
signaling-2 (RGS-2) proteins negatively regulate intracellular
signaling pathways and can limit the actions of nicotine.
RGS-2 proteins are further implicated in serotonin
neurotransmission, which is involved in both anxiety and
depression. The objective of the research was to determine
19
the role of the RGS-2 proteins in the rewarding, anxiolytic,
and antidepressant effects of nicotine. The hypothesis of
this project is that mice lacking RGS-2 proteins are more
sensitive compared to wildtype mice to the rewarding,
anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects of nicotine.
Depression-like behavior was assessed using the tail
suspension model, anxiety-like behavior was assessed
through elevated plus maze experiments, and the
rewarding effects of nicotine were assessed by measuring
changes in locomotor activity after nicotine
administrations. Preliminary data show no difference in
nicotine-induced effects between knockout and wild type
mice, but a greater sample size is required before statistical
analysis and meaningful conclusions can be made.
pressure) was attenuated in hearts from sleep deprived rats
compared to hearts from control rats. These data suggest
that sleep deprivation makes the myocardium more
sensitive to ischemic injury.
“Spectroscopic Investigation of a New Class of
Pyrazolopyrimidines Observing Excited-state
Intramolecular Proton Transfer”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Louis M. Streacker (Findlay, OH)
Research Advisor: Nicole Karn (Chemistry & Biochemistry,
ONU)
A class of newly synthesized pyrazolopyrimidine organic
dyes exhibit fluorescent behavior due in part to a
combination of excited state intramolecular proton transfer
(ESIPT) and electron transfer (ET). Stokes shifts of dyes
range anywhere from 4800 cm-1 to 11300 cm-1 and
lifetime measurements of ESIPT yield anywhere from 1.0 2.9 ns. Some varieties of these molecules exhibit
solvatochromism properties. Steady-state absorption,
steady-state emission spectra, and emission lifetime
measurements reinforce these conclusions. These
molecules could have applications in cutting-edge
technology which includes use in molecular electronics and
fluorescence imaging.
“Role of the Kappa Opioid Receptors in the Aversive
Effects of Nicotine”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Melissa Ward (Columbus, OH)
Research Advisor: Manoranjan D'Souza (Pharmaceutical &
Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity,
but currently approved smoking cessation medications are
not effective in a majority of smokers who want to quit.
Hence there is a need to identify new targets for smoking
cessation medications. Nicotine is a major component of
tobacco smoke and therefore used to study the addictive
properties of tobacco. The first use of tobacco often has an
unpleasant effect on the user. Stress promotes use of
tobacco possibly by reducing its aversive effects. Both
stress and nicotine cause release of dynorphin which is an
endogenous opioid that activates the kappa opioid
receptors. The goal of this study is to understand the role
of the kappa opioid receptors in the aversive effects of
nicotine. The overall hypothesis of this project is that
activation of the kappa opioid receptors will decrease the
aversive effects of nicotine. This hypothesis will be tested
using a nicotine-induced conditioned taste aversion model
in rats. Preliminary results show that activation of the
kappa opioid receptors block the aversive effects of
nicotine, thus supporting the hypothesis. This study will
help highlight the role of the kappa opioid receptor as a
possible target for future smoking cessation medications.
“Stimulation with the Color Red Increased Performance
on a Gabor Patch Visual Perception Task”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Anna Krivenko (Cleveland, OH); Alli Walbolt
(Ada, OH)
Research Advisor: Kristie Payment (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Lauryn Zielinkski
The combined effects of two known factors that influence
visual perception, color and emotional arousal, were tested
using the Gabor Patch perception task. A main effect of
color was found suggesting that perceptual accuracy can be
enhanced by the color red but not by emotional arousal
level.
“Sulfonates as Sole Sulfur Sources for Thalassiosira
pseudonana NCMA 1335”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Mitchell N. Bowling (Pioneer, OH)
Research Advisor: Christopher E. Spiese (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Elvira A. Tatarkov
“Sleep Deprivation Increases Ischemia-induced
Myocardial Injury in Female Rats”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Albert Bui (Los Angeles, CA); Eric Eisenmann
(Broadview Heights, OH); Anna Krivenko (Richmond
Heights, OH); Megan Fry (Edon, OH); Joseph Lawson
(Uniontown, PA); Kyle Pressley (Norwalk, OH); Lauren Stoner
(Mansfield, OH)
Research Advisor: Phillip R. Zoladz (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Boyd R. Rorabaugh (Pharmaceutical
& Biomedical Sciences, ONU)
With the growing recognition of the significance of
sulfonates in the environment, a closer look at their
metabolism is necessary. How these organosulfur
compounds interact with and effect marine algae is of
interest, especially the fate of dimethylsulfoniopropionatederived (DMSP) sulfur in such systems. The sulfur
compound at the end of DMSP oxidation has been seen to
be methanesulfonate (MS), though
trifluoromethanesulfonate (Tf) was also tested. It was
theorized that, in an absence of sulfur, thalassiosira
pseudonana could metabolize MS, which could close a
metabolic pathway of DMSP. Gas chromatography (FPD),
HPLC, UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, and a cell/particle
counter were used to analyze the experimental parameters.
The Tf cultures exhibited extremely limited growth,
possibly due to production of toxic compounds from Tf
metabolism. While the growth rate and cell size in the MS
cultures were normal, the cell density did decrease
compared to the control. The level of formaldehyde was
higher in MS cultures than the controls, but not likely to a
toxic level. Overall, it was seen that T. pseudonana could
Extensive work has shown that sleep deprivation can exert
significant effects on physiology and behavior. The effects
of sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular system have also
been studied but limited work has examined the influence
of sleep deprivation on myocardial susceptibility to
ischemic injury. We used the “flower pot” method to
suppress paradoxical sleep in female rats for 96 hours.
Hearts were subsequently isolated and subjected to
ischemia / reperfusion injury on a Langendorff isolated
heart system. We found that infarct sizes were significantly
larger in hearts from control rats compared to hearts from
control rats that were not sleep deprived. In addition,
recovery of several parameters of postischemic contractile
function (rate pressure product, +dP/dT, and end diastolic
20
both metabolize MS as a given substrate and alter it into a
usable form for cell growth.
Presenters: Ellen Elizabeth Freeh (Tipp City, OH); Caitlin J.
Dahlin (Olmsted Falls, OH); Kara L. Loux (Rockford, MI)
Research Advisor: Vicki Motz (Biological & Allied Heath
Sciences, ONU)
“Sumo Robot”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Ahmed Ali Al Marshad (Dammam, Saudi
Arabia); Sultan Aljohani (Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia); Hamzah
Maash (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)
Research Advisor: Paul Nutter (Technological Studies, ONU)
Stretching has been shown to increase muscle flexibility,
and is used prior to exercise to help reduce the risk of
injury. This study investigated the acute effects on
hamstring flexibility of static (holding the leg in an
extended position) and dynamic (swinging the leg)
stretching, performed alone or in combination (two 15
second stretch sets, every other day for five days). Thirty
male students, ages 18-24, were randomly divided into 3
groups (N=10) dynamic, static, or combined. Hamstring
flexibility was measured as cm fingers reached beyond toes
using a sit and reach test box, prior to and after performing
stretching regimens. ANOVA testing at 95% confidence
indicated no difference in hamstring flexibility between
groups and no difference within groups over the course of
the 5 days. Furthermore, paired t-testing comparing
flexibility of all groups before and after exercise, regardless
of day, indicated that the stretching regimens used in this
study had no effect on flexibility.
This project is meant to build a sumo robot that will
compete against other robots and try to force them out of
the ring without human interaction. The competition has
some requirements such as a maximum weight of 50 lb., a
maximum length of 2 ft., and a maximum height of 2 ft.
Students had to consider the competitions requirements.
Students also had to develop the design, planning, cost
analysis, and programing for the entire sumo robot.
Students had to build the robot with certain engineering
specifications as well as troubleshoot and overcome
problems in the robot with $500 budget within the fall and
spring semesters of 2014-15.
“Survey of Division III Athletes and Their Perception of
Athletic Training Students' Evaluation Skills”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Sae Tanaka (Chikuma-city, Nagano, Japan)
Research Advisor: Kurt Wilson (Human Performance &
Sport Sciences, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Alissa Guinn
“The Black Hole Mass in NGC 4258 from Gas Kinematics”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: David DeColibus (Strongsville, OH)
Research Advisor: Jason Pinkney (Physics & Astronomy,
ONU)
NGC 4258 (or M106) is an important galaxy for the
demographics of supermassive black holes (SMBH). Radio
(VLBA) observations of its nuclear disk of water masers has
allowed a very precise estimate of the mass of the central
SMBH (3.82±.01×107M⊙), and the distance to the galaxy
(7.2 Mpc). Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archival data allow
the measurement of the BH mass in two additional,
independent ways: stellar and gas kinematics, thus
providing a crucial test of these more widely-used methods.
Here we report on progress in a re-analysis of the archival
data allowing gas kinematics. These data consist of HST
long-slit spectroscopy from two programs, a total of 6 slit
positions. We have fitted the Hα + [NII] and [SII] lines in
order to determine radial velocities and velocity dispersions
as a function of distance from the BH. The gas only shows
organized rotation out to 0.4′′. The Hα emission shows a
broad-line (BL) component from the central AGN, and
regions outside of the BL region show greater line widths
than expected for a kinematically “cold” gas disk. We report
initial results of modeling the kinematics as resulting from
a thin, inclined disk of line-emitting gas orbiting under the
influence of gravity only.
Objective: The objective of the current study is to measure
the perceptions of Ohio Northern University (ONU) NCAA
Division III intercollegiate athletes on athletic training
students (ATSs) working within their athletic program in
hopes to find solutions to greater benefit ONU’s athletic
training education program (ATEP). Thus this study focuses
on personal injury evaluations, which ATSs often perform
in clinical settings. Research Design: This is an expressive
study using Google Forms’ online survey instrument to
gauge the NCAA Division III athlete’s perceptions of ATS.
IRB approval was obtained. Measurements: The survey
consisted of 26 questions with some being open response,
yes/no, and ranking order of importance.
“Synthesis and Characterization of Furan-based Ligands
for Use in Lactide Polymerization”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Ashley E. White (Harrisburg, PA); Ben Kasting
(Fort Wayne, IN)
Research Advisor: Amelia Anderson-Wile (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
Polylactide is an integral polyester in today’s society, from
packaging fabrics to medical implantation materials. A key
benefit to using this polymer is that it is highly
biodegradable. One way polylactide may be synthesized is
via a metal-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of lactide
(dimer). While many catalysts are currently employed in
reactions such as this, they are not all environmentally
friendly, especially efficient, or cost-effective. It is possible
that better catalysts might include complexes using ligands
derived from reductive amination reactions between 5methylfurfural and various anilines which were then
coordinated to group IV metal centers. This study is
ongoing to determine how effectively different group IV
metal-centered catalysts behave when performing these
ring-opening reactions on lactide to produce its polymer.
“The Effect of Extraction Conditions and the Ideal
Extraction Time for the Herb Thymus vulgaris L.”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Sean Michael O'Neill (Elkhart, IN)
Research Advisor: Christopher Bowers (Chemistry &
Biochemistry, ONU)
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is often
used to analyze the various compounds in solid samples
through the use of solvent extraction. The goal of our work
was to study the effect of extraction conditions and find
the ideal extraction time for the herb Thymus vulgaris L.
more commonly known as thyme. An appropriate time of
extraction would allow the extraction to come to
equilibrium. This can be monitored by following the GC-MS
peak intensity for thymol and other thyme constituents as
a function of extraction time. The GC-MS peaks for pcymene, thymol and caryophyllene oxide in ethanolic
extracts of thyme leaves were analyzed and plotted as a
“The Acute Effects of Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
21
function of time of extraction. This data reveals the kinetics
of the extraction under room temperature, unstirred
conditions. It was found that seven days was an
appropriate and convenient extraction time for thyme
leaves. Using these conditions various commercial thyme
spice samples were compared. The time to equilibrium in
the extraction of thyme leaves with stirring and ground
thyme without stirring has also been examined.
overweight body type. Participants were then given Positive
and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) to assess mood before
and after the image is presented. We hypothesize that a
positive description with a thin image of a body will lead to
improved mood and that a negative description with
overweight image will lead to worse mood. Results will have
implications for improving mood in those who have been
impacted by wording that resulted in negative body image.
“The Effect of Overall Life Satisfaction on Sleep Onset
Latency”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Hayley O'Hara (Painesville, OH)
Research Advisor: Megan Clegg-Kraynok (Psychology,
Sociology & Criminal Justice, ONU)
“The Lichen Flora of Ohio Northern University (Hardin
County, Ohio)”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Kilian TysonMayer (Clawson, MI); Tyler N.
Thomas (Orange, TX); Kyle Timbrook (Northwood, OH); Fred
Tucker (Perrysburg, OH)
Research Advisor: Stephen Kolomyjec (Biological & Allied
Heath Sciences, ONU)
Poor sleep quality during midlife has been linked with poor
subjective wellbeing. Insomnia symptoms also impact
subjective wellbeing during midlife. Though the link
between sleep quality and subjective wellbeing during
midlife is well documented, there is a dearth of research on
the link between life satisfaction and sleep onset latency
(SOL). Data was collected from 3,950 adults as part of the
Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS-II) study. A 6-item life
satisfaction survey was used to code participants as having
low, medium, and high levels of satisfaction, and a
subjective measure of minutes it takes to fall asleep was
used to measure sleep onset latency (SOL). The sample was
55% female and ranged in age from 17 to 74
(M=55.43;SD=12.45). A one-way analysis of variance showed
the impact of satisfaction on SOL was significant
[F(2,3947)=76.59,p<.001]. Bonferroni post hoc tests for
significance demonstrated that each group was significantly
different from one another: low satisfaction
(M=57.94;SD=5.86), medium satisfaction (M=39.52;SD=1.16),
and high satisfaction (M=24.78;SD=.60). These results
suggest that low life satisfaction may delay sleep onset
during midlife. Respondents with higher life satisfaction
reported shorter sleep onset latency. Sleep onset delay
among those with low life satisfaction could be the result of
worry and anxiety, as reported elsewhere. These findings
support the idea that life satisfaction is interlinked with
many measures of sleep and sleep quality, suggesting that
improving one of these variables might result in improving
the other. For example, by decreasing sleep onset latency
with the help of pharmacological agents or cognitive
behavioral therapy for insomnia we might ameliorate the
impact of depressive symptoms. Support: Data was
obtained from the MIDUS-II (2009) study funded by the
National Institute on Aging.
Adequate species conservation cannot occur with
inadequate knowledge. To improve the baseline knowledge
regarding the local lichen flora an intensive field survey
was performed to identify and document the lichen species
found on the Ohio Northern University campus in Ada,
Ohio. The rural nature of this part of the state has resulted
in a dearth of research on local taxa. A semester of field
work, examining virtually every lichenized surface on
campus (~283 acres), has yielded 54 fully identified species
in 31 genera. Of those 54 species, 38 species were new
county records and 7 species were new records for the
state of Ohio. Growth forms of the identified species can be
broken down into 28 macrolichen species and 26 crustose
species.
“The Sea and the Shantyman: Sailor Culture through
Music”
Paper, 1:40 p.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Kelsey Cheyenne Brown (Milford, OH)
Research Advisor: Raymond Schuck (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU)
In this paper I looked at the use of music on ships of
differing purposes such as merchant, pirate, and whaling
ships in order to identify the differences of culture between
the crews. I also researched the importance of the
shantyman on board the ship and how their songs aided
the crew with their tasks. I researched 1st and 2nd sources
on different types of sailors and also on sea shanties in
general. My results are that each group of sailors did have
differing songs depending on their occupation. I also found
that the shanty men were instrumental to their crew
members and properly sailing the ships.
“The Effect of Viewing Different Body Types and Positive
or Negative Description on Mood”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Jovan Kevin Farrow (Cleveland, OH); Traci Renee
Ishler (Sunbury, OH); Kayla Christine Reuss (Cincinnati, OH);
Taylor Lynn Wohlgamuth (Wapakoneta, OH)
Research Advisor: Megan Clegg-Kraynok (Psychology,
Sociology & Criminal Justice, ONU)
“The Technological Innovation Altering of Courtship
Practices and Patterns of the 1930s High School Student”
Paper, 1:40 p.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Joseph M. Sponseller (Payne, OH)
Research Advisors: Russ Crawford (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU); Raymond Schuck (History, Politics & Justice,
ONU)
How people perceive their own body and others’ bodies can
be altered by variables such as situations, interactions of
daily life, and comparisons to peers (Haimovitz, Lansky, &
O’Reilly, 1992). Emotional words that are positive or
negative have also been found to activate different brain
areas specifically when dealing with self-reference (Fossati
et al., 2003). The objective of this study is to examine
whether reading positively or negatively worded
descriptions of either a heavy or thin person depicted in an
image will have an impact on mood. Participants will be
asked to read along with a brief description of a positive or
negative scenario while viewing an image of a thin or
What is the purpose of dating? Dating is a social construct
that soon crept into normalcy within the United States. By
1920 the centerpiece of twentieth-century American
courtship was firmly in place–dating. Dating incorporated
the use of informal, unchaperoned, male-female interaction
with no specific obligation. “The rules of dating were
established by the peer group rather than the community at
large…the rise of dating in the first part of the twentiethcentury was the result of the creation of adolescence as a
distinct period of the life cycle and to the emergence of
mass culture.” Within the early 20th century, courtship
soon fell out of practice and the rise of dating soon took
22
the adolescents of America by storm. But what were the
factors that led to this dramatic change in American social
customs – customs which have been practiced for decades?
The late 19th century brought about a new wave of
technological inventions which liberalized the attitudes and
behaviors of American society. There are several prominent
technologies invented during this time but only a few play a
role in altering courtship practices. Several technological
factors have brought about the downfall of courtship
within America but only a few stand out above the rest
which allowed dating to flourish for the young high school
student: automobiles, telephones, and movie pictures.
Keywords: Dating, Courtship, Practices, Patterns, America,
1930, 1920, Automobile, Telephone, Movie Pictures
military market and in the consumer market. Currently,
only a few devices exist on the market today that measure
stress using physiological signals and are small enough to
wear throughout the day. The objective of this project is to
design and prototype a rechargeable device that records
physiological signals and then conducts a psychological
survey that determines the stress level of the user. The
information is sent via Bluetooth from the wearable device
to the smart phone, and this is displayed in a meaningful
way. Using this information, the user is able to attempt to
lower their stress levels and increase their overall health.
This paper attempts to provide a proof of concept that a
wearable device can be constructed to process a heart rate
signal, send this data to a smart phone, and use the data to
measure the stress level of the user.
“Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenone Catalyzed by
Novel Ruthenium Complexes”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Austin P. Lanquist (Bluffton, OH)
Research Advisor: Bradley Wile (Chemistry & Biochemistry,
ONU)
“When to Tie the Knot: The Use of Restraints in the
Hospital Setting”
Poster, 10:00 a.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Ellis J. Pohlmann (Maria Stein, OH)
Research Advisor: Kami Fox (Nursing, ONU)
Introduction: The use of restraints in the hospital setting is
an immobilizing action. Knowing when restraints are
contraindicated or necessary is significant in achieving the
best outcomes while protecting patient rights. Objective:
The primary objective is to identify weaknesses in inpatient
restraint policy and propose improvements to the facility’s
current restraint protocol. Methods: A quantitative research
design using a Likert Scale questionnaire assessed the
frequency of use and knowledge of different areas of the
restraint policy from twenty registered nurses in the
inpatient setting of a non-profit, 53-bed, rural Midwest
hospital. The data were translated to specific areas of the
policy that have a low frequency of nursing abidance. An
educational poster was created based on components of the
policy that were unclear and changes to the current policy
were proposed. Results: Survey results show that nurses
often agree with physician restraint orders, are neutral on
the use of PRN restraints, are neutral on the preference of
chemical versus physical restraints, and agree that they can
find the accreditation requirements for restraint use from
their facility’s accreditor. Conclusion: The facility policy
needs reviewed and updated with staff nurse education a
priority in the future. Keywords: restraint, hospital, safety,
nursing
Transfer hydrogenation is an organic transformation in
which a catalyst takes a proton from a donor like isopropyl
alcohol and adds it into the carbon-oxygen double bond of
a ketone, generation a chiral alcohol. Research done by
Noyori and Hashiguchi has already shown that ruthenium
complexes featuring a bidentate nitrogen ligand are
effective catalysts for this reaction. We have synthesized
four new ruthenium complexes using various thioether
iminopyridines as ligands to probe the effect a sulfur donor
atom on the catalyst. Using gas chromatography, we were
able to measure low yields of the desired alcohol using our
metal complexes as cataylsts. We have since worked on
creating a new class of ruthenium complexes by reducing
the imine to form new thioether aminopyridines.
“Using Max Weber's Social Stratification Theory of Class,
Status and Party to Explain the Soundtracks to Society”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Wishing Well
Presenter: James T. Call (Miamisburg, OH)
Research Advisor: Robert Carrothers (Psychology, Sociology
& Criminal Justice, ONU)
This research looks at the social theory of Max Weber and
attempts to explain how certain music, songs, and bands
stay popular over many years rather than fade away
quickly. The goal of this research is to look at Class, Status
and Party, and how this affects people's exposure to
different genres and types of music which inevitably leads
to music spanning many generations. I believe when I
examine this phenomenon that I will find music spans
generations because people of various classes and statuses
and party affiliations have common musical experiences.
This has been done by examining resources from different
artists, bands, and singers who have come from different
backgrounds and shared where their musical influences
have come from, and why they carried it forward with
them. The outcome should be that music spans generations
because people are exposed to different music and they
bring it to the next generation for them to experience and
enjoy.
“Why Do It Today? The Relationship between Executive
Functioning and Procrastination”
Poster, 11:30 a.m. Activities Room
Presenters: Cara Naylor (Warwick, RI); Jovan Kevin Farrow
(Cleveland, OH); Coral Shuster (Northfield, OH); Taylor Lynn
Wohlgamuth (Wapakoneta, OH); Kendra Voll (Lakewood,
OH)
Research Advisor: Ann Johnson (Psychology, Sociology &
Criminal Justice, ONU)
Although procrastination is a widespread phenomenon (e.g.
30-95% of college students have reported to engaging in
procrastination behaviors (Rabin, Fogel, & Nutter-Upham,
2011; Steel, 2007)), at its worst, it can also be a marker of
disorders such as Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactive Disorder
(ADHD). Recent research suggests a possible association
between executive functioning (goal-directed functions)
deficits and procrastination (Rabin et al., 2001); this
association is also found among those with ADHD. In this
study, 48 undergraduate students ar a small Midwestern
university completed computerized symmetry span (Kane
et al., 2003) and stop signal tasks (Verbruggen, Logan, &
Stevens, 2008) as well as the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale
(Kessler et al., 2005) and the Procrastination Scale- Student
Version (Lay 1986) in order to examine the relationship
“Wearable Technology Expanding Markets”
Poster, 1:00 p.m. Activities Room
Presenter: Nicholas A. Holtom (Westerville, OH)
Research Advisor: Ziad Youssfi (Electrical & Computer
Engineering & Computer Science, ONU)
Additional Researcher: Ryan Valentine
The developments of smart clothes that transmit
physiological signals are becoming more popular in the
23
between executive functioning and procrastination. Results
showed that performance on inhibition (β= -.094, p= .534)
and working memory (β=-0.25, p=.868) tasks did not predict
academic procrastination. The current study suggests that
there may not be a link between inhibition, working
memory, and procrastination. These findings could help to
aid in our treatment and understanding of ADHD in the
future.
Inspiration. The analysis found Reagan and Kasich were
similarly out of range for Optimism and Certainty, but
received values on opposite ends of the normal range for
Inspiration. This study uses direct quotes from the
speeches to explain why the candidates received the values
given by Diction. Once the values are examined, the study
discusses the similarities of the two candidates may lead to
success in 2016 for Governor Kasich.
“Will the Real Reagan Please Stand Up? A Content
Analysis of Political Framing Used by President Ronald
Reagan and Governor John Kasich”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Anna Hoard (Kalamazoo, MI)
Research Advisor: Robert Alexander (History, Politics &
Justice, ONU)
“Women's Labor Equality: Solutions to the Wage
Disparity”
Paper, 10:00 a.m. Deans' Heritage Room
Presenter: Jeremy Daniel Martinez (Palmview, TX)
Research Advisor: JoAnn Scott (History, Politics & Justice,
ONU)
The necessity of pay equality between genders, along with
other categories, has always been present as a part of the
United States’ history in one form or another. While we
have tried to resolve these issues through legislation, there
are still pay disparities present in the public and private
sectors. What, if anything, can be done to remedy this
issue? However tedious it may seem to enact legislation on
a topic that should be a nonissue, it is a necessity. The
purpose of this research is to address differing opinions on
the topic, address theories on why the wage disparity
exists, and perhaps find out if a solution to this issue
exists. I will be covering the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title VII of the 1964 Civil
Rights Act, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009,
exceptions to the employment discrimination acts, theories
on the disparity gap, and cover court cases that deal with
this issue to attempt to reach a solution to the issue at
hand. I conclude by stating a variation of possible
solutions, however, the United States still needs produce
more progress on the issue through legislation.
This study attempts to determine if the framing of issues
used by Ronald Reagan would be also be successful for
other Republicans seeking the presidency. This study is
valuable going into the 2016 presidential elections as it
may help citizens predict the success of a particular
candidate. Reagan’s frames were used as the standard and
the study compares the frames used by Governor John
Kasich to determine whether Kasich uses the same frames
as Reagan and if so, how they may make him successful
should he chose to run for the presidential office. The
study uses the computer program Diction to perform a
content analysis of policy-based speeches. Once the
analysis was completed, the program computes numerical
ranges for 35 variables and gives each candidate a
numerical value within that range, determine whether they
are Out of Range High or Out of Range Low for each
variable. Three variables were chosen for further
examination based on where candidates fell within the
ranges. The variables chosen were Optimism, Certainty and
24
Index of Colloquium Participants
A
Abualhassan, Ahmad
Adwan, Hani M.
Al Marshad, Ahmed Ali
Alexander, Robert
Aljahdali, Hamzah
Aljohani, Sultan
Allen, Hannah J.
Almotari, Abdalmageed H.
Anderson-Wile, Amelia
Eisenmann, Eric
Ernst, Ashley
Errett, Christine
Evans, Holly J.
5, 9
5, 16
5, 21
6, 16, 24
5, 9
5, 21
6, 8
5, 19
21
F
Fallot, Jenalyn M.
Farrow, Jovan Kevin
Fischer, Steve
Fisher, Rory A.
Foley, Braden
Fox, Alice
Fox, Kami
Freeh, Ellen Elizabeth
Fry, Megan
Fuller, William
B
Bagais, Khadijah M.
Bellamy, Kody
Berry, Nicole L.
Blake, Steven D.
Bokhari, Rakan Mohammed
Borger, Robert
Bowers, Christopher
Bowling, Mitchell N.
Bowser, Andrew K.
Bracy, Austin
Bracy, Nate
Brooks, Rebecca
Brown, Callie M.
Brown, Kelsey Cheyenne
Brubaker, Katelyn
Bui, Albert
5, 13
15
3, 10
4, 13
5, 16
11
15, 21
4, 20
4, 18
3, 11
6, 11
9, 18
4, 19
6, 22
4, 17
4, 9, 13, 19, 20
Goddard, Grant
Golden, Matthew R.
Gray, Andrew C.
Gray, Jeffrey A.
Graziano, Brendan J.
Grim, Haley M.
Guinn, Alissa
Harris, Jessica L.
Herman, Michael
High, Stacia R.
Hinkel, Ashley N.
Hoard, Anna
Hoffert, Jessica L.
Hoffman, Joy L.
Hoffman, Kelsey
Holtom, Nicholas A.
3,
4,
3,
9, 19,
Ishler, Traci Renee
4, 22
J
Jacobs, Mara Elizabeth
Johns, Brittany M.
Johnson, Ann
Jolliff, Tabitha
3, 15
6, 9
23
4, 12
K
Kaeck, Kileen J.
Karn, Nicole
Kasting, Ben
Kennedy, Chelsea Ann
Kenny, Katelynn M.
Kinder, David
Klusek, Kristina
Knapinski, Dan
Knippen, Courtney L.
Koh, David W.
Kolomyjec, Stephen
Krall, Danny
Kretz, Whitney Renee
Krivenko, Anna
Kuhn, Jessica L.
Kutch, Matthew
21
19
16
21
11
11
10
17
1
20
7
E
Earley, McKenna B.
3, 4, 7, 12
4, 15
3, 14
3, 8
6, 24
3, 10
4, 13
4, 12
5, 23
I
D
3,
4,
5,
5,
11
5, 8
6, 7
15
4, 15
3, 8
21
H
4, 6, 14, 19
6, 23
3, 11
8
6, 17
6, 14
8
6, 7, 23
5, 12
5, 11
11
12, 22
6, 17
6, 16
6, 11, 22
18
6, 17
3, 9
Dahlin, Caitlin J.
Dailey, Alison M.
Dean, Ashlee A.
DeColibus, David
Dennis, Skylor
Dias Da Silva, Eduardo
Dinsmore, Olivia
Dowell, Whitney Nichole
Drzycimski-Finn, Mary
D'Souza, Manoranjan
Durkin, Keith F.
3, 7
4, 22, 23
19
19
11
5, 6, 12
8, 23
3, 21
4, 13, 20
7
G
C
Cadle, Chelsea E.
Call, James T.
Calton, Tyler
Cameron, Sydney A.
Campbell, Lucas M.
Cappabianca, Giavonna
Caragiu, Mellita
Carrothers, Robert
Castle, Allison Nicole
Centers, Chamaine Nicole
Chamberlin, Shaile
Clegg-Kraynok, Megan
Cogar, Jessica
Core, Shelby L.
Crawford, Russ
Croskery, Patrick
Cruea, Rachel
Cuddy, Nicole
4, 13, 20
5, 7
3, 8
6, 7
4, 19
25
3, 16
20
4, 21
3, 10
3, 7, 16
15
3, 17
11
4, 15, 19
13
15, 22
10
3, 7, 16
4, 13, 20
5, 12
11
L
Lanquist, Austin P.
Lawson, Joseph
Lee, James William
Lendrum, Elizabeth Catherine
Liebrecht, Christina
Lifer, Rebecca
Livengood, Hannah
Long, Kasy
Loughlin, Michael
Loux, Kara L.
Ruiz Santos, Nicolas
4,
4, 13,
5,
5,
23
20
12
18
8
1
3, 9
6, 17
7
3, 21
S
Saine, Rebecca
Sanders, Benjamin R.
Sanford, Jamie
Scharf, Amanda R.
Schroeder, Katie
Schuck, Raymond
Schulte, Brice
Scott, JoAnn
Seeley, Sarah
Settlemire, Chelsea Michelle
Shuster, Coral
Smith, Chad
Smith, Myranda Elizabeth
Spiese, Christopher E.
Sponseller, Joseph M.
Sprague, Lisanne
Stancik, Mary (Molly) P.
Steigerwald, Dan
Stockert, Amy
Stockhaus, Matt
Stoner, Lauren
Streacker, Louis M.
Suarez, Victoria
Sunafrank, Holly N.
M
Maash, Hamzah
Mabe, Nathaniel W.
Mahfouz, Tarek
Maier, Zach
Martinez, Jeremy Daniel
Mathewson, Carly
May, Nichole E.
Miller, Chelsea Aukele-Marie
Montenery, Susan
Moore, Jennifer
Mosley, Brianne
Motz, Vicki
Munshower, Andrew Robert
5, 21
19
10
11
6, 24
4, 15
3, 19
3, 14
14, 15, 17
6, 17
4, 15
10, 11, 15, 21
5, 12
N
Nagle, Hannah E.
Naylor, Cara
Neely, Erica
Neubig, Richard R.
Neuenschwander, Trevor Kyle
Newstead, Sabrina E.
Noffsinger, Michelle Leann
Norman, Haval
North, Christine
Nsia-Pepra, Kofi
Nutter, Paul
4, 19
4, 23
1, 12
19
5, 11
3, 10
3, 17
4, 9, 19
13
9
14, 21
Tabor, Jordan S.
Tanaka, Sae
Tatarkov, Elvira A.
Thayer, Abigail G.
Theisen, William
Theriault, Rochelle
Thomas, Carolyn A.
Thomas, Tyler N.
Thomas, Donald Leroy III
Tilton, Shane
Timbrook, Kyle
Torbet, Paige
Tuck, Aaron
Tucker, Fred
Turner, Denorris
TysonMayer, Kilian
4, 22
4, 21
3, 12
Valentine, Ryan
Vance, Sydney
Voll, Kendra
15, 20
17
4, 19
21
18
3, 23
4, 13
4, 12, 13, 20
11
23
4, 12
4, 15, 23
W
Walbolt, Alli
4, 20
Ward, Melissa
4, 20
Warren, Curtis
3, 11
Waters, Robert
8
Weitzel, Elizabeth
3, 7
Welch, Bryant Timothy
5, 12
Wells, Emily
4, 10
Wentz, Matt
3, 15
White, Ashley E.
4, 21
White, Robin
7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
Wile, Bradley
18, 23
Wilson, Harry
8
Wilson, Kurt
21
Wohlgamuth, Taylor Lynn
4, 22, 23
Woodfield, Cynthia
9, 13, 16, 17
R
Rabold, Taylor
Railey, Joseph J.
Ramsey, Myahrissa
Reuss, Kayla Christine
Ribley, Brittany
Robinson, Trevor
Rohan, Sarah
Rorabaugh, Boyd R.
Rouch, David
5, 11
5, 21
20
4, 11
1
11
3, 10
3, 22
5, 11
13, 16
3, 22
1
11
3, 22
5, 19
3, 22
V
P
Payment, Kristie
Perrine, Trilisa
Peters, David M.
Pinkney, Jason
Pitts, Jonathan
Pohlmann, Ellis J.
Powell, Daniel P.
Pressley, Kyle
Prewitt, Ben
11
5, 19
7
4, 19
7, 10, 17
6, 14, 22
5, 19
12, 24
9, 19
3, 18
4, 23
3, 11
6, 17, 18
11, 20
6, 22
4, 9, 19
3, 13
11
10
11
4, 13, 20
4, 20
5, 13
5, 12
T
O
O'Hara, Hayley
O'Neill, Sean Michael
Otte, Jodi K.
5, 14
4, 12
6, 7
4, 12
4, 22
5, 19
16
4, 12
9, 13, 19, 20
9, 11
26
Y
Yaeger, Kristen Ann
Yang, Jianqi
Youssfi, Ziad
Z
3, 18
19
23
Zielinkski, Lauryn
Zinn, Sarah Renea
Zoladz, Phillip R.
27
20
4, 17
1, 13, 14, 19, 20