PERSON, PLACE & PRIVACY:
Dwellings for Denser Neighborhoods
3J
by
DEBORAH LEE HEIDEL
Bachelor of Environmental Design in Architecture
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.
December 1977
Submitted to
the Department of Architecture
in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of
Architecture at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
June 1984
@
DEBORAH LEE HEIDEL
1984
The author hereby grants M.I.T. permission to reproduce and
to distribute publicly copies of this thesis document in
whole
or in
part---
Signature of author
DefaIkLet
idevDepartment of Architecture
Certified by_____
_
_
May 11,
__
_
1984
_
_
Shun Kanda, Thesis Sipervisor
Accepted by
Rosemary Gr/mshaw, Chaitp rson Departmental
Committee for Graduate Students
MASSACHUE TS INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
JUN 11984
LIRRARIES
tatch
2
PERSON,
PLACE & PRIVACY:
Dwellings for Denser Neighborhoods
by
Deborah Lee Heidel
min
M
Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 8, 1984
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Master of Architecture
AB0S T RAC
This thesis began with the attitude
that
American
suburban
neighborhoods
have some positive qualities.
However,
the character of these neighborhoods is
changing; it is no longer economically
feasable for each family to own its own
home, and increasing awareness -of land
conservation is causing neighborhoods to
consolidate. As these neighborhoods become denser it
is
important that they
retain their original character.
Thesis Supervisor:
Lecturer
Title:
This thesis is
a design exploration
for a denser housing prototype on a
vacant block
in
Inman
Park,
one of
Atlanta's original suburbs, which was
built
at the turn-of-the-century.
The
attempt was to retain the character of
the neighborhood at the street, while
adding density to the interior parts of
the site.
A cluster prototype was
developed using the scale and character
of
the
existing
buildings.
Public
access through the site, relationships
between the outdoor spaces and their
public
or
private
nature,
and
relationships between open spaces all
became important aspects in the design
process.
Shun Kanda
W
iwI
SN-
Mi
K~
W
S
"\I-
ACKNOWLE)GE MENT S
I would like to
people for their
thesis:
thank the following
help to me on this
Rosemary Grimshaw and Chester Sprague
for early advice in thesis prep
Shun Kanda
for clear guidance
Kyu Sung Woo and Nabeel Hamdi
for enthusiastic and helpful
criticism
Caroline Labiner and Victor de Natale
for thesis comradery,
with a special thanks to Victor
for an excellent editing job
In Atlanta:
John Heath at city planning
for making information available to
me
The "Bon Adventure gang"
for hospitality and accommodations
Glen Thrasher
for use of his camera and chauffeur
services
and last, but not least,
Mom and Dad
for their constant support
5n
LIKE AN ATTIC FULL OF TREASURES AND TRASH, THIS
THESIS CONTAINS A SCATTERING OF ARTICLES FROM
M PAST.
6ol
(A)N T
NT S
ABSTRACT.............
..............
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....
1.
3
5
INTRODUCTION.........
THE SITE.............
THE NEIGHBORHOOD......
COMMUNITY CLUSTERS...
218)
LAYERING.............
ROOMS...............
35)
VOCABULARY...........
BUILDINGS.............
CLUSTERS...............
50 )
CLUSTER RELATIONSHIPS
SITE PLAN............
CONCLUSION/CONTINUATION.................
971
L7J
INT RODICTION
IMAGE
.............................................
"Suburban
is
imagery
familiar
all,
to
us
as American
as
pie,
as
apple
English as a pint of
bitter."
/ S
-
Robert Stern,
The Anglo American
Suburb
Suburbs have
since the
build
in
burbs,
been
a part of our culture
merchant class became able
the
country.
based
upon
country estates,
country houses,
romantic
gardens.
American
suburbs are
image
English
of
images
The
houses
and
garden
Lutyen's
of
types.
was
su-
wealthy
derived from
influence on the design.
w
of
landscapes,
country house
house
early
bring to mind
tailored
same
These
to
a
and
many
these
This
major
COMMUNITY
"When the stranger says 'What is the
meaning of this city?
Do you huddle together because you love each other' What
will you answer "We all
dwell together
to make money from each other,' or 'This
is a community, ' - T.S. Eliot "The Rock"
Suburbs
that
do
they
munity.
differ
also have
This sense
of place,
from
the
the
estate,
in
image of a com-
of community, sense
was also a major
influence on
TREE LINED STREET OF RUSHBY MEAD from
THE ANGLO AMERICAN SUBURB
my design.
CIRCUIT AVENUE, OAK BLUFF, from
THE ANGLO AMERICAN SUBURB
eI
DENSITY
The
history
suburb
has
studied
and
has
little
and
been
development
well
elaboration
to do with
of
the
documented
and
on
this subject
the
following
de-
sign.
The more recent suburbs have been
designed for much denser housing.
As
less land becomes available for development, conservation becomes a more important issue.
Architects are presently
facing
the
density
in
designing
the
problem
of
how
existing suburbs
completely
following design,
new
to
increase
rather than
suburbs.
understanding
In
the
existing fabric is all important. Finding a way to increase the density without destroying
the
character of
the
place became a third major influence
the design.
rzn~1
on
SITEI
THEI
CHARACTER
Most
site.
that
design
projects
begin
with
a
This project is no different in
sense; the site was the beginning
point.
The
site
was
chosen
for two
reasons. The first was a personal one.
Having lived in the neighborhood of the
site for over two years, I developed an
attitude toward the site and toward what
types
of buildings
should
be
built
there.
Inman Park has a well organized
community group, of which I felt a part
of.
This group is quite outspoken regarding the preservation of neighborhood
character,
and I am in full agreement
with them.
They oppose any high rise
construction in the area and prefer that
most buildings be in keeping with the
scale of the existing residences.
They
prefer residential construction over any
other;
they
also
prefer
that
a
N
Y
major
portion of the land be left unpaved to
preserve the green, country character of
the area.
A4
CONTROVERSY
The
second
site
has to
versy.
The
of land
Great
Park".
was
In
of
choosing
the
dubbed
"The
60's
this
early
by
the
Georgia
Transportation
order
to
build
route
for
1-485.
a
this
a recent contropart of a larger
that has been
purchased
partment
for
do with
site is
piece
land
reason
(DOT)
proposed
At
the
Dein
connector
time
of
the
inexpensive;
the
the
meantime,
the neighborhoods experienced a renaissance.
Families moved
back in and renovated old houses. Other
people subdivided larger houses into
smaller apartments. New, denser housing
was built on vacant land.
All of this
is still going on.
The value of the
property
in
skyrocketed.
these
neighborhoods
has
neighborhoods were in a state of decline
The Great Park is currently the largest area of vacant land within a major metropolitan area in the
because
United
purchase,
the land was
the
middle
class
residents
had
States.
The
moved out to new suburbs and most of the
develop
residence
D.O.T. and Atlanta.
were
staying
long
chase.
However
transient
enough
types,
to oppose
some
residents
not
the puropposed
the connector route and after many years
of political volleying, between the city
of
Atlanta and D.O.T.,
made
that
necessary
the
and
the decision was
connector
would
not
route
be
was
not
built.
In
the
land
is
issue
of how to
problematic for
THE GREAT PARK AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DOWNTOWN ATLANTA
The second
competition
RESEARCH
winning
my
studies
research
compiled
I found
two
of
Great
the
official
Park.
One, funded by the city was completed by
Architect Randall Roark.
The Great Park
tional
Park,
midrise
in
with
the
tages).
Although
cuts
new
hoods.
Roark
different
studied
in
neighbordetail
the
character and density of these neighborhoods.
In
his
proposal
he
recommended
using the building prototypes that exist
insensitive
subdividing
lings.
tive
demands
into
more
dwel-
Although this proposal is sensi-
to the
increase
these
existing
fabric
the density enough
for
in-town
it
to meet the
housing.
offers no new communal areas.
does not
It
also
D.O.T.
The
Portman
and
middle
rise
in
the
quaint
"internaof
the
towers
and
four
arms
Victorian
cot-
proposal
meets
this
demands,
it
to
existing
the
is
completely
fabric.
This proposal has a communal area but it
is
too
large and
expansive to offer any
real sense of community.
in the neighborhoods, but proposed ways
of
density
result of a
large
the
apartments
(amongst
four
a
high
is a cruciform shaped piece of land that
through
by
by
proposed
center"
Great
the
sponsored
entry,
Associates,
In
study was
A
sensible
proposal
for
Park would follow guidelines
those proposed
by Roark,
denser typology.
study
such
a
but
the
Great
similar
to
develop
a
It was my intention to
typology
in
detail.
order to do this I have designed
In
only a
small piece of land in the southeast arm
of
the
chosen
Great
Park.
because
transit
tectural
station,
of
This
its
proximity
and because
character
piece
makes
it
to
its
the
was
the
archimost
significant of the four neighborhoods.
site
location
EXISTING CHARACTERISTICS
LOT SIZE
DENSITY
UNIT SIZE
<
'F1. D.U./A. -Q4T.
PROPOSED CHARACTERISTICS
STYLE VARIATIONS
TRIPLEX- owne
tgCO
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e~cILTT.
0UA~ftAPLEX
SIXPLEX- own or rent
po
To
fQIT. MI.A.
100
-5
PT.
STYLE VARIATIONS
THE RANDAL ROARK STUDY
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NE1IGHBORH10
rTH
HISTORY
Inman Park is one of Atlanta's oldest
neighborhoods.
as
a
It
commutor
was
suburb,
built
having
orginally
electric
cable cars connecting it to town.
the
old
carriage
house
cable car station is
of
the
Today
many of
the
the
still standing and
recently
Also still
large houses,
Candler
and
Hurt
restored.
standing are
two of which,
houses
Most
of
have
been
the
large
houses are from the turn-of-the-century,
however many of the houses were built in
the
20's and
moved
out.
30's after the wealthy had
These
houses
were
built
by
middle class citizens and were much more
modest.
as
They could be best categorized
bungalows
these
houses
character of
or
cottages.
were
the
recently some unsightly apartments have blemished the neighborhood,
Inman Park's character is still mostly
intact.
original
is only a block away from the new MARTA
train station.
Although
not
tree
as
Even
though
grand,
lined streets
manicured lawns remained the same.
the
and
TURN-OF-WHE-CENTURY HOUSE ON EDGEWOOD AVENUE
KEY
PO INT65
cor'lrq re io-d
center
'50HOOL-
M~ARTA
®,N convienent
GH-URCH
O
-DCAPIRAGE5-
CANDL-eRz
MAWI6I ~fA
MAN 61014PARZK
ZI1HV,6.r-
NEGI BOI0 RO001)
3AP1
THE OLD CARRAGE HOUSE FOR ThE ORIGlNAL CABLE
CAR STATION
THE NEW MARTA (METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPiD
TRANSIT AUTHORITY) STATION
20t
4
5:....
.---...
SPRINGVALE PARK FROM EUCLID AVENUE
-
BUNGALOWS, BUILT IN THE 1930'S,
EDGEWOOD AVENUE
COMMUNITY/DENSITY
The
streets
only
important
they
also
as a
community.
walks
block.
tie
are
of
Inman
for
Park
their
are
not
imagery,
but
the neighborhood
The
the
streets
communal
together
and
area
side-
for
the
It is the place were people meet
their
neighbors.
As
grows
denser and
more
the
FWD-
neighborhood
'~~~
l
Ow
housing
is
added
to the interior of the block, the street
functions
as
a
communal
those dwellings
age to it.
area
only
This growth pattern isolates
feel
something
which
they
In order for
that
greater
live,
area is needed.
*
that have direct front-
communal areas.
to
71
for
the new housing, giving the residents no
dents
L.
they
than
some
are
the
the resia
part
building
outdoor
of
in
communal
HOUSE ON ELIZABETH AVENUE WITH GARAGE CONVERTED
INTO NE DWELLING
44
N>
T'
a
--
I
7
Y
{\1
JAIN
ZIP%
1
9
'~
-
tser
A
17 J~~
it
\
COMMUNITY
CLUSTERS
FORM
.......................................................................
The decision to use a cluster type housing
in
the
following
scheme
was
an
attempt to give the dwellings a new communal
area.
The dwellings
fronting the
street can still relate to the street in
"Cluster implies community,
individuals
living in a common location.
Community
requires a certain density, order and
beauty, and should
be a
source of
pride."
-
Untermann
the
same
do,
but
way
the
something
that
the
dwellings
else.
existing
to
Since
the
houses
rear
this
need
area
is
behind other dwellings, it has taken the
form
of
a
shared
garden.
The
type
of
cluster developed here can be thought of
in
two
ways:
as
a
group
of
houses
pulled together to form an enclosure, or
as a
'U' shaped courtyard building that
has
been
pulled
accessability.
thought,
the
important
dwellings.
as
apart
In
form
of
for
either
the
the form of
more
line
whole
is
of
as
the individual
YARDS
To emphasis the suburban image of the
cluster, it was important that more of
...................
the
area
land
has
area
many
be unpaved.
forms,
The
shared
unpaved
gardens,
landscaped lawns and private yards.
The
formation
of
the
adds definition to the
In
the
than
either
existing
one
vacated
junkyard,
or
and
it
backyard
houses
dwelling,
is
cluster
that
the
used
also
spaces.
have
more
backyard
only
divided
up
is
as
a
with
fences defining ownership.
25J
"People like to fence their gardens to
maintain privacy, to define their territory and to protect and restrict their
children." - Untermann
In this design it was
the
residents
the
their yards which
defined
by
race edges.
important to give
option
are
of
-
Untermann
fencing
already partially
low retaining walls
"Private
suburban
gardens
are
large
enough to allow some sunshine regardless
of the yard orientation.
On the other
hand since the garden of a medium density housing development is smaller and
shadowed by two to four story buildings
nearby, it must be perfectly oriented.
and
ter-
-No yards
in
this
design
are
positioned
on the north side of the building.
Min-
imal
dimensions
between
the
buildings
were
determined
so
all
dwellings
that
could have direct sunlight.
sion was
worked
out
in
This dimen-
section,
taking
into account the slope of the land.
The
clusters and buildings were designed to
step
up
Without
with
the
this
terracing
would
be
large
retaining
isolated
land
slope
the
from
one
walls,
and
would be in shadows.
of
10%.
clusters
another
the
by
yards
*1
Ls
ANN
LAYERING
A typical
Inman
Park
system
for
section
reveals
the
through
a
types
a block
definite
of
in
ordering
spaces
within
the houses and their yards.
This system
was respected with regard to the front
layers of the cluster designs.
greatly
influenced the
specifically.
It also
dwelling designs
LII V
N
.
\
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S
4
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trees
~w
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--
.. . . .. .
If
I,
.
1
. .... ...
i
rvtt,
deckV
1
OCUTpOR POOM
back porch, Sunrorn
PORCH
5 D W~AL-K
lNSTRP
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STREET
5rP WAL-K
(c'to!51)
Shrub's, ftour
a~rk
LEVEL CHANQE
cars
FRONT YARD
LEVE.L CHANC1E 0(r68t
FRoNT
ocn~ room, pcar or
ormlT~ dirung 1
,MAV._BO1t
bah Sidre, 1 launcrjJ
infornck!imn
1NFORMAL ROOMS6
Kikhcn,
oriI6 room
&
pka area.,
YARD
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C1K
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34
ROOM S
ROOMS
PORCHES
The layering of spaces implied definite
room types
that existed
houses of Inman Park.
to
offer
these
of
the
rooms.
I
should
call
rooms
in
front
porch
is
important
it
be spatial
of
types
The
most
the older
It was important
same
the new dwellings.
one
in
a
of
room,
and
these
because
not merely a for-
mal layer between facade and street.
is
a place
the
evening
in
which
talking
it
people
to
sit
their
It
during
neighbors
and watching
the street.
It was important to provide some type of porch even
for the dwellings
street directly.
not
face
is
face the
These porches which do
street,
I
have
called ver-
The depth of the porch or veran-
andas.
da
the
that did not
important
sion of
sitting
provision
mal rooms.
not only for the proviroom, but
of privacy
for
also
the
for
front
the
for-
VERANDAS
I
Si
PORCHES
a
4
4
V
Y
/
ii
III
LIVING
ROOMS
It was important to provide both a
living room and a family room in each
dwelling.
These rooms have different
characters.
A living room is always behind the
porch or veranda.
It
is
generally of
the north
formal,
and is
side
of
the
but welcoming,
dwelling.
has
a
It
is
fireplace
the quiet center of the dwelling.
Landscape Gardeningpublished in 1816, illustrated an old fashioned'Cedar Parlour'
and a modern 'Living Room' (Pls [48 and 149). He wrote a poem to go with the
pictures:
No more the cedar parlour's formal gloom
With dulness chills. 'tis now the living room,
Where guests to whim, to task or fancy true
from LIFE IN THE ENGLISH COUNTRY HOUSE
FOIMAL, WARM LIVING ROOMS
......... ...
t
w
s
u
FAMILY
ROOMS
INFORMAL ATMOSPHERE
The
family
room
is
kitchen and dining area.
open
to
the
It is the cen-
ter of activity for the dwelling.
It is
usually on the sunny side and has access
to a terrace and yard or deck.
area,
way
an
that
open plan
permits
smaller areas
if
has
the
been
owners
they desire.
In this
used
to
in
a
enclose
OUTDOOR
The
also
in
ROOMS
provision
of
important, since the dwellings
a
warm
weather
"outdoor
rooms"
of
screened
back
often
used
cated
close
the
weather.
climate
to the
bother
zone.
stem from the
of
of
so
The
are
they are
lo-
They pro-
outdoors,
insects
are
They
kitchens.
being
was
tradition
porches.
for dining,
vide a feeling
out
"outdoor rooms"
or
with-
inclement
The "outdoor rooms" are on the
sunny side of the dwelling and are mostly
glazed,
operable
so
however
the
that when
windows
are
all
they are open the
room is very much like a screened porch.
BEDROOMS
Most of
in
height,
houses
on
the
in
the
their
dwellings
and
Inman
second
from
square
feet.
Park,
The
950
three bedrooms.
is
the
of
the
bedrooms
are
This
dwellings
square
They
two floors
typical
floor.
privacy.
sizes
as
are
feet
maximizes
vary
to
in
1350
contain from one
to
V() CA
JL A RY
SCALE
ROOFS
...........
. . . .............................................
. . ............ ...... . . . . .....
............
. . . ..................
The scale of the buildings
sign
are
the
existing
The
in
intent
keeping
was
with
the
neighborhood
also
to
have
in
the descale
of
buildings.
a similar
character.
The
roofscape of
a collage
of sloped
the
neighborhood
roofs
and
is
chimneys.
Sloped roofs are typical of construction
in this area and was respected in the
design.
However, looking at
the houses
individually, one usually finds a hipped
roof, symbolic of their original single
family
contain
usage.
more
Since
than
the
one
new
buildings
dwelling,
gable
roofs were used, expressing the additive
nature of
the buildings, and
plicity of dwellings.
the multi45
ENTRANCES
"It
is
privacy
-
and
essential
for
identity
at
units
the
to have
entrance.
Untermann
The
entrances
are marked
onto
to
by an arch.
the porch
front door.
all
and
is
of
the
dwellings
This arch leads
aligned
with
the
The porch provides privacy
and protection from the weather, as well
as
a place
for people
to display
items
of identity, expressing their individual
taste.
The
WINDOWS
------------------------------------------..................----
typical windows
hood are
in the
neighbor-
long in proportion and
double or single hung.
A
usually
two foot, six
inch module was established for the window
sizes.
sive
of
The
the
buildings.
form
used
in
did
domestic
Double
of
was
expres-
nature
length
a double
bedrooms
not
size
of
the
Square windows were used
bathrooms.
the
small
open
hung
and
to
windows,
deck
in
window were
living
a
in
areas
or
a
that
porch.
Where these rooms opened to a porch or a
deck, a
triple
length
window
was
used,
either in the form of a french door or a
triple hung window.
dow
with
floor
is
a
sill
a
typical
southern
houses.
open
a porch.
to
summer
A triple hung winlevel
even with the
the
circulate
cooler
dwelling.
this
used
in
old
These windows usually
floor of the porch.
to
detail
In
air
the
hot,
settles
humid,
to
the
These windows help
cooler
air
into
the
MATERIALS
.............................................
A
in
variety
of
Inman Park.
ical
of
materials
Clapboard
using
as
The
well.
foundations
similar
wood
buildings
sit
and
have
south of the site.
detailing
in
sidewalks
(MARTA)
walks
hexagonal blocks
Atlanta's
brick
blendstation
The street sidewalks
and public pedestrian
concrete
typ-
for the
on
private
the new transit
found
siding is
low retaining walls of brick,
ing with
dant
be
the area and was adapted
buildings,
and
can
are
made
that are
of
abun-
neighborhoods.
jim'
SIDEWALK PAVER6
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WOOD CLAPBOARD HOUSE ON HURT STREET
E4J
li ILI1NG S
Each
cluster
buildings.
determined
has
These
by
the
types
form
three
types
of
although mostly
of
the
cluster
described earlier, are partially derived
from
growth
neighborhood.
buildings
as
patterns
existing
in
the
I refer to these types of
the
front,
rear,
and
side
buildings.
Srcrmoi
A ---
.
FRONT
BUILDING
.............................
.............
'''''''
The
front
directly
that
and
has
is
been
dwellings.
provide
building
faces
like
a
subdivided
typical
into
house
smaller
However, it was important to
separate
porches
and
entrances
When this building
is
of
in
the
interior
become
verandas
trances are less formal.
PaptH
street
for these dwellings.
porches
I-IVI1,4
the
the
and
site,
the
the
en-
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Ui
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ROOM
INFORMAL ROOMS
HEARTH
-
FORMAL
~a
PORCH or VERANDA
ROOMS
FRONT YARD
room layers - front building
PUbLIG SIDEWALK
dwelling
elements
CAPRD14 kIALLS
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FRONT BUILDING
PAP-K IJ C-
FIR)NT
lIJILI)ING
second floor
first floor
third floor
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FLOORi
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FIRST FLOOR
2
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THIIII)
FLOOI
STIE IET EiLEI'ATION
FRONT
BUILDING
E~J
i
56
REAR BUILDING
..........................................
The
garden
rear
and
building
is
in
the carriage houses
part
faces
patterned
in
the
rear
building
own veranda and entrance.
ces
are
building.
tional
less
shared
after
that now contain one
or more individual dwellings.
lings
the
,...
formal
The dwelhave
their
These entran-
than
the
front
The spaces have a less tradi-
layout
than
those
lin
the
front
building.
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ROOMe
OUTDOOR
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room layers- rear building
dwelling
elements
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REAR
BUILDING
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first floor
floor
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PWSL-LINCI I
DNWE-LINQ 2
DWr L-GI~-G 3
SECOIND
SECTION
EN TRIIA N C E
--
1REAR
FLOOR
A
SECTION
ELEVATIOIN
IJUILDI)NG
B
I
a
-i
4
SIDE BUILDING
..........................................
The side
building is patterned after
small houses that have several additional dwellings
dwellings
verandas
attached to the rear.
in. the
and
entrances
the path that leads
and
rear
enters
off
side
the
front porch.
that
are
have
off
of
to the shared garden
building.
of
building
The
A
front
street
Because
dwelling
with
this
its
building
own
is
longer than the other buildings, it became important to provide access through
it.
ter
This access path connects the cluswith the parking for the rear and
side buildings.
times
sits
on
the
verandas
street
and
The side building..some-
the corner.
become
porches
the backyards
ior of the cluster.
When it does
face
facing
the
the inter-
4.'
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1L
cL
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PRIVATE YARDS
PUBIC I*T FL
PRIVATE
2"0 FL_
HEARTH
PU3IG
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PRIVATE
PUe'LIC
FL
I"' FL
ACCeSS
PuV>t-ic
1oT
PRIVATE
24
_
F
FL
ARTH
PU5t-1C
PRIVATE
1*5r FL
24D
FL
PORgC H or VERANDA
room layers-side building
FRoNT YARD
dwelling
elements
WdALLS
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wow
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TEKKACP-NTRANCE
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SIDE BUILDING
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lower
mid
levelI
level
upper
leve I
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section
.....
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SECTION
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10 FlEr-Ir
CL
STJER1S
STREET
CLUSTER
In
the design,
there
are
three
dif-
ferent prototypical clusters. The first
and
most common
I have called
the
"street cluster."
This cluster faces
the street directly.
The dwellings with
direct frontage have
front
porches and
entrances like the existing houses. The
other dwellings either enter along the
edges of the shared garden, which is
connected to the street and to parking
by paved walks.
11W
atfto
accze7!s
ntranoce
~1
bui1016
0
STREET CLUSTER
LiJ
11
UNPAV&O ARA
M.CL-06UltE AT
Git-OUND PLOO
ground plan
STREET
CLUSTER
shared
area
STREET
CLUSTER
L~J
0
L~J
0
±0
go
50 FaT
STRIEET
(i'LUJ ST1 Ej R
CLUTE
CORNER CLUSTER
................................................................................................
The
second
called the
name
type
cluster
"corner cluster",
implies,
corner-
of
it
Its
is
on
I have
and as
the
the
street
building/outdoor
space
relationships are similar to those of
the street cluster. Because it sits on
a corner the cluster has two "fronts"
and therefore more entrances with direct
access. The shared garden has fewer entrances
streets.
and
accesses
from
both
the
0 06
au to
acces
pedestnaon
entratnce
botiding
CORNER CLUSTER
AeJ
M
UNPAVED
ARaA
NCLO5UP.
-
.v..
*
3
AT
M
,it
-.
c~'o
ground
plan
CORNER
o
rwo
CLUSTER
shared
area
CORNER
CLUSTER
_
79J
0
to
2.0
5O
GO
ps
-r
C L US T E I
INTERIOR
CLUSTER
...................... ..............................................
..........................
Both of
have the
the
described
clusters
'U' shape with one side toward
the street.
is
above
opened
The
toward
third
the
type
street,
of
cluster
however
it
is quite a distance from the street and
-is
not
have
directly
called
cluster."
other
connected
this
It
clusters
cluster
is
because
from the street.
cess
to
more
It
the street,
the other clusters.
with
the
open
of
its
it.
I
"interior
than
the
distance
has pedestrian acto parking,
and
to
.
....
..
....
--
a
cb
pedestrian
to' 6treUt
INTERIOR CLUSTER
UNPAv..D AP.EA
SNCLO6nRV Ar
(?goUmN
ground
plan
F.oOl-
INTERIOR CLUSTER
shared
area
INTERIOR
CLUSTER
0
0
20
30
0
I NT E RI
011
C L IJS T E R
C LUSTER
RELATION SHIPS
Two types of spaces occur between the
cluster.
of
A
these
types
the cars
three,
shared parking area
that
presence
is
dimension.
are
In
total
parking
the area
than
dimensional
any
There are areas
covered
spaces.
building
between the
for plants and
plant
one
groups of two and
their
smaller
parking spaces
the
spaces.
are parked in
so
there
of
is
trees and
trellises
The
over
parking
area
appears more green and soft rather than
paved and harsh.
The
other
type
of
space
between
clusters is a garden or lawn.
acter of
shared
open
this
garden
and
tranquil
have
is
except
The char-
similar
that
it
to
is
the
more
more
formal.
space
because
there
to it.
It was important
or no entrances
to
spaces
the
pedestrian
It
is
a
are
connections
more
fewer
between
the clusters through these spaces.
NNW
C>
N
0
U'
0
-4
'-4
hmoiPw
- 0
N,
PLAN
SITEj
PLACE
................................................................................................
The
social/communal
cluster
were
aspects
instrumental
in
of
the
the develHow-
opment of the form of the cluster.
ever
the
following
general
site
charac-
teristics were also used to develop the
form of
the
cluster:
access,
and
street
applying
the
specific
site
taken
first
arc
through
piece
solar
orientation.
clusters
to
the
characteristics
had
When
site,
to be
into consideration.
Of
the
land slope,
of
the
of
Poplar
site,
land
continues
surrounded
Atlanta
importance
the
by
was
Circle
and
into a
which
turning
cuts
the
oval
small park.
tradition
of
houses
that
neighborhoods.
preserving
small
This
parks
exist
in
GROVE OF TREES AT THE ARC OF POPLAR CIRCLE
Em
Public
PATH
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
another
pedestrian
major
connections
consideration
were
in
site
planning.
A primary pedestrian connec-
tion
the
from
Avenue toward
needed.
MARTA
station
the commercial
to
Euclid
center was
At present there
worn across
the
is a foot path
along this route.
site
A secondary path was also needed to connect
this
primary
This
park.
path
secondary
with
path
the
new
divides
the
site into two areas each containing four
clusters.
The area that this path cuts
through
site
is the largest open area on the
and
park,
it
with
its
brings
connections
the
park into the site.
The south edge of
MARTA
this
for
parking
lot
has
lot.
been
the dwellings
the site
The
of
the
faces
the
back
adapted
for
edge
parking
clusters
and
it
the parking
This
green like
provides
of
parking
near this edge.
is trellised and
yards.
the
character
parking
fer between
to
the
a buf-
lot and private
in
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open
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The density of Inman Park ranges from
two to six dwellings per acre.
inal
to
goal
ten
to
was 'to
increase
fifteen
My orig-
this
dwellings
density
per
acre.
The site is six acres and the final site
plan
contains
gives
a
eighty
density
of a
dwellings;
little
teen dwellings per acre.
this
goal was
character
of
tree-lined
buildings
the effort
the
streets,
and
the
over
rhythm
thir-
In addition to
to retain
neighborhood.
the
this
scale
of
of
the
Other
munal
ted
goals
areas
that work
without
Whether
of establishing
the
being
cannot
built
form of
the
new' com-
be
evalua-
and
tested.
cluster
with
a
shared garden space would help to give a
real sense of community to the group
cannot
done
in
be
determined
this
thesis.
by
what
has
Perhaps
it
been
would
the
be
The
this thesis were to continue it would be
the
helpful
to study other forms
of cluster
front
housing
that
areas,
porches has helped the design succeed in.
best
to
conclude
offer
by
saying
communal
that
if
and
compare the differences.
this effort.
M
-.4
-b
END OF THE ROAD?
L
1I
t IOG)R A P H Y
Houses
generated
by
Christopher Alexander.
The
Pattern
Alexander.
"Vacant
Christopher
Language,
Lottery,"
George
1978.
Baird,
Barton
Design
Pattern,
Myers
Quarterly
Modern Gardens, British
Percy S. Cane.
and
"Open Space and Housing",
Architect's Yearbook 6.
Ian
McHarg,
"Another Chance for Housing:
Low Rise
Alternatives",
Museum of Modern Art
Publication, N.Y., 1973.
and
108,
Forei
Life in the English Country House, Mark
Man,
Nature,
Periainen.
Architecture,
Couryard
Housing
in
Polyzoides, Sherwood,
Los
Tice.
Tapio
Angeles,
Housing Prototypes, Rodger Sherwood.
Girouard.
The
"The
Leaves
Habraken,
Vision.
The
Country
Hooper.
and
the
Flowers",
John
Via Culture and Social
American
Suburb,
Robert
M.
Site
for
Planning
Cluster
Housing,
Richard Untermann, Robert Small.
House,
Multiple
Fami ly
Aggregation
to
Mackay.
Anglo
Stern.
Charles
,Edward
Houses
and
Gardens
Lawrence Weaver.
Housing,
Integration,
f rom
David
by
E.L.
Lutgens,