2409.17_8
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FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOK
ALASKA REGION (REGION 10)
JUNEAU, AK
FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS,
AND EVALUATIONS
Supplement No.: 2409.17-2008-1
Effective Date: August 18, 2008
Duration: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
Approved: /s/Paul K Brewster (for)
DENNIS E. BSCHOR
Regional Forester
Date Approved: August 4, 2008
Posting Instructions: Supplements are numbered consecutively by Handbook number and
calendar year. Post by document; remove the entire document and replace it with this
supplement. Retain this transmittal as the first page(s) of this document. The last supplement to
this Handbook was R-10 Supplement 2409.17-2006-3 to chapter 4.
New Document
2409.17_8
36Pages
Superseded Document(s)
(Supplement Number and
Effective Date)
2409.17_8 (2409.17-2001-5, 12/31/2001)
28 Pages
Digest:
Title
corrects spelling of Silvicultural
Objective:
8.3
8.5
replaces timber with natural resources, gives additional direction on stand
folder composition, references regional silviculture website
Clarifies when and who signs prescriptions
Update minimum regional standards
Replaces Exhibits 01,02 and 05.
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
Table of Contents
8.1 - Silvicultural Examinations ................................................................................................. 6
8.2 - Diagnosis of Treatment Needs ........................................................................................... 8
8.3 - Detailed Silvicultural Prescriptions .................................................................................. 13
8.4 - Monitoring and Evaluation of Silvicultural Treatments ................................................... 13
8.5 - Minimum National Standards for Silvicultural Certification ........................................... 14
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
The role of silvicultural examinations and prescriptions is to translate land management
objectives into silviculturally sound treatments that can be implemented as part of the forest
vegetation management program. All forest vegetation management activities shall be reviewed
prior to implementation through the silvicultural prescription process.
1. Objective. The objectives of the silvicultural examination and prescription process
are:
a. To develop treatment alternatives that are technically correct and ecologically
sound.
b. To clearly show how the proposed and alternative treatments will develop a stand
that can meet land management objectives and timber management goals.
c. To provide the primary means of coordinating vegetation management programs
with other resource programs.
d. To provide the necessary direction for implementation of the preferred treatment.
e. To obtain data and information for the development of natural resource
management programs of work .
f. To locate and identify areas where proposed silvicultural practices may affect other
resource uses and prescribe enhancement, coordination, or mitigation measures.
g. To determine the type of silvicultural treatment needed for to accomplish the goals
and objectives of the applicable Forest Plan on a stand-by-stand basis, and
h. To provide site specific information for describing and mapping forest land.
2. Land Management Objective. The land management objective and related guidance
provides the basic direction for development and implementation of a silvicultural prescription.
Develop the prescription to provide an acceptable level of protection from windthrow, insects,
disease, and fire.
3. The Prescription Area. Write Prescriptions for all cultural treatments on forest stands.
Forest stands include stands where conifers and/or hardwoods are in sufficient quantity to be a
primary site influence. The area defined by a forest stand may be adjusted for differences in: (1)
physical site factors, and (2) land management objectives. In most cases, differences in
vegetation, timber, site factors, and management guidance between stands dictate that separate
prescriptions be made for each stand. When these differences are not significant enough to
change the prescription from one forest stand to another, stands may be combined for
prescription writing purposes.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
4. Documentation. The prescription must be a written statement that can be used and
preserved as a single and complete document. Each step of the prescription process requires
documentation to meet the direction in this handbook and to adequately fulfill the objectives of a
prescription. Ensure documentation is factual and brief. The prescription document is a
technical report written for people working in the general field of forestry; it may require
interpretation when used by the public and other professions. Regionally, the format for
documentation is secondary to the content and completeness of the documentation. The official
prescription format can be found at http://fsweb.ketchikan.r10.fs.fed.us/rxsilvanian/
5. Storage and Retention. Written prescriptions shall be retained as a permanent part of
the stand folder. Each unit shall create a folder for each stand examined. (If electronic, nonelectronic information will be scanned and included.) These folders shall document the activities
which occur throughout the life of the stand. If the stand is eventually treated in accordance with
a NEPA decision the folders shall be incorporated by reference to the applicable planning
record.
6. Responsibility. A Certified Silviculturist who has met the Alaska Region standards
for experience, education, and examination shall prepare or supervise the preparation of
prescriptions. A Certified Silviculturist must review and sign all prescriptions. Date each
prescription and show the name of the author. In addition, if the author is not certified, record
the reviewer's name and date of review.
Certification means (a) that the certified Silviculturist is familiar with the stands proposed for
treatment, (b) that the planned treatments are silviculturally sound, (c) that the project plan
contains the required information described in this handbook, (d) that appropriate resource staff
specialists have contributed to the preparation of the stand prescriptions, (e) that the information
on NFMA consistency findings is contained in the project decision documentation, and (f) that
the planned treatments are consistent with and implement the Forest Plan land allocation
management objectives. Prescriptions for all stands included in a NEPA document will be
signed and certified at the time the decision document is signed.
The Forest’s Natural resource program staff officer will determine how well the planned actions
contribute to the Forest Plan’s timber objectives and make a recommendation as to the adequacy
of their contribution in the project plan.
A Silviculturist shall certify amendments to the project plan involving forest vegetation actions.
This certification means (a) an appropriate analysis of the change has been made, which includes
obtaining input from other specialists as needed, and (b) that the prescription accurately
describes the changed conditions. See FSM 1950 for proper handling of amendments. Also see
Unit Change Analysis direction at
http://fsweb.stikine.r10.fs.fed.us/tongass/timber/change_analysis/
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
7. Broadscale Assessment. Base the prescription on the characterization, assessment,
and synthesis of ecological, social, and economic attributes for the host landscape. The scale
used for the landscape assessment should be effective for addressing the majority of questions at
the forest planning level. Include the use of hierarchies in the landscape assessment to address
questions at larger and smaller scales. Define a desirable range of conditions for ecological,
social, and economic considerations to illustrate where ecosystems can be sustained in the long
term. Express the range of conditions in measurable terms to facilitate comparison with desired
conditions specified in the Forest Plan.
8. Prescription Process. A sequence of five steps is followed to complete the
prescription process. Each step serves a specific function and supports the next step in the
process. The steps are: Stand Examination, Diagnosis, Detailed Prescription, Implementation,
and Monitoring and Evaluation.
9. Coordination with Environmental Assessment. Direction on how the silvicultural
diagnosis and prescriptions fit into the NEPA process or documents is displayed below.
NFMA/NEPA PROCESS
SEQUENCE SILVICULTURAL PRESCRIPTION
Forest Land Management
Plan
1
Forest plan management prescriptions and yield
tables developed (includes strategy for forest
regulation), forest wide DESIRED CONDITION
(DC) identified.
Landscape Characterization
Assessment and Synthesis
2
Define a range of conditions for the sustainability
of the ecological, social and economic attributes
of the host landscape. (Includes composition and
structure)
Proposed Actions Identified
(Includes amendments to
forest plan, if appropriate, as a
feedback loop to 1)
3*
Diagnosis completed for stands in proposed
actions; includes identifying DESIRED STAND
CONDITIONS (DSC) within the range of
sustainability, while consistent with forest plan
goals in 1 above. Applies to both project and
forest plan amendment actions.
Development of EA, EIS, or
CE
4
Alternatives Developed
5
Alternative DSC and/or treatments identified for
stands included in the project to address NEPA
issues, if not covered in 3 above.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
Decision Approved
6
Final silvicultural prescription prepared
Implementation
7
Develop detailed marking guides.
Monitoring and Evaluation
8
Monitoring And Evaluation (Includes how well
DSC is developing and if it is achieving goals in
1 & 2 above).
* The point at which the Silviculture Diagnosis and Prescription process begins.
8.1 - Silvicultural Examinations
Begin this step by identifying the stand that will be the subject of the prescription. Before the
stand is examined, the silviculturist should review the land management objective(s) and the
broadscale analysis, to ensure that data are obtained for all pertinent stand attributes. Make an
office search for data about the site before going to the field so that missing information can be
gathered with the stand examination.
Regional stand examination procedures provide the information needed to diagnose treatment
needs and prepare detailed prescriptions. The kinds and amounts of data gathered and their
reliability will depend upon the resources to be managed and the intensity of management to be
applied. Obtain enough information to adequately describe the current condition of the stand or
non-stocked area in relation to the objectives. The stand examination step may have been
completed some time before the diagnosis and prescription is prepared.
The minimum information requirements include the following data elements:
1. Stand Identification. Minimum requirements: compartment, subcompartment (if
used), stand number (or location and site) and area.
2. Land Management Objective. Minimum requirement: The land management
direction from the Forest Plan for the area covered by the prescription must be stated. Lengthy
management direction should be summarized and its source referenced, including direction
resulting from landscape level analysis.
3. Site Data. Although information about the site is recorded elsewhere, it is an integral
part of the technical justification for the treatment and therefore, will be documented as part of
the prescription.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
Site Data
Geology and
Landform
Data Elements
Rock Types, Physiography,
Topography, Slope,
Elevation, Exposure
Climate
Precipitation (By Season),
Temperature Ranges,
Evapotranspiration, Wind,
Pollution, Catastrophic
Weather
Soils
Origin, Profile
Development, Physical and
Chemical Properties,
Organisms and Organic
Matter.
Applications
Site Stability, Productivity,
Hydrologic Character, Soil Profile
Development, Species Suitability,
Wind Patterns, Local Climate,
Visual Resources
Growing Season Length,
Windfirmness, Site Productivity,
Species Suitability, Frost Pockets,
Pest Management, Snow and
Water Effects, Hydrologic
Character, Regeneration
Productivity, Erodibility,
Compaction, Trafficability,
Hydrologic Character,
Fertilization, Regeneration
Ability
Hydrologic and Storm Timing and
Watershed
Intensity, Snow Storage
and Melt, Riparian Buffer
Vegetation, Percent
Canopy Cover In Drainage
Water Production Potential,
Erosion and Sedimentation
Hazard, Stream Channel Stability,
Frequency of Harvest, Fishery
Impacts
Stand
Development
Patterns
Previous and Present Plant
Cover, Disturbance
History, Current Stand
Structure, Ecological Unit
Stand Development Trends, Ease
of Type Conversion, Pest Plants,
Growth Potential, Regeneration,
Rare Plants, Growth and Yield.
Site Quality
and
Productivity
Measured Site Index by
Species, Inferred from
Soils or Previous Harvest,
Site Modification
Growth and Yield Potential, Need
for Modification, Choice of
Silvicultural Systems, Rotation
Age, Species Selection
Archaeological
Features
Cultural Site Location,
Artifact Occurrence
Legal Constraints or Treatments,
Machinery Selection
4. Stand Data: This information shall be documented in the Diagnosis Step And is
housed electronically according to national, regional and forest level FSVEG/SCE protocol.
Region 10 also requires electronic storage of point data in the allcse.pts cover.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
8.2 - Diagnosis of Treatment Needs
The diagnosis of treatment needs is the most important element of the prescription process. The
diagnosis provides the NEPA ID team and the line officer with a basis to build alternatives
considered in the NEPA process. The diagnosis must show that the alternative treatments will
result in a stand that, over time, will best contribute to achieving the resource objectives for the
area. Treatment alternatives are those cultural practices that will contribute to the desired
condition of the landscape. The diagnosis can be accomplished by addressing two questions
based on stand data. These questions are:
1. How can the existing stand be treated to develop a desired stand condition that will
best satisfy Forest Plan and management direction?
2. If the existing stand cannot be treated to meet the Forest Plan and management
objectives, how and when can it be harvested and replaced with a more desirable stand that will
achieve a desired stand condition?
To answer these questions, the silviculturist must be able to visualize and describe one or more
desired stand conditions that can meet the requirements of the land management goals for the
stand. Frequently the silviculturist must refer to written guidance from other disciplines or must
discuss alternative stand descriptions with other resource specialists to develop desired stand
conditions and subsequent treatment(s) that can satisfy multiple resources.
The description of desired stand conditions must guide the silviculturist in prescribing future
stand development.
The comparison of the existing stand with future stand objectives, or desired conditions will
provide the basis for identifying stand treatment needs (alternatives). Site data should be
grouped by attributes to allow an efficient comparison between the existing stand and the desired
conditions to meet management objectives.
Stand diagnosis documents must include a comparison of existing stand attributes and future
stand attributes for each considered alternative. Diagnosis documents should be attached to
stand description documents that are retained in the District’s stand records.
A stand description compares the existing condition to a defined DESIRED STAND
CONDITIONS (DSC), and identifies treatments that will effect the indicated change. This can
be an iterative process, as there may be a need to define alternative desired conditions or
treatments to respond to NEPA issues during scoping and alternative development in the NEPA
process. Use the following steps for all silvicultural prescriptions.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
Step 1. Each site has an inherent potential for stand development. Climate, slope, aspect,
elevation, soil properties, and disturbance regime, all combine to control the character of forest
vegetation that can occur on the site. Biological factors like competition, insects, and disease
influence stand development patterns over time. Based upon knowledge of earth science, forest
and landscape ecology and biometrics, the silviculturist will describe the sequence of forest
conditions (DSC) throughout the life of the stand (normally a rotation period) that are necessary
for achieving resource objectives. The silviculturist must frequently involve other disciplines in
this determination. In some cases, very similar sites may have options for more than one DSC
pathway to be followed, depending on landscape level composition and structure or desired
condition objectives. Develop the DSC(s) with an understanding of how current and historic
disturbance patterns influenced stand development, and represent a portion of the landscape
composition and structure appropriate to the site being considered. The silviculturist must
describe how desired stand conditions will benefit resources at the stand and landscape level.
Step 2. The silviculturist should compare the existing stand conditions to the DSC. Base the
comparison on stand attributes that are important to the resource objectives described by the
Forest Plan for the site and the ecosystem. The comparison of the existing stand to the DSC
must follow a sequence whose logic meets the legal requirements to consider a full range of
alternatives.
1. The comparison should first consider if the existing stand is similar enough to the
DSC to defer treatment. In making this comparison, the silviculturist should base judgment upon
acceptable limits for the desired stand conditions. For example, the optimum stand density for a
young sawtimber stand may be 110 ft2/ac, but acceptable limits may range from 80 to 130 ft2/ac.
An optimum species composition for a given resource objective may be 70 percent serial species
in the over story, but a minimum of 50 percent would be acceptable. Determine acceptable
limits before comparison to the existing stand and base on resource management requirements
and an understanding of the historic range of variation of composition and structure in the
ecosystem.
2. The comparison should next determine if the existing stand can be modified by
intermediate cutting, planting, burning, or other appropriate measures to restore composition,
structure and ecosystem function and to better meet resource objectives. Describe such cultural
treatments in enough detail to allow a reasonable basis for choice from a final list of alternatives.
Modifications must be operationally feasible and ecologically sound. Defer economic
considerations to a later step in the prescription process.
3. If the existing stand does not compare favorably with the defined desired stand
conditions and cannot reasonably be modified to do so the silviculturist must next consider
alternatives to replace the existing stand. The regeneration cutting method must adhere to
requirements of the Forest Plan. Cutting methods must be related to the resource management
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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requirements and objectives for the site and the larger ecosystem associated with the site, as well
as existing stand conditions.
The National Forest Management Act has placed special considerations on the clearcut
regeneration method by requiring that it be used only when it is “determined to be the optimum
method—to meet the objectives and requirements of the relevant land management plan.”
The justification for clearcutting must relate primarily to resource objectives and requirements
and only secondarily to stand condition. Since clearcutting is a method of regenerating a forest
stand, it must be determined that the existing stand cannot meet resource requirements and must
be replaced.
Clearcutting can be the best way to replace the existing stand for one or more of the following
reasons:
a. Ecological Criteria. The condition of the stand may preclude the use of any other
harvest cutting method. Examples are stands that cannot provide enough seed for
natural regeneration, stands with insect infestations, or disease infections that are
transmitted from over story to under story trees, or stands of trees subject to
windthrow if partially cut.
b. Resource Criteria. The desired condition during the regeneration period may be
best served by clearcutting.
c. Management Criteria. Harvest cutting methods must be operationally feasible and
must contribute to resource needs that are external to the stand itself. If frequent
multiple entries to remove residual will produce unacceptable damage to young
growth or excessive disturbance to wildlife populations, one entry through the
clearcut method may be the best choice for regenerating the stand.
Clearcutting must be shown as a viable treatment in a silvicultural prescription
prepared by a certified silviculturist. The determination that a clearcut is optimum
will be made by the Forest Officer responsible for management of the area and will
be recorded in the decision document for the project or area.
d. If the existing stand cannot be modified to achieve the target conditions and cannot
be replaced because of reasons external to the stand, the silviculturist should consider
the opportunity to stabilize or improve the existing condition. Alternatives may
include sanitation or salvage cuttings that will help to hold the stand until a
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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regeneration cutting can be carried out. Intermediate cuttings must leave the stand in
a condition that is favorable for the allocated resources regardless of opportunities to
capture imminent mortality. The diagnosis should derive alternatives that are related
to stand conditions that will exist following the proposed harvest.
e. Finally, the silviculturist may consider deferring treatment because conditions
external to the stand do not permit any treatment at the time of diagnosis. In this
situation, treatment is deferred not because the existing stand meets resource
requirements, but because a treatment of any kind is not possible. An example of this
situation may be a stand in an area at the hydrologic limits.
Step 3. Summarize a reasonable range of alternatives from the foregoing comparison of the
existing stand to the desired stand condition. A reasonable range of alternatives should usually
include consideration of both even age and uneven age systems. All alternatives should be
attainable with current practice and technology. The silviculturist must describe how the
treatment alternatives will produce a stand that is like the desired stand condition.
When alternative treatments have been identified, specify actions that will carry the stand
through the next regeneration period. This must be done to assure that the direction set by the
treatment need is reasonable, and to develop information for an economic comparison of
alternatives completed during the NEPA process.
Estimate volume yields for the sequence of management actions identified for each alternative.
Assignments of values for costs to be incurred and volumes produced will provide the basis for
an economic analysis that will be completed for the project in the NEPA document.
The silviculturist should recommend a tentatively preferred alternative with a brief explanation
for the selection.
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
Documentation Standards for the Diagnosis Step. Stand data is the basis for making a diagnosis
that will result in a viable treatment. The prescription document should not be used to
summarize general data about the forest stand. Stand data cited in the prescription should be
directed specifically at determining the ability of the subject stand to satisfy management
direction. Stand data should be grouped by attributes to allow an efficient comparison between
the existing stand and the alternative desired stand conditions. The most useful stand attributes
are:
Stand Attributes Date Elements
Structure
Age and Size Class Distributions, Relationship of Crown
Canopy Levels
Composition
Species Distribution by Stand Structure
Density
Trees Per Acre, Basal Area Per Acre, or Stand Density Index
Condition
Status of Insects, Disease, and Successional Stage
Growth
Volume or Height
Fuels
Size, Arrangement, Loading
Arrangement
Location of the Stand Related to Surrounding Area, Stands,
Drainages, and so forth
Wildlife and Fish Cover/Forage By Species, Plant Succession Trends,
Habitat
Endangered or Threatened Species, Water Characteristics and
Access
Visual Resources Visibility from Travel Corridors or Observation Points, Vista
Exposure Potential, Expected Change with Time
Protection
Wind History and Susceptibility, Insects, Disease, Mammals,
Atmospheric Pollution, Catastrophic Weather
The minimum documentation requirements are:
1. Describe the existing stand by important stand attributes.
2. Describe the desired stand conditions with a narrative documenting how each DSC
will benefit resources.
3. Comparison. Compare the existing stand with each identified DSC.
4. Conclusion. Describe a treatment need for each alternative with a description of how
the treatment will achieve the desired stand conditions.
5. Sequence-of-Steps. Diagram and describe the timing to carry each alternative through
the next regeneration period.
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6. Economic Analysis. Costs and benefits must be displayed to allow an economic
analysis to be completed for the entire project; such as, a tabular format summarizing the costs
and benefits for all alternatives identified in the diagnosis.
7. Preferred Alternative. The silviculturist should indicate a tentatively preferred
treatment and the reasons for its selection.
8.3 - Detailed Silvicultural Prescriptions
This step should be completed when a decision notice or record-of-decision has been issued by
the responsible forest officer. The detailed prescription is prepared only for the selected
alternative, and it will direct the next sequence of entries in the stand. The detailed silvicultural
prescription is the documented description of the actions or activities that are needed to
implement the silvicultural treatment(s), or treatment(s) sequence. This documentation shall be
summarized in the appropriate timber sale unit card if applicable and stored in the stand folder
as part of the project planning record.
8.4 - Monitoring and Evaluation of Silvicultural Treatments
This step bridges the gap between the conceptual prescription and a project. If the prescription
process has been followed carefully, there are likely to be few changes as the project is
accomplished. However, some changes are unavoidable and they must be accounted for in the
implementation step. If changes (ie.e unit change analysis) will alter the treatment need or
develop a stand that is significantly different from the stand objective described in the diagnosis
step, the responsible Certified Silviculturist should consider reentering the prescription process at
the point of change and developing an amended prescription. Whenever a prescription is
amended, the silviculturist, in consultation with others if necessary, must consider whether or not
an amendment to the environmental analysis or impact study is also needed.
Successful implementation of silvicultural prescriptions may require:
1. Paper layout and review of the project to check its workability in relation to other
resources, transportation, and logging systems.
2. Written marking guides.
3. Training tree markers.
4. Participation in selection of contract clauses.
5. On-site monitoring and consultation with contract administrators and crew
supervisors.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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The documentation involved with implementation of a prescription depends upon a host of
forms, records, and reports that are already covered by Manual direction (for example: KV plan,
Timber Sale Report, Contracts, and so forth). The responsible Silviculturist shall maintain a
record of prescription changes made during the course of implementation. Record the changes to
the “detailed prescription form” retained in the stand folder. Each notation must be initialed and
dated.
The responsible Silviculturist shall monitor every implemented forest vegetation management
project to determine if the treatment need was achieved according to the specifications and to
compare the treated stand with the stand objectives. Cost effectiveness of the treatment should
also be determined. Evaluation can be made at any step or combination of steps in the
prescription process.
Suggested points for evaluation of the project are the following:
1. During the marking.
2. After marking is completed.
3. During the sale administration or cultural practice.
4. Immediately following completion of the prescribed treatment.
5. At suitable intervals thereafter.
A record of evaluations shall be retained as a permanent part of the stand folder.
All evaluations must be written, signed, and dated.
8.5 - Minimum National Standards for Silvicultural Certification
Forest Service Manual 2470 section 8.51 requires each Region to establish minimum standards
in several subject areas. These Regional standards must be met in addition to the national
standards. These subject areas and standards are:
Subject Area
Standard
Management of common forest disease and insect pests found on National
Forest lands in Alaska
FVS growth and yield model
Logging engineering, transportation planning, and sale layout.
Silvics and silvicultural systems for forest types found on National Forests in
Alaska
Ecological classification
Working level
Working level
Working level
Expert level
Working level
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DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
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Cultural resource characteristics
Fish, wildlife, invasive and endangered or threatened plant habitat
Range resources and recreation
Predicting volume and quality of residual trees
Evaluating effects of atmospheric pollution on survival and growth
Program and Budget silvicultural projects
NEPA and project planning
Data base and reporting protocol (FSCEG/CSE/All CSE.pts/FACTS
Working level
Working level
Working level
Expert level
Working level
Working level
Working level
Expert Levle
1. Region 10 Requirements for Silviculturist Certification. In addition to meeting the
minimum standards above and in section 8.5 of the parent text, certified silviculturists in Region
10 shall have:
a. Recommendation and endorsement of experience from the District Ranger (if the
person works on a district) and the Forest Supervisor (or Staff Director).
b. Documentation that the educational requirements have been met.
c. Successful preparation, presentation, and defense of a silvicultural prescription
before the Regional Certification Panel. The main body of the prescription and
summary will generally not exceed 20 pages.
(1) Work Experience. Recognizing that certain practical skills, as well as the ability
to deal with complex resource situations, can only be attained through experience in
observing outcomes of treatments, silviculturist certification includes standards for
work experience. The silviculturist must have an understanding of what is realistic to
attain on the ground to ensure that prescriptions are practical and implementable.
Candidates for certification must accrue 36 months of experience in at least two of the
following operational categories and have some experience in the remaining
categories:
(a) Stand Examination/Inventory
(b) Timber Sale Administration
(c) Reforestation
(d) Timber Stand Improvement
(e) Land Management/Timber Management Planning
(f) Silvicultural Prescriptions
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Work experience in different operational categories can occur simultaneously. It is
advantageous for the candidate to have some experience in as many of these
categories as possible. The Regional Silviculturist should be consulted if there are
questions as to whether a candidate meets the work experience requirements.
(2) Education. The silviculturist is expected to possess state-of-the-art academic
knowledge of silviculture and related subjects. This is generally obtained through
attendance and successful completion of a formal education program such as the
Natural Applied Silviculture Porgram (NASP).
A Masters Degree or higher in silviculture or applied ecology may qualify for the
educational requirements of silviculturist certification. Requests to use an advanced
degree, as the educational requirements for silviculturist certification should be made
to the Regional Silviculturist and include the following:
(a) Type of degree and date of degree
(b) Institution awarding the advanced degree
(c) A listing of the courses taken for the degree and a short description of the content
of each course.
(d) A transcript or copy of a transcript showing the grades received in each course.
Because of the rapid technological advances occurring in silviculture, current
academic training is essential. Candidates for certification will be screened using the
academic portions of the minimum national and regional standards. Those who have
acquired all of the necessary academic training within the last five years will have
met the educational requirements.
(3) Certification Prescription. The third and final requirement for silviculturist
certification is the successful preparation, presentation, and defense of a certification
prescription before the Regional Certification Panel. This Panel is comprised of five
experts in various fields including a line officer, a representative from research or
university, a silviculturist from another forest or district and another resource
specialist. The panel will meet in the spring of each year depending on demand. The
Regional Silviculturist, or his/her designate, is the Panel chair. Candidates are
encouraged to begin work on their certification prescription while they are attending
the education modules.
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Candidates for certification should consider the national and regional standards when
choosing the stand they will write their certification prescription on. If the
knowledge, skills, and abilities specified in these standards are not displayed or
demonstrated at the appropriate level in the certification prescription, the candidate
must be able to successfully discuss them during the panel process should questions
be asked.
The certification prescription is a professional paper demonstrating ability to
communicate in writing, ascertain management direction, identify and objectively
analyze a broad array of alternatives, employ interdisciplinary advice, prescribe
operationally practical treatments, and design monitoring procedures. The successful
prescription displays an ecosystem point of view with sensitivity to the quality of the
data and contains an objective problem analysis. To achieve this, the document is
usually more detailed than a normal operational prescription. See 8.5 - Exhibit 01 for
a sample prescription outline.
Candidates shall submit one copy of their prescription for each Panel member no later
than 30 days prior to the Panel convening so the panel members will have the
opportunity to pre-review the prescription. The Regional Silviculturist will advise
Forest Supervisors and Staff Directors of the Panel members, meeting date(s), and
location each year. The Certification Panel process is usually done in the office. If
Requests for a field certification panel will be considered on an individual basis and
must be made by January 1 of the year the candidate will appear before the Panel.
The office panel process begins with a 20 to 30 minute presentation of the
prescription by the candidate, followed by a one and one-half to two hour question
and answer period. Following this, the candidate will be asked to leave the room
while the panel considers work experience, education, training and the certification
prescription to make a determination regarding certification.
If a field panel is done, the process begins with a brief overview of the prescription by
the candidate, in the office. Following this, the Panel and candidate will travel to the
certification stand. While traveling to the stand and while there, the Panel will ask
questions and discuss the prescription with the candidate. The review ends when the
Panel and candidate leave the stand and begin travel back to the office. While there is
no set time limit for a field panel, generally two to three hours in the stand should be
sufficient. When the panel and candidate return to the office, the Panel will excuse
the candidate and consider work experience, education, training and the certification
prescription to make a determination regarding certification.
After the Panel has made their determination, the candidate will be called back before
the panel and the results of the evaluation will be presented and explained. The
evaluation criteria the panel uses in making its determination is shown in 8.5 - Exhibit
02. Results could be:
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(a) Successful. The candidate meets the requirements for certification and is granted
full, four-year certification.
(b) Incomplete. The panel feels the candidate has several minor deficiencies that
could be corrected by rewriting portions of the prescription. The rewrites will be
reviewed by the Panel to ensure the deficiencies have been addressed. Upon
successful completion of the rewrites, full, four-year certification will be granted.
Rewrites will be due within six months of the date of the panel unless other
arrangements are made. If the deficiencies are not adequately addressed in the
rewrites, the candidate will appear before next year's Panel to present and defend their
prescription.
(c) Re-examination. Additional work and/or training are needed to bring the
candidate up to the requirements for certification. No certification is granted. The
candidate will appear before the Certification Panel next year and either rework the
prescription just presented to address the weaknesses pointed out by the Panel or
prepare a prescription on a different stand.
(d) Unsuccessful. Considerable work, training, and experience are needed to bring
the candidate up to the standards for certification. No certification is granted. The
candidate and her/his supervisor should carefully consider whether the time and
expense to bring the candidate up to certification standards is in the best interest of
the public. The Regional Silviculturist should be consulted when making this
determination. If it is decided that the candidate will continue to seek certification, a
new prescription must be prepared, presented, and defended within two years.
Additional training and experience may also be required. This will be determined on
a case-by-case basis in consultation with the Regional Silviculturist.
Candidates may make a second attempt at full, four-year certification if they receive
an "incomplete," "reexamination," or "unsuccessful" on the first attempt. If a
candidate does not receive full, four-year certification on the second attempt, the
Regional Silviculturist will discuss available options with the candidate and her/his
supervisor.
2. Application for Silviculturist Certification. Certification candidates must submit the
following documents to the Regional Silviculturist. Normally, this documentation accompanies
the request to attend one of the formal education programs:
a. Academic transcripts (photocopies are acceptable).
b. Summary of work experience.
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c. Letter of recommendation from the candidates District Ranger (if the candidate
works on a district) and Forest Supervisor (or Staff Director). This letter must
include a commitment to make available appropriate time for preparation of the
certification prescription.
d. A personal letter of commitment stating candidate's goals and reasons for
applying.
e. Two letters of reference addressing the candidate’s capabilities and long-term
interests in managing forest and other ecosystems. One of these letters must be from
a certified silviculturist.

Each year, the Regional Office will send out a call letter asking for applications for
silviculturist certification, as well as for applicants to the NASP program
Upon receipt of the documentation, the Regional Silviculturist will review it to determine if the
candidate meets the minimum national and regional standards for silvicultural certification. In
some cases, academic currency will be lacking in one or more subject areas and the Regional
Silviculturist will recommend the candidate attend all or a portion of the education program.
Generally, funds are retained in the Washington or Regional Office to send one person to the
educational program each year for purposes of becoming certified.
The Regional Silviculturist will select the top candidate(s) for the educational requirements and
submit their name to the National selection panel. The Washington Office Silviculture cadre will
make the final selections.
3. Recertification. Silviculturist certification is valid for 4 years as measured from the
month and year certification or recertification was granted. Region 10 certified silviculturists
can apply for recertification at four-year intervals. The purpose of recertification is to ensure the
individual still meets the minimum national and regional standards for certification. To apply for
recertification, the following materials must be submitted to the Regional Office prior to
expiration of certification. Certification will automatically be extended until the recertification
review is completed and the work unit is notified of the results.
a. A letter of recommendation for recertification from the individual's District Ranger
(if the person works on a district) and Forest Supervisor (or Staff Director).
b. Copies of at least two operational prescriptions prepared and/or certified by the
individual since last being certified or re-certified. If the person is in a position that
does not require preparation and/or certification of prescriptions then the individual
must submit an explanation of their duties and how it relates to silviculture.
c. Documentation that they have had at least 120 hours of continuing education in
silviculture and related fields over the past four years. The four categories of
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continuing education and the minimum number or hours required in each category are
shown in 8.5 - Exhibit 03. This documentation can take the form of a listing of the
continuing education/training taken, dates and location of each session, and the
number of classroom/field hours involved in each session. A sample format for
submission of this information is shown in 8.5 - Exhibit 04. Questions regarding
whether a course meets recertification requirements and which category a specific
course falls into should be directed to the Regional Silviculturist. See also
http://fsweb/staffs/fm/silviculture.shtml
Individuals whose certification has lapsed for more than six months will be asked to
meet additional requirements for consideration of recertification. These additional
requirements could include:





A field exam of project prescriptions;
Assignment of a special project to benefit the silviculture program in the region;
A review of professional papers written by the individual;
Successful completion of one or more continuing education modules; and/or
A review of special projects the individual has been involved in since last being
certified or recertified.
The Regional Silviculturist will deal with these situations on a case-by-case basis.
4. Reciprocity for Silviculturists Certified in Other Regions. Individuals who are
currently certified in another Region can apply to transfer certification to Region 10 by
submitting the following to the Regional Silviculturist:
a. Documentation of currently being a certified silviculturist in another Region.
b. The District Ranger's (if the person works on a district) and Forest Supervisor's (or
Staff Director's) and Fores Silviculturists recommendation that certification be
transferred to Region 10.
c. Summary of work experience.
d. Documentation of continuing education and training taken, including the
education program initially taken to become certified. This documentation must
include the name of each course/training session, date and location of each
course/training session, and a short description of the content of each course/training
session.
e. Completion of the Region 10 local NASP Module
http://fsweb/staffs/fm/silviculture.shtml
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Experience with local climate; soils; vegetation types and conditions; silvical
characteristics; and harvest systems are necessary to write responsible silvicultural
prescriptions. Therefore, some time and training may be required before certification
granted in another Region can be fully recognized in Region 10. The Regional
Silviculturist will review the package submitted and make recommendations as to
what additional training and/or experience is needed before certification can be
transferred to the Region.
Individuals who transfer to Region 10 and were certified in another region but whose
certification has lapsed can also apply for certification in Region 10. The same
documentation as shown in items a through e above must be submitted. The Regional
Silviculturist will review the package and make recommendations as to what
additional training and/or experience is needed before certification can be granted.
These recommendations could include: additional formal education training needs;
localized training needs; work experience needs; field review of prescriptions; and/or
designation of a nearby Certified Silviculturist to serve as advisor.
5. Region 10 Certified Silviculturists. Each year, the Regional Office will issue a list of
all certified silviculturists in the Region, their home unit, and date their certification expires. See
8.5-Exhibit 05.
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8.5 - EXHIBIT 01
Silvicultural Certification Prescription Outline
I. Intro
II. Overview
A. Location
B. Landscape Considerations
C. Watershed Description
D. Project Stand Characteristics
1. History
2. Abiotic conditions
a) Soils, Drainage, and Productivity
b) Topography (slope, aspect, elevation, landform) (include mass
movement discussion)
c) Climate
d) Wind
3. Biotic conditions
a) Vegetative Composition
b) Stand Structure, Competitive Stresses, Successional Stage
c) Forest Health
(1) Porcupine Feeding Damage
(2) Decay Fungi
(3) Stem Disease
(4) Insects
4. Data Collection
III. Management Considerations
A. Future old-growth timber sales in that watershed
B. Wildlife
C. Subsistence and Recreation
D. Scenery
E. Karst and Caves, Heritage, Fish Habitat, Transportation System, Fuels Management
IV. Objectives
A. Management Direction
1. Forest Plan
2. Tongass strategy paper as it pertains to YG Management
3. Any pertinent District Plans
4. Tongass Young-growth management strategy
B. Silvicultural Objectives
C.Desired Condition (see R10 FSH 2409.17, 8.5, exhibit 01)
V. Silviculture Treatment Alternatives
A. Prescription Development
B. Evaluating and comparing Silviculture Treatment Alternatives
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C. Porcupine Background )
D. Stand Projection Simulation Methods
E. Assumptions of Using Stand Projections
F. Economic Analysis Methods
G. Modeling and Economic Results of Each Alternative
VI. Preferred Alternative
VII.
Monitoring Plan
VIII.
Contingency Plan
IX.
Literature Cited
X. Consultation with Others (see R10 FSH 2409.17, 8.5, exhibit 01)
XI. Appendix
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8.5 - EXHIBIT 02
Silvicultural Certification Evaluation Criteria
Prescription Examination and Defense Standards
The objective of the prescription examination and defense is to test the candidate's ability to
integrate and apply the knowledge, concepts, and analysis techniques learned through training
and experience, to an actual example that involves meeting a specified set of resource objectives.
The questioning format used draws from the emphasis elements listeded in the national standards
for silviculturist certification located in the Silviculture Practices Handbook (FSH 2409.17)
The defense shall be judged on its technical merit and logic. Beginning silviculturists are not
expected to solve the most challenging stand management problems, but they must be able to
integrate several management objectives and resource concerns into a treatment prescription for
typical stand compositions, structures and conditions.
To meet the examination standard, the candidate must be able to demonstrate expertise in the
following key areas:
I. Prescription area description
II. Diagnosis of stand condition
III. Development of alternative treatment needs
IV. Implementation and Monitoring
V. Professionalism
To evaluate the candidate's ability to meet the standards for this exercise, the following format
for the detailed questioning during the exercise shall be followed. Questions in the section below
can help guide the panel’s evaluation of how well the candidate met the above key areas.
Each panel member will document their evaluation on the form, and a composite evaluation shall
be documented on a master form and forwarded to the candidate.
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KEY AREA I – PRESCRIPTION AREA DESCRIPTION
A. Forest Stand Location
Important Questions:
1. Does the candidate understand the processes and functions that influence the subject
landscape? (Such as fire, insect and disease.)
2. Can the candidate characterize the Human Dimension (social values, wants and needs)
associated with the host landscape?
3. Does the candidate understand the concept of a forest stand as a management unit?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
B. Stand History and Development
Important Questions:
1. Can the stand successional stage and trend be correctly described by the candidate?
2. Does the candidate understand past and current potential for insect, disease, fire, fire
regime, and any other processes and functions such as nutrient cycling and windthrow
patterns, that have played a role or may do so in the future of this stand?
3. Does the candidate have an understanding of the concept of a natural range of variation
of composition and structure?
4. Has the candidate correctly evaluated the role insects and pathogens play in stand
dynamics and in reaching resource objectives?
5. Has prediction of tree growth included appropriate use of growth and yields models?
Does the candidate understand concepts of forest stand dynamics?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Inadequate
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Comments:
C.
The Physical Site and its Environmental Setting
Important Question
Does the candidate understand how the described site data and attributes, are related to
management of pertinent resources?
Does the candidate understand the function of the stand within the landscape?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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KEY AREA II – DIAGNOSIS
A. The Forest Community
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate adequately evaluate the results of the examination of the
existing stand?
2. Can the candidate explain why the sample inventory is designed correctly and
why the reliability of stand data is adequate?
3. Does the candidate understand the structure and composition of the forest
community that the treatment is being prescribed for?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
B. Forest Plan Objectives
Important Questions:
1. Does the candidate understand how land management objectives are related to the stand?
For example, key on items like:
 Vegetation
 Even/uneven-aged regulation
 Wildlife habitat
 Visual quality
 Human Dimension
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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C. Site Productivity Potential
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate use various resource potentials and capabilities and relate them to
management objectives for the site under study?
2. Can the candidate estimate site index and potential productivity based on site
attributes and current stand conditions?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
D. Stand Objectives
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate explain why the species to be managed and stand structures
identified are compatible with the anticipated successional development?
2. Can the candidate show that the target stand composition and structure are consistent
with natural processes in the area? (Such as fire regime, insect and disease etc.)
3. Can the candidate explain how the desired stand conditions meet the full complement
of resource objectives identified for the stand?
4. Can the candidate relate the target composition and structure identified to achieving
resource objectives over time?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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KEY AREA III – ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT
A. Alternative Treatments
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate develop sufficient and reasonable treatment alternatives related to
the pertinent issues and resources?
2. Can the candidate relate current stand conditions, including growth, to target
objectives?
3. Can the candidate evaluate the need for intermediate entries in the stand?
4. Can the candidate think ahead through a logical sequence of activities that would
carry the stand through one rotation period?
5. Can the candidate show that the proposed alternative silvicultural system is feasible to
implement on the site?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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B.
Analysis of Alternatives
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate describe the levels of resource outputs over time for each
alternative?
2. Has prediction of tree growth following treatment included appropriate use of growth
and yields models?
3. Can the candidate demonstrate knowledge of tree survival and growth and
environmental relationships such as respiration, photosynthesis and germination
requirements?
4. Can the candidate show that the alternatives are consistent with the ecosystem
processes that historically played a role on this site?
5. Can the candidate show if the alternatives contribute to forest regulation goals?
6. Can the candidate demonstrate an economic comparison of the alternatives?
7. Can the candidate explain how the various resource management objectives would be
met through the alternative treatments?
8. 8. Does the candidate recognize that Forest Plan Amendments may be necessary to
implement any of the proposed alternatives?
9. Can the candidate demonstrate knowledge of the genetic implications that the various
alternatives may have to the future of the forest stand?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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C.
Effects of the Treatment
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate describe the overall effects to the site resulting from the proposed
treatment?
2. Does the candidate know the immediate and long-term effects this proposed treatment
will have on the larger landscape?
3. Can the candidate demonstrate how this treatment sequence contributes to the desired
condition identified for the landscape within which this stand is "nested"?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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KEY AREA IV – IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
A.
Implementation of the Prescribed Treatment
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate correctly specify implementation requirements such as:
regeneration needs including site preparation, appropriate distribution of seed or
shelterwood trees, regeneration type (natural vs. artificial) and species, appropriate
stock type, care and handling, stocking rates, and probability of any other cultural
needs including animal damage control; gene conservation, genetic diversity, and tree
improvement; insect and diseases; site productivity; stocking level needs; windthrow
and fire potential; and product type?
2. Did the candidate determine that the site can be regenerated within legally mandated
time frames?
3. Can the candidate carry the prescription to a logical conclusion?
4. Does the candidate know if the proposed treatment can be implemented with current
technology?
5. Can the candidate specify sufficient detail of timing, leave tree selection, etc., for
implementation?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
B.
Monitoring and contingency plan
Important Questions:
1.
Does the prescription include a monitoring plan?
2.
Is a contingency plan included?
Evaluation:
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
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KEY AREA V – PROFESSIONALISM
A.
Presentation
Important Questions:
1. Can the candidate demonstrate state-of-the-art understanding of the technical aspects
of silviculture? Are there important gaps in the silviculturist's knowledge which need
reinforcement?
2. Does the candidate display professional judgment? Are answers taken without
question from computer models or advice taken from specialists without assessing
their validity?
3. Can the candidate use correct terminology?
4. Does the candidate display innovation and creativity, or is the prescription "business
as usual?"
5. Does the candidate display a confident, positive image? Are responses clear and to
the point? Would the candidate make a credible expert witness in a court of law?
When challenged, is the candidate defensive, or open-minded and receptive to
another viewpoint or opinion?
Evaluation
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
B.
Document
Important Questions:
1. Is the prescription a professional document? Is it well-written? Does it convey a
professional appearance?
2. Can the candidate apply the literature correctly? Did the candidate miss any significant
literature in the development of this prescription? Is the prescription supported by the
literature?
Adequate
Comments:
Inadequate
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
2409.17_8
Page 34 of 36
FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
8.5 - EXHIBIT 03
Silviculturist Recertification Continuing Education Requirements
A total of 120 hours over the 4-year certification period is required for recertification. A
minimum of 16 hours is recommended in each category.
I.
Silvicultural Sciences
 Advanced workshops in silviculture such as Stand Dynamics, Intermediate FVS, etc.
 University conducted short courses or symposia
 NRI, CEEM, or other formal educational program modules not previously taken
II.
Localized Technical Training
 Forest/Area silviculture workshops
 Regional silviculture workshops
 Other Forest Service sponsored silviculture workshops
III.
Related Sciences and Workshops
 University conducted short courses or symposia
 Correspondence courses from universities, community colleges, or equivalent
 Related science course work towards a graduate degree
 Forest Service sponsored short courses or workshops (not meetings)
IV.
Political Science, Social Science, or Communication Education
 Policy and legislative workshops or training
 Intensive semester
 Society of American Foresters study tours
 Courses in communication skills such as writing, listening, or speaking
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
2409.17_8
Page 35 of 36
FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
8.5 - EXHIBIT 04
Sample Format for Documentation of Continuing Education and Training
for Silviculturist Recertification
Name:
Unit:
Date current certification expires:
Course Name
I.
Locations
Dates
Eatonville, WA
2/2-6/96
Hours
Silvicultural Sciences
Forest Stand Dynamics
36
SUBTOTAL
36
II. Localized Technical Training
R-10 Silviculture Workshop
R-10 Silviculture Workshop
Wrangell, AK
Petersburg, AK
4/15-20/97
5/5-9/97
32
32
SUBTOTAL
64
III. Related Sciences And Workshops
Riparian Thinning Workshop
Juneau, AK
12/10-11/95
16
SUBTOTAL
16
IV. Political Science, Social Science, Or Communication Education
Listening Skills
Business Writing Skills
Juneau, AK
Juneau, AK
3/1/97
3/2/97
8
8
SUBTOTAL
16
GRAND TOTAL
132
Documentation is attached (certificates of completion, agenda's, copy of grade reports, etc.). I
certify that I attended and successfully completed all of the above continuing education courses
or sessions.
Submitted by:
Date:
R-10 SUPPLEMENT 2409.17-2008-1
EFFECTIVE DATE: August 18, 2008
DURATION: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.
2409.17_8
Page 36 of 36
FSH 2409.17 – SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 8 – SILVICULTURAL EXAMINATIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
8.5 – EXHIBIT 05
Region 10 Certified Silviculturists
A Certified Silviculturist must review and sign the prescription for each new or revised timber
sale proposal, reforestation project, timber stand improvement project, wildlife or riparian
habitant improvement or restoration thinnings, hazardous fuel reduction projects or any other
vegetation manipulation project within forested ecosystems.
The following individuals are currently Certified Silviculturists and are authorized to write or re
view silvicultural prescriptions.
Tongass
Tongass
Tongass
Tongass
Tongass
RO
Tongass
Tongass
Tongass
Tongass
Tongass
Chugach
Location
Thorne Bay
RD
Sitka RD
Craig RD
Craig RD
KSO
KSO
Wrangell RD
Petersburg
KMRD
Petersburg
Sitka RD
Cordova RD
First Name
Last Name
Position
Expires
Pat
Kent
Gary
Mike
Sheila
Colleen
Mike Reed
Ben
Pat
RD
Pat Heuer
Sue
Tierney
Barkhau
Lawton
Sheets
Spores
Grundy
Reed
Case
Haley
Parks
Heuer
Kesti
Silviculturist
Silviculturist
Plan/Silv
Plan/Silv
Silviculturist
Silviculturist
Silviculturist
Timber
Silviculturist
Silviculturist
Silviculturist
Silviculturist
7/1/2012
1/25/2011
1/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
7/3/2011
10/1/2011
10/12/2011
11/2/2011
1/7/2012
3/3/2012
4/2/2012
It is the responsibility of individuals and their supervisors to be aware of the expiration date of
the certification and to plan for continuation when needed. Regional Office participation in the
revalidation process will be coordinated through the Forest Silviculturist.