SPECIES FACT SHEET
Common Name: Thick costa earth-moss, Emerald dew drops
Scientific Name: Ephemerum crassinervium (Schwagr.) Hampe
Recent synonyms: Phascum crassinervium Schwagr.
Division: Bryophyta
Class: Bryopsida
Order: Funariales
Family: Ephemeraceae
Taxonomic Note: Ephemerum crassinervium var. crassinervium is the
only variety known from Oregon, the other variety, Ephemerum
crassinervium (Schwagr.) Hampe var. texanum (Grout) Bryan & Anderson
occurs only in eastern North America.
Technical Description: Plants minute, yellowish, scattered to
gregarious, growing from an abundant to sparse protonema; leaves long
lanceolate to linear–setaceous, 0.8–1.5 (2.5) mm long, and 0.2 mm wide,
± serrate in the upper half, usually entire below; costa strong, filling the
apex, papillose on dorsal surface; upper median cells oblong-rhomboidal,
papillose; basal cells rectangular 15-30 µm wide and 2-3:1. Dioicous;
capsules, sessile, ovoid, apicluate, cleistocarpous, up to 0.5 mm high;
stomata few, scattered throughout the exothecium; spores spherical,
orange-brown, papillose, 43-107 × 35-75µm.
Distinctive characters: (1) leaf shape, areolation, (2) serration of the
largest leaves, and (3) costate leaves.
Similar species: Ephemerum serratum (Hedw.) Hampe also occurs in
Oregon but can be separated from E. crassinervium by possessing costate
leaves.
Other descriptions and illustrations: Bryan (1957, 2007) Crum &
Anderson (1981).
Life History: Ephemerum crassinervium is an ephemeral species that
completes its entire life cycle within a very short period of time. While
capsules can mature year round they usually mature between early fall
to early spring. The orange-brown spores suggest that they are oil based
which may allow the spores to remain viable in the soil for a long period
of time
Range, Distribution, and Abundance: Ephemerum crassinervium is
known from Oregon, eastern North America, Germany, Japan, and New
Zealand. In the Pacific Northwestern North America it is only known
from Oregon.
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Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center reports Ephemerum
crassinervium from Jackson County in the Klamath Mountain Ecoregion
and Lane Counties in the Willamette Valley Ecoregion.
BLM: Documented on Medford District, Suspected on Eugene
District
USFS: Not documented or suspected.
Habitat Associations: Ephemerum crassinervium occurs on damp
disturbed soil, often in old fields, paths, river banks or spots of open bare
ground.
Threats: Urban growth may be the greatest threat to this species
because of the changing landscape patterns. With fewer farms, old fields
etc. there may be fewer habitats for future colonization. While off road
vehicle may provide open bare patches of soil continued use of an area
could lead to the loss of populations.
Conservation Considerations: This species is rare in Oregon but more
abundant in eastern North America. Because of its small size,
emphermal nature it may often be over looked. Also because many
bryologists do not look in disturbed sites it could be more common than
thought.
Conservation Rankings and Status:
Global: G4, Oregon (S1)
Oregon: ORNHIC List 2
Washington: Not ranked
BLM Sensitive Species in Oregon
Preparer: Judith A. Harpel Ph.D.
Date Completed: October 2008
Revised by Lara Drizd, November 2012
(Revision only adds Attachment 1, Photos).
ATTACHMENTS:
(1)
Photos
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References:
Bryan, V. 2007. Ephemeraceae. in Flora of North America North of
Mexico. Bryophyta Vol. 27 Part 1: 646-653. Oxford Univ. Press.
Oxford
Bryan, V., & L. Anderson. 1957. The Ephemeraceae in North America.
The Bryologist. 60: 67-85.
Crum, H. & L. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of Eastern North America. 2
volumes. Columbia University Press, New York. 1328 pp.
NatureServe Explorer. 2008. An Online Encyclopedia of Life.
http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/
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Attachment 1 – Photos
All photos by J. Harpel, under contract with the Oregon/Washington Bureau of Land
Management.
Sporophyte dry
Whole mount dry
4
Sporophyte
Sporophyte with spores
Spores
5
Whole leaf
Leaf apex
Protonema
6
Upper medial cells
Alar and basal cells
Exothecial cells
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