1
Final Report to the Interagency Special Status / Sensitive Species Program (ISSSSP)
from The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation
SPRING 2012 BLUE MOUNTAINS TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSK SURVEYS
Assistance agreement L08AC13768, Modification 7
Robust lancetooth (Haplotrema vancouverense) from land adjacent to the North Fork Umatilla River, May 15, 2012. Photo by Alexa Carleton.
Field work, background research, and report completed by Sarina Jepsen, Alexa Carleton, and
Sarah Foltz Jordan, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation
Species Identifications and Appendices III and IV completed by Tom Burke, Certified Wildlife
Biologist
September 28, 2012
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Table of Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Survey Protocol……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Sites Surveyed and Survey Results…………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Potential Future Survey Work………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
References Cited……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
Appendix I: Table of sites surveyed and species found…………………………………………………….. 19
Appendix II: Maps of sites surveyed and special status species found……………………………… 24
Appendix III: Discussion of taxa in families: Oreohelicidae and Polygyridae (by T. Burke)… 30
Appendix IV: Descriptions of mollusks collected (by Tom Burke)……………………………………… 47
3
Introduction
Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton (Xerces Society) conducted surveys for terrestrial mollusks in
May of 2012 in the Blue Mountains on land managed by the Umatilla National Forest (Walla
Walla and North Fork John Day Ranger Districts) and the Bureau of Land Management (Vale
District). Tom Burke (Certified Wildlife Biologist) identified all specimens. The surveys targeted
four special status snail species: Blue mountainsnail (Oreohelix strigosa delicata ‐ STR), Umatilla
megomphix (Megomphix lutarius ‐ STR), Humped coin (Polygyrella polygyrella ‐ OR‐STR, WA‐
SEN), and Dryland forestsnail (Allogona ptychophora solida ‐ WA‐STR). Two of the four target
species were found: O. s. delicata was collected from the South Fork Walla Walla River and M.
lutarius was collected from the North Fork John Day River. Before this survey, Megomphix
lutarius was thought to be possibly extinct, as it had not been collected since the 1930s (Baker
1932). In addition to the target species, six other special status species were found on land
managed by the BLM or USFS during this survey, including: Cryptomastix hendersoni (SEN),
Cryptomastix populi (SEN), Helicodiscus salmonaceus (WA‐SEN), Pristiloma idahoense (WA‐STR),
Pristinicola hemphilli (OR‐STR, WA‐SEN), Radiodiscus abietum (SEN). In addition,
morphologically distinct specimens of Oreohelix were collected near the Wenaha River, and
they are suspected to represent a new species.
This survey was a follow‐up effort to snail surveys conducted by Sarina Jepsen and Tom Burke in
the Fall of 2010 (Jepsen et al. 2011). The Fall 2010 surveyors suspected that some snail species
may not have been encountered because there had not been enough precipitation at the time
of the surveys to bring some species out of aestivation. They recommended repeating the
surveys at many of the same sites in the spring. The Spring 2012 surveys were more effective at
encountering the target and other special status snail species than the Fall 2010 surveys.
Future snail survey work is recommended on BLM land along the Wenaha River, BLM land along
the North Fork John Day River, and in Hells Canyon. To the best of the authors’ knowledge,
these areas have not been well surveyed for snails and they are within or close to the suspected
ranges for many special status snail species. In addition, the authors recommend conducting a
genetic analysis of Oreohelix in the Blue Mountains to determine whether the morphologically
distinct individuals found along the Wenaha River represent a new species.
Survey Protocol
Site Selection
We reviewed sites surveyed in the fall of 2010 (Jepsen et al. 2011) and selected sites to revisit
that were snail species rich, including sites along the South Fork Walla Walla River, the South
Fork Umatilla River, and Lime Hill. We also examined the historical collection localities and the
suspected distributions of each of the four target species. We consulted with Tom Burke, a
4
knowledgeable malacologist, about suggested areas to survey. We reviewed the habitat
requirements of each of the target species (summarized in Foltz 2009) and queried Forest
Service and BLM biologists about habitat features – such as talus slopes and basalt outcrops –
that are thought to be associated with some of our target snail species. In order to obtain a
better search image for the habitat that might support Megomphix lutarius, we visited a
historic collection site for this species “about 5 miles above Weston, a few feet from the dry
bed of Pine Creek” (Baker 1932, Figure 1). We did not survey for the species at this site,
because it is currently on private land.
After completing the background work described above, we added sites along the North Fork
Umatilla River, the North Fork John Day River, the Wenaha River, and Joseph Creek to our list of
sites to survey.
Table 1. Historic collection localities for Oreohelix strigosa delicata in Oregon and Washington.
State
County
OR
Umatilla
OR
Umatilla
Location
Walla Walla River Canyon above Milton, four
miles up the south fork (type locality)
Walla Walla River Canyon above Milton, two to
three miles up the south fork (type locality)
Date
Reference
9 July 1946
Pilsbry 1939
9 July 1946
Pilsbry 1939
Table 2. Historic collection localities for Megomphix lutarius in Oregon and Washington.
State
County
Location
Valley of Pine Creek, 0.5‐10
mi above Weston, 640‐915
m alt.
Date
Reference
OR
Umatilla
1931
Academy of Natural Sciences
Philadelphia online database
OR
Umatilla
Weston
1931
Academy of Natural Sciences
Philadelphia online database
OR
Umatilla
Weston
pre‐1914 (no date, but
collected by H. Hemphill,
who died in 1914)
California Academy of
Science online database
Figure 1. Photos of the Pine Creek about 5 miles above the town of Weston, OR, the likely
location where Megomphix lutarius was collected in 1931.
5
Table 3. Historic collection localities for Polygyrella polygyrella in Oregon and Washington.
State
County
Location
east of Milton, 2 to 3 miles up the north fork of the
Walla Walla River
Talus on S. side of Rogersburg Road. Grande Ronde
R.‐Snake R.‐Columbia R., SW of Rogersburg (town
site) (Asotin County), at RM 2.1
Talus on W. side of Snake River Road and Snake
River at RM 168.3 (Asotin County), N. of Heller Bar
OR
Umatilla
WA
Asotin
WA
Asotin
WA
Date
Reference
1931
ANSP online database
19 Aug
1989 and 2
Sept 1990
1 Sept
1990
Columbia
Tributary of NF Touchet River, FS Rd 64 20.5 mi S of
US 12, Umatilla National Forest
20 June
2009
WA
Columbia
Touchet River, site 2‐1
26 Sept
2010
WA
Walla
Walla
15 miles east of Walla Walla
Deixis Collection
2009
Deixis Collection
2009
Leonard 2009 pers.
comm. with S. F.
Jordan
Jepsen et al. 2011
Duncan 2008
Table 4. Historic collection locality for Allogona ptychophora solida in Oregon and Washington.
State
County
WA
Asotin
Location
1.2 miles south of Asotin,
above Snake River Rd.
Date
5 Oct
1986
Reference
Burke, T. 2009. Personal communication with
Sarah Foltz.
Survey Period
The recommended survey period for these snail species is from April to May, after spring melt‐
out, or from September to November, as fall‐winter rains occur, but before first heavy freeze
(Frest & Johannes 1995). We chose to survey during the spring time period, as a follow up to
previous surveys for three of the four target species that occurred in the Fall. We
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communicated with local Forest Service and BLM biologists to make sure snow had melted at
each of our target survey areas.
Sampling Methodology
We used the species specific survey protocol for each of the four target species from Foltz
(2009), which includes identification features, distribution, Federal Units where the species is
suspected or documented, areas where surveys are recommended, habitat where surveys
should take place, commonly associated mollusk species, and general survey methods and
instructions for each species.
We also consulted Duncan et al. 2003 (survey methodology for information on collecting and
storing voucher specimens, and followed the protocol described in section II.B.2.b. Survey
Methods for Talus, Rock and Cave Habitat).
While driving or hiking in each selected region, we looked for key habitat features utilized by
the four target species. When we spotted a key habitat feature, such as a talus slope, basalt
outcrop, or area with persistently high humidity (such as a seep on a rock wall), we began to
survey for mollusks by turning over and examining the undersides of rocks and/or dead wood.
We frequently stopped to survey at sites that had springs or other water sources, especially if
rock outcrops or talus piles were also present at the site. Hand rakes were used to move talus
and aid in searching. The total time spent at each site varied based on our findings. If we spent
15‐20 minutes searching for mollusks and failed to find additional species during that time
period, we left the site and moved on to another site. A Garmin Rino GPS unit was used to
obtain geographic coordinates for each site surveyed.
Methodology for collecting voucher specimens
When mollusks were observed, shells and live specimens were collected in small vials or, in the
case of slugs, in recycled yogurt containers and kept in a cooler with ice. In the evening, small
snails were placed directly in 70% ethanol, whereas large snails were drowned overnight in
water, which caused them to emerge from their shells, then stored in 70% ethanol. After the
field surveys, all collected mollusks were sent to Tom Burke for identification. Tom Burke
reported that some of the large snails apparently retracted into their shells after being placed in
alcohol, suggesting that placement in water overnight was not effective at killing the
specimens. Thus, it was difficult, and in some cases impossible, to examine soft tissues of these
specimens for identification purposes. Large bodied snails collected in future surveys should be
left in water for at least 24 hours before storing in ethanol.
7
Sites Surveyed and Survey Results
A summary table of all sites surveyed and mollusk species collected at each site is provided in
Appendix I. Maps of all sites surveyed with locations of target species and other special status
species encountered can be found in Appendix II. Below we provide some photos and report a
description of each site and any sensitive or strategic mollusk species found at that location.
South Fork Walla Walla River, May 14, 2012
Site 1 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW1), BLM Vale District
This site was surveyed from 11:50 am to 12:40 pm. This site consisted
of a rock outcrop on the left side of the South Fork Walla Walla
trailhead (at the gate to the trailhead). Talus and small seep were
present. Also present are blackberry, horsetail, maple and pacific
ninebark. This site is the same site as SF Walla Walla 2 in Jepsen et al.
2011. Special status species collected at this site include Oreohelix
strigosa delicata (STR) and Cryptomastix hendersoni (SEN).
Site 2 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW2), BLM Vale District
This site was surveyed from 12:45 pm to 1:05 pm. The site
consisted of a seep on the side of the trail opposite from the South
Fork Walla Walla River. Special status species collected at this site
include Oreohelix strigosa delicata (STR) and Cryptomastix
hendersoni (SEN).
Site 3 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW3), BLM Vale District
This site was surveyed from 1:15 pm to 1:40 pm. The site consisted of
a seep on the side of the trail opposite from the South Fork Walla
Walla River. The substrate was soggy and rushes were present. No
special status species were collected at this site.
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Site 4 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW4), BLM Vale District
We surveyed this site from 2:05 pm to 2:20 pm. It consisted of a small
seep along the South Fork Walla Walla trail. No special status species
were found.
Site 5 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW5), BLM Vale District
We surveyed this site from 2:40 pm to 3:00 pm. This site consisted of
a small seep along the South Fork Walla Walla trail. No special status
species were found.
Site 6 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW6), BLM Vale District
We surveyed this site from 3:00 pm to 3:20 pm. The site consisted of
a seep with a rock outcrop and talus on the side of the South Fork
Walla Walla River trail. No special status species were found.
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Site 7 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW7), BLM Vale District
We surveyed this site, which consisted of a rock outcrop along the
South Fork Walla Walla River trail, from 3:45 pm to 4:00 pm. No special
status species were found at this site.
Site 8 – SF Walla Walla River (SFWW8), BLM Vale District
We surveyed this site, which consisted of a rock outcrop in a forested
area along the South Fork Walla Walla River trail, from 4:05 pm to 4:20
pm. No special status species were found at this site.
North Fork Umatilla River, May 15, 2012
Site 1 – NF Umatilla River (NFUMA1), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 10:45 am to 11:30 am. The site consisted of
a rock outcrop on the north side of the trail that follows the North Fork
Umatilla River. There was a spring upwelling at the base of the site, as
well as a small stream, mossy rocks, dry talus, fern, and snowberry.
Special status species collected at this site include: Cryptomastix
hendersoni (SEN) and Radiodiscus abietum (SEN).
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Site 2 – NF Umatilla River (NFUMA2), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 12:00 pm to 12:10 pm. This site consists of a
rock outcrop on the side of the trail that follows the North Fork Umatilla
River. This site was fairly dry and no mollusks were observed.
Site 3– NF Umatilla River (NFUMA3), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 1:00 pm to 1:15 pm. This site consists of a
small spring or temporary stream by a downed log on the north side of
the trail. Wild ginger, snowberry, strawberry and Douglas fir were
present. One special status species was observed: Pristinicola hemphilli
(OR‐STR/WA‐SEN).
Site 4– NF Umatilla River (NFUMA4), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 1:15 pm to 1:30 pm. This site
consisted of a wet area on the north side of the trail with small
rocks, nettle, fern, mosses, Douglas fir, maple, and horsetail.
No special status mollusks were encountered.
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South Fork Umatilla River, May 15, 2012
Site 1 – SF Umatilla River (SFUMA1), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 9:30 am to 10:15 am. The site consisted of a
grassy, rocky hillside along the road with multiple seeps throughout.
This survey site is immediately across from Forks Campground, just past
the confluence of the north and south forks of the Umatilla River.
Moss, fern, wild ginger, and snowberry were present. Pristiloma
idahoense (WA‐STR) was collected from this site.
Site 2 – SF Umatilla River (SFUMA2), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
This site was surveyed from 2:15 pm to 2:30 pm. It consisted of a seep
on the side of the road that follows the South Fork Umatilla River.
Rushes, horsetail, and teasel present. There was a rock face with water
trickling over it in many places and a pile of talus. Cryptomastix
hendersoni (SEN) was collected from this site.
Site 3 – SF Umatilla River (SFUMA3), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 3:00 pm to 3:30 pm. This site consisted of
seeps on a rock face on the north side of the road with some talus at
the base. We collected Cryptomastix hendersoni (SEN) from this site.
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Site 4 – SF Umatilla River (SFUMA4), USFS Walla Walla Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 3:40 pm to 4:00 pm. The site consisted of a
rock outcrop along the road that follows the South Fork Umatilla River,
with some talus at the base of the site. We did not encounter any
special status mollusk species at this site.
North Fork John Day River, May 16, 2012
Site 1 – NF John Day River (NFJD1), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 7:15 am to 7:40 am. This site consists of a
rock outcrop and talus slope on FS Rd. 5500. Ponderosa pine is present.
Four shells of Megomphix lutarius (STR) were collected from this site.
This finding is significant, as prior to this survey, this species had not
been collected since the 1930s (Baker 1932).
Site 2 – NF John Day River (NFJD2), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 8:00 am to 8:45 am. This site
consists of a rock outcrop with a waterfall, some talus, shrubs
and scattered ponderosa pine. We collected 1 live
Megomphix lutarius (STR) and 7 M. lutarius shells. Again, this
is a significant finding because the species had not been
collected in approximately 80 years and was considered to be
possibly extinct.
13
Site 3 – NF John Day River (NFJD3), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
This site was surveyed from 9:30 am to 9:45 am. No photo was taken at this site. This site
consists of a spring within a heavily wooded area. Only one snail was found on a wet log at this
site.
Site 4 – NF John Day River (NFJD4), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
This site was surveyed from 9:50 am to 10:35 am. It consists of
a steep slope with moss covered rocks, and fir and ponderosa
pine trees. No special status mollusk species were collected
from this site.
Site 5 – NF John Day River (NFJD5), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
This site was surveyed from 10:45 am to 11:15 am. The site consists of
a rock slide on a steep slope; many of the rocks were covered with
moss. Pacific ninebark and other scattered shrubs were present. No
mollusks were collected from this site.
Site 6 – NF John Day River (NFJD6), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 11:40 am to 11:55 am. This site consisted of
a rockslide on a slope with moss, scattered larch, ponderosa pines and
Douglas fir trees. No special status mollusk species were collected from
this site.
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Site 7 – NF John Day River (NFJD7), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 12:35 pm to 12:50 pm. This site consisted of
basalt columns dripping with water, moss, mimulus, thick shrubs and
scattered Douglas fir. We did not find any mollusks at this site
Site 8a – NF John Day River (NFJD8a), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
We surveyed this site (as well as site 8b) from 1:20 pm to
1:35 pm. This site consisted of a rock slide adjacent to
the North Fork John Day River. Red twig dogwood was
present among the rocks. No mollusks were collected
from this site.
Site 8b – NF John Day River (NFJD8b), USFS – North Fork John Day Ranger District
We surveyed this site from 1:20 pm to 1:35 pm. This site consists of a
rock wall with loose rocks below. This site is along a decommissioned
road, and directly above the rock slide described above (Site 8a). No
special status mollusks were collected at this site.
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Wenaha River, May 17, 2012
We believed that we were on BLM land when conducting these surveys. Unfortunately, we
were ~0.6 miles outside of BLM land. Because a potential new species of Oreohelix was
collected at Site 1, we recommend future surveys on BLM land adjacent to the Wenaha River.
Site 1 – Wenaha River (Wenaha1), Private land (~0.6 miles east of BLM Vale District)
We surveyed this site from 10:00
am to 12:30 pm. This site consisted
of a south facing slope adjacent to
the Wenaha River. We accessed
this site via a trail head just outside
of the town of Troy. The site
consisted of the dry bed of an
ephemeral creek among a grassy
hillside with a few scattered
ponderosa pines. We surveyed under rocks where moisture remained. We found many snails
under the rocks on the dry hillside, as well as under the rocks in the dry creek bed. We found
Cryptomastix hendersoni (SEN) at this site, as well as a potentially new species of Oreohelix.
Oreohelix specimens collected from this site are morphologically distinct from other species of
Oreohelix, and Tom Burke identified them as representing a new species of Oreohelix (See
Appendix V: Oreohelicidae).
Site 2 – Wenaha River (Wenaha2), Private land (approximately 0.6 miles east of BLM Vale
District)
We surveyed this site from 12:05 p.m. to 1:05 p.m. The site consisted of
a spring on the side of a trail following the Wenaha River. Snails were
collected from vegetation where the ground was wet. There was poison
ivy present. The spring was upwelling. We collected Cryptomastix
hendersoni (SEN) from this site.
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Site 3 – Wenaha River (Wenaha3), Private land (approximately 0.6 miles east of BLM Vale
District)
We surveyed this site from 1:15 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. This site consisted of
a dry creek bed under ponderosa pines, and along a trail that follows
the Wenaha River. We did not encounter any special status mollusk
species at this site.
Joseph Creek, May 18, 2012
Site 1 – Joseph Creek (Joseph1), WDFW (approximately 150 meters north of BLM Vale District)
We intended to conduct surveys at this site on BLM land, but excessive
poison ivy along Joseph Creek prevented us from reaching BLM land.
We surveyed one site from 9:40 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. This site was at the
mouth of Joseph canyon. It consisted of a rocky area that may be the
bed of an ephemeral creek. This site is just above Joseph Creek. We
found 2 shells of Helicodiscus salmonaceous (WA‐SEN). A monarch
butterfly was also observed during this survey.
Lime Hill, May 18, 2012
Site 1 – Lime Hill (Lime Hill1), BLM Vale District
We surveyed this site from 12:25 p.m. to 1:15 p.m.
The site consists of a rocky slope with sandy soil
adjacent to the Snake River. We collected the
following special status mollusk species:
Helicodiscus salmonaceous (WA‐SEN) and
Cryptomastix populi (SEN).
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Potential Future Survey Work
Future snail surveys are recommended on BLM land along the Wenaha River, BLM land along
the North Fork John Day River, and in the vicinity of Hells Canyon. To the best of the authors’
knowledge, these areas have not been well surveyed for snails and they are within or close to
the suspected ranges for many special status snail species. We considered surveying within
Hells Canyon for Allogona ptychophora solida, but most of the potentially suitable habitat is
most easily accessed by boat, and we did not have the capacity to conduct surveys by boat this
year. In addition, the authors recommend conducting a genetic analysis of Oreohelix in the Blue
Mountains to determine whether the morphologically distinct individuals found along the
Wenaha River represent a new species.
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to Melissa Yzquierdo (Vale District BLM, Baker Resources Area), Holly
Harris (Umatilla National Forest, Walla Walla Ranger District), and Randy Scarlett (Umatilla
National Forest, John Day Ranger District) for their assistance in selecting sites to survey,
coordinating site access, and providing maps. In addition, Randy Scarlett joined us for one day
of surveys; we very much appreciate him sharing his knowledge of the habitat around the
North Fork John Day.
References Cited
Academy of Natural Sciences Malacology Collection online database. Available at:
http://clade.ansp.org/malacology/collections/search.php; Accessed September 2012.
Baker, HB. 1932. New land snails from Idaho and eastern Oregon. The Nautilus 45: 82‐87.
California Academy of Sciences invertebrate zoology online database. Available at:
http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/i
zg/iz_coll_db/index.asp; Accessed September 2012.
Deixis collection. 2009. An unpublished collection of mollusk records maintained by Ed
Johannes.
Duncan, N., Burke, T., Dowlan, S., and P. Hohenlohe. 2003. Survey protocol for survey and
manage terrestrial mollusk species from the Northwest Forest Plan. Version 3.0 U.S.
Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon / Washington and U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 6, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 70 pp.
[Available on ISSSSP intranet site].
18
Duncan, N. 2008. Polygyrella polygyrella. Species Fact Sheet. Interagency Special
Status/Sensitive Species Program. Unpublished document.
Foltz, S. 2009. Survey protocols for twenty strategic mollusk species from Washington and
Oregon. Prepared for the Interagency Special Status / Sensitive Species Program (ISSSSP) by the
Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Available by request from ISSSSP or the Xerces
Society.
Frest & Johannes 1995. . Interior Columbia Basin mollusk species of special concern. Final
report: Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, Walla Walla, WA. Contract
#43‐0E00‐4‐9112. 274 pp. plus appendices.
Jepsen, S., Burke, T., and S.F. Jordan. 2011. Final Report to the Interagency Special Status /
Sensitive Species Program regarding Surveys for four terrestrial mollusk species on the Umatilla
National Forest and Vale District BLM lands. Report submitted by The Xerces Society for
Invertebrate Conservation.
Leonard, W. 2009. Personal communication with Sarah Foltz. Richart, C. 2009. Personal
communication with Sarah Foltz.
Pilsbry, H.A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico), Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 3, vol 1(1): l‐574.
19
Appendix I. Table of sites surveyed and species found.
DATE
5/14/2012
SITE
SFWW1
SPECIES
Oreohelix strigosa delicata
ISSSSP
STATUS
STR
Cryptomastix hendersoni
SEN
LIVE
2
2
Deroceras reticulatum
1
Haplotrema vancouverense
1
STR
Cryptomastix hendersoni
SEN
5/14/2012
SFWW3
5/14/2012
SFWW4
5/14/2012
SFWW5
SFWW6
N45.83028; W-118.16601
Umatilla, OR
BLM- Vale
District
N45.82936; W-118.16349
Umatilla, OR
BLM- Vale
District
N45.82691; W-118.16184
Umatilla, OR
BLM- Vale
District
N45.82555; W-118.15783
Umatilla, OR
BLM- Vale
District
N45.82685; W-118.15427
BLM- Vale
District
BLM- Vale
District
N45.82798; W-118.15485
3
2
1
2
5
1
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
1
Vertigo sp (subadult)
1
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
2
Haplotrema vancouverense
1
Deroceras reticulatum
2
1
Allogona ptychophora
5/14/2012
BLM- Vale
District
8
3
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Haplotrema vancouverense
Umatilla, OR
LOCATION
N45.83068; W-118.16882
3
Oreohelix strigosa delicata (imm.)
Anguispira kochi
LAND
OWNERSHIP
BLM- Vale
District
1
Cryptomastix sp. (juvenile)
SFWW2
COUNTY,
STATE
Umatilla, OR
3
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Cryptomastix sp. (immature)
5/14/2012
SHELL
3
1
Cochlicopa lubrica
Haplotrema vancouverense
3
Limax maximus
1
1
5/14/2012
SFWW7
Microphysula ingersoli
1
Umatilla, OR
5/14/2012
SFWW8
Haplotrema vancouverense
2
Umatilla, OR
N45.83254; W-118.14175
20
DATE
5/15/2012
SITE
NFUMA1
SPECIES
Cryptomastix hendersoni
ISSSSP
STATUS
SEN
Radiodiscus abietum
SEN
NFUMA2
5/15/2012
NFUMA3
1
5
5/15/2012
NFUMA4
SFUMA1
3
Zonitoides arboreas
1
No mollusks collected
OR
STR/WA
SEN
3
1
Zonitoides arboreas
WA-STR
2
Arion rufus
3
Arion subfuscus
3
3
Cryptomastix sp. (imm.)
1
SEN
1
3
3
Paralaoma servilis
1
Vitrina pellucida
1
Cryptomastix sp. (immature)
Cryptomastix sp. (juv.)
N45.73077; W-118.16321
USFS- Walla
Walla Ranger
District
N45.71788; W -118.18966
Umatilla, OR
1
Cochlicopa lubrica
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
USFS- Walla
Walla Ranger
District
USFS- Walla
Walla Ranger
District
Umatilla, OR
N45.73104; N-118.16424
N45.72184; W-118.18591
1
Zonitoides arboreas
Cryptomastix hendersoni
N45.72738; W-118.17644
LOCATION
N45.72712; W-118.18438
4
Microphysula ingersoli
SFUMA2
USFS- Walla
Walla Ranger
District
USFS- Walla
Walla Ranger
District
Umatilla, OR
1
Haplotrema vancouverense
5/15/2012
Umatilla, OR
3
Nesovitrea electrina
Pristiloma idahoense
LAND
OWNERSHIP
USFS- Walla
Walla Ranger
District
1
Microphysula ingersoli
Pristinicola hemphilli
COUNTY,
STATE
Umatilla, OR
1
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Pisidium sp. (pea clam)
5/15/2012
SHELL
Cochlicopa lubrica
Haplotrema vancouverense
5/15/2012
LIVE
2
1
7
4
Physella (immature)
14
Physidae (hatchling)
1
Umatilla, OR
21
DATE
5/15/2012
SITE
SFUMA3
SPECIES
Cryptomastix hendersoni
ISSSSP
STATUS
SEN
LIVE
Ariolimax columbianus (juv)
1
Arion subfuscus
2
2
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
SFUMA4
Cryptomastix sp. (juveniles)
2
Arion rufus
1
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
3
LAND OWNERSHIP
USFS- Walla Walla
Ranger District
LOCATION
N45.71512; W 118.19228
Umatilla,
OR
USFS- Walla Walla
Ranger District
N45.70166; W118.20497
Umatilla,
OR
Umatilla,
OR
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
N45.00348; W118.91666
N45.01672; W118.86607
Grant, OR
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
N44.98879; W118.82746
N44.98871; W118.82729
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
USFS- North Fork John
Day Ranger District
N44.98806; W118.82747
N44.98853; W118.82487
N45.01331; W118.89157
N44.99414; W118.93221
N44.99378; W118.93248
1
1
Haplotrema vancouverense
1
Cryptomastix sp. (immature)
3
5/16/2012
NFJD1
Megomphix lutarius
STR
5/16/2012
NFJD2
Megomphix lutarius
STR
Deroceras reticulatum
COUNTY,
STATE
Umatilla,
OR
1
Cochlicopa lubrica
5/15/2012
SHELL
1
4
1
7
1
3
Vitrina pellucida
5/16/2012
NFJD3
Zonitoides arboreas
1
5/16/2012
NFJD4
Anguispira kochi
6
Euconulus fulvus
3
5/16/2012
NFJD5
No mollusks collected
5/16/2012
NFJD6
Microphysula ingersoli
5/16/2012
NFJD7
No mollusks collected
Grant, OR
5/16/2012
NFJD8a
No mollusks collected
Grant, OR
5/16/2012
NFJD8b
Euconulus fulvus
2
Grant, OR
Grant, OR
1
1
1
Grant, OR
Grant, OR
22
DATE
5/17/2012
5/17/2012
5/17/2012
5/18/2012
SITE
WENAHA1
WENAHA2
WENAHA3
Joseph 1
SPECIES
Cryptomastix hendersoni
Allogona ptychophora ptychophora
Cochlicopa lubrica
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Vallonia cyclophorella
Vitrina pellucida
Oreohelix (Wenaha mtnsnail)- new sp.
Allogona ptychophora
Allogona ptychophora (immature)
Cryptomastix (juvenile)
Cryptomastix sp. (broken)
Cryptomastix sp. (immature)
Oreohelix (juv.)
Cryptomastix hendersoni
Allogona ptychophora ptychophora
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Allogona ptychophora (juvenile)
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Vitrina pellucida
Allogona ptychophora (juvenile)
Cryptomastix sp. (juvenile)
Helicodiscus salmonaceus
Allogona ptychophora ptychophora
Cochlicopa lubrica
Cryptomastix magnidentata
Cryptomastix sanburni
Oreohelix strigosa strigosa
Oreohelix strigosa strigosa (imm.)
Vallonia cyclophorella
Allogona ptychophora (imm.)
Cryptomastix sp. (immature)
Cryptomastix sp. (juv.)
Oreohelix (juv.)
ISSSSP
STATUS
SEN
LIVE
1
8
1
3
10
2
SHELL
3
8
COUNTY,
STATE
Wallowa, OR
LAND OWNERSHIP
Private land;
approximately 0.6
miles east of BLM
Vale District
LOCATION
N45.94767; W-117.47557
Wallowa, OR
Private land;
approximately 0.5
miles east of BLM
Vale District
N45.94720; W-117.47777
Wallowa, OR
Private land;
approximately 0.3
miles east of BLM
Vale District
N45.94740; -117.48245
Asotin, WA
State Dept of Fish
and Wildlife;
approximately 150
meters north of BLM
Vale District
N46.01437; W-117.05964
16
3
18
14
6
2
7
11
SEN
2
1
1
8
3
3
3
2
1
2
1
WA-SEN
1
4
1
2
3
1
17
1
23
22
1
2
1
6
24
23
DATE
5/18/2012
SITE
Lime Hill
1
SPECIES
Helicodiscus salmonaceus
ISSSSP
STATUS
WA-SEN
Cryptomastix populi
SEN
12
Cryptomastix populi (immature)
SEN
8
LIVE
SHELL
1
6
Allogona ptychophora ptychophora
10
Cochlicopa lubrica
17
Oreohelix idahoensis baileyi
Pupilla hebes
2
17
Vallonia cyclophorella
1
28
Vitrina pellucida
2
10
Polygyrid (hatchlings)
2
COUNTY,
STATE
Asotin, WA
LAND
OWNERSHIP
BLM- Vale
District
LOCATION
N46.07134; W-116.95508
24
Appendix II: Maps of sites surveyed and special status species found
Figure 2. Map of all sites surveyed in 2012.
25
Figure 3. Map of sites surveyed adjacent to the South Fork Walla Walla River and all special status mollusk species that were
encountered.
26
Figure 4. Map of sites surveyed adjacent to the North and South Forks of the Umatilla River and all special status mollusk species
that were encountered.
27
Figure 5. Map of sites surveyed adjacent to the North Fork John Day River and all special status mollusk species that were
encountered.
28
Figure 6. Map of sites surveyed adjacent to the Wenaha River and all special status mollusk species that were encountered.
29
Figure 7. Map of sites surveyed adjacent to Joseph Creek and at Lime Hill, and all special status mollusk species that were
encountered.
30
Appendix III. Discussion of taxa of the families Oreohelicidae and Polygyridae by Tom Burke.
FAMILY OREOHELICIDAE
OREOHELIX
Four varieties of Oreohelix were collected during the surveys of spring, 2012. Only one subspecies, Oreohelix idahoensis baileyi was
found during the surveys of fall, 2010, and it was represented only by shells. The oreohelices are generally species of arid lands.
They are more easily found during the wet seasons or after several days of rain. It appears that during the dry periods, they are in
aestivation. The fall, 2010 surveys were done a week or so after a short rainy spell, but apparently it was not enough to bring the
oreohelices out of aestivation. Apparently, this year's spring surveys were performed before the summer aestivation had begun.
The question that remains is, since there were so many empty shells found this spring, why were none found in the fall of 2010.
The occurrence of O. idahoensis baileyi shells is different. They were found in generally the same area during the fall and the spring
surveys; however, of the thousands of shells scattered over the slopes in the area, no live specimens were found during either
survey. Mr. Edward Johannes of Deixis Consultants, asked me whether any living specimens of this species were found, and he said
that they had not found live ones either and considered that these were all fossil shells. It would be an interesting study to
determine whether or not a living population of this subspecies could be located.
During these surveys, all of the Oreohelix of a given species or subspecies were collected from the same areas: O. strigosa strigosa
from Joseph Canyon; O. strigosa delicata from the South Fork Walla Walla; O. idahoensis baileyi from Lime Hill, and the undescribed
Oreohelix from the Wenaha Watershed.
31
The three un‐ribbed Oreohelix for size comparison:
Oreohelix strigosa delicata — Oreohelix strigosa strigosa — Oreohelix undescribed species
Oreohelix strigosa strigosa Gould, 1846
Rocky Mountainsnail
Joseph Canyon, Asotin Co., Washington. Mouth of Joseph Canyon, rocky site along Joseph Creek. Excessive Poison Ivy.
Oreohelix strigosa is a widespread and variable species, so the following description is for the population encountered during these
surveys and may not be exactly the same for all other populations. All of the Oreohelix from this watershed were of the typical
Oreohelix strigosa. They are larger and much lighter colored than the ones from the SF Walla Walla. They lack any ribs or distinct
peripheral carina although the periphery is angled (sharply so in juvenile and immature specimens). Lots examined included 5
containers, with 72 specimens including adults, immatures juveniles and shell fragments. A composite description of the mature
shells follows.
With 5 to 6 whorls the shells measure 13.6 to 21.8 mm by 11.86 to 14.2 mm high. The umbilici are ¹⁄₅ to ¼ the width of the shell.
32
Height of the spire varies among O. strigosa, however from this watershed they are mostly moderately elevated and convexly‐conic;
only a few have a somewhat lower spire. The periphery is well angled in front of the aperture and becomes round in the last half
whorl. The umbilicus is funnelform, increasing in size slowly and regularly. The color is light brown on the earlier whorls, becoming
lighter to brownish‐gray on the last whorl and corneous‐white basally. The typical dark brown bands of Oreohelix vary in width,
quite narrow or somewhat wider and with or without fainter supernumerary bands. Most, in this population, have a narrow, white
peripheral band, or a few are all white between the dark bands.
The protoconch of about 2½ whorls is smooth for one‐half to one whorl then with fine growth striae or wrinkles and with or without
fine spiral striae. The teleoconch has moderately coarse but low growth wrinkles, and most lack any spiral striae.
12‐150a Oreohelix strigosa strigosa (width 20.2 mm.)
33
12‐150b Oreohelix strigosa strigosa (width 19.4 mm.)
Oreohelix strigosa delicata Pilsbry, 1934
Blue Mountains Mountainsnail
The following is quoted from one paragraph in Pilsbry (1939), with statements separated and reorganized for easier understanding
while examining specimens:
Pilsbry (1939) said of this subspecies, “…the spiral striation is often strongly developed above and beneath, producing a much more
distinct granulation than in typical strigosa. The dark bands are often weak or wanting; the shell is rather thin, and as usual, variable
in degree of depression.” He described specimens from the South Fork of the Walla Walla as being larger than those from the North
Fork. The ones from this survey are from the South Fork, but fit Pilsbry’s description of the North Fork population perfectly.
“While this form is as distinct in appearance as many named subspecies of Oreohelix, it seems likely that its features of texture and
size are ecologic, a response to the situation on lava. The genitalia agree with typical O. strigosa (Pilsbry, 1939).” As distinct as these
specimens appear, makes one wonder if genetic analysis might not elevate then to full species status.
Description of specimens from the South Fork of the Walla Walla River 5/14/2012:
The specimens from the SF Walla Walla River sites are all small, thin‐shelled, and fit Pilsbry’s description as given above. The one
questionable feature is whether these are actually a separate subspecies, as questioned by Pilsbry, or are they merely juvenile snails.
Given that all of the specimens from this watershed were of similar size and description, and all of the specimens collected from
other watersheds during this survey were either larger, mature, or obviously immature snails, implies that these are actually the
subspecies that Pilsbry described as O. strigosa delicata. Indeed, these snails are so uniquely distinct, it is a wonder that Pilsbry
questioned his subspecific determination. A composite description of the adults and subadults of 5 lots, which included 8 specimens
(3 adults, 2 subadults and 3 juveniles) follows.
34
Specimens from the SF Walla Walla are all small for the species. The number of whorls ranged from 4⅔ to 5½, most having just
under 5 whorls. Their size ranged from 10.1 to 14.4 mm wide by 6.6 to 8.1 mm high. The umbilici ranged from about ¹⁄₅ to ¼ the
width of the shell. These specimens are more the size and description of those from the North Fork of the Walla Walla, as given by
Pilsbry (1934 & 1939).
The spire is moderately elevated and convexly‐conic. The periphery of the body whorl is generally strongly angled in front of the
aperture, then rounded for the last ½ to ⅛ whorl. This and the approximately 5 or more whorls, indicate that, although small for the
species, these specimens are mature or nearly so. The shells are generally thin; their color is dark brown with slightly darker spiral
bands, which are indistinct or barely distinguishable. Spiral striae are distinct or prominent on all of these shells.
12‐019 Oreohelix strigosa delicata (width 10.1 mm.)
Oreohelix idahoensis baileyi Bartch, 1916
Lime Hill, Asotin County, Washington. Rocky slopes adjacent to Snake River.
These are a small snail with a high‐spired, solid, and ribbed shell. They were found in generally the same area during the fall and the
spring surveys; however, of the thousands of shells in the area, no live specimens were found during either survey.
35
The largest shell among the specimens from the May, 2012 collection, measured 11.26 mm wide by 8.33 mm high (the height being
74% of the width). The umbilicus was ¹⁄₅ the width. The spire is high, the whorls round and terraced; the last whorl descends well
below the periphery. The shell is solid and white with no apparent colored bands. Ribs are strong, and there is a distinct peripheral
carina. The aperture is roundly lunate, slightly elliptical. The umbilicus is open and funnelform, expanding slowly. Spiral and radial
striae begin with the body whorl and form a checkered pattern between the major ribs, that is most obvious basally.
Frest (1999) designated this snail Oreohelix new sp. 18, which he called the Lime Point mountainsnail. He stated that it differs from
baileyi in being “larger, more strongly turbiniform; has less convex whorls; and has a much narrower umbilicus.” These two
populations are separated by the Snake River and should be studied further, but the shell characteristics are variable and may or
may not indicate separate species. Frest also compared this snail with his Sheep Gulch mountainsnail, Oreohelix n. sp. 20, which
lacks the carinate periphery.
10‐131 Oreohelix idahoensis baileyi (width 12.2 mm.)
Oreohelix undescribed species
Wenaha Mountainsnail
Wenaha Watershed, Wallowa County, Oregon. Surveyed steep south slope adjacent to Wenaha River, rocky hillside under rocks,
grasses, and scattered pines. Also damp creek bottom.
36
Two vials contained 13 shells and two contained 3 preserved specimens. However, of the preserved specimens, I was able to extract
only part of the body of a single specimen. It is quite hardened possibly from alcohol that was too strong. The other two specimens
were completely withdrawn into their shells.
After searching literature, including reports of Deixis Consultants, I showed a specimen to Edward Johannes of Deixis Consultants,
and he did not recognize it as any of the new species that they had reported.
Specimen #12‐097a and c, and 12‐106a were the only unbroken adult shells in these lots.
With 4¾ to 5 ¼ whorls the shells measure 14 to 15 mm wide by 8 to 9 mm high; the height equals about 55% to 60% of the width.
The spire is rather low until the last half whorl, which descends to below the periphery and continues descending to the aperture.
The aperture is round with a thin, straight lip, and is positioned more basally than laterally. The shell is light corneous‐brown
becoming white on the body whorl and base. There is a medium brown colored periostracum on the immature shells that appears
to erode away by adulthood. The reddish‐brown bands are in the form of flammules with streaks extending above the dorsal band
and below the sub‐peripheral band. These bands are less apparent before the periostracum sloughs off. The umbilicus is
funnelform, expanding regularly and somewhat evenly to the aperture. The protoconch is about 2½ whorls, with very fine, scattered
granules on the first whorl and fine growth striae beginning with the second whorl. The teleoconch has distinct low growth wrinkles
which become coarser on the body whorl. Immature shells have quite distinct, fine spiral and radial striations which are only seen in
irregular patches on the adult shells.
37
12‐106 Oreohelix undescribed species (width 15.1 mm.)
FAMILY POLYGYRIDAE
ALLOGONA
Allogona in the Pacific Northwest include three species: Allogona townsendiana (2 subspecies A. townsendiana townsendiana and A.
townsendiana frustrationis) is the largest, occurring in western Washington and northwestern Oregon; A. lombardii, which occurs in
Idaho County, Idaho, can attain the size of smaller townsendiana; Allogona ptychophora (2 subspecies) occurs from the Cascade
Range in British Columbia into northern Oregon and east to the Continental Divide. A. ptychophora solida, the target subspecies is
known only from Nez Perce and Lewis counties, Idaho and is suspected in Asotin County, Washington where some of the species are
of the size and have some characteristics of solida. All of the Allogona from this survey appear to be A. ptychophora ptychophora
(see Specimen Descriptions from laboratory examinations).
38
Allogona ptychophora solida (left); Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (right)
Allogona ptychophora ptychophora
Shells with 5½ to 6¼ whorls measure 18 to 24 mm wide by 12 to 18 mm high. The spire is moderately elevated; the aperture
is roundly‐lunate with a relatively narrowly reflected peristome; and it is narrowly umbilicate. It is sculptured with very fine
rib‐like structures. The shell color ranges from straw to, more commonly, fairly dark brown.
Allogona ptychophora solida
Shells with about 5½ whorls measure 18 to 23 mm wide by 11 to 13 mm high. The spire is relatively low; the aperture is
more oval with a more widely reflected and often somewhat recurved peristome. The umbilicus may be slightly wider than
that of ptychophora. The rib‐like sculpturing is much weaker. The shell is generally light to dark brown.
39
CRYPTOMASTIX
Species of Cryptomastix are rather difficult to distinguish. The collections from the Blue Mountains in May 14 through 18, 2012,
contained at least 5 species as described below.
Pilsbry (1940) said that all of the juvenile Cryptomastix have fine hairs on the shells. These, “are lost in the adult stage (except in T.
mallani tuckeri and T. germana), but in most if not all races they are represented in some examples by spaced papillae or ‘hair scars’
in oblique trends…. Many fresh adult individuals show none” Of the distinct species, Pilsbry said that T. devia, sanburni and mullani
appear as well differentiated species; but the rest may all prove to be races and intergrades of the mullani stock.
Since Pilsbry’s extensive work of over 70 years ago, some revision has been made to the taxonomy of Cryptomastix. The subgenus
Cryptomastix of Pilsbry (1939) has been elevated to genus, and of the species represented in the Xerces Society sample from May,
2012, Cryptomastix mullani hendersoni, and C. mullani magnidentata have been elevated to full species. In work by Deixis
Consultants (Frest, 1999 and Frest and Johannes, 1995) additional species are reported to have periostracal hairs as adults, and
some additional new species are reported.
While examining species of the Xerces Society collection, I found (as Pilsbry stated) “that intergradations are extensive.” This is well
known by anyone who has worked at all with Cryptomastix. Since there is so much variation between species I will endeavor to
describe, to the extent possible, the shell characteristics for which I examined the specimens in order to place them into one of the
following species. However, the variation in some of these shells intergraded completely between the species.
In the discussion below, I have grouped the species by their similarities. Cryptomastix hendersoni was formerly a subspecies of C.
mullani, and here it is grouped with C. mullani olneyae. C. populi is placed next because it lacks apertural dentition as does C.
hendersoni. However, that is the only distinct similarity between them. Cryptomastix magnidentata was also formerly considered a
subspecies of C. mullani, but it is more similar in appearance to C. sanburni.
40
Cryptomastix mullani olneyae
Up to 5½ whorls; width 11 to 19 mm. Spire low to moderately elevated. Constricted before the peristome. Aperture wide,
bidentate with a moderate cusp on the basal ridge. Parietal tooth of medium size rather triangular. Peristome revolute. Umbilicus
narrow, contained 6 to 7 times in the shell width. Weak or obsolete spiral striae. Few hair scars if any.
The above description is of the typical taxon. The shells from these surveys that were identified to this subspecies showed much
variation: 1) The parietal tooth varied from nearly nonexistent to nearly as large as in the typical taxon. I found the shape of the
aperture with the basal and outer‐palatal folds to be more useful in identifying these specimens. 2) The peristome of C. mullani
subspecies (and some other Cryptomastix) is normally revolute, sometimes very tightly rolled back. This was not as distinct among
these specimens. The revolute or recurved edge of the peristome was broken away in many, but under close examination it often
appeared that the lip was more widely reflected and strongly recurved than revolute. This is not too unusual, but I found that the
peristomes of what appeared to be C. hendersoni were often very similar to those of the C. mullani olneyae from these surveys. 3)
The periostracal hairs are normally lost from these species by adulthood. However, several of both C. mullani olneyae and C.
hendersoni had retained the hairs into adulthood. Frest (1999) discussed other Cryptomastix (other than C. mullani tuckeri and C.
germana) that are still hirsute as adults. Notably for this study, C. magnidentata (discussed under that species) and C. clappi.
Cryptomastix clappi is a species of the mid and lower Salmon River Valley in Idaho, not too far distance from these survey areas.
However, I did not find that any of these specimens appeared to be of that species. I also reviewed reports by Frest (1999) and Frest
and Johannes (1985) and found that although they reported seven new species of Cryptomastix in those studies, none of them
appeared to be similar to these two snails. Considering the plasticity of the shells of these snails, it is likely that during the time of
these surveys (spring), these snails were just maturing and had not yet lost their hairs.
41
#12‐114 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae and #12‐017 showing more typical revolute peristome. Note the typical bidentate aperture.
Cryptomastix hendersoni
5⅓ to 5½ whorls; width 14 to 16 mm. Spire low to low‐medium. Fairly strong constriction before the peristome. Aperture
wide oval with slight if any basal cusp. Parietal tooth absent or quite small. Peristome narrowly reflected and recurved at the edge.
Umbilicus narrow, contained 9‐10 times in the width of the shell. Weak or very faint spiral striae. No hairs apparent.
#12‐047 Cryptomastix hendersoni; Note the lack of apertural dentition.
42
Periostracal hairs on #12‐047
Cryptomastix hendersoni, more
unusual for this species than for
C. mullani olneyae, on some of
which they were also found.
As with C. mullani olneyae, this species showed considerable variation from the typical characteristics. I found the lack of or reduced
size of lip dentition in the aperture to be the most useful in distinguishing this taxon.
Pilsbry (1940) gave the range of C. hendersoni as from The Dalles east through southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon
to Adams County, Idaho, and one site 3 miles north of Yakima. However, Frest and Johannes (1995) believed that its range included
only the middle and eastern Columbia Gorge including Hood River, Wasco and Sherman counties, Oregon and Skamania and Klickitat
counties, Washington, and that the reports from farther east were a different taxon. Dr. Frest once told me that he considered that
C. hendersoni was toothless, and that those with a parietal tooth are a different taxon. He did not list the different taxon as one of
his new species. Whatever the outcome of this debate, a species appearing to fit Pilsbry’s description of C. hendersoni occurs farther
up the Columbia at least as far as Chelan County, Washington.
Cryptomastix populi
5½ whorls; width 17 to 18 mm x 9 mm high; Spire quite low, convexly‐conic. Little or no constriction before the Peristome.
Aperture wide, ovally‐lunate; no dentition. Peristome revolute or nearly so. Umbilicus narrow, contained 6 to 7 times in the shell
width. Spiral striae present, but no hairs or hair scars apparent.
43
# 12‐125 Cryptomastix populi; Note wide aperture and lack of apertural dentition.
Cryptomastix magnidentata
4¾ whorls; about 11 mm wide. Spire quite low, slightly rounded; whorls increase regularly, not tightly coiled as in sanburni;
rather dark yellowish‐brown; constricted before the peristome. Aperture strongly tridentate; parietal large, semi‐rectangular; basal
ridge high distally and with a high outer cusp leaving a sinus between it and the basal. The peristome is reflected and recurved to
revolute. Umbilicus about ½ covered by the reflected columellar lip margin.
Very faint spiral striae and some hair scars visible basally in front of the aperture.
This snail appears very nearly as C. magnidentata, although possibly a little larger and with more depressed spire and a less strongly
revolute peristome, characteristics which can be variable. However, this one does have about one more whorl which can account
for the larger size. Because of the strong similarity, I have included it in this taxon, however, Frest (1999) and Frest and Johannes
(1995) described it informally as Cryptomastix (Cryptomastix) n. sp. 2, Hells Canyon oregonian. This snail is found along the Snake
and Grand Ronde Rivers in Asotin and Whitman counties, Washington, and in Joseph Canyon, Wallowa County, Oregon. Frest (1999)
stated that it also occurs in Nez Perce County, Idaho. Cryptomastix magnidentata has previously been known from Mission Creek,
Idaho, 7 or 8 miles above Jacques Spur, Nez Perce County, Idaho, in the same county from which Frest’s Cryptomastix n. sp 2 is also
known. See Discussion at the end of this paper.
44
#12‐138 Cryptomastix magnidentata; Note revolute peristome and large apertural teeth.
Cryptomastix sanburni
5¼ to 6 whorls; 10 to 12 mm wide. Spire is quite low and slightly rounded. Whorls tightly coiled and increase slowly in size;
light buff colored; strongly constricted before the peristome. Aperture strongly tridentate; parietal large, semi‐rectangular, basal
ridge high distally and a high outer cusp leaving a sinus between it and the basal. Parietal is widely reflected and little recurved.
Umbilicus is narrow and partly covered. Weak spiral striae basally; no hairs or hair scars.
The snail illustrated below, appears very nearly as C. sanburni, although possibly a little smaller and with a flatter spire. Only one of
this taxon was found among the lots of Xerces Society’s spring, 2012, collection, and it is smaller than other specimens I have
collected from Asotin County. Because of its similarity, I have included it as C. sanburni, however, Frest (1999) and Frest and
Johannes (1995) described it informally as Cryptomastix (Cryptomastix) n. sp. 3, disc oregonian. This snail is found along the Snake
and Grand Ronde Rivers in Asotin County, Washington, and Frest stated that it also occurs in a part of the lower Salmon River, Nez
Perce and Idaho counties, Idaho, and Wallowa County Oregon. Cryptomastix sanburni has previously been known from Bonner,
Kootenai, and Shoshone counties in northern Idaho. See Discussion at the end of this paper.
45
#12‐142 Cryptomastix sanburni; Note reflected but not
significantly recurved peristome, and large apertural dentition.
DISCUSSION:
The range map of Pilsbry (1940) showed only Cryptomastix mullani olneyae and Cryptomastix hendersoni from south and
west of the Snake River. However, Frest (1999) and Frest and Johannes (1985) believed that Cryptomastix hendersoni reported for
this area in fact “are another taxon.” We now know that other Cryptomastix species inhabit this area, the controversy being, are
these disjunct populations of known species or are they, actually newly discovered species. Do we lump them or split them? Dr.
Frest obviously believed that they are undescribed species, although they appear very much like the known species described above.
Before his passing, I had discussed some of his reported new species with Dr. Frest, and found that he generally had good reason for
believing them to be previously undescribed taxa. However, since these three from this survey are quite similar to C. hendersoni, C.
magnidentata, and C. sanburni, respectively, and they have yet to be formally described, I am continuing to call them the taxa that
they resemble and by the name under which those taxa have been known. Perhaps it would be more prudent to place a “cf.” after
their names until the questions of their taxa are resolved, or they could be listed as: C. magnidentata (Pilsbry, 1940) [=Cryptomastix
n. sp. 2 of Frest and Johannes]; and Cryptomastix sanburni (W. G. Binney, 1886) [=Cryptomastix n. sp. 3 of Frest and Johannes,
1985]. While saying that C. hendersoni from this part of its range is a different taxon, Frest and Johannes did not propose a new
species for it.
46
_______________________________________________
REFERENCES
Baker, H. B. 1932. New land snails from Idaho and eastern Oregon. The Nautilus 45(3):82‐87.
Frest, T. J. 1999. A review of the land and freshwater Mollusks of Idaho, prepared for: Idaho Conservation Data Center, Idaho
Department of Fish and Game. Deixis Consultants, Seattle: 302 p + vi + appendices.
Frest, T. J. and E. J. Johannes. Interior Columbia Basin Mollusk species of special concern, final report prepared for: Interior
Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Deixis Consultants, Seattle:274 p + xi + appendices.
Miller, W. J., R. L. Reeder, N. Babrakzai, and H. L. Fairbanks. 1984. List of new and revised recent taxa in the North American
Terrestrial Mollusca (north of Mexico) published since 19 March 1948, Part 1. Tryonia, Misc. Publ. of the Dept. of Malacology of
the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 11:1‐14.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1934. Notes on the anatomy of Oreohelix –III, with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia Proceedings 85:383‐410.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monographs Number 3,
1(1):573+ pages.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1946. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monographs No. 3, II(1): 520 p.
47
Appendix IV. Descriptions of mollusks collected by Xerces Society; Report by Tom Burke.
Following is a list by family in alphabetical order of the species found among these collections. The accompanying discussion is
either notes from my examinations of the specimens, or a brief description of the species if an examination was not necessary for
identification, or both. Because of the complexity of the taxa of the families Polygyridae and Oreohelicidae, an appendix was added
discribing the taxa of those families.
A few photographs (by T. Burke) are included to illustrate specific species. Specimens in the photographs that are labeled
#12‐xxx are from these survesys. Other are of specimens or are photographs that I had on hand.
CHAROPIDAE:
Radiodiscus abietum — A small snail, about 6½ mm wide with a nearly flat spire and narrow umbilicus. The aperture simple.
The shell is sculpted with spiral striae that begin on the protoconch and fine but distinct ribs.
One juvenile shell was found #12‐073, in the NF Umatilla, site 1.
CIONELLIDAE:
Cochlicopa lubrica — A small snail with elongated shell 5 to 7½ mm long and somewhat fusiform in shape. The aperture is
about one‐third the length of the shell and is a little thickened around the inside.
Seven lots contained this species: 5 with a single shell; 1 with a live specimen; and 1 with 10 shells.
DISCIDAE:
Anguispira kochi — A fairly large snail, measuring 20 to 29 mm wide with 6 to 6½ whorls when fully grown. The shell is
depressed‐globose; the color is varying shades of yellowish brown, with reddish‐brown bands above and below the periphery.
Four vials contained this species: SF Walla Walla‐2 with 1 live specimen and 2 shells; NF John Day‐4 with 6 live specimens and
2 shells. By definition (a lot = 1 species per site) this was 2 lots.
48
#12_087 Anguispira kochi (subadult); compare with Oreohelix strigosa strigosa,
the immature of which have an angled periphery.
EUCONULIDAE:
Euconulus fulvus — A small snail with a brown, dome‐shaped shell. With 5½ to 6 whorls the adults are 3 to 3½ mm wide.
The umbilicus is perforate to imperforate. Sculpturing is of microscopic, closely spaced, radial striae.
Two lots: NF John Day, site 4 with 3 live; NF John Day, site 8 with 1 shell.
GASTRODONTIDAE:
Zonitoides arboreas — A small snail with low rounded spire. With 4½ to 4¾ whorls it is 5 to 6 mm wide. The shell is
translucent, glossy, brownish colored; the whorls increasing regularly. The umbilicus is narrow and symmetrical to the last whorl
where it expands to about 1/5 the shell width.
Four lots were found, containing 4 live and 2 shells.
12‐041 Zonitoides arboreas (3 shells)
4 ½ whorls; 4.89 x 2.34 mm. H/D=.49; umbilicus 0.9= 5.4 x in diameter.
4 ½ whorls; 4.79 x 2.32 mm. H/D=.48; umbilicus 0.93= 5.2 x in diameter.
Umbilicus funnelform, expanding more rapidly in the last ¼ whorl.
49
12‐074 Zonitoides arboreas (2 shells)
12‐077 Zonitoides arboreas (1 shell)
12‐085 Zonitoides arboreas (1 immature)
North Fork John Day (Site 3)
3 whorls; 2.62 mm wide; umbilicus 0.55 mm= 4.76 x in diameter.
Spire very low. Shell dark amber, shouldered; whorls expanding rather rapidly. Protoconch 1¾ whorls; radial grooves begin as
fine, shallow, close and evenly spaced grooves with the teleoconch and become more coarse and less regularly spaced about
½ whorl later.
#427 Zonitoides arboreas from
Pend Oreille County, Washington
Compare width of last whorl with that
of Nesovitrea electrina.
HAPLOTREMATIDAE
Haplotrema vancouverense — A large predatory snail with a nearly flat spire, simple aperture, and open funnelform
umbilicus. The shell is light greenish to brownish and generally has very fine and closely spaced spiral striae.
There were eleven containers from 8 sites containing 9 live and 14 shells of this species. All Haplotrema from these surveys
have shells that are rather thin and fragile for this species.
12‐009 Haplotrema vancouverense (3 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 1), 5/14/12
12‐029 Haplotrema vancouverense (5 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 4), 5/14/12
Two large shells, 2 medium and 1 juvenile; all five shells broken.
50
12‐031 Haplotrema vancouverense (1 preserved)
SF Walla Walla (Site 4), 5/14/12
5⅞ whorls; 26.34 X 14.46 mm. H/D= 0.55; umbilicus 6.22 mm= 4.23 x in diameter.
Spire low‐conic; sutures moderately impressed; periphery rounded; aperture obliquely‐elliptic‐lunate. Color greenish‐amber.
Shell rather thin and fragile for the species.
Apertural lip thickened all around, the palatal lip deflected a little, the basal and columellar reflected. Umbilicus funnelform,
increasing regularly to the aperture.
Growth‐wrinkles coarse but low‐rounded. Spiral striae very fine and very close, becoming distinct under 17x lens.
12‐037 Haplotrema vancouverense (3 preserved)
SF Walla Walla (site 6), 5/14/12
5¾ whorls; 25.12 x 13.02 mm. H/D= 0.52; umbilicus 6.1= 4.12 x in diameter.
Shell same as #12‐031, but spiral striae slightly more distinct, seen clearly at 8x.
12‐039 Haplotrema vancouverense (2 preserved)
SF Walla Walla (site 8), 5/14/12
5¼ whorls; 21.66 x 11.60 mm. H/D= 0.54; umbilicus 5.32 mm= 4.1 x in diameter.
Fully mature but smaller than # 12‐031 and 12‐037. Other shells characteristics are the same but spiral striae distinct at 17x.
12‐040 Haplotrema vancouverense (4 shells)
Shells are darker but fragile; the largest broken.
SF Umatilla (site 1), 5/15/12
HELICODISCIDAE
Helicodiscus salmonaceus — A small discoidal snail with a flat spire and wide shallow umbilicus about half the width of the
shell. The whorls are narrow and grow onto the outer edge of the preceding one. The shell is 4½ to 5 mm wide with 5 to 5½ whorls.
It is translucent whitish or corneous and is sculpted with spiral threads (lirae). The aperture is simple, roundly‐lunate and there are
paired apertural denticles, often well back inside of the whorl and often multiple sets.
Two lots contained this species: lime Hill, 1 shell and Joseph Canyon, 2 shells.
51
Helicodiscus salmonaceus
From Asotin County, WA
ca. 1982.
MEGOMPHICIDAE
Megomphix lutarius H. B. Baker, 1932 — A somewhat discoidal shell, white, measuring 9 to 11 mm wide with about 5 to 5½
whorls. The umbilicus is rather wide, about one‐third the shell width, and funnelform. Unlike the Oregon Megomphix, M. lutarius
has very fine spiral striae that cross the growth wrinkles, giving the shell a satiny texture.
Only 1 live specimen was found and 11 shells (mostly broken) from 2 sites in the same watershed. These may be the first
records of this species since Baker (1932). Although, Pilsbry (1946) included Henderson (1936) among his references, his description
and discussion was essentially that of H.B. Baker (1932).
52
Megomphix lutarius (dorsal and basal #12‐080, apertural #12‐084)
12‐080 Megomphix lutarius (1st container 5 shells)
NF John Day (site 1), 5/16/12
A) Badly weathered, old shell intact except for small, elongate, eroded holes dorsally.
5 ½ whorls; 11.52 x 5.02 mm. H/D=.44; umbilicus 3.84= 3 x in diameter.
Spire low, convexly‐conic. Closely coiled with well impressed sutures; last whorl descends very slightly to the aperture.
Periphery rounded but widest below the middle. Aperture ovally lunate, oblique, extended downward distally; lip sharp with
slight palatal extension; basal curve somewhat flattened. Umbilicus open, funnelform, expanding rapidly.
Shell whitish‐horn. Growth wrinkles low, rather close and regular. No apparent spiral striae. Protoconch about 2¼ whorls,
eroded so no sculpturing apparent.
B) Intact shell, dirty. Translucent white. Just over 5 whorls.
C) Cleanest shell; apex and apertural with one‐third of whorls broken away.
Translucent white with very faint greenish‐yellow tint (barely noticeable). Very glossy with fine low, close, rather regular
growth wrinkles, and very fine, closely and regularly spaced, wavy spiral striae (seen @ 40 – 50 power).
53
D) About 1/3 whorl broken out of the body whorl, beginning ¼ whorl behind the aperture.
Protoconch about 1⅓ ‐ 1¾ whorls; eroded.
E) Juvenile shell of 3½ whorls.
Protoconch 2⅓ whorls, smooth but with very faint spiral striae, and beginning with the second whorl, short growth wrinkles
in the inner curve of the suture.
Second container with 2 whole and 5 broken shells.
F) Largest half shell 12.43 mm wide. Umbilicus 4.2 mm= 2.96 x in diameter.
G) Second largest, opaque. ¾ shell minus apex; 11.82 mm wide; umbilicus 3.44= 3.44 x in diameter.
12‐082 Megomphix lutarius (1 preserved specimen)
NF John Day (site 2); 5/16/12
5 ¼ whorls; 10.7 mm wide; umbilicus 3.07= 3.5 x in diameter.
Body and sole white; tentacle retractors blue‐gray.
____________________________________________
FAMILY OREOHELICIDAE:
See also “Appendix A Discussions of Oreohelicidae and Polygyridae.”
OREOHELIX: Four taxa (3 species, one with two subspecies) of Oreohelix were found among the specimens from these surveys.
One of the Oreohelix is a target subspecies for the surveys and another is a previously undescribed species. In order to insure the
correct identification, to the extent possible, extra effort was made to measure and examine more closely more of the specimens
54
than might otherwise have needed to be done for a quick identification. Following are the laboratory notes from those
examinations. The conclusions from these examinations are discussed and photographs of the various taxa of Oreohelix are
presented in Appendix A.
12‐013 Oreohelix (2s)
SF Walla Walla (Site 1), 5/14/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
A) Largest: 5½ whorls, 14.38 x 8.13 mm; Umbilicus 3.4 mm= 4.23 x in Diameter.
Spire low‐moderate, convexly‐conic. Periphery strongly angled to last half whorl, then angle fades to rounded periphery in
last one‐eighth whorl. Shell badly weathered; patches of periostracum are dark brown. Growth wrinkles are coarse dorsally,
finer basally. Spiral striae are prominent.
B) Immature, badly weathered and broken shell.
12‐014 Oreohelix (1 subadult)
SF Walla Walla (Site 1), 5/14/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
4.8 whorls, 10.66 x 6.52 mm; Umbilicus 2.2 mm= 4.8 x in Diameter.
Spire moderately elevated, convexly‐conic. Whorls rather round with strongly angled periphery to within 1/8 whorl of the
aperture. Aperture roundly lunate. Shell thin, corneous.
Growth wrinkles moderated to coarse with prominent spiral striae dorsally. Smoother basally but still quite apparent.
Granulations apparent but less distinct basally.
Color medium‐dark brown, somewhat corneous. Two indistinct reddish‐brown typical bands; with two supernumerary
bands dorsally and three basally. Light corneous between bands and peripherally.
55
Umbilicus funnelform, corneous inside extending nearly to mid‐basal whorl. This shell is a little smaller and lighter colored
that 12‐015 and 12‐022; apparently not as mature.
Protoconch 1 ½ whorls, the first smooth then with growth wrinkles and spiral striae. Teleoconch with fairly strong and
regularly spaced growth wrinkles and regularly spaced, distinct but not deep spiral striae. Shell is somewhat granulose where
striae cross.
12‐015 Oreohelix strigosa delicata (1s)
SF Walla Walla (Site 1), 5/14/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
4.9 whorls; 11.56 x 7.22 mm; Umbilicus funnelform, 2.65 mm= 4.36 x in diameter, or 5 whorls; 11.57 x 7.36 mm; Umbilicus
2.82 mm=4.1 x in diameter (two measurements).
Preliminary description: Similar to 12‐014 except bands are less distinct. Umbilicus is whitish inside and about half way to
the mid‐basal whorl.
Spire moderate to low, convexly‐conic. Whorls as in 12‐022; aperture rounder (roundly‐lunate). Shell quite thin. More
strongly angled than 12‐022 but fading in last one‐third whorl to nearly round at the aperture.
Color dark brown with indistinct bands (subperipheral and mid to upper dorsal). Slightly lighter between the bands. One
apparent narrower, basal supernumerary band.
Umbilicus regularly funnelform, whitish‐corneous inside, that color widening to the basal‐columellar curve at the
aperture.
Growth wrinkles and spiral striae prominent dorsally, finer basally but still conspicuous and appearing quite granular.
Protoconch 1 ½ to 2 ¼ whorls, smooth for the first 2 whorls where wrinkling and spiral striae begin.
12‐019 Oreohelix (1)
SF Walla Walla (Site 1), 5/14/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
56
4⅔ whorls; ~10.1 x ~6.6 mm; Umbilicus 1.86 mm= 5.4 x in diameter.
Spire moderately elevated, convexly‐conic. Periphery well angled in front of the aperture, becoming barely so at the
aperture. The last whorl dips below the periphery at the beginning of the fourth whorl.
Color dark brown; bands barely distinguishable.
Protoconch of 2 ½ whorls with weak growth wrinkles and very fine but regular spiral striae. On the teleoconch, the growth
wrinkles are moderately coarse and spiral striae are distinct, forming nodules or granules where they cross.
12‐022 Oreohelix (1 ad? + 2 juv. Shells)
SF Walla Walla (Site 2), 5/14/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
4¾–5 whorls; 11.52 x 6.64 mm; Umbilicus 2.97 mm= 3.9 x in diameter.
Spire low to moderate, last 1 ¼ whorls below angular periphery. Whorls somewhat flattened dorsally with moderate angle
at outer‐palatal curve.
Color brown, bands a little darker but indistinct. Shell a little lighter at the angled periphery in the area typically between
the bands. The base is lighter than the rest of the shell, and somewhat corneous. There is a white, weathered band inside the
last half whorl of the umbilicus.
Umbilicus rather widely funnelform, light brownish‐corneous inside.
Protoconch ~1 ½ whorls (second, more distinct growth stop at 2 ¼ whorls). Growth wrinkles are coarse dorsally with
prominent spiral striae, most apparent where periostracum is worn. Basal growth wrinkles are not as coarse, but are
prominent, closely spaced, and radially striate between them. Spiral striae are prominent basally also.
Apertural lip thin. Early whorls angled but not as strongly as those of most Oreohelix. Angle fades on last 1/3 whorl to
slight at the aperture.
The juvenile shells are more strongly angled, but they are badly weathered and broken.
_________________________________________
57
12‐096.1 Oreohelix sp. (6 broken shells). Low spire; open umbilicus.
Wenaha (Site 1), 5/17/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
12‐097 Oreohelix (7)
Wenaha (Site 1), 5/17/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
a) Mature shell, weathered to white. Spire very low, convex. Last one‐fourth whorl descends to
below the angled periphery. Angle extends to the last half whorl, after which the periphery is sharply curved at the mid‐
outer edge. Aperture is roundly‐ovately lunate, slightly squared at the periphery.
5 whorls; 14.01 x 7.63 mm. H/D=.54; umbilicus 4.46 mm= 3.14 x in diameter funnelform, expanding regularly and fairly
rapidly.
Whorls somewhat flattened dorsally, rounded basally.
Protoconch 1⅔ whorl, growth wrinkles rather coarse and close. On the last whorl, the growth wrinkles are irregular. There
are 5 growth‐stop lines on the last whorl; 4 in the last ⅓ whorl. Typical Oreohelix banding is present.
b) Immature, 4 ¾ whorls; 12.78 mm wide.
Spire low, convexly‐conic. Periphery angled to the last fourth whorl then roundly squared.
Periostracum thin, brown, with slightly darker but distinct bands.
Protoconch 1¾ whorls, first half whorl smooth, satin textured, followed by fine growth wrinkles and spiral striae which
continue throughout the teleoconch on which the striae appear more like low, fine, well‐spaced threads.
Other description as in “a”, above.
c) 4¾ whorls; 14.4 x 8.33 mm. H/D=.58; umbilicus 3.9 mm= 3.69 x in diameter.
Mature, mostly bleached, but bands are faintly visible. Last half whorl is below the angled periphery.
58
d) Brown, immature.
E & f) Weathered immature shells.
g) Brown juvenile.
________________________________________________
12‐122 Oreohelix idahoensis baileyi (15 shells)
Lime Hill (Site 1), 5/18/12; Collectors: Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
a) largest shell: 5⅔ whorls; 11.26 x 8.33 mm H/D=.74; umbilicus 2.24 mm= 5.0 x in diameter.
High spire; whorls round and terraced; last half whorl dips well below the peripheral carina. Carina extends to the aperture.
Shell white; no bands apparent.
Aperture roundly lunate, slightly ellipsoid.
Umbilicus narrowly funnelform; columellar lip flares over about ¼ of the umbilicus.
Protoconch about 2⅓ whorls; growth wrinkling begins with second whorl. Weak ribs and spiral striae begin with the
teleoconch; ribs become strong at beginning of the 4th whorl. Spiral and radial striae appear on the body whorl, forming a
checkered pattern between the major ribs. This pattern is most obvious basally.
12‐126 Oreohelix idahoensis baileyi (2 juvenile partial shells)
Lime Hill (Site 1), 5/18/12; Collectors: Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
_____________________________________________
12‐137 Oreohelix (22 shells)
59
Joseph Canyon (Site 1a), 5/18/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
a) Largest weathered shell. 5 ¼ whorls; 14.2 x 9.4 mm. H/D=.66; umbilicus 3.07= 4.6 x in
diameter.
Whorl broken at 4⅓ whorls and growing below the periphery un l last ⅛ whorl, which is back at the periphery. Spire
moderate to low, rounded. Immature. Whorl strongly angled to last ¼ whorl, then round at aperture.
Aperture obliquely ovate, narrow end at basal‐columellar curve. Umbilicus increases slowly.
Shell is weathered so colors are not clear, but brownish with fairly wide typical bands and white around the periphery.
Sculpture unclear.
b) 2nd largest shell, in fairly good condition. 5 whorls; 13.57 x 8.5 mm. H/D=.63; umbilicus 2.95
mm= 4.6 x in diameter.
Spire moderately elevated, convex. Periphery well angled to last half whorl, round at the aperture. Aperture obliquely‐ovate
with narrow end at basal‐columellar curve. Umbilicus funnelform, increasing slowly and regularly.
Color light brown on earlier whorls, becoming lighter to brownish‐gray on last whorl and corneous‐white basally. Typical
narrow dark brown bands (no supernumerary) and white between. Well‐spaced very fine growth striae and very fine,
closely‐spaced, distinct spiral striae. Teleoconch with rather coarse growth wrinkles but no apparent spiral striae. Smoother
on base, also with no spiral lines.
On examining other shells of the 22 in this lot, this appears to be typical. Two were seen with about two irregular,
worn spiral periostracle fringe‐like spiral lines on the early teleoconch, but this does not appear typical. In general, the young
shells have a dark brown periostracum which seems to lighten on the larger shells, or perhaps it sloughs off.
12‐140 Oreohelix (12 shells, 5 of which are just fragments)
Joseph Canyon (Site 1b), 5/18/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
60
Two largest shells are fragments. The others are too badly weathered to get a good description of their colors or sculpturing, but
they appear to be same as other Oreohelix from Joseph Canyon:
12‐137 – immatures.
12‐143.1 – Juvenile and some fragments of 24 shells.
12‐147 – described below.
12‐149 – described below.
12‐150 – live when collected, described below.
12‐143.1 Oreohelix (24 juvenile shells and fragments)
12‐147 Oreohelix strigosa (10 shells adult or near adult).
Joseph Canyon (Site 1b), 5/18/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
a) 6 whorls; 20.81 x 13.38 mm. H/D=.64; Umbilicus 4.84 mm= 4.3 x in diameter.
Spire moderately elevated, convexly‐conic.
Aperture horizontally ovately‐lunate; umbilicus funnelform expanding regularly but a little faster in last half whorl. Periphery
barely roundly‐angular in front of the aperture; round for the last half whorl.
Color weathered white with narrow typical bands and a white peripheral band of about the same width.
Protoconch 2 ½ whorls, the first smooth, then with fine growth striae and very fine spiral striae. Teleoconch with rather
coarse growth wrinkles but lacking spiral striae.
b) 6 whorls; 21.12 x 14.2 mm. H/D=.67; umbilicus 4.64 mm= 4.55 x in diameter.
Similar to “a” but more weathered.
61
c) 6 whorls; 19.5 x 13.32 mm. H/D=.68; umbilicus 4.18 mm= 4.67 x in diameter.
Moderately elevated spire, convexly‐conic. Shaped as “a & b” above except the aperture is obliquely ovate with the narrow
end at the basal‐columellar curve.
It is light gray‐brown and somewhat corneous dorsally, with typical bands and a white band around the periphery. There are
also 3 corneous supernumerary bands dorsally and another 3 basally and a narrow brown band between the white
peripheral band and the upper brown band.
Sculpture is as in “a” but the spiral striae are distinctly more coarse on the protoconch and sporadically apparent dorsally on
the teleoconch.
d) 6 whorls; 21.8 x 12.75 mm. H/D=.58; umbilicus 5.11 mm= 4.27 x in diameter.
Moderately elevated spire, convexly‐conic. Aperture ovately‐lunate, less rounded dorsally and more sharply angles at the
basal‐columellar curve. Umbilicus funnelform, increasing regularly.
Corneous‐brown dorsally separated from the band by a narrow white line. Working downward, there is a wider white band
below the brown mid‐dorsal band, a wider, faint brown band, then the wider white peripheral band. The distinct, brown
subperipheral band is narrower. Below the subperipheral band the base is white but with faint basal supernumerary bands
becoming fainter and less apparent more basally.
The protoconch is about 2 ½ whorls, the first smooth, then with distinct growth wrinkles but no spiral striae. The teleoconch
has regular, fairly coarse growth wrinkles but no spiral striae.
e‐j) The remainder of the shells in this lot are beached white or broken, although the typical
apparent.
12‐149 Oreohelix strigosa strigosa (1 preserved specimen) Joseph Canyon (site 1)
Oreohelix bands are mostly
62
This is a juvenile similar in size to the O. strigosa delicata from the South Fork Walla Walla. However, unlike those
specimens, this one is not as near to maturity, as shown by its aperture being very thin and not yet solid, and its periphery
still being slightly angled at the aperture. Other differentiating characteristics are underlined in the following description.
4¾ whorls; 12.8 x 7.33 mm. H/D= 57%; umbilicus 3.28 mm= 3.9 x in diameter.
Spire low to moderate, conic. The angular periphery has not quite become rounded at the aperture, which is very thin and
weak. The shell is quite light brown; the base a corneous white. The two dark bands are distinct, the subperipheral one
prominent. There is a narrow white peripheral band. No spiral striae are evident.
12‐150 Oreohelix strigosa ssp. (4 adults)
Joseph Canyon (Site 1f), 5/18/12; Sarina Jepsen and Alexa Carleton—Xerces Society.
a) Largest, darker shell with flamulations. 5⅞ whorls; 20.16 x 13.5 mm. H/D=.67; umbilicus
4.7= 4.29 x in diameter.
Spire moderately elevated, convexly‐conic. Shell rather thick with quite thin parietal callus. Whorls round; angled periphery
not apparent but can be felt in front of the aperture.
Aperture ovately‐lunate. Umbilicus funnelform, expanding slowly until last half whorl.
Protoconch stop not apparent. Faint growth wrinkles begin after the first half whorl and become more distinct at the
beginning of the second whorl. Growth wrinkles are moderately coarse on latter whorls. There are no apparent spiral striae.
Color is corneous‐brown on early whorls, becoming lighter on penultimate whorl and body whorl is whitish with dark brown
and whitish patches of similar size dorsally. Typical bands are rather narrow, and there is a narrow white band of the same
width on the periphery. There are two supernumerary bands basally (mid‐basal and a little distal). The umbilicus and the
inner basal whorl are white.
b) 2nd largest shell, light colored. 5½ whorls; 19.36 x 12.02 mm. H/D=.62; umbilicus 3.87 mm
= 5.0 x in diameter.
63
Spire low to moderately elevated, convex. Periphery very slightly angled to the last half whorl which is rounded. Aperture is
roundly‐ovate‐lunate; the parietal callus thick.
Shell is solid, very light brown, corneous, nearly white on the body whorl. The dark bands are narrow, the subperipheral
wider than the dorsal; it is white between the bands. The base is white except for 3 very faint corneous supernumerary
bands.
c) 3rd largest shell, medium brownish‐gray. 5½ whorls; 18.8 x 11.86 mm. H/D=.63; umbilicus
4.22 mm= 4.45 x in diameter.
Spire low to moderately elevated, convex. Periphery very slightly angled to the last half whorl which is rounded to the
aperture. Shell is solid with a rather thin parietal callus. Aperture roundly‐ovately‐lunate by the extended parietal insertions.
Color corneous‐brown through the first half or the penultimate whorl, then grayish‐brown above the periphery. The typical
dark brown bands are of about equal width and there is a narrow white band on the periphery. There are two very faint
supernumerary bands dorsally and two on the outer basal whorl. The base is otherwise corneous‐white.
The protoconch is about 2⅓ whorls with very fine, regularly‐spaced, radial lirae after the first whorl and continuing to the
aperture as somewhat coarse growth wrinkles. Spiral striae were seen only very indistinctly and irregularly in the suture
depressions of the protoconch.
d) Smallest and weathered shell. 5¾ whorls; 17.57 x 11.89 mm. H/D=.68; umbilicus 3.43 mm
= 5.1 x in diameter.
Spire moderately high, convexly‐conic. Aperture roundly‐ovately‐lunate with well extended insertions. Shell well weathered
but with typical bands and white peripheral band. Periphery very slightly roundly angled to within about ⅛ whorl of the
aperture.
______________________________________________
OXICHILIDAE
64
Nesovitrea electrina — A small snail with quite low spire and translucent shell with an amber tint. Whorls increase rather
rapidly, the last being obviously wider than the penultimate and wider than the shells of most other snails of similar size and
appearance. Shallow radial grooves cut across the dorsal shell surface at irregular spacing.
One shell of this species was among those collected from the NF Umatilla, site 4.
#486 Nesovitrea electrina
from Boundary County, Idaho
Compare width of last whorl with
that of Zonitoides arboreas.
____________________________________________________________
FAMILY POLYGYRIDAE:
See also “Appendix A Discussions of Oreohelicidae and Polygyridae.”
Because Allogona ptychophora solida was a target species of these surveys, and because of the extreme overlap in species
characteristics of the Cryptomastix, extra effort was made to measure and examine more closely more of the specimens than might
otherwise have needed to be done for a quick identification. Following are the laboratory notes from those examinations. The
conclusions are discussed and photographs of the various taxa of the family Polygyridae are presented in Appendix A.
Genus ALLOGONA:
12‐032 Allogona ptychophora (1 shell)
SF Walla Walla (site 5), 5/14/12
65
Badly weathered and broken immature shell.
12‐093 Allogona ptychophora (8 shells)
Wenaha (site 1), 5/17/12
Shells appear to be the size of solida, but lack the wide peristome and squat aperture. Some are depressed somewhat like
solida, but others are less so. One has a revolute peristome (not like an Allogona). Spires and apertures do not compare
with A. ptychophora solida.
12‐099 Allogona ptychophora (1 immature + 5 juvenile shells) Wenaha (site 1), 5/17/12
12‐105.1 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (4 preserved adults)
Moderately low spires but narrow peristomes around round, open apertures.
12‐105.2 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (4 preserved adults)
Three with quite high spires; one with rather low spire but narrow peristome and open, round aperture.
12‐107.3 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (2 preserved immature) Wenaha (site 1)
12‐111 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (2 adult shells + 1 juvenile)
Adult shells badly weathered; 1 spire approaches the height of solida, but the aperture is large and open, and the peristome
is quite narrow.
12‐113 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (1 preserved adult)
Small with high spire and wider peristome, but not comparable to solida.
12‐115 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (3 preserved adults)
Small to medium sized for the species; moderately high to high spires and generally narrow peristomes.
66
12‐116 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (3 preserved)
Adults with high spires and narrow peristomes.
12‐117 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (1 preserved)
A larger shell with high spire and narrow peristome.
12‐120.2 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (2 preserved juveniles)
12‐121 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (Shells: 4 adults + 2 juveniles)
All shells are badly weathered to white. Two medium sized and 2 small adults; all with narrow peristomes around open,
round apertures.
12‐139 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (2 weathered, immature shells)
12‐148 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (3 shells)
3 adult shells in fair to good condition.
12‐151 Allogona ptychophora ptychophora (1 adult shell)
Average size; good condition.
Genus CRYPTOMASTIX:
12‐010 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (8 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 1), 5/14/12
67
Only 1 shell unbroken: 5⅓ whorls; 13.5 x 6.97 mm. H/D= 0.52; umbilicus 2.01= 6.7 x in diameter. Spire low, convexly‐conic.
Shell dark olive‐brown, of medium thickness; periphery slightly shouldered to the rounded last half whorl. The whorls are
somewhat flattened basally; sutures well impressed. Aperture auriculate with a short, white, rather high parietal tooth and a
basal ridge with no cusp. There is no upper‐outer tooth but a small cusp on the front of the peristome near the palatal
insertion.
The umbilicus is symmetrical to the last half whorl, then expands rapidly; it is about 2/5 covered by the columellar lip margin.
Protoconch of 2 whorls with fine growth wrinkles from the beginning. Growth wrinkles on the teleoconch are of medium
texture, smoother basally; spiral striae are indistinct to obsolete.
12‐011 Cryptomastix hendersoni (3 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 1), 5/14/12
Parietal tooth wanting or a mere callus. Peristome well reflected and a little recurved.
a) 5½ whorls; 13.18 x 7.2 mm. H/D=0.546; umbilicus 1.77= 7.45 x in diameter; about ½ covered.
Spire low to moderately elevated, conic; weathered brown. Periphery slightly shouldered to the last half whorl. There is an
abrupt constriction before the peristome. Aperture widely auriculate; peristome narrowly reflected and well recurved.
There is a thin, transparent parietal callus but no apertural teeth. No spiral striae nor hairs apparent.
b) 5½ whorls; 12.42 x 7.1 mm. H/D=0.57; umbilicus 1.62= 7.67 x in diameter; about ½ covered.
The shell is weathered, olive‐brown. Spire low to medium, convexly‐conic. Periphery shouldered to the last ½ whorl.
Aperture auriculate; peristome narrowly reflected and recurved, and there is a slightly raised parietal cusp. The shell is too
weathered to determine whether or not there were spiral striae or periostracal hairs.
c) 5½ whorls; 12.27 x 7.86 mm. H/D=0.64; umbilicus 1.68= 7.3 x in diameter.
Spire moderately domed; aperture deformed—roundly‐lunate; peristome fairly wide, reflected and slightly recurved. The
parietal tooth is very, very slight. No striae apparent.
68
12‐012 Cryptomastix sp. (3 immature shells) **
Fine hairs on largest shell.
SF Walla Walla (site 1), 5/14/12
12‐017 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (2 preserved)
SF Walla Walla (site 1a)
Parietal is small in both shells, and the basal cusp is quite weak; lacking in one.
a) 5½ whorls; 13.07 x 7.50 mm. H/D=0.57; umbilicus 1.65= 7.9 x in diameter.
Spire low to moderate, convexly‐conic; color olive‐brown. Periphery angular to the last ½ whorl, then round. Aperture
auriculate with slight basal ridge but no cusps. Peristome reflected. Parietal tooth small, white, moderately high, triangular.
No outer‐palatal armament.
Growth wrinkles fine, smooth; spiral striae indistinct‐obsolete. Microscopic granules occur between the growth wrinkles. No
hairs are apparent.
Protoconch of 2 whorls; 1⅓ whorls granulose; the next ⅔ whorls with regular, fine growth wrinkles.
b) 5½ whorls; 13.55 x 7.23 mm. H/D=0.53; umbilicus 1.83= 7.4 x in diameter.
Spire low, convexly‐conic.
Aperture auriculate; indistinctly tridentate; peristome revolute. Parietal tooth white, very short, triangular, moderately high.
Basal ridge slightly higher toward the distal end. Slight outer‐palatal ridge forms a slight sinus in outer margin. Growth
wrinkles are fine and smooth; spiral striae very fine, distinct dorsally; indistinct basally. Granules between growth wrinkles as
on “a”, above. No apparent hairs.
Protoconch of 2 whorls, sculptured as on “a”, above.
12‐023 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (5 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 2), 5/14/12
5½ whorls; 13.82 x 7.96 mm. H/D=0.58; umbilicus 2.04= 6.77 x in diameter; about ⅓ covered.
Spire low to moderately elevated, convexly‐conic; weathered, grayish‐brown. Periphery rounded. The whorl expands in the
last ⅓ turn, and then is rather deeply constricted before the peristome.
69
Aperture auriculate, slightly tridentate. Peristome moderately‐wide revolute. Parietal tooth white, moderately high,
triangular; basal ridge with slight cusp at outer end; slight ridge in the outer‐palatal curve forming a weak sinus in the outer
peristome.
Growth wrinkles are regular, low; Spiral striae indistinct or obsolete. No hairs are apparent.
There are five shells in this lot; at least 3 are apparently C. mullani olneyae. One of these shells is questionable with no cusp
on the basal ridge, a less abrupt basal‐columellar curve, and a thinner, smoother shell, which make it appear to be C. hendersoni. It
was retained with this lot, however because its peristome is distinctly revolute and the shape of the parietal tooth, although smaller
than the others, is more like that of olneyae. This may be a hybrid between the two species. The other two shells are broken
immatures.
12‐024 Cryptomastix hendersoni (2 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 2), 5/14/12
a) The apex is broken, so complete measurements cannot be made; however, the width is 13.61 mm and the umbilicus is 1.82
for 7.5 times in the diameter. The spire is low, conic. The umbilicus expands greatly in the last half whorl. Aperture
auriculate; peristome narrowly reflected and recurved. There is a very low whitish parietal tooth, a basal ridge with no cusp,
and no outer tooth.
b) The second shell is too damaged for an accurate description; however, both shells appear to be C. hendersoni but with a
slight basal ridge.
12‐027 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (1 shell; hirsute)
SF Walla Walla (site 3a), 5/14/12
A single shell that appears to be C. mullani olneyae except that it is hirsute with dense, and very short, fine bristles. Unlike
olneyae, it has a very low spire, non‐revolute peristome, and periostracal hairs. However, the spire can be ignored, the parietal
tooth is small, but olneyae‐like, and the basal ridge, though low is large enough to provide a bidentate shaped aperture. The
peristome is not well developed so it may be a subadult specimen in which the hairs are remnants from the immature stage.
5¼ whorls, 12.97 mm x 6.8 high. H/D= 52%; umbilicus 1.64 mm= 7.9 x in width.
70
Spire low, convexly‐conic. The whorl is abruptly constricted to a moderate depth before the peristome. Color is yellowish‐
brown. The umbilicus narrow to the last ½ whorl; about ¼ covered by the reflected lip margin. Aperture wide‐oval,
bidentate; peristome narrowly reflected with little or no recurve. The parietal tooth is short, moderately high and triangular;
the basal ridge is slightly raised distally; there is no outer‐palatal ridge. Growth wrinkles are low and moderately coarse.
Spiral striae are very faint to obsolete.
12‐030 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (2 shells)
SF Walla Walla (site 4), 5/14/12
Two shells too broken and weathered for an accurate description. The palatal tooth of the larger one indicates C. mullani
olneyae, but the basal lip is less raised than on that species. The smaller shell appears somewhat like C. mullani clappi, which is not
known from this area, but occurs in the Salmon River drainage across the Snake River, in Idaho. Without better shell characteristics
it will be prudent to identify only the more obvious species, that is known to occur in the vicinity.
12‐042 Cryptomastix sp. (1 juvenile shell)
SF Umatilla (site 1), 5/15/12
3
3 /5 whorls; 11.37 mm wide.
Shell brown with low conic spire, shouldered, and with an open, nearly symmetrical umbilicus.
Protoconch 1¾ whorls, first half smooth and papillose; second half wrinkled and papillose. Hairs (12 to 15 per square mm)
begin at 1½ whorls.
Teleoconch very finely, radially striate; striae not in line on last 2/5 whorl following the last growth‐stop.
12‐047 Cryptomastix hendersoni
SF Umatilla (Site 1), 5/15/12
The snail has the features of C. hendersoni, but it has uncharacteristically retained periostracal hairs into adulthood.
5⅓ whorls; 13.88 x 7.59 mm. H/D=.55; umbilicus 1.69= 8.2 x in diameter.
Spire low to moderately elevated, convexly‐conic. Slightly shouldered until last half whorl. Constricted behind the reflected
lip. Aperture auriculate, tightly revolute below the periphery; less so above. Umbilicus about half covered by the reflected
basal lip margin.
71
Color honey‐brown, with dense, short hairs, mostly laterally and basally on adult, more completely on immature. Peristome
white. Sutures well impressed.
Protoconch 1¼ whorls; growth wrinkles after first half. Growth wrinkles smooth but moderately prominent. Very shallow
but distinct, spiral and radial striae appearing like faint but distinct and fairly regularly spaced scratches (spiral distinct at 15
x; radial at 20 x).
12‐051 Cryptomastix sp. (4 adults + 2 immature broken shells) SF Umatilla (site 1), 5/15/12
a) C. mullani olneyae—5½ whorls; 13.8 x 7.41 mm. H/D= 0.54; umbilicus 2.52 mm= 5.5 x in diameter. There is a juvenile physa
shell wedged into the umbilicus.
The spire is low, convexly‐conic, solid, and dark reddish‐brown. The periphery is slightly shouldered to the last half whorl.
There is a rather deep constriction before the peristome.
The aperture is auriculate; the peristome is white, fairly widely reflected and well recurved. The parietal callus and face of
the peristome are bleached white, as is the parietal tooth, which is low, moderately long, and oblique. There is a sharp basal
ridge but no cusp, and no outer‐palatal.
Growth wrinkles are low and regular. Spiral striae are very fine but distinct basally; less evident dorsally. No hairs are
evident.
b) C. mullani olneyae—the second least weathered shell: 5¼ whorls; 13.54 x 6.8 mm. H/D=.50; umbilicus 2.17= 6.2 x in
diameter; about ¼ covered. Increases very slowly until last ½ whorl.
Spire quite low, conic. Weathered, grayish‐brown. Periphery slightly shouldered to last ⅓ whorl. Constricted before the
peristome.
Aperture bidentate auriculate; peristome moderately widely reflected and moderately recurved. Parietal tooth short and
moderately high. Basal ridge with distinct cusp at outer end; very slight outer‐palatal ridge.
Growth wrinkles low—smooth; spiral striae indistinct; no hairs.
72
c) C. mullani olneyae—Little periostracum remains on this shell: 5¼ whorls; 13.24 x 6.54 mm. H/D=0.49; umbilicus 2.09= 6.33 x
in diameter; about ¼ covered; expands rapidly in last ¾ whorl.
Spire is low, convexly‐conic; weathered, olive‐brown. Aperture is slightly tridentate; peristome moderately widely reflected
and recurved following the constriction in the last whorl. There is regular radial striae between the second and third whorls,
then irregular low growth wrinkles. The shell is too weathered to distinguish spiral striae and/or periostracal hairs.
d) C. hendersoni—Shell is bleached white: 5⅓ whorls; 12.76 x 7.08 mm. H/D=0.55; umbilicus 1.85= 6.9 x in diameter; regularly
funnelform; less than ¼ covered.
Spire low to moderately elevated, conic. Periphery is slightly shouldered to the last ¼ whorl.
Aperture auriculate; peristome narrow—moderately reflected and recurved. No apertural teeth.
Spires are low, convexly‐conic. There is a prominent constriction behind the apertural lip. Three have a moderate sized
parietal tooth; the fourth with only a slightly raised callus. Peristomes appear well reflected and recurved, but the edges are
eroded. The best shell appears loosely revolute.
Shells are mostly badly weathered, but one is a rich dark brown color. Faint but regular spiral striae are evident. Growth
wrinkles are prominent and fairly regular.
12‐056 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (4 preserved)
SF Umatilla (site 2), 5/15/12
These shells have features of both C. hendersoni and C. mullani olneyae: the parietal tooth is very small, and the aperture lip
does not appear distinctly revolute, although the peristome has growth‐damage on two of them. However, the triangularity of the
aperture with the basal and slight ridge in the outer‐palatal curve indicate C. mullani instead of hendersoni. Patches of spiral striae
are irregular, not unlike olneyae, and the hairs on the immature shell are typical.
a) 5²⁄₅ whorls; 13.29 x 7.11 mm. H/D= 0.53; umbilicus 2.0= 6.65 x in diameter. Spire low, convexly‐conic. Periphery slightly
angled to within ⅓ whorl of aperture then rounded. Last whorl expands slightly in last ⅛ whorl then is strongly constricted
before the reflected aperture lip. Shell is brown, weathered and pitted. Color changes to brownish‐yellow in the constriction
73
and on the back of the peristome. Aperture auriculate with basal ridge and very slight cusp at the outer end, and a very
slight cusp in the outer‐palatal curve. The parietal callus is clear and corneous with a short, low oblique tooth of the same
color and texture. Umbilicus expands in last ½ whorl and is about one‐half covered by the recurved columellar lip margin.
Growth wrinkles are coarse dorsally, smoother basally. Patches of spiral striae are apparent, most common in the inner
curve into the suture.
b) 5²⁄₅ whorls; 14.3 x 7.56 mm. H/D= 0.53; umbilicus 2.62 mm= 5.46 x in diameter. Shell similar to “a” but crest is more
pronounced and columellar lip covers only ⅓ of the umbilicus. Peristome was damaged in growth and shell is weathered and
pitted. Spiral striae is distinct in patches, mostly basally.
c) Smaller shell of same species. 5¼ whorls; 12.67 x 6.49 mm. H/D= 0.51; umbilicus 2.1 = 6.03 x in diameter.
d) Immature shell. 4⅔ whorls; shell yellowish‐brown with scattered patches of fine hairs.
12‐065 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (2 preserved)
SF Umatilla (site 3b), 5/15/12
Both specimens are olneyae, although “a” has retained some periostracal hairs while “b” has not.
a) 5 whorls; 13.04 x 7.37 mm. H/D= 0.565; umbilicus 1.78= 7.33 x in diameter; ≤ ¼ covered.
Spire low conic. Shell dull olive‐brown; periphery very slightly shouldered, lacking deep constriction behind the peristome.
Aperture widely ovately‐lunate. Peristome fairly widely reflected and recurved a the edge. Outer basal ridge with long, low
cusp; very thin, transparent parietal callus with a small, white, somewhat triangular parietal tooth.
Very fine but distinct spiral striae; sparsely scattered, short hairs.
b) 5 + whorls; 13.4 x 7.22 mm. H/D= 0.539; umbilicus 1.87= 7.2 x in diameter; ~¼ covered.
Spire moderately low, convex. Shell olive‐brown, glossy. Very slightly shouldered to last half whorl. Aperture widely
auriculate; peristome reflected and well recurved at edge, revolute basally. Small, white oblique, triangular parietal on very
thin, transparent callus; wide basal ridge with very low cusp; very slight outer‐palatal ridge.
Growth wrinkles close, smooth; spiral striae fine and distinct. No periostracal hairs apparent.
12‐066.1 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (1 shell)
SF Umatilla (site 3c), 5/15/12
74
Last third whorl is broken away leaving the revolute lip margin and parietal tooth. The spire is low, the aperture somewhat
triangular. The parietal tooth is small but moderately high and somewhat triangular. There are two very slight basal cusps
and a very slight palatal‐outer ridge. The basal‐columellar angle is rather abrupt but obtuse, more like expected for
hendersoni.
12‐066.2 Cryptomastix hendersoni (1 shell)
SF Umatilla (site 3c), 5/15/12
Although having the characteristics of C. hendersoni, this snail also has faint features of C. mullani. The aperture is open and
oval but there is a rather sharp basal ridge in and a very slight outer‐palatal ridge.
5¾ whorls; 13.74 x 8.6 mm. H/D= 0.626; umbilicus 2 mm=6.87 x in diameter.
Spire low‐moderate, convexly‐conic. Constriction behind lip fairly abrupt, distinct but not deep. Aperture auriculate, with
slight basal ridge but no cusp. Parietal tooth is a very slight rise, the same color and texture as the callus. Umbilicus narrow,
a little less than half covered by the columellar lip margin. Growth wrinkles are relatively smooth but distinct and fairly
evenly spaced.
12‐070 Cryptomastix hendersoni/C. mullani olneyae (4 shells) SF Umatilla (site 4), 5/15/12
These shells are damaged so identification is not certain. One shell appears to be C. hendersoni and one appears to be C. m.
olneyae. The other two are immature, so species is not apparent.
12‐071 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (3 preserved)
SF Umatilla (site 4), 5/15/12
The one adult shell, is most like C. mullani based on the shape of the aperture. The parietal tooth is fairly large, although not
triangular as in mullani. The aperture is actually between that of C. mullani mullani and C. mullani olneyae, but weakly so and
mullani mullani is from north Idaho while we know that olneyae occurs in this survey area.
a) 5 whorls; 12.03 x 6.43 mm. H/D= 0.53; umbilicus 1.56= 7.71 x in diameter.
Spire low, convexly‐conic. Periphery roundly angled to last ½ whorl, then round to the aperture. Whorls increase regularly
to within ⅛ whorl of the aperture, then expands into a semi‐crest before a strong constriction that precedes the reflected
75
peristome. Peristome is broken, but appears to have been somewhat revolute; however, basal and columellar lips are more
reflected and recurved.
Umbilicus is symmetrical to the last ½ whorl then expands rapidly and is about ⅓ covered by the recurved columellar lip
margin.
Aperture with basal ridge and cusp at the outer‐basal curve. Another cusp at the outer‐palatal curve, somewhat like C.m.
mullani but the upper cusp, though distinct, is not well defined. Parietal callus thin with white, short, moderately high tooth.
Shell brown, glossy, but with much of the periostracum eroded away and quite pitted. Growth wrinkles moderate; spiral
striae distinct, shallow, and wavy.
b) 5¼ whorls; subadult; peristome broken away except for very thin basal section that is translucent and well recurved. No
apparent teeth. Spire low, convexly‐conic. Penultimate whorl radially striate with moderate growth wrinkling and indistinct,
widely spaced spiral striae. Body whorl with same moderate growth wrinkling and very fine, wavy, distinct spiral striae.
Periostracum brown, somewhat glossy and with scattered, very short, fine hairs.
c) 5⅓ whorls. Shell is constricted at the aperture, but the peristome is not yet developed. Spire is low to moderately elevated;
rather conic. A few patches of remnant hairs are short and straight. Growth wrinkles are moderately coarse and there are
very fine spiral striae.
12‐072 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (5 shells, only 1 complete & 1 broken with attached peristome.
NF Umatilla (site 1c), 5/15/12
The parietal tooth of “a” is much too small for C. mullani, but it is triangular and the aperture is too triangular for hendersoni.
The umbilicus contained about 6 times in the width is more the size of olneyae. However this is one of the hirsute adults.
a) 5⅔ whorls; 13.53 x 6.92 mm. H/D= 0.51; umbilicus 2.28= 5.9 x in diameter, ~⅓ covered.
Spire low conic, brown; periphery rounded. Whorl strongly constricted behind the peristome. Aperture wide‐ovate; basal
ridge but no cusp. Peristome reflected and recurved. Parietal callus thin, transparent with very low, short, oblique tooth.
Moderate growth wrinkles and very fine spiral striae. Shell with periostracal hairs.
76
b) 5 ½ whorls; 12.83 x 7.1 mm. H/D= 0.55; umbilicus 1.9= 6.75 x in diameter; ~ ¼ covered.
Spire low to moderate, shell weathered and broken. Aperture wide‐ovate; basal ridge with low cusp toward outer end; slight
ridge in the outer palatal curve. Parietal tooth fairly high, obliquely triangular. Peristome reflected and recurved. Spiral
striae indistinct.
12‐094 Cryptomastix sp. (1 juvenile)
Wenaha (site 1), 5/17/12
3 whorls.
Shell brown, shouldered, radially striate with very close scratch‐like striae. Umbilicus open.
Protoconch about 1⅔ whorls with radially arranged, dash‐like tubercles, becoming regular growth‐wrinkles in the last ⅓
whorl. Teleoconch with 12 to 15 short, fine, curved hairs per square mm.
12‐096 Cryptomastix sp.
Wenaha (site 1a), 5/17/12
Several broken shells and fragments: The lot appears to contain Cryptomastix mullani olneyae, Cryptomastix hendersoni, and
a nearly flat‐spired species, possibly C. mullani clappi or C. magnidentata. There isn’t enough of that shell to determine for
sure.
12‐098.1 Cryptomastix mullani olneyae (8s + 7 juv. s)
Wenaha (site 1), 5/17/12
A nice lot of C. mullani olneyae shells, 8 adult with 7 immatures and juveniles. Also 1 immature Allogona shell.
12‐101 Cryptomastix hendersoni (2 adult; 1 immature shell)
Wenaha (site 1b), 5/17/12
a) 5 ½ whorls; 13.14 x 7.23 mm. H/D= 0.55; umbilicus 1.83 mm= 7.18 x in diameter.
Spire moderately high, convexly‐conic. Umbilicus funnelform, increasing slowly to the aperture; ≤¼ covered. Aperture wide‐
oval, straight basal ridge; no palatal. Very low, oblique parietal, same color as the callus.
Peristome following a slight constriction, reflected and well recurved.
Shell weathered and with holes in it, but growth wrinkles are low and rather smooth, and there are coarse spiral striae. No
apparent hairs.
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b) 5 ¼ whorls; 13.26 x 6.64 mm. H/D=0.5; umbilicus 2.02= 6.5 x in diameter.
Spire low‐medium height, convexly‐conic. No distinct hairs.
Umbilicus expands rapidly in last half whorl.
Aperture wide‐oval; no dentition. Peristome narrowly reflected and well recurved.
Protoconch about 2 whorls with regular fine growth striae; teleoconch with regular low growth wrinkles and fine, close spiral
and radial striae.
c) Immature shell: 5 ¼ whorls with no peristome nor dentition. Spire is moderately high; there are fine spiral striae, but no
apparent hairs.
12‐107.1 Cryptomastix sp. (4 preserved)
Wenaha (site 1g), 5/17/12
Not as distinct as some but “a”, “b”, and “c” appear to be C. mullani olneyae while “d” appears to be C. hendersoni.
However, all but “a” have periostracal hairs.
a) Cryptomastix mullani olneyae. 5⅓ whorls; 13.68 x 7.03 mm. H/D=0.51; umbilicus 2.12 mm= 6.45 x in diameter.
Spire moderately low, convexly‐conic; moderated constriction before the peristome. Yellowish‐brown. Umbilicus expanding
regularly in last whorl; about ¼ covered.
Aperture widely‐oval; columellar insertion curves back onto the parietal callus (into the aperture). Peristome moderately
wide, reflected and well recurved. Parietal tooth white, triangular, moderately high. Basal ridge with slight cusp at distal
end. No palatal/outer.
Protoconch about 1½ whorls, granulose. Growth wrinkles on teleoconch fine, widening on the body whorl where rather
coarse spiral striae become apparent. There are no apparent hairs.
b) Cryptomastix mullani olneyae 5¼ whorls; 14.06 x 7.3 mm. H/D=0.52; umbilicus 1.75 mm= 8.0 x in diameter. Expands most in
last ¾ whorl.
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Spire low, convexly‐conic; with moderately strong constriction, before the peristome. Dark yellowish‐brown.
Aperture widely‐ovate; columellar insertion hooks inward. Peristome moderately wide, revolute. Parietal tooth white,
triangular, long but very low. Basal with very low cusp. Very slight ridge in outer‐palatal curve.
Protoconch about 1⅗ whorls, wrinkled and granulose. Teleoconch with close, low, rounded growth wrinkles, prominent
spiral striae and very short, scattered hairs.
c) Cryptomastix mullani olneyae 5½ whorls; 14.28 x 7.61 mm. H/D= 0.53; umbilicus 2.02 mm. = 7.1 x in diameter, regularly
funnelform, about ¼ covered.
Spire moderately high, somewhat domed; with moderate constriction before the peristome. reddish‐brown; with moderate
constriction before the peristome.
Aperture slightly tridentate; columellar insertion curves into the aperture. Peristome white, narrow to medium reflected and
strongly recurved to revolute. Parietal white, medium, triangular. Basal ridge thickened, slightly elevated distally. No outer‐
palatal.
Protoconch 1½ whorls, wrinkled; teleoconch with low, irregular growth wrinkles, fairly prominent spiral striae and medium‐
short, tapered hairs scattered peripherally.
d) Cryptomastix hendersoni 5⅛ whorls; 13.16 x 6.41 mm. H/D=0.49; umbilicus 1.7 mm= 7.74 x in diameter, about ¼ covered,
expanding in the last whorl.
Spire quite low, convexly‐conic; constriction moderate; color strong brown.
Aperture widely ovate; columellar insertion curved slightly into the aperture. Peristome narrowly reflected and strongly
recurved to revolute. Parietal tooth very slight, nearly obsolete. Basal a straight, white ridge, cusp nearly obsolete. No
outer‐palatal.
Protoconch of 1½ whorls with growth striae and granules. Teleoconch with low, relatively close growth wrinkles, very fine
but distinct spiral striae, and very short, fine hairs peripherally.
12‐108 Cryptomastix sp. (6 juvenile with hairs and scaly striae)
Wenaha (Site 1)
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12‐109 Cryptomastix sp. (2, more mature, fewer hairs)
Wenaha (Site 1)
12‐125 Cryptomastix populi (9 shells + 3 immature shells)
5¾ whorls; 18.29 x 9.66 mm. Umbilicus 2.51 mm= 7.3 x in diameter.
5¾ whorls; 17.61 x 8.26 mm. Umbilicus 2.7 mm= 6.5 x in diameter.
Some of these shells are a little large and dark colored for this species, but their shape and other characteristics are very
typical.
12‐138 Cryptomastix magnidentata (6 shells + 10 immature shells)
Joseph Canyon (site 1) 5/18/12
Spire convexly low‐conic; umbilicus narrowly funnelform.
Color
Umbilicus
Peristome
Whorls Diameter
Parietal
A Buff
¼
Revolute
5¾
12.65
long
B Buff
⅓
Revolute
5⅔
12.80
longest
C Darker
⅓
Revolute
5¾
13.17
long
D Darker
¼
Looser
5⅔
12.76
short
E Weathered ⅓
Revolute
5⅞
13.85
long
F Weathered ¼
Revolute
5⅞
12.84
shorter
This snail appears very nearly as C. magnidentata, although possibly a little larger and with more depressed spire and a less
strongly revolute peristome, characteristics which can be variable. However, this one does have about one more whorl which can
account for the larger size. Because of the strong similarity, I have included it in this taxon, however, Frest (1999) and Frest and
Johannes (1995) described it informally as Cryptomastix (Cryptomastix) n. sp. 2, Hells Canyon oregonian. This snail is found along
the Snake and Grand Ronde Rivers in Asotin and Whitman counties, Washington, and in Joseph Canyon, Wallowa County, Oregon.
Frest (1999) stated that it also occurs in Nez Perce County, Idaho. Cryptomastix magnidentata has previously been known from
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Mission Creek, Idaho, 7 or 8 miles above Jacques Spur, Nez Perce County, Idaho, in the same county from which Frest’s Cryptomastix
n. sp 2 is known.
12‐141 Cryptomastix magnidentata (1 shell with #142.1 &2) Joseph Canyon Site 1b), 5/18/12
5⅞ whorls; 12.6 mm wide. Spire low to moderate; weathered so color not accurate; peristome revolute; parietal long but not
as high as other C. magnidentata. Basal high triangular; outer short but high with deep sinus of about the same width between it
and the basal.
12‐142.1 Cryptomastix sanburni (1 adult shell)
Joseph Canyon (site 1b), 5/18/12
4¾ whorls; 9.4 x 4.56 mm. H/D= 0.485; umbilicus 1.54= 6.1 x in diameter.
This shell is weathered white so color and sculpture are not evident. It is moderately thick and solid. The spire is very low,
conic. Whorls closely coiled, expanding slowly, distinctly shouldered to the constriction behind the aperture. The whorl is
deeply constricted before the widely reflected peristome, the edge of which is so slightly recurved as to be insignificant. The
aperture is auriculate and deeply tridentate. Apertural teeth are very large, the parietal long, high, rather rectangular; the
basal and outer both very high and separated by a deep, somewhat rounded sinus. The umbilicus expands very slowly until
the last half whorl, then more rapidly to the columellar lip which covers it very little leaving the umbilicus mostly open.
This snail appears very nearly as C. sanburni, although possibly a little smaller and with a flatter spire. Because of this
similarity, I have included it in this taxon, however, Frest (1999) and Frest and Johannes (1995) described it informally as
Cryptomastix (Cryptomastix) n. sp. 3, disc oregonian. This snail is found along the Snake and Grand Ronde Rivers in Asotin
County, Washington, and Frest stated that it also occurs in a part of the lower Salmon River, Nez Perce and Idaho counties,
Idaho, and Wallowa County Oregon. Cryptomastix sanburni has previously been known from Bonner, Kootenai, and
Shoshone counties in northern Idaho.
12‐142.2 Cryptomastix sp.
Juvenile weathered shell; 4⅞ whorls; 10.52 mm wide.
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12‐020 Polygyridae undetermined sp. (1 preserved juvenile) SF Walla Walla (site 1). 5/14/12
Hairs fairly long and straight, begin just after protoconch. Protoconch sculptured with rows of transverse tubercles.
_______________________________________________________
PRISTILOMATIDAE
Pristiloma idahoensis — A small snail, but large for the genus. With 6 to 6¼ whorls it measures 3 to 3½ mm wide. Its shell is
imperforate, glossy, translucent, and brown with a low conic spire. It is tightly coiled and distinctly shouldered.
Two live specimens from one lot, SF Umatilla, site 1A.
12‐046 Pristiloma idahoensis
SF Umatilla (Site 1), 5/15/12
A) Largest—6 whorls; 2.37 x 1.98 mm. H/D=.84; imperforate.
PUNCTIDAE
Paralaoma servilis — A minute snail measuring 1½ to 2¼ mm wide with 4 to 4¼ whorls. Its spire is moderately elevated. It
has a simple aperture and an open umbilicus about ¼ the shell width. Sculpturing is of well spaced, rather high, cuticular riblets with
very fine radial and spiral striae between.
One shell was found among a lot from the SF Umatilla, site 2A.
12‐055.2 Paralaoma servilis (1 shell)
SF Umatilla (site 2), 5/15/12
3¾ whorls; 2.2 x 1.35 mm. H/D=.61; umbilicus 0.43 = 5.1 x in diameter.
High conic spire; round whorls; deep sutures. Major cuticular ribs with spiral and radial striae between.
PUPILLIDAE
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Pupilla hebes — A minute pupiform snail with a cylindrical, reddish or yellowish‐brown shell, about 3 mm high with 6 to 7
whorls. The aperture lip is thin and reflected. Known to occur along the Snake River and found in the Lime Hill area during this
survey.
Two live and 17 shells from Lime Hill.
THYSANOPHORIDAE
Microphysula ingersoli — A small white snail with transparent white shell and nearly flat spire. A very thin shell, rather
tightly coiled with a narrowly‐lunate, simple‐lipped aperture and open umbilicus.
Five vials from four sites with 2 live and 5 shells.
12‐090 Microphysula ingersoli (1 immature)
NF John Day (Site 6)
3⅔ whorls; Umbilicus about 0.59 mm.
Spire very low, slightly convex. Shell transparent‐white with rounded periphery.
Protoconch 2 ¼ whorls; spiral striae begin at ½ whorl and are close and distinct, though very fine, to the aperture. Growth
wrinkles are quite smooth.
VALLONIIDAE
Vallonia cyclophorella — A minute snail, 2 ½ to 3 mm wide, with low spire and wide umbilicus about ⅓ the shell width. The
shell is translucent, white, and has cuticular ribs. The whorl descends to the aperture, which is round or slightly wider than high with
a reflected peristome.
One live specimen and 32 shells from 3 sites.
12‐103 Vallonia cyclophorella (13 specimens, live and shells)
Wenaha (Site 1)
VERTIGINIDAE
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Vertigo sp. — Minute pupiform snails, higher than wide; most are less than 3 mm high. When mature, the aperture is
usually slightly thickened or occasionally flared or reflected slightly, and there are normally apertural teeth, the pattern of which is
often an identifying characteristic.
12‐028 Vertigo sp. (1 subadult)
Aperture not developed; 5 ¼ whorls; 1.90 mm high; appears perforate. Teeth 1‐1‐2, just beginning to develop. Shell
cylindrically‐ovate, brown with moderate growth striae.
VITRINIDAE
Vitrina pellucida — A rather small snail, normally with only 2 ½ to 3 whorls and measuring 6 to 8 mm wide. The shell is very
thin and fragile, transparent with a light greenish tint. It is imperforate and the spire is nearly flat. Its whorls expand very rapidly;
the aperture is larger than the rest of the shell.
Three live specimens and 32 shells from 5 sites.
Vitrina pellucida
From
Northeastern WA.
Dorsal
Basal
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SLUGS:
FAMILY LIMACIDAE:
Limax maximus — A large exotic slug which may attain a length of between 100 and nearly 200 mm. The one immature
specimen found in the SF Walla Walla during these surveys was closer to about 50 mm long. Usually light brown or grayish with two
or three black bands on each side, that are usually broken into rows of elongated stripes, and which are irregularly arranged spots or
blotches on the mantle. The pneumostome is located in the posterior half of the right side of the mantle. About two‐thirds of the
posterior end of the tail is keeled.
#12‐035
Limax maximus
FAMILY AGRIOLIMACIDAE:
Deroceras reticulatum — A small to medium sized, exotic slug, 35 to 50 mm long when mature. The pneumostome is about
three‐fourths the way back in the right side of the mantle. The tail is distinctly keeled but just near the posterior end. The color may
85
be dark or light gray, brownish, buff or cream colored. There are no regular markings, but there may be irregular dark gray or black
flecks on the mantle and tail.
This slug is common where introduced. During these surveys it was collected at three sites: the SF Walla Walla sites 1 and 5;
and NF John Day, site 2.
FAMILY ARIONIDAE:
Arion rufus — A fairly large slug, 100 – 150 mm long. The pneumostome is forward of the middle in the right side of the
mantle. The tail is unkeeled, rather broadly, rounded, and somewhat dorsally compressed. There is a distinct caudal mucus pit.
Tubercles are rather long and high. Color can be reddish, brownish, orange or sometimes black. The pedal flange is often orange.
There are no bands except in very young juveniles.
#12‐043 Arion rufus
SF Umatilla site 1
Black form as often found in remote
and forested areas. Note lack of
markings except orange pedal flange
with vertical black lines.
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#12‐068 Arion rufus
SF Umatilla site 4
Juvenile light colored specimen.
Arion subfuscus — A medium sized slug, adults 50 to 70 mm long. May be dark gray or brown to reddish with a dark lateral
band that is not always distinct as it often blends into the dorsal color. The sides below the band are whitish. As with all Arions the
pneumostome forward of the middle in the right side of the mantle, and there is a caudal mucus pit. The tubercles are small the
sole is light yellow; the pedal flange has vertical black lines.
#12‐058 Arion subfuscus
SF Umatilla site 3
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ARIOLIMACIDAE
Ariolimax columbianus — The Pacific bananaslug is the largest slug in North America (second largest on earth), attaining
lengths up to 260 mm. They are normally uniformly olive green or olive brown, and often have irregular black spots or blotches.
Other colors, i.e., yellow or even white, occur in some populations. The pneumostome is in the 3rd quarter back in the right side of
the mantle, which is the same color as the rest of the animal. The tail is keeled for most of its length and there is a large caudal
mucus pit.
#12‐059 Ariolimax columbianus
The only specimens of this species from these
surveys, this is a quite light colored, small
juvenile from the SF Umatilla site 3.
_____________________________________________________________
AQUATIC SPECIES:
STYLOMMATOPHORA:
PHYSIDAE:
Physella sp. — The genus is recognized by its shell which is whorled sinistrally (left) and is longer than wide, somewhat ovally
shaped. It has a rather large body whorl with a relatively short spire and long aperture.
Fifteen juveniles all from the SF Umatilla site 2. One shell was stuck in the umbilicus of a Cryptomastix.
88
12‐052 Physidae (2 shells)
SF Umatilla (Site 2), 5/16/12;
A) 1 Hatchling — appears to be Physa sp., but the shell is very minute and it would be impossible to make a positive
identification. Since the larger species #12‐053 are Physella, it would be logical to assume that this one is also.
B) Similar shell (3 whorls) stuck in the umbilicus of Cryptomastix #12‐051.
12‐053 Physella sp. (14 juvenile shells)
SF Umatilla (site 2A)
HYDROBIIDAE:
Pristinicola hemphilli — (#12‐061) (3 adults)
SF Umatilla (site 3)
Minute aquatic snail, white, with a long, narrowly‐conic shell; 2.33 mm high x 0.96 wide in 5½ whorls. Imperforate and with
an oblique, ovate aperture.
Two preserved specimens from the SF Umatilla, site 1A.
CLASS: BIVALVIA
SPHAERIIDAE:
Pisidium sp. — (#12‐060) (3 specimens)
Minute (pea clams) 2.2 mm long x 1.66 mm high. Beak toward the posterior end.
___________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Baker, H. B. 1932. New land snails from Idaho and eastern Oregon. The Nautilus 45(3):82‐87.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1946. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monographs No. 3, II(1): 520 p.