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Grinnell,IA501121690
641.269-42E5
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SamuelA Rcbelsky
HlghD6grcs
PhD
1993
64r-269-4410 r€belsky@grinnell.edu
PAGE
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Mar 29200212:31PM
KarenA Wiese
]\'AILADDEESS
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wiese@grilnell.ed[
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TABLEOF CONTENTS
Forfont siz€ and pagefonnatlingspecificalons' see GPGseclion ll C-
Section
Total No. oI
Pagesin Seclion
PageNo.'
(OPtional)'
CoverSheetfor Proposalto the NationalScienceFoundation
A
1 pag€)
ProjectSummary(noltoexc€od
B
Tableof Contents
C
Pior
(lncLuding
Besullslmn
ProjeclDescription
D
RelerencesCited
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2 pag€s
saoh)
BiographloalSketches (Nolto €)(csed
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Cufientand PendingSuPPort
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1
I
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4
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available.Other
id biology' women
example'Jifferent gend"rs bring different Persp€ctivesio similar problems For
ut" tt"i rotuton ma more of an effect on health in spidermonkeysthan did
;;r";ilt:;"6;;;-",,st
changedthe
aiai""r irterventions being testerl.Similarly, women researcherssignificantly
-"r,
Manv
"itrt"
,"lationshipof speimand eggfrom one in which-eggsareprimarilvpassive
;;;;^;li;;;i,h"
of
expansion
calls
such
Rosser
t
o9?)
*" a""umented in (s;hiebinee' ilsg; and 6osse'
iii..-r
ofscience'
transformatioD
in
the
"*"t"pr?"
"Stcge5"
andapproaches
t" i."i"a" Off"rentperspectives
U" i"fa
effecton the futule of the global
a,detrimental
have
Finally,the lack of womenin computingcan
for the global
ii'"'i""iJ""uae will involvetie deiignand.craftingof technologyand Policies
on the
impacl
a
will have Profound
"o"i"ty
This inftastructure
infrastructure.
and communications
"omoutine
st*ctur" if futu.. so"i.ty. andhenceneedsinpLrtfrom manyvoices'
ofltomen in com?uterscience'including
havebeengivenfor the limitedparticipation
Manyreasons
the
'"'"i"*as a solitaryactivity,;oncemover the time commitmentsrequiredby
u o".""oiion of computing
negative
programming'
,"i"n"" as primarilv involving
;,;f;i;.
"ornput".
"r
".fi;;ii;;
and unpleasantexperiencesin typical computing
compuling,
.""i"i..".fi.ii io. t.u"n.t. in early
(MakedonI995'.reportmgon compurcr
activities(Seymourand Hewitt 1997,reportingon all sciences)
(AALJW
2000 reponingmore generall}on
science)
scicncet{b'tlearv I99q, reponingon
'1 reallylike computergamesibut aftera while' all the
"otpui"'
our women'students-said,
i""i""iii"f. e, ,j".
gamesneedto be
"f
*"."" ii'lrt"ln-a"ir brkiDisare reailyoffensive" Wllile biasedteachersand sexist
sectionc 3 b addresses
ii is equallyimportantto Lelp studentsovercomemisconceptions
them
overcome
help
students
project
may
proposed
"aJr*r"a,
the
how
andsuggests
manyofthesemisconceptions
C.2.b SomeHope:SuccessfulProrects
projegtsFor example,tho ComputingRes€aroh
there have beena numberof successful
Fortunately,
(6REW). progam
ersociatl#s collaborative ResoafohExperiencesfor undergmduatewomen
ror
exp€nenoes
womento continuein computingby fundinggroupresearch
(Castaneda
1999)encourages
gnduate
school'
go
on
to
to
women
greatsuccess
in encounging
iuniorsandseniors.Thepiojecthashad-the
'S;ilt;-;;
Hope REU progmm have found,that sulnmerresearch
iu.utty ..ntU.r. from
a
e*p".i"n""s ur" Ino.i lik"ly to influencewomento go on to graduateschool ln particular,thereis
male
amongfemaleparticipantsthan among
significantlyhigher fate of graduateschoolattendance
yearc.
participants
overthepastnine
projeotshavealsoshownsom€successForexample,theDartmouthWomen
Manymulti-disciplinary
Thatprogramhashad a
experi€nces
in Scien;eProject(WISP)piovidesfirst-yearwomenwith research
significantlypositiveeffici on women'sdecisionsto stay in th€ scienoes(Muuer and Pavone1997)'
in computerscience:Only 12%of DartmouthCS majorsare
Hiwevel it slemsto havehadlesssuccess
*o*"n (Konpp 2001). At Grinnell, the New SoienceProject (NSP) provides ar inftastructure for
traditionally underservedstudents(women,minorities,ard first-generationcollegestudents)to succeedin
(schneideret al. 1994)(Swartzet al. 1998).The programincludesa prc-orientation
the natumlsciences
sessionto acclimateitudentsto collegecultureandto introducethemto sciencefaculty;an activepeermentoringprogram;and a numberof commulity'buildingaciivities.The New ScienceProjecthashad
particulJ succiss in physics. Grinnell,s Physicsdepartrnentnow gladuatesten to fifteen studentseach
half of which arewomen'
classof slightlymorethan300 students),
year(outof a Grinnell'sgraduating
ihese numbersare high, both for Physicsgraduatesat a small institution and for percentageof wornen
ofthis program,includingnotjust the core
majoringin Physics.Many factorscontributeto the success
NSp aciivities, but also a workshop-style inhoductory sequenceand an eariy, sigDificant research
2001)
availableduringthe summeraftera students'firsi y€ar(Schneider
experience
to the recruitmentandretentionofwomen
ofthese experiencessuggestthat approaches
The successes
must be morc than just cu;icular. Becausethese extracrmicular experienceshave been particulally
alsoecho
Theseexpeiences
suchexperiences
waysto regularize
shouldconsider
discipiines
successful,
recrurtment'
involve
should
educalion
science
to-broaden
thatattempts
i;;;tlit0t;""".tendations
experiences
earlyresearch
mentoredproject
involving
pro;ose
a
we
,"*"i., ).J"ip"n*ity structures
a
projectsour MERicsprojectincludes
fo"u.ini on 'u-mer research
;;;;;;;';'#;-Gtucs;,
through
them
rewards
and
opportunities,
with many
componen!provroesslualents
sisnificantrecruitrnent
stipend
the
associated
and
th; opportunity
C.3 The ProposedProiect:Early ResearchExperiences
fscultyplanto developearlysignilicant
projectthecollaborating
demot&tration
In tbis multi-institutional
womento chooseto
;;d show their eific;cv in buildingcommunities'
,".e;ff
.leading the rolesofwomen
about
";;;.t"t;;t ot a majorin computerscience,
and&angingperceptions
pur.u"Jo.tL'".
'ltr
comm nitv at a
a.different
*otk
to
"tray rrte MiRiCS pro]ectextendsi'euiout
."4"!.
"onsider
which
institutions'
at
a-variery-of
andexperiences
""ip"l"lstage.The projectalsodrawsLrpon
resources
different
group
research
of
form
will
take
the
expeiiences
J".-il"Ei""fr"t'frtection C.:.c. Theearlj research
mentors
"."
faoulty
and
student
with
both
summer'
pro.lecrs
fretOauringttte
c.3.a TheNeedfor Furtherstudy
h*:,b*1,_T.iy
there.
Arthoush.
-:::.:id':li":1"$tril,,'H"'[rJ:,"ii.::Ti:::;X1"J,:|,"
(r)moit
reasons:
kev
rorthree
science
incomputer
:li::Tiill"iJi^ii;lli,i,1]fl'i#i,lllL"'-omen
rs
sclence
comput€r
physical
", sciences,and' as manyhave noted'.
or":i"it lrnorratrt"in" naturalalrd
undergraduate
in tbe;r
later
mostprojectsstudy.studonts
lul',iuntiuttyaift"r"n, rttanthe otbersciences;(2)
asa Loolfor
experiences
research
ani'()lrnot itoj"""
ralherthanearlt rn tnerrcareers;
careers.
"o"tiaer
ralherthanrecruhingsNde|ltsto the a dlsclpllne
reraininestudenlsin lhe sciences.
Conpuler Scienceis nol a Nalural or Phlsical Scie ce
mo$ of thgse
research,
whil" ,h"," havebeena numberof studiesof the effectsof undergraduate
.r"d;Jlil;;;;;;or*r1"J
ln part'this
science
computer
exclude
andtherefore
prtv'i"^rsciences
grouPedwith eith€r
oompuErsctencers in the awkwardpositionof beingoften
exclusionis b€cause
treatsthemas a unit) or with engineeringln
Research
.",ir.."ir"t i"4., ilt" c"r'rncilfor Undergraduate
from researchin th€ naturaland physical
fact. researchin computera"'"n"" ,, .uitiuiiiutty different
to usethescientificmethodto
objecti,it is rarelyappropriate
areman"urade
computers
Because
sciences.
exploreissuesin computing
importantdiff'erencelAlthough most
fu, th" purposeof tLris project, there is an even more
and
in the techniques
providegroundrng
mt-j".t",i ioui* in,rt" nituiatunafhysicalsciences
techniques)'
laborarory
methodl
ol tlrescienlific
(e.g,,
theelernents
sciences
."tt,oa,ofr"."ur"hin those
key
andtherebyignoremanyofthe
prograrnming
sciencecour;e;emphasize
rno,ll"ooAu"tow
"orputer
issuesofrosearchin computerscience
Expe encesvs.Mid' or Late-CareerExperiences
Early Research
(e'g ' theexperiences
research
Whil" rh"r" u." ,o." importantprojectsandstudi€sthatinvolveearly
oi
University
at
the
Prograrn
DurtmoutitlMulll' unJ Puuon"199?)and the UROP
wfsp-p."g;
research
"t
ofthe impactsofundergmduate
fuiiJiJ* iN"gana uf 1998))'the primaryfocusofmoststudies
For example,in a broad-study
undergmduatelareen.
inuo-i€,toa"ni, ut tfr" .iddte or laier stageioftheir
(REU) progiam'only 4ol'
ExperiencJforUndergraduates
Ros'earch
s"i"*" Foundation's
ti-r"i",i"*i
(Fitzsimmons
et al te'o:ri!]"^,0.ll:^1e8)whileth€reis
"i
students
fini-vear
;i il ilil;;;;"
seem
experiences
research
(e g ' summerJong)
mostsubstantial
expenences,
valuein filst-yearresearch
to be leftto laterin students'car€ers'
the researchprocessln compuler
Becauseof the mismatchbetweentbe introductorycoursesand
sctence-seem
above, substantialfirst-year researchexperioncesin computer
-ttt.
."i"n"l-."nrion"A
women--{RA's
fol y9:Jgraquate
experiencei
research
frl. rnort promineni
p#"ri"try
et
al' 199?)andCRA'SCollaborative
(Aiexander
ei af-fgso)
(Alexander
MentorProiect
Disributed
c-3
not p,ermitstudentsto participate
ResearchExperiencesfor UndergmduateWomen(Castenada1999)--{0
iake studensin theirjuniorandsenioryears.However'ifwe arcto make
in tl,ei. fr.st y"ur, *d prima.rily
Lopado( I99a)
studenr'ichoiceof disciplines'we muchcalchlhemearly in lheir careers
;;;;;;
of major'
choice
";
after the frst vear areunlikely to havean effect on studerts'
;;#!;-il
il;;;;es
-It
part becauseofthe
is not easyto designsubstantialrcsearchexp€riencesfor first-year students'in
expectationsfor
The
mismatchbetweenthe first-year cou$e and rcseaichtechaiquesmentionedabove
cafeers considef the
frst-v€ar studentsseemto be different tllan for studentslater in their undergraduate
research
academlc_year
t*o lurg" firrt-y"n, researchprogams. wlSP and UROP, which focus on
up
ended
science
in
computer
working
students
progra-,
many
o.oi""t"]rn tl,"
vearsof ti,e wlSP
in
less
successtul
program
was
"u.Lv
whv
the
be
whichmav
ti"i,''u" ai"e w"u pagesl
5;ii';'itt.t";;
with onlv 12%womenmajorsbv 2001(Knapp2001)'
disciitii'es,
"mJ,
ln neilhercasedoeslhereseemlo
ii^i"tfy, unop t**nts seemto focuson supporttasls for research'
mid- or late-career
;;;;;
d;;"
ir'"o i"
that studentswill presentth€ir work, as th€re is in manyof the
i""on
"ip""",io"
oxperiences.
research
substantial
computerscienc€?Does this mean that first_yearstudentscannot undertakesignificant researchin
choice of
Certainly not! As we hope to demonstratein this prcject' all that is rcquired is an appropriate
supportnetwork.In fact,computerscienceis particularlyamenable
proiectsandan approprtate
rcsea.€h
skills necessaq
ma) nol havc$e programming
i"".".fv i.t"'*.r,r.-p*ences. While firit-yearsrudents
srudenls
example'
For
available
are
for larse programmingprojecls,many oLherkinds of activities
withmuchlessbackground
(eg, networks)
.'r"r.ril;*i"'i,"tn"i JJ'anotvt"dataon largesystems
in
design
of useFcentered
cal involveaspects
Manyprojects
sciences.
bench-top
it*-l!
oan
"""",,"w-i"
mostimportantly,evenfirstyoarstudents
oandesignandconductinterviiwi. Perhaps
whichstudents
a varietyofpossibleexperiences'
designandtestalgorithrisandheuristicsSectionC 4 describes
A Toolfor Recruitment
Typicalstudiesofthe effelts of undergraduate
Finally,we choosea differentfocusthanmanystudies.
(Nagdaet
,"rau."h ti"ut ,"."u."h os a tool for rotainingstuAenti,eitheras studentswithin the institution
within
the
sciences
majorJorthe sciences
Margolis et aI 2000)or
ui, fefa;, *i,ftin tft"it ,ndergraduate
-on
et al. 1990).Althoughwe considerall
school(Fitzsimmons
to tsraduate
themto go
bv encouraainq
as a tool for /edrui'i[g womonto
MERiCS
t; be quiteimportant,we emphasize
tlireewoes-ofietention
in whichstudents
This ability to r;cruit studentsis an attributeofour typeof institutions,
the disicipline.
for certainfieldsbut alsoa willingnessto experimentwith othe$.
*ith botha preference
uni",
with
"oilug"
Uo"t ao
noi a""U"" u.ajor 'ntiltheir seoondyear.Civenthatwomentypicallyhavelessexperience
computer
women
to
the
ability
to.recruit
(Margolis
we
consider
al.
2000),
et
computingprior to college
scieircea-particularlyimportantpart of this project.The designsof ow curriculaare suchthai a student
canmajor_incompuierscienceevenif shedoesnot takeher first computersciencecourseuntil thesecold
sem€sterof her first year,or eventhe fitst semesterof her seoondyear.
C.3.b Componentsof the Project
lor womenin computerscjenceas a
The focusof this prcje€tis early intensiveresearchexperiences
aboutwomen in comput€rscience'
mechanismfor recrui[nentof women and changingPerceptions
However, these experiencesare supportedby and support a number of ancillary activities Table I
furtherin the followingparagraphs
thevariousaciivities,whichaxedescribed
summarizes
Atthecoreoftheprogramarcsubstantialresearchexpefiencesforffst-yearwonen.Studentswill
work wiih faculty on real projects relatedto the expertiseof the faculty. In somecases,th€ studentswill
work in teams.In others,theywill work individually.Sectionc.4 providesa list ofpotentiolprojects.In
addition to the first-year studentsand the supervisingfaculty, we will include some upper-division
studentsto act as mentorsfor the frst-year siudents.After the first year of the program,these student
mentorswill be stualentsretuming from previous sunmers. The values of near-peermentoringfor both
the montorand the menteeshave beenwell documented(e.g, Heller and Mafiin 1997)and should
c-4
the numberof summerresearch
strengthenthe experiencesfor the first-year stud€ntsTable2 documents
partioipantsat eaohinstitulion.
Participants
Tine Period
CompoDent
First-YearWomen(Rising Fi$t-Year Students
Surnner
Experiences
Research
Firct-Year
(MERiCS)
RelumingMentors
Summer
EarlySummer
LateSurnmer
SummerFacultyMeeilng
ParticipantResearchConference
ConferenceTravel
Assisiants
Teaching
Wom€rin CS Lunches
W€bS;te
continuous
(lnterviews,Analysis,
Assessment
Continuous
(15perYear)
Sophomores)
Wonen(6
Upper"Division
Filsl-Year Students
per year)
Designofprogram
Faculry
Summerstud€nls;FacultY
sludenc:
Palticipating
Summerstudentswith
attendees
Conf€rence
chaperones
faculty
CtassMembers(300/Y€af
)
PriorSummerStudents
poEnlial
and
Cunent
Cunentandpotenlial
Wonenin CS
Faculty
Collaborating
ExtemalEvalualor
Womenin CS
Mentors
Many groups
ofthe Project
Tsble lr PrimaryComponents
College
Croupr
Crinnell
Hope
Macalelter
U, Chicago
Total
2
I
2
I
6
First-Year
Students
4
3
5
3
StudentMentorc
Fqculty
2
I
l
2
I
J
I
2
I
6
PaticipantsPerYear
Tsble 2: MERiCSSumm€.R€search
Duringthesummer'
theirresearch
to present
of opportunities
a number
lo eivestudents
WeexDect
and
tlrestudents
ieamAt theendofthe summer'
,rt* *iLi rJ"riJtlr"tinf theirworkto theiriesearch
fair in whichrheywill present
wi meetfor a publicresearch
i".'"rw iii"i trr"i"ir"uoratinginstitutions
present
theirworkat institutional
will
also
lhey
whenpossible,
ai.*" ,f'eeiperiences.
ii"i, ir"if.
(eg ' thePew
meetiDgs
regional
andat
seminars;
or depanmental
i".g;"Jr"i""* postersessions
we will
Research-Symposium)
""*t"
AnnualUndergraduate
Consortium's
friia.i"ti.'i"i""* *d Vathematics
of the
Many
conferences
and intemational
to submittheirwork to national
uiro un"o*ug"students
workat these
Presenting
workaccepted
in havingstudent
oanicioatin
e iacultvhavehadgreatsuccess
importantly,
More
work.
their
about
and
speaking
writing
experience
L*" i-o*""i""""'", eivesstui'ents
(2002)
notes'
As SeymoLrr
buildconfidence
it heioiihestudents
parliculady
in$e
self'confidence,
was
idcreased
research
ofsummer
reported
benefit
Themostiequently
theirwoft andsiudenls
to presenl
studenls
we studied
required
abiliwto do;cience.All lhe programs
to workhard
Theyneeded
exp€riedces
of theirres€arch
we; h'ghlights
trt", ,fta."presentations
presenling
theirwork
questions
By
""ili
andanswering
for u p;esentation,
oreo*ine
Sivingth; Presentation,
often
more
topic'
greal
about
their
deal
l€amed
thattheyknewa
abouii!srudenls
lnd ansieringquestions
to
thanthosetheywerepreseoling
aboutihe ability of
providea mechanism
to help changeperspectives
also
oan
Thesepres€ntations
to do research For example,at a recentconferenceprogram commlttee
women and of undergraduates
form
that rhe submission
membersrequested
r".ii,rn n.fatl" atinded, oneof the steeringcommittee
-studeflr
-srudenr"
many
countries.
in
since
graduare
school".
in
rniant
,f,i i, *^s clearthat
t.
;il;"""
""Ji "J*;;t
"undergraduate"A colleaguequickly pointedout that tbe form must still include
researchin computerscience The colleaguethen
can do successful
8s undergraduates
undersraduales
(Heckel aI 2000)had recentlywon an
il claim by ioting that a paperby undergraduates
;;;;;i"J
outstandingPaPeraward.
c-5
retentionof women in
Both the summerexperiencesand the presentationstarget a key issuein the
havebeen
As Margoliset al (2000)note"issuesof women'sconfidence
As discussed
"".;;;;;:;",-";t;zce.
to fruu" u .ignii-tcantimpact on women's i;terest in majoring in computerscience"
lr addition'
discipline
in
a
to
work
"t,o*n
above,presentationigive studentsgrcat confidencein their abilities
been
show! to
have
the mentoringrelationshipsthat are a corePartofthese summerresearchexpe ences
(SeynourandH€witt 1997)'
havea oositiieimpacto;women students'confidenc€
particular' we
We plair to affect more studentsthanjust the 28 per yeat that do summerresearchln
hwhile to studycomputer
hooethat thesestudentswill showother womenthat it is both possibteand wo
,do,'
computerscience.Male
will showmenthat womencan
thatthesestudents
."i!o""_ w. urro
in cs arekey stumblingblocksto women
,tuauni*Jfu*fty "*p""t
io"eptions ofwomenasb€inglesscapable
will have
postersessions
in
i,i
i" ciirti*e.fi.
1o't-earv1999).P;sentations colloquiaand
se e as
"l.ztiool
students
the
summer
having
we plan to further broadenthe effect by
.o*e
l Undergmduate
"if"ct]Hotaeve.,
assistants.tutors, or lab assistantsin our introduotorycomputericience oourses
t€achine
alsoserveas role
t"u"hini urrist*tt ut" not only an excellentrcsourcefor helpingstudentsleam' they
rnaiors(Roberts1995). As "nearpeers"their role is particularlyvaluablefor both
."J"1"'r*
"",*i"r
andretention(HelterarrdManin 1997) (Mart;narldHeller 1994a'I994b)'
recruitment
build communityin their classes,in.theirgrouprcseaxch
Schneider(2001)tells us thal his studeDts
the womena real
Theseweeklylunchti'nemeelings,give
*a in t"gularlunchtimemeetings.
will hold
"*p".i"n"at,
successHence,eachinstiir'rtion
senseof belnga comhunity,and seemcoJ to Schneider's
to
..Worien
activity
a
simpl€
are
clearly
luncltes
in ComputerScience"lunohes.While such
weeklv
a
form
students
women
unJ"tiut., tft"y proula. manytangiblebenefits.Womenin sciencegroupshelp
outs.
know eachoiher.evenat smallinstitutionslike
necessarily
,uoportn"t*oik.in"" not all students
,,ou,
or diffefentyears)in the
in differenrsemesrers
(e.g.,
stafied
who
have
of synch,,
*r,o
iiii"ni
"r"
in ComputerScience
Women
when
creating-a
*uV not havemet, u" R"b"l"ky discovered
to explorethe
new
students
"u"i"uiu*
for
t,ln"h nrouo ai Grinnell.The lunchesalso providean opportunity
can
athactothet
Such
meetings
disciplineand to receivementoringwithoutcommittingto the major'
join tbe CS
to
asked
suooinersfrom outsidethe disciplhe At Grinnell,the airectorolstudentadvising
Finally,thesemeetingJ
in computinges an undergraduate
griip t.*u*
shehad donea concentration
to initiate and continuethe mentoringthat the early
bondsnec€ssary
ielp'form the student-faculty
both reiy and build upon.They help faculty meetstudentsearly in their careers'
resiarchexperiences
option'
is aninteresting
realizethatsummerresearch
Lunchesab; helpstudents
We will also work with the studentsto build and maintaina Web site that providesa numberof
andthosethatmentorthem.
resources
forwom€nin computerscience
of the
furtherin S€ctionC.5, providesthe final comPodent
of the project,described
The assessment
of
Colorado,
th€
University
of
Gawin-Doxas
Kathy
outside
evaluator,
project. The project relies on in
'alo"ng
with two'stzdenI ethnographers. We exp€ct that the assessmentof the.proj€ct will provide
soience.
forwomenin oomputer
informationfor otheiswho wantto improvethe environment
supp_orting
C.3.c Recruitment
A key aspectofthis programis the recruitmentofstudents into the introductorycou$es (to give them the
first 'ta;te" of cornputer science) and from the introductory courses into the summer research
will requiredifferenttechniques.
Eachkind of recruitment
experiences.
RecruitingFirst-year Womento Inbaductory ComputerScienceCourses
During preregistrationperiods,the collaboratingfaculty (that is, the PI and the senior inv€stigators)
witl makJ an eitra effort to promote the introductory courses. In promoting those courses, dre
collaboratingfaculty will emphasiz€key issues(group wo.k, multiple modesofthinking) and note that
summe.resJ"."h oppo.tunitiesare availablefor women who chooseto continuethroughthe first year of
includin&
thecomputersciencecurriculum.We will usea varietyoftechniquesto recruitthesesfudents,
I These positios will be fiDded iniemallv and not though this granL
c-6
(4) "why study
(3) mdiospotson campusradiostations;
(2) mailingsto advisors;
(l) mailingsto students;
fiom
will
use
information
possible'
we
also
(5)
when
web
site.
and
a
with refieshments;
dS" seminars
promisingcandidates.
ofliceto targetparticularly
theadmissions
Building Relatiotlshipsand Recrrit ResearchSludents
During each semester,the collaboratingfaculty will regularly meet with the women m the
skills,andconcemsSomeofthesemeetingsmay
to leammoreaboutth€irinterests,
inhoductorycourses
(described
in SectionC.3 b), but othermeetings
lunch
Science"
comein a weekly"Womenin Computer
will
faculty
and studeniteachingassistants
the
Towardthe end of eachsemester,
will be one-on-one.
go
on
(giviDg
to
incentive
fall
them
will be recruitedin the
Somestudents
carrdidates.
idenfiryappropriate
computer
not
take
studentswho did
to the secondcourse)and somein the spring(therebyencouraging
scienceinfiIstsemester).Duringthesemestel,theco|]aboratiDgfacultyateachinstitutionwillalso
mentorfor the first-yearsludents.
uppe evelstudentto actas a summerresearch
identis,an appropriate
prog8m.
prior
year
ofthe
from
a
returning
will
be
someon€
thisstudent
Pref€rably,
and concerns
C.3.dAddressingStudents'Misconceptions
'l'h€
that studentshaveabout
can addressa numberof key misconceptions
MERiCSopportunities
theyconelate
theseconcemsis pafiicularlyimpoftantbecause
computerscienceas; career'Addressing
(1997)
report'
tlewitt
and
As
Seymour
sciences.
women
leave
the
that
clos;ly with manyofthe reasons
personal
goals
and
their
career
their
their
education,
to
make
"[Y]oung womenshowa greaterconcem
that a careerin computerscienceis overiy
Hence,the misconception
p;iorities-fitcoherentlytogether...
'rinr.-"n.,ru.ing
science.
Similarly,womerraremorelikely to prefer
,noyi"ad-someawayfrourcornputer
primarily
a solitaryactivity
thatcomputingis
groupworkandmaybe concerned
tharii ||tl intuferewithfanilr |i/e.
is so time-consuming
A careerin cohputef sciehce
Misco^ception:
Reqlil': Whiteall prolessionsrequiresignilcantlime commilment'caree$ in eomputing@articularty
acode ic careers)can o/ferItexibility nol availqblein olher cdreeN
and
Forexample,manyindust.ialcomputingareasoffer flexiblehoursor permitsometolecommuting
(Makedon
1995)'
whiie busy,do havi freedomto set their hours ln an intewiew in
ihcultymembers,
reports
JoanFeigenbaum
Likeanyd€mandingcar€er,scientificresearchrequireslonghoursofhardwork,andhencemakesa
otferedbv a
there're distinctadvantages
rtt"ii.J you.un .i"na *iih yourfamilyandfriendsHowever,
cafeerincopulefscienceresearchasopposedto,say,acareerinlaw,medicineorbusi'essFi
andhoww€
onwhalwe produce
arejudged
Mosisci€nthts
offersa flexibleschedule,
foremost,
reseirch
day,
!o fly off
me€tings.all
in
boring
to
sit
generally
by
her
employer
expected
is
no!
present
ii. A scientist
hospital
sleep
in
a
hou$
without
48
consecutive
for
notice,
or
to
function
a
momentis
io HongKongat
your
personal
life
dent
in
really
make
a
activities
lhol
can
those
are
emergency
room-and
computer
MariaKlawegchoestheseviews in anotherinterviewin (Makedon1995)as shecontrasts
Shenotes
science
to othd scientificdisciplines,
to spendall ofthetimein
fi€ldbecause
familywith,say,a biological
vouha'r'€
llt is difficultlrocombin€
youcan
computer
science,
young
With
children
or
babi€s
nourish
little
left
lo
be
time
ihelab.TherJwould
the
experiments
you
compuler
to
slimulale
need
is
a
your
work
at
home
All
lot
of
do
a
courses
and
lake
allowscombining
science
at homeSotle fieldof computer
thatyouhaveto run anddo programming
requires
thatI'm
going
thal
into a field
to
This led me into lhe field,as opposed
famiiyandcareer.
physically
in thelab.
By helpingstudentsundersta[dthe benefitsa careerin computingprovidesto thosewho want to
balancecareerand personallives, Computersciencefaculty may be able to attractand retainmore
the benefitsand limitationsof a
understand
will helpstudents
Th€ earlyresearchexperi€nces
students.
careerin comp{tingby, iDeffect,placingthemin the realiryofcomputing.Theywill seethatit is possibl€
to work deepiyanJ for longperiodsof time on a project,makesignificantprogresson tbe project,and
stillhavetime for otheractivities.
c-7
closelyhow
give studentsan oPportunityto observe-more
In addition,the MEfuCS €xperiences
most
of the
Since
and
familY-^
work
balance
scientists(theii mentoringfacultv)
"r""i;;;;;ili;.
as
can
serve
they
lif:'
home.lif€99, Y":k
balanced
havesuccessfully
facultymembers
collaborating
ofcompuler
behaviors
\aillas'imilatere
studen!s
By worlingclosel)wilhfaculty.
role_modeli.
oositive
science'In a studyof studentresearch
computer
in
of
working
IU*iur *a i""- afout ttrebinefits
that
repons
2002).ElaineSeymour
experiences
{seymour
womenstudentswalchboththeirmenandwomenfacultycarefullytose€howtheyba|ancetheirpers
o| ltaysjn whicha
andmalefacultyro|emodeling
o[ bothfemale
|ives.Thesign;ficance
andorofessional
life
ononehandandfamil)andpersonal
scientist
*o.t asa ptot""sional
il"r'.i.. -rv i"
women
""rtl""Jteri'."n
or
dec's'ons
fte
career
influencing
asanissue
likelyto emerge
onlheorherseems
Mkcor.ceplion: Conputing is Pimafil! a solilary actirity
Realily:Most signifcant computbtgactiritiesrequ e a group oJpeoplewotkitlg togelher'
papersare
Most researchin computerscienceinvolves many peopleworkilg together;ro-authored
it
is €qually
authors'
list
projects
rarcly
muchrnorecommonthansingle-authorpaperswhile industrial
person'
by
one
clearthemostmodemsoftwariprojectsareof thesizethatwouldpreventth€creation
activities'they will
primarilyas collaborativewill be desiSn€d
Becausethe MERiCS experiences
it clear that
Making
activity
demonstrateto the studentsthat computing is, in fact' a collaborative
to computing(andiniluding it in thecufficulum)canaffact-studentsone ofour
1.
"""*r that shechosea majorin computersciencein Partbecause
it offeredmanymore
""iiJ"."ii""
womenmajorsreported
for groLrpworkthandid othermajors
opponunilies
primarily
However, there are some disadvantagesto teaching students that computing is
es recentdiscussionin the sIGcsE (computersoienceEducation)rnailinglist suggest'
cottauoratiue.
of
curriculumbecause
."r" i"""f" are reluctantto allow significanrgroupwoik in the undergEduate
will
also
faculry
1he
collaborat;ng
Llence'
wholo not pullth;ir weight
.onlr* oiin"u,ing undsrudents
for doingso
groupwork in theircoursesandprovidesuggestions
support
that
colleagues
€nsure
work to
in the MERiCSWebsite.
Miscoficeplion: Co puter sciehceis primorily comPutelprogramm@
nealig: While corltputet sciencecan inrobe plogftmming, it also rcquires a d pemits many other
actirilies.
just
As suggestedcarli€r, computersciencecan (and often should) involve muoh more than
p.ogru.tnin-g. In both researchand practice, oomputerscientistsmust-designand.analyze algorithms'
exoiriment with heuristics, measureoperations, interview users, and architect large systems Such
to manydifferentstlrdents.
aciivitiescandrawuoona widevarietyoiskitls, makingcomputingaccessible
problemsolving'
However,theseactivitiesalosharea commo,rfe4ture:Computerscielceemphasizes
translationof a
the
treat
scientists
proglams,
most
computer
as
While somesolutionsare expressed
ir another
reports
Fich
As
Faith
solution.
solution into oode as secondaryto the divelopment of the
WISKIT interview(Makedon1995),
a
scienceis thathavingsudiedit you cango into politics,youcanbecome
Thegoodthmgaboutcomputer
You
problem_solving
field
l!'s
a
work
as
a
consultant
oryou
can
stock
market,
tauyir, you cir advisethe
solutionfor it
just haveto understand
theproblemandide$iry a theoretical
Misconception: Researchin contputersciencehas litlle impacl on rcal people's lires
Reatily Pafiicula y as lhe reach of comPutittgas grown, researchin computersciencehas the abilily to
prcvide grcat impar:t.
their intercstin computerscience,
Fisheret al. (1997)reportthat "lwomenstudents]cont€xtualize
O'Leary {1999) secondsthis
the
wotkl'
cdn
do
instead, within a larger purpose: whal they
fot
should "communicatethe
courses
tecommendationas she suggeststhat introductory computerscience
we
broad applicability of computerscienceto life and societalissue". Because have pltmaflly cnosen
projects with ties outside of computersciencewe can show to a varioty of people tho applicability of
c-8
theirwork in a numberof venues'thercarea
our studentswill be presenting
comouterscience.Because
We havealsoincludedsometheoreticalprojects
for othersto seethis applicability.
nu,nleroooortunities
io seeiflh;5e stuoenlsreacldifferentl)to theexperience
Endeavor
c.3.e A Multi-lnstitutional
involves different structues for the early researchexperienceprogram at different
The project
-These
or failureof
will providebroaderdataon the likely success
diverseimpl€mentations
institutions.
(Samuel
participating:
Grinnell
to
committed
have
already
colleges
al
four
Faculty
su"h
"^0".i"n""s.
Maia)ester(susanFox andElizabethShoop),andtheUniversityof
ffop. 1fr".uenDershem.l.
i.u"f.f.!1,
Chicago(MichaelO'Donnell).
in many
canbe successful
Thevarietyof institutionscanprovidecluesasto whetherthe expedences
computer
introductory
in a workshop-style'
will alsobe ableto participate
At G;innell,students
contexts.
session
pre-orientation
particularly
the
activities,
sciencecourseand benefitfrom New scieflceProject
setsof
two
program
Macalesler'
At
REU
existing
will beabletojoin a Iaiger
e.i iop", R^t-y"ut
"tuaents
between
mixing
for
opportunities
are
so thatthere
*itt participatein summerresearch
nrst-yiai stuaents
wilh-orre
faculDrLpeni50r
projects
itr resesrch
\Iill
participate
studenK
sets
of
rwo
Grinnell,
Ar
eroups.
re5earch
Cdrnegie-l
ofa
tlll hauetheaddedinfr3struclure
lhe sludents
F"r fJ orol.lit. At ChicaSo.
e topics
as
so
studentcollaboration
for cross-instihrtional
sJmeopportunities
ir"ir"iioi, it"t"
"* "fso
(e g.,visualization
at GrinnellandHope)'
aresharedbetweeninstitutions
project.All are
Theseinstitutionsalso sharenany similaritiesthat will funher the successof the
liberalans colJegein the midslofa
smallliberalsrtscolleges(Chicagois a moderately-small
moderatelv
institutions)As such'they
undergraduate
are
Primarily
r"J"i"i"-iii"a researchuniversif; the resi
researchexperiences
in
these
important
that
are
relationshipi
ii;
;;il;
who
to.cntchstudents
"io.".rua"nt'ru"utty
gives
us
the
chance
wlrich
ofcourses,
i*iitu, ^f* *p".,,"take a broad-variety
ans
at
liberal
studellls
imponanlly
most
with a rariety oi subjecrsPerhaps
ere srill experimenring
can
lhese
experlences
major'
Hence
cotlegesrypicallyenreicollegewithouthavingselecleda panicular
t0 pursue
asro whichdisciplines
affectsrudents'decisions
NotethattheProjectisintendedtorecruitstudentsoncetheyhaveselectedaniDstitution,no
suggests,
"Ifwe desireto makea chalgenationally
to ihe institutionAs Schneider(2001)
recruitstudents
ofstudents
in t".rn, oftuo."n p"nicipatingin lthedisciplinel,it is pointlesssimplyto rob-other.programs
work at
successful
the
from
siEniticantly
differs
study
*to ar" atreaayaestinedio suiceed".as suit, thrs
to aod
applied
already
who
have
students
C"-"{i" M"ff6n, tutti"hprimarilydealswith high-perfbrming
(Margolis
2000)
el aI
beenairninedto a top programin computerscience
C.5.f Expectedoutcomes
ways (l)'lhefust'leat
diffetent
groups
in somewhat
wehopetoaffectfivedistinct
Throush
lheproiect.
in tlreirabiliry
confidence
will
increased
bytheproFctand Sain
affecLed
*i^"i oiniliirk" *, directly
lo their
as a majoras compared
science
compuler
choose
Loao al.purir"tai"na.andwill increasirlgly
panicipants
and
scince will seethesesuccessful
Deers.12) Theather womenin ,ntroduuolycomPuler
in
for wonen cS
!n"ourt".ttt"t ut teachingassisknrs.Theywill find a morecomfortingenvironment
as a major. (3) Tl\e undergrduatemenin computer
and will be morelikely to ihoosecomputerscience
The will changetheir
themasteachingassistants.
participants
encounter
scjencewill seetheseiuccessful
on oth€rwoDenin
effect
have
an
added
will
also
which
abouttherclesofwomenin oomputing,
attitudes
will leam
professionaL
conferences
thes€womenat
14)Theschalarswho encounter
workin
in
scholarly
"o.puter."i"o"".
andoffirst yearstudents doing
tt .u"..tt ofwomen,of undefgraduates,
.o.J
ofthe
"
jocllt at variousinstitutionswill learnof the success
"Uout
(5) Computerscience
."i"nce.
co-puter
of the projeot
projectandwill adoptvariousaspects
ratherthanleciur€_stvle
I workshop-style
€xperime al leamingexperiences
collaborative,
emphasize
courses
c-9
C.4 SampleProiects
and
for flrst-yearstudents
that areappropriate
Facultyat eachinstitutionwill dcvelopandmentorpro.iccts
the
(1997)
suggests,
Rosser
As
of
researchilut ioi"ulv relateto the faculty members'own areas
implications'
and
socialapplications
oftenemphasize
proj"Jr! t.1urg. enoughto requirecollaboration'
to askquestionsthat
pefinit
students
topics
the
research
cases,
ln
some
disciplines
ani woicailv bridee
of the pfojectto women(somethingRossertreatsas importantfor many
p"noln to ti" rela'tionship
projecr'follou
of porenti.rl
oroiccts
I. Shonsummarie'
C.l.a D"rshem:ProgramVisualization
ln the
The abi)ity to visualizeprogramexecutionis valuablein a number of different seltings
them to be able to
lnrouction'"tsetting,when stulentsare leaminghow to program,it is helpful for
choiccsafTect
visualizethe execulionoftheir'programandseJhowdifferentdesignand implementAtion
be
able
to visualizc
to
is
helpi'ul
program
it
ofterr
the actjonstakenby the compuier.Whendebugginga
oftcn
maintainer
thc
t; idenlilyproblemareasAnd in programn]aintenance'
*f,"i ir ft"pptti"g i"
can
be
"rdcr
needsto unierstandwhat is happeningwlrenthc codeis unhelpfulin this regard visualization
usefulin thatsituationaswell.
previouswork done in the area of visualizxtionand
This project will extendand consolidate
'fhe earlielworkdcvelopeduniqueapproaches
to visualizingclass
Javapfogmrns
animationof-exccuting
actionsFulurework will be directcd
andobjectmethodcx;cution,functioncxecution,andevent-driven
the earlierwork undera coDlmonintorlhceand extcndingit to browser-ready
toward consolidating
and threadsand
projectswill extendthis work to workingwith oxceptions
appiets.fn addition,-lirturc
perlbrnance'
and
learning
anclp.ogintt"rs .ukc u." ofthesetoolsto improve
siudvhow stLrdents
C.4.b Fox: Robotics
laboraiofy(l'undcdby NSF-DULgranlnurnbcr
Susanl:ox hiLscrcatcda robolicsaDdaftificialiotelligenoc
ru,n,r,cr2001)that containsa suitcofLego-basedrobotsas well as two I'ioneer2 DX
SOiZ+t+througt1
exrsl
by studcnlslvlanyproJccts
is 10supportsummerresearch
robots.ODcofihe goalsofthis laboratory
research'
own
to
Fox's
botbrelatcdto andtangential
earlyin theircareers,
whiclraresuitableior students
with the Legorobotscould exploreissuesthat includescarchingmazcs'creating
Studcntsworking
-maps,
seekinga light source,recognizingolher robots The Lego robots are
and using internal
p.ogru,nri.din a varianiof the C languagc-A ourent projectwould creale-aSche'ncinterfaceas well'
Evenbeginnirgstudeotscan
'ses thc pioneerrobots,whicharemuch&orc sophislicated.
irox',.research
i'ronrActivMedia'or
software
ihe
built_;n
of
usiog
some
robots
leam to usc and program rc Pioneer
soliwarccrealedb) l-ox.
..deliberative,,
planningandcoDtrolprojectinvolvestire iDtcgr,tionof..reactive',aud
Fox'Sresearch
with
The projectintegratesmany lowJevelbehaviors'which early stud€ntscould implemcntand test'
robot
hiphJr-level,eaini,,g metlods.Additionalprojects'suchas mappingarcas'collectingobiects'
toprcs
non-robotic
many
specific
arealsopossibieln addition,
.o.icer.surueillan..,e'-rdinuge processing
grasp
of a fi$i-year sludentreg, garneplaying' search'and
the
o."
*itltitt
int"lligenc"
in artiiicial
schcduling-
C.4.c O'Donnell:DigitalSoundAnalysisand Synthesis
Michaelo'Donneuwillsupervisecollegestrrdentresearchondigitalsoundanalysisandsy'rthesis'in
connectionwith his lolg ierur researchagendain digital sound nodeling Dependingon studentsr
andtalents,theywill:
background
archive of orchestral
(l) Desigr and/or ex€cuteanalysisprotocolsfol the comprehensiv,e
.
Iowa
the
University of
instriment samples under conshuction at
(http://iheremin.music-uiowa.edu/);
c-10
software'ihen designand/or execme
(2) Explore the use of experimentalsound-synthesis
or
s'1udies
and
da'1a
,;,il':s;til.:i*::i;.i"",1',i!'ii,fr1;1"'il5lil,l$il"J;,1**
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g::;i'
l'*i*=:ff;'J"^"
;?un:;;i
sfrllil,
jx;*iff :il:i;rsfi
il:
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;:1.*ifti:i*l*:,.;.",i,,'
onspeech
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engaged
:H:ff"":liiill"ilil'"rilT:lil;ii"-u",,i",v
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il*iiffil$6t1**
6 ".*.'.q
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i:""ff,[T
participation
strong
enjovs
AcMcrraPtor
[krurr"i:llulil.*i*lni''::*r
G.4.dRebelsky:InteractiveHypermedia
'"""T:tj
{$r:
;:,*ltn:t;;1":"r:;miiiii{ffi
+$*
are
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efficacyof earlyandcontinuedresearcnt
t$::iru,UX;y6*l;,$[j::H
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lntn:rmr:*:*
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ornerProJ:"j
\^hichhelpsdistinsuishthts worRrrom
::l].::",,":';;;"..".inn
Finally.
rhosecosrs.
'on'id"
y*1"*::
'"gu'|"''Iv
i".:"9-l,":"'."fi13nr'
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ofweb usage'
i*"ii"" iiprl*"v i"tterentin lheanalysis
c-11
These projects also permit many of the characteristicsof scienc€education that Rosser (1997)
promotes.They dmw upo! knowledgeand skills from many disciplines,considersocietalimpact ofthe
research,and coDsiderthe particular impact of the researchon women (e.g., whether men and women
react differently to interfacesand t€chnologies).Maso (1996) suggeststhal hypertext is a particularly
female-friendlyarea,particularly becauseit is non-hierarchicaland collaborative.
C.4.e Shoop: DataExplorationResearch
Dr. Shooprecently setup a compulationalrcs€archlaborEtoryfoa dataexplomtionat Macalester.Students
will use this lab to work on researchprojects,assignmentsfor databasesystemsand Java programming
classes,and capstoneprojects (every senior must complete a rcseatchproject as a requirement for
graduationat Macalester).For this proposal,the researchprojectsconductedby fie first-year studentsand
their judor or senior mentorswill mainly be related to bioinfomatics, but may also be used for other
t'?es of scientificor businessdata.This lab will be a studenttrainiDggroundfor thin-clientJava
progEmming and a stepping-stonefor someofth€ studentsto continuetheir educationin $aduate school
for athactingfemalecomputer
My emphasiswhen creatingthis lab will be to use it as a mechanisrn
projects.The
andprovidingthemwith a placewhetetheycanworktogetheron research
sciencestudents
Microsystems
E250asan
projects
will
include
one
Sun
for
our
research
we
will
have
available
equipment
will
be able to
application
server.
Students
as
a
SunRay
and
Web
Oracle databaseserver and another
60
workstation.
aPpliances
or
I
sun
Ultra
work on dataexplomtionprojectsusingany of 8 sunRaynet
The main purposefor the l6b will be as a place for studentsto work on data exploration projects,
(with specialemphasis
ard the
on graphicsfor datavisualization)
usingthe Javaprogramminglanguage
data
programs
distributed
for exploring
oracle DBMS. Studentswill designand build Web-based
We will stadby replicatingkey portionsof datafrom my existinggenomicsdatawarehouse
warehouses.
of proteinfamily
a warehouse
at CCGB,and leavingotherportionsthere.For example,we haveoreated
In the studentlab at
tool (http://m€tafam
ahc.umn.edu).
with a java exploration
datathatcanbe accessed
and methodsfor enablingusersto explorethe local
we will studyreplicationmechanisms
Macalester,
with the University
Closeties will be maintained
dataandretrievedistantlylooateddatawhennocessary.
(CCCB).
The
CenomicsandBioinformatics
of MinnesotaCenterfor Computational
Soalofour research
to interactivelyexplorelarge
work will be to showhow thin-clienttoolscan allow genomeresearohers
amountsof datadistdbutedat variousbioinformatiossites.
C.5 Evaluation
commonlyheldmisconceptions
This proposalseeksto attractmorewomento CS majoNandto address
meansof reaching
wornen)holdaboutcomputingasa caxeer.Theproposed
thatmanyp€ople(especially
computing
cateerby
about
a
countemct
common_misconceptions
goals
build
confldence
and
these
is to
to encouragefemale
providingfemale underg&duates
with intensivesummerresearchexperiencos;
studentswho participate in researchprojectsto function as mentorsand role models for other women,
andto buildcommunityamongwomenin computingby providinga
menaodfacultyon theircampuses;
support network for fernale computing studedtsand their mentors through "Women in Computing"
and maintainedWeb site. While evaluationwill examineall relevant
lunchesand a student-developed
aspectsof the prcject, much of the successof this effort hinges on the impact of the summerresearch
experienceand thus many ofthe questionsusedin evaluatingits successwill focus on students'decision
ofthe field of computingscienc€.
to declarethemajorandtheirperoeptions
. What impact doesthe projecthaveon the decisionofthe first-year researchstudentsto pursueor
not to pursuea computersciencemajor?
. What impact doesthe project have on the decisionsof o/rel women studentsto pu$ue or llot to
pursuea computea
major?
science
. How doesthe projectaffect the ways in which students(both men andwomen)describecomputer
science?
c-12
and
progmmsv-isibleontheircampuses
in th€summerresearch
who participated
Are thestualents
of
roles
the
perceive
stuients and faculty
how does their visibility affect tft" *"Vt ift"t other
womenin computerscience?
of lhe
andlhe success
expeiencesthemselv€s
-qu"ttio"'
Evaluationwill also examinethe summelresearch
guidingthis portionol the evaluationwill
*tivities describedi"--C: i
*rn"ln..t'o"ui*!
t""tlo"'t
the commonmisconceptions
address
experiences
*nut *u"", if any, do tbe summerresearch
d?
,Uouilotnput;ngt.i.n"e thatarelistedsectionC J
expeiience?
ofthe summerresearch
elements
. wi"i"* ,i"
"tt*,ial
.weresomeresearchexperjencesuett"ratachievingthegoalsoftheprojectthanothers]why
the
occursat the "women in computing"lunchesand
add qualitv of particiPation
. {H"ii:l"'
Website?
.whatimpactdotheluncheonsanowebsit€haveonparticipants?on.noo-participants?
'rri."ti--",i"J
ior this ptoject will. be through ethnographic-stvle'
ot a"tu
ir,"
summerresercn
"ott""iionof (1) wom'n - thosewho participate-in
."a".","fi-,lft"!"f"a interviewswith.samPles
do nold1-l,a:1
.
*
s.l"n"" u' u tuJot,t'ho" *tto partioip"t"
computer
:ltT"; ::1"11*^1"0
anddeclare
scrence
d-elllrecomputer
research.and
in
summer
participate
.":"r, thosewhodo not
\dith
nolleclit" tornput"'"i"n"t tajors; (2) malesin courses
"i."ti"t'*t""!
asa majoqthosewhoneitherparticipate
research
inlhesummer
,n ,utnl"' '"'"utti'" iiiitutty -'r'o"t *rto utelnv-olved
whoparticipaleo
women
"s,'t$'rmp
r;q!el[J":i:];]T:1ii1;:i";1#
[:+:n
tr?*,
tbe datagatheredusinget
To suDplement
of the project'the
itt" pt"j"o:
durns iit" ?"ti vi"t
?v-],"iL-Y
analyirsof interviewsconducred
datawill
interview
"i ln yearslwo and ihree'
poiutation
to a wloer
su €y can be adminislered
(o
the
refine
"'Li"ct
oittt" *tuty ao* (and wienneeded
continueto becollected,o .nn"ntt out uni"i'oiiing
rhe
will be used
sroup
inrewie*formars
eo* inai"id";-"'d gr-oup
,il;; tffi;:;;-i;.ln
ofien
discussions
sorts.of
p".r.,r"rtti" u'*oigpuni"ipunltThese
will focusonelrcltlng
interviews
t-"-,:l:
i#;;#'g;;;
utti-tud"'
.ll:f.'Tp*d
"nd"xp":l:T:,s^.T
"1.p"'t-p""tJ
""0"r'""a-i'ie
one
respondins
unparticipants
o ,"tt".'it
u,iott
with lhe Priof pennlssion
andttdnscribed
il,:,li:iJ:,:";i::J:^rtJfilfff;:':nf ::llT,ir";i
;''51i:,"'d':g'ff":'lliT:*ii!:::'i'j"li,,i'.'il;
themajor'
,,rg:"o*h: decrare
orwomen
number
thetimeconstraints
1*trenpostibLe'.given
i"?la";, L".i or"inna"n"t,"ii-a-"gt""att"inment
"rr^,ie;,
rhisdatawlrbecornpare'dtol1t;,;';.T;i1e;::';";X[:tJ:11['s;[:'BT.,T
orth!grant-periodl
andthePe\'r
erts Consort;um
rtreLibieral
data'it will be
with interview
in conjunction
of womenma1ors
in numbers
chanses
maior' In
science
"t'"li-i"'i*ti*t
pioi""i o" a"oi'io* to ieclate a oomputer
'".tlil"
while
t""''1",i" """.r1"; trteeftbctof;his p'l"ie-alded
example'
For
tothei"i:tl:Y 11i1
context
i"ni,r"ir'-t"rii*ir""r a""
"iLi
jl'-*::,
::lxlfj.'Jiit:.:1fl
::i[:i[l
nr*:r*"*f:T.':.*":n::
:l#*j""1'#3
tothemajor
womer
more
attmcting
or
focuses
tr'Lproj""t;Thisproiect
:iihil?";;;;;,;i#urL
social
(fromsociologv'
"""
elhnographers
"naifru.*""iff"o,.^plorelheirpostgraduateplansorpostgraduatesllti:"---..ffi;i;;;i;;iii
f i'*lv u" "orr"tt'abv nvosrioent
in
used
has
been
o' ott'"''"tut"dJi'Jpti'i"; tttit pe"tetttnoeraPher.aPProach
anthropology
psychology,
l:l?.i;::i:'
p"'"?
:1,*,'"FlTj:iI:
nr.t;*mlu";;B;'fi
lii:ifry,,tilff
in additionto
o' dutuin-oo*utwill reportliDdirlgs
Boulder.Shewill alsoanuty""unou't"tpi"iutiiata.
iiliil,lJ^i-.i"n
t,g,f"::mg;:"10"i,"
"lt;T:ili
#.;,"f,.j1;tnfliil#nt
c-13
Psycholosi Departrnent.Dr. Garyin-Doxasregularlytrains gaduate studentsin ethnographictechniques
and ProfessorLopatto regularly trains undergnduatestudentethnographerswho conduct interviews as
part of an NsF-funded ROLE (Researchon Leaming and Education)project on the efficacy of summer
will also be rcsponsiblefor
research(Lopatto and Seymour,2000). The student€thnogmphers
transcribine
the interviews,
C.6BroadeningtheImpact:Outreach,Replication,and Dissemination
We expectthat iheseiesearchexperionceswill havea direct impact on the participatingstudentsand an
(wheretheywill serveas
in classes
andactionsofthosetheyencounter
indirectimpacton the perceptions
plan
project
other
faculty to undertake
to
use
this
to
encourage
However,
we
also
TAs) and elsewhere.
as a discipline. To
to
sel€ct
computer
science
similar projects afld to encourageother women students
to
to help otherfacultyand supportwomenin
thoseends,we haveidentifieda numberof mechanisms
below,
lurtherin the paragraphs
thesemechanisms,
whicharedescribed
CS.Table3 summadzes
Targ€t
CSFaculty
Mechlnisms
Presentations:
SICCSE,CCSC,PewMidstat€sConsortium
Corf€rence
web Sit€ and Community
Cuide to DesigningEarly ResearchExperiences
Guideto FundingEarty ResearchExperiences
ProjectKaleidoscope,PewMidstatesConsortium
OtherFaculty
Experiences
Guideto FundingEarlyResearch
Adminhtrators
web Site
WomenStudents
BroaderCommuniiy StudentPresentations
Impact
Table3: Mechanisms
forBroadeningfte
ConferencePresentationsr[f we are to convinceother faculty to adopt theseearly research
the primaryaudienceis the computer
Because
experiences,
we mustinformthemaboutthe experiences.
early-research-experience
technique
primary
about
the
success
of
the
dissemination
sciedcecommunity,
foi
educators.
fie
Association
Computing
by
computer
science
will be throughavenuesmost seen
Machinery(ACM) SpecialInterestGroupin ComputerScienceEducation(SIGCSE)hostsan annual
on computer
which servesas the primaryoutletfor research
symposiumon computerscienceeducation,
scienceeducation.Many of the collaboratorson the ptoposal(inoludingthe PI) have significant
resultsat
We will to disseminate
with SIGCSEandregularlyreviewpapersfor theconference.
experience
(2)
(l)
presentations,
panel
on
paper
discussions
including
formal
th€ symposiumin a varietyof forms,
programs.
The
research,
and (3) workshopsto help other faoultydevelopearly research
undergraduate
proceedings
arepublishedandserveasa furthervehiclefor dissemination.
ofthe SIGCSESymposium
work,facultyandstudentswill prcsentresultsofthis projectat
furth€r
the
impact
ofthe
To
broaden
primarily
hosted
by the consortiumfor Compuiingand Small Colleges
those
regionalconferences,
(CCSC). Thesesmaller conferencesoften attract faculty memberswho are unableto attendthe SIGCSE
Symposium.
While thesefacultymemberswill likely readaboutthe resultsin the SIGCSEProceedings,
workshopsat CCSCmeetingswill give facuityth€ opportunityto think morecloselyabouttheseissues.
Works prcsentedat CCSC ar€ published in the Joumal of Conputing at Small Colleges,providing an
results.Consortiaofpeer institutionsprovidearotheravenuelbr
for disseminating
additionalmechanism
experiences
and
faculrywill makeslrreto discussthe early r€search
broaderimpact.The collaborating
of theLiberalAris ComputingConsortium.
weeklylunchesat theannualmeetings
we expectthemto
other
faculty
membersleamaboutiheseexperiences,
"Horr To" Guides:Once
^nd (2) How
questionsi
(1)
research
experiences?
Hov' do I designapprcprialefi$t-year
have two key
do I fwd suchexpefiencer?We will wriie two "How To" guides:One on designingfirst-year experiences
We will also discusstheseissuesat ihe workshops(mentioned
and one on fundingthoseexperiences.
above).The guide to designingfirst-year researchexperienceswill be basedon oul €xperiencesdesigning
suchexoeriencesand our researchon the efficacvofthose experiences.
c -l 4
(typicaliyrequiringstudentstipendsof$3200toseemreiativelyexpensiv€
experiences
Earlvresearch
varietvof
$38ff'J.'#;;':;;;".-'t'a""il-
at a
thatthet canbe adopted
Is it'reailvpossibti
waysthatthe
facultywill emphasize
tesul1.;thecollaborating
in.ttution"l w" irrnr. ,o. In disseminating
(eg'
programs'
REU
infraslrucfures
exisring
experiencescan be incorporatedinto
year
g
academic
(e
format
"*ir_.".""r"1,
'
programs)and can be adapledto other
rr"iit"i.""i ,.a".I."a""e research
of a
the
beginning
at
programsollered
or fundedassistantship
,"r"".f, ir ira"p"ia""t study,in courses,
research
early
of the benefitsof theseintensive
demonstfatjon
That'is,successful
ffi;";::';"J;;;;t.
on olner
suggestrons
such experiences;
to
adopt
inceniive
with
tttorra provide others
work
with
also
guide'we will
"**.i"*""
-JJ".l'r." *irL oi"'"iae addedsupponfor suchadoptionin witing the
Early
in identifyingotier potentialfundingsourceswe exp€ct.thatthis "Funding
*"":o
aswell asto faculty'
"r.
"ti""J
grlae wiit uetretpfultoadministrators
i","?Js*p;ti""*s'
will be computer
dissemination
PresentationsBeyind Computer Science:While the focus for
success
along.withthe already-documented
science
oi ttt" ptoj""t in
il;;..
.#;i;;-L;,
"otputetthat rhe rnodel should be encouraged
in a wicler
model in i'hysics suggests
i"rfv
(PKAL)'
K'rleidoscope
will
be
Proj.ct
"ilfl"
p.*"ry avenuefoi this bro'ier dissemination
i".*r"ttt]rrl"
of
dissemination
goal
the
core
i'xet f;culty for the 2l st century(F2l), whichhaveasa
,i""l,r"."f,
workshop
a
weekend
plan-to
hold
also
facultymernbers
tcienceThecollaborating
-Pew
""*;Jri't
i"* ,*iiJf-i"""nt"g
consortium
scienceandMathematics
Midstates
for
tlre
i.;*"""
;;-i;;#il;;:il;;;;
and facultywill developand
wel sites, To furtherbroadenthe impactthe collabomtingstudents
computing
leari aboLrt
women
help
W"'i.it", ."i"nd to the project Bicausemanysitesalriady
t"r"n
and
faculty
for
the dis;eminationsiteswill primarily emphasizesupport
.f,"**,f"Ds,
I"o'"t
"tiin early."seutchexperiences
andtipsfor buildingcommunity
sirdents
the
fbr disseminaiing
m€chanjsms
Our Students:Finally,the studentsw;ll be amongthe loremost
rn
succeecl
ionferencesand at talksat institutions'they showthat womencan
r"rriir,'sy'p;";"g
"t
;Tl[ffililr;*itll'.:l::lu:g:sii""'5::il:x,:il:'""::.:T:","::JTi
with them'
experiences
earlyresearch
c-15
D
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Ddta. Littleion,CO: QualisResearoh.
Scymour,E. andllewitt.N. M. (1997).TalkingAboutLeaying:WhytJndergraduatcs
Le( e theSciences.
Boulder,CO: WesNiewPress.
Soyrnouf,ll. (2002). PreliminaryRosultsfro a Pilot Studyro Establishthe Natoreand hnpacrof
8Il_ective
Undergraduate
Research
Experiences
on Learning,Attitude,and CareerChoicc. PresenlatioD,
CrinnellCollege,4 Maroh2002.
Spertus,E. (1991). Why are Thereso Few l'emaleComputerScientists?MIT Artilicial Intelligence
LaboratoryTechnicalReport1315,1991.
Swartz,J. E., Duke,C. L., Jepsen,
C. H., Lindgrei,C. A (1998).lhe New ScieDce
Project:An
lntroductoryScience
Relom Effort.NSFCou$eandCurriculumProgram,Awardnumber965214?.
Swartz.J. E. and Voyles,B. A. (1998).UsingResearch
to FosterhterdisciplinaryLearningin Scienco
Education.
NSFAwardforthe Integration
ofResearch
andEducation(AIRE),Awardnumbcr9873774.
Thon, M. (2001). Balancingthe Equation:WhereAre Womenand Girls ill Science,Engineeringand
Technolory?New York,NYt NationalCouncilfor Research
on Women.
Tobias,S. (1990)- Thq're Not Dumb,They'reDifJerent:Stalkinglhe :lecondTier. Occasional
Paper,
Rese:uchCoryoration.
Walker,H. and Schneider,
G. M. (1996).A RevisedModcl Cufficulumfor a Liberal Arts Degreein
ComputerScience.Commnicutionsofthe,4CM39(12),pp. 85-95.
D-l
Samuel A' RebelskY
o*ilr"',:ff;'ltoY'""
.
Srience
andComputer
ofValhemalics
Depanmrnt
GrinnellCollege
50112
Grinn€ll,lowa
edu
rebelsky@grinnell
641-269-4410
(FAX)
641269-428s
ProfessiotralPr€Paration
''";;j;;t
,;fAt""so
i"i'"t.id'
oicfr"^i"
u"i"irriry"rclr""i"
s B' w/honors
SM'
PhD
Mathematics
Science
computer
Science
Computer
http://www.cs.grinnell edr/-f ebelsky
less
1987
l993
ToursA Systtn[or La4 fern'BaseclCommunkdioa
Dissenation:
Advisor:MichaelJ O'Donnell,Universityof Chicago
ooTll'jc]''iili-",,-
2002'
ofcomputer science,crinnellcollese'ElfectiveAugus!
'I""ftnotogySiuaies'CrinnellCollege'June200i to prcsenl'
-'ldit,
leeTto present
1""iilii)iii"iJ,.t
AusL:sl
collese'
conputerScience,dintell
and Research'August 1997to
D/reclor. Grinncll Lab ibr lntemctrveMultimediaExperimentatioD
2000
June
June1997^io
college'
Dartmouth
scie'1ce'
u41',ii"i|r^.* ,-1",sorolcamputer
I997
to
June
1994
January
Laboratory,
visualization
exp"nm"niai
Dtector,Darlmoutn
A:sistant
'it-ii""ittiir,
p*lrsrol, Dartmouth
Marchl99l toJune1997
college'
l0a0to l9c)l
Program'
lrr,t,,."rrt,U"i*";,1 ofChicrgoPubli'lrrng
ResearchAssistant,Micf,,"flo'ponntff,r]ni"e;sitlofChicagoDuptofConputerScience'1987to
1991.
1985lo 1987
Science'
ofComputer
Depa$men!
t""t*"i,Urrir.rrity otchicsSo
co'aulhor)
(* indicalesuntdetgftduale
SelectedRelevantPublicatio'Irs
Clio: Toolsibr fraukrngStudentUseof
Project
*a s a n"U"ltiy
K.
Mclaugftli"-'
R.
Becker*,
'C""r*'W"tr.
"
19l|/orkl
f" n CoLlisandR OliverlEds1' Piocee'tngsoJrhct'lMeclio (Seallle'
awl TelecomnllnicLttiolls
Corfur"n"uo, nar"o,,otnl MultineLlid'iTypernetlia'
0
8
l
4
8
6
a
1
4
.
p
p
l9o0r'
W r , h i n g r oJnu. n e
M ltrDesignrncS2 TheRolesof^JLarge-Scale'
Rrogram
Real-worid
n"rr"hty
i
-c. H""i""isu'
Te'hni al.St.noo'tun
cj,"*'i rl." p'":i. r' ti P' otc"rlinsscl ie Thi v'Fi^! slG-CSEpp
tYZ-r7u
r'
l
l
luuu
\4arch
6rAustin TexJs
.
CotnpwerS.e nce Educalro'?
L Staicut*'and
Raulerson*'
Nichols*'E
C.
' c'V"ti-l n rf""t;, s.l""Ut"-, w ruf^-,H lrason*' E
and
ln J Bourdeau S Heller(Eds)
l'"rn""f ,t. n"U"ftg. BlazingTrail on theWorldWide Web
Hvpermedia'
MultimeLlid'
Educational
it "t rn/nv,.li;2000 lt/orldca /ercnceon
(June26-July1, 20d0'Monlreal'Quebec'canada)'pp 335 340'
and Telecantmunicatiant
i:""i"it
olrlstanding
Paperawato
VA: AACE, 2000 Received
Charlottesville,
ln J'
Hypermedia.
andS. A. Retel"ky.wel R-eler, An hfrastru;tur; lor Transfoming
KensLer*
A.
"' '-e'"".d"""
ott
Co
'rorld
Jercnce
oftheEdMedi'r200A
s Fl"ller(EAs) Prttceetlings
(]uoe 26-Julyl. 2000,Montr€al,
""aMlltinledia,nyper^iaio, aia iaeco munications
Eclucational
VA: AACE' 2000'
479-484Charlottesville'
Quebec,Canada)'
theWorld Wide Web CSSJournalT(5)'
Annotating
s. f-u-"Ut"*.H V*.n*,andS'A Rebelsky
1999'
November/December
AdditionalPublications
Selected
""'
iii;;j
Jo'rn'Jlo/
Hvper-ReProductions
Resource-Lirnited
il;fu"", andS A Rebelskv
6(2),pp I81-19'l
MuhimediaToaban|lApplications
F. MakedonandS. A. Rebelsky(cdjtort. ElectronicMultimediapublishing:EnablingTechnologics
andAuthoringIssu€s.Boston,MA: KluwerAcadernic
Publishers.
1998.
S.A. Rebelsky.
EvaluatingandImprovingWWW-AidedInshuction..,rournal
for (Jniversal
(
t ompuer\cien?.2 2 r. December
lqA6.pp.824-84
L
S.A. Rebelslry.
trp?rln entsin Jar)a.Rea ing,MA: Addisod-Wcsley.
2000
S. A. Rcbelsky,J. Ford,F. Makedon,andC. OweD.MultimediapublishingSysreDs.
Chapter21 oIB.
F'urht(Ed.),HandbaokoJlntemet and Mubi le.lia Systemsand Applicatlorr, pp. 45?-,182.CRC
andIEEEPress.1998.
SelectedSyncrgisticActivities
Merlor',DadmouthWomenin Science
ProgramIWISP].Receivedawardandcommendation
fbr
commitments
to mentoringwomenin computerscicncc,
Conlbrcnce
Co-Chair,EdMedia
2002WorldConferenoe
on Educational
Multimediaand
Hypermedia.Organization
ofconfcrence
ands€lection
ofpapersfor a modcratc-sized
(about
1400attcndees
from 50 countries)
conference.
FdcultyMentor,TftilblazingToolsfor thc World-W;deWcb.A research
projectby unoergraouare
wolnensponsored
by thc CoInputing
Rescarch
Association's
Collaborative
Research
lrxperieDce
for Undergraduatc
Women(CREW)project.I alsoobtainedinstilutionalfundingto conrinuethis
project. Thc students
andI receivedanoutstanding
paperawardat the EdMcdia 2000 World
CoDfcrencc
ibr lhiswolk.. (clynn et rl. 2000above.)
Metnber,PKAI,Facultyfol the2l" Century(F2t). F21js a consoriumofscicncci'acultyat p.imarily
uDdcrgraduate
iDstiiutions
who arc Ieadingchamgcs
in undergraduatc
tcachingandresearch.
tlsrtol, CriDnellWomcnin ComputerScicncc.Ponnedgroup,obtaincdfundingfbr ruDcjrcs,
schedulcandparticipctcin weeklylunches.
Cours€sTaugbt
GrintuellCollege,l;undamentals
ofComputerScience
I, Fundamentals
ofCompulcrSoionceII (Data
Structures
andAlgorithns),SofiwareDesign,Compilerc,Programming
Languages,
Computing
andProblemSolving,ComputerN€tworks.A SocialandAlgorithmicOverv;ljwof Computer
Scicnce.F'irst-year
semincr(llypertext:SomeTecbnology,
SomeImplicatioDs);
SpccialTopics:
WebSoftwarcIJngineering;
Varidrsindependent
studicsaDdguidedreadingcourscs.
DarmouthCollegetComputcrNetworks,Conccplsin Compuling,Compilcrs,OperatiDg
Systcms,
(Undcrgraduate
Programming
Lang!rages
andCraduate);
Variousindcpcudenr
studiesandguidcd
readlngcoursesUnive^i0,oJChicago:Introduction
1oComputcrProgramming,
DataStructures
aDdAlgorithms,
CalculusI, Calculusll
Collaborstorsand Other Afliliations
The,tis
Advisot:Micb^elJ. O'Donnell,UniversityofChicago(rhesisadvisor)
!'aLul\) Collaborutaft:Nell Dale(U. TexasAustin),HerbertDershem(Hope),R. ScotDrysdalc
(Dartmouth),
ClifFlynt (FlyntConsulting),
JrmesFord(Dartmouth),
SusaoFox (Macalester),
(Coopers-Lybrand),
PeterGloor
Bencum (crinnell),RachelleHeller(ceorgeWashingron
University),Fillia Makedon(Dartmouth),
P. Tikis Meta\as(WcllesleyCollege),DavidMusicant
(Carieton),
JeffreyOndich(Carleron),
CharlesOwen(MichignnSrare),DavidSherman
(U.
Bordeaux),
ElizabethShoop(Macalcster),
RobertStrandh(U. Bo eaux),JohnSione(criDnell),
ll€nry Waiker(crinnell),Chip Weems(U. MassAmherst)
RecentFormet UnderyraduateResearchStudents.RaphenBecker(U. Mass.),RachelHeck (U.
Wisconsjn),
AndrewKensler(OpenTcxt),
SarahLuebke(Independenr
Consultant),
WeichaoMa
(BostonU.), HilaryMason(Brown),KevinMclaughlin(Tribunelnteractive),
(U.
JaredSeaman
IowaMedicalSchools).
V. Venugopal(Independent
Consultant)
advisees
andresearch
students
not listed.l
lCurrentGrimell undergradudtes
Herbert L' Dershem
aProJassionatPrcpara!ion:i#s;xi$!K[i*t*1.1'":"ri
PhD ' 1969
i'"iiiJ uitit"iiiq' c"miuterscience'
uoo'n'n''"i"!o^;"
tt
r"o,r"*.r
ril;,Iir5:Tl;l:J,1f".:i.-g'-ll"Ff"'i,iJ3*t
l,?lLH::
iE+l;;'-'
i#l*1i*+:i,i$i.!:*':ffi
Hiil'*ii't#*ft
iriStiifffl:*
Buttetin'34'r(Feb'2002)'
Lists"'slccsE
Linked
ofJava
*. uti,"Animation
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i"ii)i'1a'p6v|,
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30.1(Mar,
o*,n"',dtl'#ihllk"l",*".f;
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second
andsrrucrures:
Modets
,filr,li'fitf'"'i;;,:{:;:':;:;}i:i;;iz2bi'ii""',
o*,n",',
;.:rl;:ffi
Lab,,'
inanrnroductory
simu,ation
i;gTiirtLt#ija;".yachine
ot*"d"ji:fi;',i,;i8il:f::ts:,",t":l-;s9:1"',1$il?ii
ssr.
6'u*'r
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objec'1
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""":f*i;h;#"*p:,tl.S,?lli!:?U:i,,"#ifl?l:',1?':,",0;:'^,
ss'
lxit;ff::fliiloi''"iiilbi''
F.xTiliifr:lTiltiH+'."."fl
e. Collaborqtorsand OthetAfliliations:
(i) Colle-boratorsiPeter
Brummund(EIi Lilly), GordonDavies(OpenUnivemity), Josiah
Dykstra (HopeColleg+Susan Fox (Macalester),fr4ichaelJ. Jipping(I{irire
Colleg_e),
RyanMcFall(HopeCollege),DaveMusicant(Carlet6riCo'lieg6;,feff
Ondich(CarletonCollege),Erin Paker (University ofNorth Carolina),lviike
O'Donnell.(Jniversity
of Chicago),SamRebelsky(Grimetl College),Hugh
Robhson (OpenUniversity), Libby Shoop(MacalesterCollege),Jarnes
Yq$"rnf_ag $$r".ttig"q StateUniversig, Timothy Vroom (I{bpe College),
RebeccaWeinhold(unknoun)
(ii) Graduateand PostdoctoralAdvisors: RobertE. Lynch (Pudue University)
(iii) ThesisAdvisorandPostgraduate-Scholar
Sponsoi:none