ERTEN ESER
Institute of Energy Conversion
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716-3820
Tel: 302-831-3315
Fax: 302-831-6226
e-mail: eser@udel.edu
EDUCATION
Ph.D.,
Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 1978
Thesis under Professor R. E. Ogilvie on “Plasma Characterization in Sputtering
Processes and the Deposition of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Coatings”.
S.M.,
Metallurgy (Solid State Physics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June
1972
Thesis under Professor A.F. Witt on “Thermoelectric Power of Indium
Antimonide”.
Engineer ECS (Ceramics), Physics, chemistry and technology of non-metallic solids, École
Nationale Superieure De Ceramique Industrielle, Sèvres, France, June 1970.
Thesis on “Sintering of Calcium Stabilized Zirconium Oxide”.
EXPERIENCE
1998-Present Associate Scientist
Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
Managed the NREL sponsored program for the development of copper indium
selenide based photovoltaics on polymer web substrates. Directed a number of
projects on flexible copper indium selenide photovoltaics funded by DuPont and
by other companies through SBIR contracts from various agencies.
Coordinating Institute’s participation, as subcontractor, in Global Solar Energy
LLC’s TFP and PVMat programs for the Development of Copper Indium Selenide
based photovoltaics on flexible substrates. Managed amorphous silicon research
program focusing on the development of crystalline p-layers.
1995-1998
Visiting Research Scientist
Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware, Newark DE
Managed amorphous silicon research program achieving 25% improvement in
efficiency in two years. Coordinated Institute’s participation in a DARPA
sponsored consortium for the Development of Copper Indium Selenide based
Photovoltaics on flexible substrates. Designed, constructed and put in service
pumping, gas flow, and control systems of a Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition
Reactor for Silicon film deposition.
1992-1995
Consultant
Erten Eser
Prepared the business plan for an amorphous silicon photovoltaic module
manufacturing operation with detailed analysis of the technology, economics,
marketing and investment attractiveness. Conducted negotiations for the
implementation of this project in Turkey with the Turkish government, investment
bankers, and private investors. Prepared a critical analysis of the manufacturing
potential of Copper Indium Selenide and Cadmium Telluride based photovoltaic
modules. Consulted for a research organization in the optimization of the
amorphous silicon solar cell deposition system. Consulted for DOE’s office of
Program Analysis as a peer reviewer in amorphous silicon and polycrystalline
thin-film devices and materials.
1990-1992
Director, Technology
Advanced Photovoltaic Systems, Inc., Princeton, NJ
Directed the operations of the Manufacturing, Process Engineering, Design an
Development, and Quality Assurance/Quality Control divisions. Prepared and
implemented Company’s 1992 strategic technology plan which included the
procurement, installation, testing and start-up of the Company’s 10 MWP/year
manufacturing facility at Fairfield, CA. Organized the Design and Development
division, hired 6 mechanical engineers and 5 draft-persons, defined the division’s
mission and objectives. Introduced two new products: 25 WP, 12V and 50 WP,
12 V amorphous silicon PV modules. Developed and implemented processes to
improve throughput and yield of module encapsulation line.
1990-1991
Manager, Amorphous Silicon Development
Advanced Photovoltaic Systems, Inc., Princeton, NJ
Managed the development of the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel
manufacturing line. Demonstrated the commercial manufacturability of
amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules at 75 Wp per plate level with 95% yield.
1982-1990
Senior Scientist
Chronar Corporation, Princeton, NJ
(Chronar Corp. was reorganized as APS, Inc. on December 1990).
Managed the “Analysis and Testing” division. Project coordinator of the
development of an automated amorphous silicon photovoltaic module
manufacturing facility having a capacity of 10 Mwp/ year. Designed the
amorphous silicon deposition systems for this project and oversaw their
fabrication, assembly, and testing. Manager of a research program on the Copper
Indium Selenide based solar cells and modules. Developed high speed and high
quality aluminum laser scribing process. Principal investigator of a three year
research contract awarded by the Solar Energy Research Institute. Investigated Fe
based redox battery systems for possible application in photovoltaics. Studied the
Erten Eser
“Light Induced Instabilities” in amorphous silicon thin films. Investigated
interfacial instabilities in the amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules. Worked on
the design and construction of 1 Mwp/year amorphous silicon module
manufacturing facility. Principal investigator of a three year research contract
awarded by the Solar Energy Research Institute. Set-up and managed the
materials analysis laboratory with capabilities such as X-ray diffraction,
SEM/EDAX, SAM/SIMS, UV-VIS-IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy.
1981-1982
Research Scientist
Arco Solar, Inc., Chatsworth, CA (Presently Siemens Solar, Inc.)
Worked on the development of Copper Indium Selenide/Cadmium Sulfide solar
cells in the areas of materials characterization, Cadmium Sulfide evaporation, cell
design and analysis.
1978-1981
Associate Scientist
Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
Investigation of stability related problems in Copper sulfide/Cadmium Sulfide
Solar cells such as grain structure of Cadmium Sulfide films, optical properties of
Copper Sulfide films, interdiffusion phenomena and junction morphology in
micro-scale. Protection of Copper Sulfide surfaces against oxidation by e-beam
evaporated glass layers. Setting-up and operating a materials analysis laboratory
with capabilities such as x-ray diffraction, SEM/EDAX, and SAM/SIMS.
1976-1978
Intern
C.S. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA.
Worked in a program to develop coatings to improve friction and wear
characteristics of gas bearing surfaces in inertial guidance instruments where the
structural material was beryllium.
1976-1978
Teaching Assistant
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Teaching Assistant in “Electron Optics” and “Materials Laboratory” courses.
1969
Summer Intern
Société Le Carbon Lorraine, Gennevilliers, France
Prepared a feasibility study of the automation of “Riedhammer” furnaces used in
the graphitization of carbon.
Erten Eser
PUBLICATIONS
1. “Surface Coating Technology”, K.A. Taylor and E. Eser, The Charles Stark Draper
Laboratory, Inc., Report No. C-4926, Cambridge (1977).
2. “Measurement of Plasma Discharge Characteristics for Sputtering Applications,” E. Eser,
R.E. Ogilvie and K.A. Taylor, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15(2), 199 (1978).
3. “Friction and Wear Results from WC-Co Coatings by (-) DC Biased RF Sputtering in a
Helium Atmosphere,” E. Eser, R.E. Ogilvie and K.A. Taylor, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15(2),
396 (1978).
4. “Structural and Compositional Characterization of Sputter Deposited WC-Co Films,” E.
Eser, R.E. Ogilvie and K.A. Taylor, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15(2), 401 (1978).
5. “Plasma Characterization in Sputtering Processes Using the Langmuir Probe Technique,”
E. Eser, R. E. Ogilvie and K.A. Taylor, Thin Solid Films 68, 381 (1980).
6. “The Effect of Bias on DC and RF Sputtered WC-Co Coatings,” E. Eser, R. E. Ogilvie
and K.A. Taylor, Thin Solid Films 67, 265 (1980).
7. “Growth and Evaluation of CdS and (CdZn)S Films for the Fabrication of High
Performance Photovoltaic Devices,” R.B. Hall, R.W. Birkmire, E. Eser, T.L. Hench and
J.D. Meakin, Proc. 14th IEEE PVSC, 706 (1980).
8.
“F-Etched a-Si Films,” Tetrahedrally Bonded Amorphous Semiconductors, V.L. Dalal,
C.M. Fortmann and E. Eser, AIP Conf. Proc.73, American Institute of Physics, 15 (1981).
9. “Grain Structure of CdS and (CdZn)S Films,” E. Eser, and R.B. Hall, Thin Solid Films
86, 31 (1981).
10. “Effects of Oxidation-Reduction Heat Treatments on the Optical Absorption in Cu 2-x S,”
E. Eser and J. Cambridge, Solar Cells 5, 343 (1982).
11. “Junction Geometry in Cu2S/CdS or Cu2S/Cd 1-x Znx Solar Cells Prepared by the Solution
Reaction Method,” E. Eser, Solar Cells 8, 157 (1983).
12. “Manufacturing Process for Interconnected Submodules of Hydrogenated Amorphous
Silicon Photovoltaic Panels,” S.C. Gau, H. Volltrauer, F. Faras, A.E. Delahoy, E. Eser
and Z. Kiss, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 1317 (1985).
13. “Single Chamber Manufacturing Process for Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells,” M. Bohm,
A.E. Delahoy, F.B. Ellis, Jr., E. Eser, S.C. Gau, F.J. Kampas, Z. Kiss, K.R. Ramaprasad,
H. Volltrauer and H. Weakliem, Proc. 18th IEEE PVSC, 888 (1985).
14. “Light-Induced Degradation and Thermal Recovery of the Photoconductivity in
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films,” E. Eser, J. Appl. Phys. 59, 3508 (1986).
15. “Long-Term Stability of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells and Modules,” E. Eser, K.R.
Ramaprasad, H. Volltrauer, F. Ramos, S. C. Gau and R. Vos, Solar Cells 21, 25 (1987).
16. “Interface Chemistry of Tim Oxide and Glow Discharge Deposited Amorphous Silicon
Thin Film Couples,” E. Eser and F. Ramos, Proc. 7th EC PVSEC, 560 (1987).
17. “Photo-Degradation in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films at a High Level of
Illumination,” E. Eser and E. Urbanski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 2124 (1987).
18. “Thermal Stability of Aluminum-Tin Oxide Thin-Film Interface,” E. Eser, F. Ramos, and
J. Grez, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 1238 (1988).
19. “Accelerated Photo-Degradation of Undoped Amorphous Silicon Films at Low
Temperatures: an Experimental Study”, E. Eser and E. Urbanski, Proc. 8th EC PVSEC,
886, (1988).
20. “A 10 Mwp a-Si:H Module Processing Line”, E. Sabisky, Z. Kiss, F. Ellis, E. Eser, S.
Gau, F. Kampas, J. Van Dine, H. Weakliem and T. Varvar, Proc. 1989 Amorphous
Silicon Subcontractors Review Mtg. 297 (1989).
21. “Recent Improvement in Very Large Area a-Si PV Module Manufacturing,” J. Mac Neil,
E. Eser, F. Kampas, J. Xi, A. Delahoy and C.H. Liu, Proc. 9th EC PVSEC (1990).
22. “Transparent Conductive Oxide Contacts for n-i-p and p-i-n Amorphous Silicon Solar
Cells,” S. Hegedus, W. Buchanan, E. Eser, J. Phillips and W. Shafarman, AIP Conf Proc.,
394, 547 (1996).
23. “Improving Performance of Superstrate p-i-n a-Si Solar Cells by Optimization of
n/TCO/Metal Back Contacts,” S. Hegedus, W. Buchanan, E. Eser, Proc. 27th IEEE PVSC,
603 (1997).
24. “Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells: Present Status and Future Potential,” R.W.
Birkmire and E. Eser, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 27, 625 (1997).
25. “Preparation and Characterization of Micro-Crystalline Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide
p-Layers,” E. Eser, S.S. Hegedus, W.A. Buchanan, Proc. 15th NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 254
(1988).
26. “Thin Si P-layers Containing boron Doped Micro-Crystalline Si and a-SiO Phases,”, E.
Eser, W. Buchanan, S. Hegedus, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 183 (2001).
27. “Fabrication of Graded Cu(InGa)Se2 Films by Inline Evaporation,” G.M. Hanket, P.D.
Paulson, U. Singh, S.T. Junker, R.W. Birkmire, F.J.Doyle III, E. Eser, and W.N.
Shafarman, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 499 (2000).
28. “Thin Si p-Layers Containing Boron Doped Micro-Crystalline Si and a-SiOx Phases,” E.
Eser, W. Buchanan and S. Hegedus, NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg. (2001).
29. “Pilot-Scale Manufacture of Cu(InGa)Se2 Films on a Flexible Polymer Substrate,” G.M.
Hanket, U.P. Singh, E. Eser, W.N. Shafarman, R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC,
567 (2002).
30. “Advances in CuInSe2-based Solar Cells: From Fundamentals to Processing,” W.
Shafarman, J. Titus, M. Haimbodi, M. Gossla, G. Hanket, S. Marsillac, T. Minemoto, P.
Paulson, B. Sang, U. Singh, E. Eser, R. Birkmire, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 525
(2003).
31. Determination of Activation Barriers for the Diffusion of Sodium Through CIGS ThinFilm Solar Cells, M.B. Zellner, R.W. Birkmire, E. Eser, W.N. Shafarman, J.G. Chen,
Prog. In Photovolt:Res, Appl. 11(8), 54 (2003).
32. Processing Improvements for Roll-to-Roll Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2, E. Eser, S. Fields,
G. Hanket, R.W. Birkmire, W.N. Shafarman, Solar Energy Tech. Prog. Rev. Mtg., (2004).
33. Critical Issues in Vapor Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 on Polymer Web: Source spitting and
back contact,” E. Eser, S. Fields, G. Hanket, R.W. Birkmire, J. Doody, 31st IEEE PVSC
(2005).
34. “Critical Issues for Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells on Flexible Polymer Web,” Erten Eser,
Shannon Fields, William Shafarman, Robert Birkmire, submitted to the 19th Space
Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference (SPRAT XIX), Sept. 2005.
35. “Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells on a Flexible Polymer Web”, R. W. Birkmire, E. Eser, S.
Fields, W.N. Shafarman, Prog. Photovolt:Res. Appl. 13(2), 141 (2005).
36. “Design Strategy for Scale-Up of Physical Vapor Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 on Flexible
Substrates,” Kapil Mukati, Babatunde A. Ogunnaike, Erten Eser, Shannon Fields, Robert
W. Birkmire, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 1842 (2006).
37. “Scaleup of Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin Film Coevaporative Physical Vapor Deposition Process, 1.
Evaporation Source Model Development,” Kapil Mukati, Babatunde A. Ogunnaike, Erten
Eser, Shannon Fields, and Robert W. Birkmire, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 5975-5991
(2009).
38. “Commercial-Scale Sources for the Evaporation of Elemental Cu, Ga, and In: Modeling,
Design and Validation,” Gregory M. Hanket, Robert W. Birkmire, Shannon Fields, and
Erten Eser, Proc. 35th IEEE PVSC, Waikiki, Hawaii, June 21-25, 2010.
39. “Cu(InGa)Se2 Photovoltaics on Insulated Stainless Steel Web Substrate,” Erten Eser,
Shannon Fields, Woo K. Kim, Elizabeth McQuiston, Kihwan Kim, and William N.
Shafarman, Proc. 35th IEEE PVSC, Waikiki, Hawaii, June 21-25, 2010.
PATENTS
1.
U.S. Patent 4,592,558 dated 1987, “Counteraction of Semiconductor Impurity
Effects,” Inventors: A.E. Delahoy, V.L. Dalal, E. Eser.
2.
U.S. Patent 6,562,405 dated 2003, “Multiple-Nozzle Thermal Evaporation Source,”
Inventors: E. Eser, G.M. Hanket.
3.
U.S. Patent 6,676,994 dated 2004, “Method for Producing Thin Films,” Inventors:
R.W. Birkmire, E. Eser, G.M. Hanket, B.E. McCandless.
Erten Eser
4.
PCT Application 60/620,352 dated 2004, “Formation of Selenide, Sulfide or Mixed
Selenide-Sulfide Films on Metal or Metal Coated Substrates,” Inventors: E. Eser, S.
Fields.
AFFILIATION
American Vacuum Society
American Society for Metals
LANGUAGES
English, French, Turkish