Ann. Funct. Anal. 3 (2012), no. 1, 142–150 WITH PARAMETERS

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Ann. Funct. Anal. 3 (2012), no. 1, 142–150
A nnals of F unctional A nalysis
ISSN: 2008-8752 (electronic)
URL: www.emis.de/journals/AFA/
A NEW HALF-DISCRETE MULHOLLAND-TYPE INEQUALITY
WITH PARAMETERS
BICHENG YANG
Communicated by J. Soria
Abstract. By means of weight functions and Hadamard’s inequality, a new
half-discrete Mulholland-type inequality with a best constant factor is given.
A best extension with parameters, some equivalent forms, the operator expressions as well as some particular cases are also considered.
1. Introduction
R∞
1
Assuming that f, g ∈ L2 (R+ ), ||f || = { 0 f 2 (x)dx} 2 > 0, ||g|| > 0, we have the
following Hilbert’s integral inequality (cf. [3]):
Z ∞Z ∞
f (x)g(y)
dxdy < π||f ||||g||,
(1.1)
x+y
0
0
∞
where the constant factor π is best possible. If a = {an }∞
n=1 , b = {bn }n=1 ∈
P
1
2 2
l2 , ||a|| = { ∞
n=1 an } > 0, ||b|| > 0, then we have the following analogous discrete
Hilbert’s inequality
∞ X
∞
X
am b n
< π||a||||b||,
(1.2)
m+n
m=1 n=1
with the same best constant factor π. Inequalities (1.1) and (1.2) are important
in analysis and its applications (cf. [10, 11, 12]). On the other-hand, we have the
following Mulholland’s inequality with the same best constant factor (cf. [3, 20]):
( ∞
) 21
∞
∞ X
∞
X
X
X
am b n
nb2n
<π
ma2m
.
(1.3)
ln
mn
m=2
n=2
m=2 n=2
Date: Received: 6 December 2011; Accepted: 3 March 2012.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 26D15; Secondary 47A07.
Key words and phrases. Mulholland-type inequality, weight function, equivalent form.
142
HALF-DISCRETE MULHOLLAND-TYPE INEQUALITY WITH PARAMETERS
143
In 1998, by introducing an independent parameter λ ∈ (0, 1], Yang [14] gave
an extension of (1.1). Refinement the results from [14], Yang [15] gave some best
extensions of (1.1) and (1.2): If p > 1, p1 + 1q = 1, λ1 + λ2 = λ, kλ (x, y) is a nonR∞
negative homogeneous function of degree −λ satisfying k(λ1 ) = 0 kλ (t, 1)tλ1 −1 dt
∈ R+ , φ(x) = xp(1−λ1 )−1 , ψ(x) = xq(1−λ2 )−1 ,
Z ∞
1
φ(x)|f (x)|p dx} p < ∞},
f (≥ 0) ∈ Lp,φ (R+ ) = {f |||f ||p,φ := {
0
g(≥ 0) ∈ Lq,ψ (R+ ), and ||f ||p,φ , ||g||q,ψ > 0, then
Z ∞Z ∞
kλ (x, y)f (x)g(y)dxdy < k(λ1 )||f ||p,φ ||g||q,ψ ,
0
(1.4)
0
where the constant factor k(λ1 ) is best possible. Moreover if kλ (x, y) is finite and
kλ (x, y)xλ1 −1 (kλ (x, y)y λ2 −1 ) is decreasing for x > 0(y > 0), then for am, bn ≥ 0,
P∞
1
∞
p p
a = {am }∞
m=1 ∈ lp,φ = {a|||a||p,φ := {
n=1 φ(n)|an | } < ∞}, and b = {bn }n=1 ∈
lq,ψ , ||a||p,φ , ||b||q,ψ > 0, we have
∞ X
∞
X
kλ (m, n)am bn < k(λ1 )||a||p,φ ||b||q,ψ ,
(1.5)
m=1 n=1
where the constant k(λ1 ) is still best value. Clearly, for p = q = 2, λ =
1
1, k1 (x, y) = x+y
, λ1 = λ2 = 21 , (1.4) reduces to (1.1), while (1.5) reduces to
(1.2).
Some other results about Hilbert-type inequalities can be found in [9]-[16]. On
half-discrete Hilbert-type inequalities with the general non-homogeneous kernels,
Hardy et al. provided a few results in Theorem 351 of [3]. But they did not
prove that the constant factors are best possible. In 2005, Yang [18] gave a result
1
with the kernel (1+nx)
λ by introducing a variable and proved that the constant
factor is best possible. Very recently, Yang [19, 20] gave the following half-discrete
Hilbert’s inequality with best constant factor:
Z ∞
∞
X
an
f (x)
dx < π||f ||||a||.
(1.6)
(x + n)λ
0
n=1
In this paper, by means of weight functions and Hadamard’s inequality, a new
half-discrete Mulholland-type inequality similar to (1.3) and (1.6) with a best
constant factor is given as follows:
Z ∞
∞
X
an
f (x)
dx
3
1 + ln(x − 12 ) ln(n − 12 )
n=2
2
) 12
(Z
∞
∞
X
1
1
< π
(x − )f 2 (x)dx
(n − )a2n
.
(1.7)
3
2
2
n=2
2
Moreover, a best extension of (1.7) with multi-parameters, some equivalent forms,
the operator expressions as well as some particular inequalities are considered.
144
B. YANG
2. Some lemmas
Lemma 2.1. If 0 < λ ≤ 2, α ∈ R, β ≤ 12 , and ω(n) and $(x) are weight
functions given by
λ
λ
Z ∞
ln 2 (n − β) ln 2 −1 (x − α)dx
ω(n) : =
, n ∈ N\{1},
(2.1)
λ
1+α (x − α)[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]
λ
λ
∞
X
ln 2 (x − α) ln 2 −1 (n − β)
$(x) : =
, x > 1 + α,
(2.2)
λ
(n
−
β)[1
+
ln(x
−
α)
ln(n
−
β)]
n=2
then we have
λ λ
(2.3)
$(x) < ω(n) = B( , ).
2 2
Proof. Substituting t = ln(x − α) ln(n − β) in (2.1), and by simple calculation,
we have
Z ∞
λ
1
λ λ
ω(n) =
t 2 −1 dt = B( , ).
λ
(1 + t)
2 2
0
For fixed x > 1 + α, in view of the conditions, it is easy to see that
λ
ln 2 −1 (y − β)
h(x, y) :=
(y − β)[1 + ln(x − α) ln(y − β)]λ
is decreasing and strictly convex with h0y (x, y) < 0 and h00y2 (x, y) > 0, for y ∈
( 23 , ∞). Hence by (2.2) and Hadamard’s inequality (cf. [7]), we find
λ
Z ∞
λ
ln 2 −1 (y − β)dy
$(x) < ln 2 (x − α)
3
(y − β)[1 + ln(x − α) ln(y − β)]λ
2
Z ∞
λ
λ λ
t 2 −1
t=ln(x−α) ln(y−β)
=
dt
≤
B(
, ),
λ
2 2
ln(x−α) ln( 32 −β) (1 + t)
and (2.3) follows.
Lemma 2.2. Let the assumptions of Lemma 1 be fulfilled and additionally, let
p > 1, p1 + 1q = 1, an ≥ 0, n ∈ N\{1}, f (x) is a non-negative measurable function
in (1 + α, ∞). Then we have the following inequalities:
(∞
p ) p1
X ln pλ2 −1 (n − β) Z ∞
f (x)dx
J :=
λ
n−β
1+α [1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]
n=2
1 Z ∞
p1
λ λ q
p(1− λ
)−1
p−1
p
2
≤ B( , )
$(x)(x − α) ln
(x − α)f (x)dx ,
(2.4)
2 2
1+α
(Z
"∞
#q ) 1q
qλ
∞
(x − α) 2 −1 X
an
L1 : =
dx
q−1
λ
[1
+
ln(x
−
α)
ln(n
−
β)]
1+α [$(x)]
n=2
(
) 1q
∞
λ
λ λ X
≤
B( , )
(n − β)q−1 lnq(1− 2 )−1 (n − β)aqn
.
(2.5)
2 2 n=2
HALF-DISCRETE MULHOLLAND-TYPE INEQUALITY WITH PARAMETERS
Proof. Setting k(x, n) :=
(2.3), it follows
Z ∞
1
,
[1+ln(x−α) ln(n−β)]λ
145
by Hölder’s inequality (cf. [7]) and
p
f (x)dx
[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
#
(Z1+α
"
1
)/q
(1− λ
∞
q
2
(x − α) (x − α) f (x)
ln
=
k(x, n)
1
(1− λ
)/p
1+α
ln 2 (n − β) (n − β) p
"
×
Z
λ
1
λ
1
ln(1− 2 )/p (n − β) (n − β) p
ln(1− 2 )/q (x − α) (x − α) q
k(x, n)
1+α
k(x, n)
1+α
dx
(x − α)p−1 ln(1− 2 )(p−1) (x − α)
1− λ
2
(n − β) ln
(n − β)
f p (x)dx
)p−1
λ
∞
×
)p
λ
∞
≤
(Z
#
(n − β)q−1 ln(1− 2 )(q−1) (n − β)
λ
(x − α) ln1− 2 (x − α)
dx
)p−1
λ
lnq(1− 2 )−1 (n − β)
=
ω(n)
(n − β)1−q
λ
Z ∞
(x − α)p−1 ln(1− 2 )(p−1) (x − α) p
×
k(x, n)
f (x)dx
λ
1+α
(n − β) ln1− 2 (n − β)
λ λ p−1
λ
Z
(n − β) ∞
B( 2 , 2 )
(x − α)p−1 ln(1− 2 )(p−1) (x − α)f p (x)
dx.
=
k(x, n)
pλ
λ
1+α
(n − β) ln1− 2 (n − β)
ln 2 −1 (n − β)
(
Then by the Lebesgue term by term integration theorem (cf. [8]), we have
) p1
1 ( ∞ Z
λ
λ λ q X ∞
(x − α)p−1 ln(1− 2 )(p−1) (x − α) p
J ≤ B( , )
k(x, n)
f (x)dx
1− λ
2 2
2 (n − β)
1+α
(n
−
β)
ln
n=2
) p1
1q (Z ∞ X
λ
∞
λ λ
(x − α)p−1 ln(1− 2 )(p−1) (x − α) p
= B( , )
k(x, n)
f (x)dx
λ
2 2
1+α n=2
(n − β) ln1− 2 (n − β)
1 Z ∞
p1
λ λ q
p(1− λ
)−1
p−1
p
2
= B( , )
$(x)(x − α) ln
(x − α)f (x)dx ,
2 2
1+α
hence, (2.4) follows. By Hölder’s inequality again, we have
"∞
#
#q ( ∞
"
1
λ
X
X
(x − α) q ln(1− 2 )/q (x − α)
k(x, n)an =
k(x, n)
1
λ
(n − β) p ln(1− 2 )/p (n − β)
n=2
n=2
146
B. YANG
"
×
≤
1
λ
ln(1− 2 )/p (n − β) (n − β) p an
1
λ
ln(1− 2 )/q (x − α) (x − α) q
(∞
X
λ
k(x, n)
n=2
×
∞
X
#)q
(x − α)p−1 ln(1− 2 )(p−1) (x − α)
)q−1
λ
(n − β) ln1− 2 (n − β)
λ
k(x, n)
(n − β)q−1 ln(1− 2 )(q−1) (n − β)
1− λ
2
aqn
(x − α) ln
(x − α)
λ
∞
λ
[$(x)]q−1 (x − α) X
ln 2 −1 (x − α)
=
k(x, n)
ln(1− 2 )(q−1) (n − β)aqn .
qλ
1−q
(x − α)(n − β)
ln 2 −1 (x − α) n=2
n=2
By Lebesgue term by term integration theorem, we have
) 1q
(Z
λ
∞
∞ X
λ
ln 2 −1 (x − α)
(n − β)q−1 ln(1− 2 )(q−1) (n − β)aqn dx
k(x, n)
L1 ≤
(x
−
α)
1+α n=2
=
#
) 1q
λ
λ
λ
ln 2 (n − β) ln 2 −1 (x − α)dx lnq(1− 2 )−1 (n − β) q
k(x, n)
an
x−α
(n − β)1−q
1+α
( ∞ "Z
X
n=2
∞
=
(∞
X
) 1q
q(1− λ
)−1
2
ω(n)(n − β)q−1 ln
(n − β)aqn
,
n=2
and in view of (2.3), inequality (2.5) follows.
3. Main results
We introduce the functions
λ
Φ(x) : = (x − α)p−1 lnp(1− 2 )−1 (x − α)(x ∈ (1 + α, ∞)),
λ
Ψ(n) : = (n − β)q−1 lnq(1− 2 )−1 (n − β)(n ∈ N\{1}),
wherefrom [Φ(x)]1−q =
1
x−α
qλ
ln 2 −1 (x − α), and [Ψ(n)]1−p =
1
n−β
pλ
ln 2 −1 (n − β).
Theorem 3.1. If 0 < λ ≤ 2, α ∈ R, β ≤ 12 , p > 1, p1 + 1q = 1, f (x), an ≥ 0,
f ∈ Lp,Φ (1 + α, ∞), a = {an }∞
n=2 ∈ lq,Ψ , ||f ||p,Φ > 0 and ||a||q,Ψ > 0, then we have
the following equivalent inequalities:
∞ Z ∞
X
an f (x)dx
I : =
[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
n=2 1+α
Z ∞ X
∞
an f (x)dx
λ λ
=
< B( , )||f ||p,Φ ||a||q,Ψ , (3.1)
λ
2 2
1+α n=2 [1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]
HALF-DISCRETE MULHOLLAND-TYPE INEQUALITY WITH PARAMETERS
J =
(∞
X
[Ψ(n)]1−p
Z
∞
1+α
n=2
f (x)dx
[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
p ) p1
λ λ
< B( , )||f ||p,Φ ,
2 2
(Z
L
:
=
1+α
(3.2)
"
∞
[Φ(x)]1−q
147
∞
X
n=2
an
[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
) 1q
#q
dx
λ λ
< B( , )||a||q,Ψ ,
2 2
where the constant B( λ2 , λ2 ) is the best possible in the above inequalities.
(3.3)
Proof. The two expressions for I in (3.1) follow from Lebesgue’s term by term
integration theorem. By (2.4) and (2.3), we have (3.2). By Hölder’s inequality,
we have
Z ∞
∞ X
−1
1
f (x)dx
q
I=
Ψ (n)
[Ψ q (n)an ] ≤ J||a||q,Ψ . (3.4)
λ
1+α [1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]
n=2
Then by (3.2), we have (3.1). On the other-hand, assume that (3.1) is valid.
Setting
Z ∞
p−1
f (x)dx
1−p
an := [Ψ(n)]
, n ∈ N\{1},
λ
1+α [1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]
where J p−1 = ||a||q,Ψ . By (2.4), we find J < ∞. If J = 0, then (3.2) is trivially
valid; if J > 0, then by (3.1), we have
λ λ
||a||qq,Ψ = J q(p−1) = J p = I < B( , )||f ||p,Φ ||a||q,Ψ ,
2 2
λ λ
therefore ||a||q−1
q,Ψ = J < B( 2 , 2 )||f ||p,Φ , that is, (3.2) is equivalent to (3.1). On
the other-hand, by (2.3) we have [$(x) ]1−q > [B( λ2 , λ2 )]1−q . Then in view of (2.5),
we have (3.3). By Hölder’s inequality, we find
"
#
Z ∞
∞
X
−1
1
a
n
I=
[Φ p (x)f (x)] Φ p (x)
dx ≤ ||f ||p,Φ L.
λ
[1
+
ln(x
−
α)
ln(n
−
β)]
1+α
n=2
(3.5)
Then by (3.3), we have (3.1). On the other-hand, assume that (3.1) is valid.
Setting
"∞
#q−1
X
a
n
f (x) := [Φ(x)]1−q
, x ∈ (1 + α, ∞),
[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
n=2
then Lq−1 = ||f ||p,Φ . By (2.5), we find L < ∞. If L = 0, then (3.3) is trivially
valid; if L > 0, then by (3.1), we have
λ λ
||f ||pp,Φ = Lp(q−1) = I < B( , )||f ||p,Φ ||a||q,Ψ ,
2 2
148
B. YANG
λ λ
therefore ||f ||p−1
p,Φ = L < B( 2 , 2 )||a||q,Ψ , that is, (3.3) is equivalent to (3.1). Hence,
(3.1), (3.2) and (3.3) are equivalent.
ε
λ
1
, setting fe(x) = x−α
ln 2 + p −1 (x − α), x ∈ (1 + α, e + α); fe(x) =
For 0 < ε < pλ
2
λ
ε
1
0, x ∈ [e + α, ∞), and e
an = n−β
ln 2 − q −1 (n − β), n ∈ N\{1}, if there exists a
positive number k(≤ B( λ2 , λ2 )), such that (3.1) is valid as we replace B( λ2 , λ2 ) with
k, then in particular, it follows that
∞ Z ∞
X
e
an fe(x)dx
Ie :=
< k||fe||p,Φ ||e
a||q,Ψ
λ
[1
+
ln(x
−
α)
ln(n
−
β)]
1+α
n=2
p1
Z e+α
dx
= k
−ε+1
(x − α)
1+α (x − α) ln
) 1q
(
∞
X
1
1
+
×
(2 − β) lnε+1 (2 − β) n=3 (n − β) lnε+1 (n − β)
1q
Z ∞
1 p1
1
dy
< k( )
+
ε
(2 − β) lnε+1 (2 − β)
(y − β) lnε+1 (y − β)
2
1q
k
ε
1
=
+
,
(3.6)
ε (2 − β) lnε+1 (2 − β) lnε (2 − β)
Ie =
λ
ε
Z
∞
X
ln 2 − q −1 (n − β)
n−β
n=2
e+α
1+α
λ
ε
ln 2 + p −1 (x − α)dx
(x − α)[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
Z ln(n−β) λ2 + pε −1
1
t
=
dt
ε+1
(1 + t)λ
(n − β) ln (n − β) 0
n=2
∞
λ ε λ ε X
1
= B
− A(ε)
+ , −
2 p 2 p n=2 (n − β) lnε+1 (n − β)
Z ∞
λ ε λ ε
dy
> B
+ , −
− A(ε)
2 p 2 p
(y − β) lnε+1 (y − β)
2
1
λ ε λ ε
=
B
+ , −
− A(ε),
ε lnε (2 − β)
2 p 2 p
Z ∞
∞
X
λ
ε
1
1
A(ε) : =
t 2 + p −1 dt.
(3.7)
ε+1
λ
(t
+
1)
(n
−
β)
ln
(n
−
β)
ln(n−β)
n=2
t=ln(x−α) ln(n−β)
∞
X
We find
0 < A(ε) ≤
=
λ
2
1
−
∞
X
n=2
∞
X
ε
p n=2
1
(n − β) lnε+1 (n − β)
(n − β) ln
Z
1
λ
+ qε +1
2
∞
ln(n−β)
< ∞,
(n − β)
1 λ2 + pε −1
t
dt
tλ
HALF-DISCRETE MULHOLLAND-TYPE INEQUALITY WITH PARAMETERS
149
and so A(ε) = O(1)(ε → 0+ ). Hence by (3.6) and (3.7), it follows that
1
λ ε λ ε
B
+ , −
− εO(1)
lnε (2 − β)
2 p 2 p
1q
ε
1
< k
+
,
(2 − β) lnε+1 (2 − β) lnε (2 − β)
and B( λ2 , λ2 ) ≤ k(ε → 0+ ). Hence k = B( λ2 , λ2 ) is the best value of (3.1).
By the equivalence of the inequalities, in view of (3.4) and (3.5), the constant
factor B( λ2 , λ2 ) in (3.2) and (3.3) is the best possible.
Remark 3.2. (i) Define the first type half-discrete Hilbert-type operator T1 :
Lp,Φ (1 + α, ∞) → lp,Ψ1−p as follows: For f ∈ Lp,Φ (1 + α, ∞), we define T1 f
∈ lp,Ψ1−p by
Z ∞
1
f (x)dx, n ∈ N\{1}.
T1 f (n) =
λ
1+α [1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]
Then by (3.2), ||T1 f ||p.Ψ1−p ≤ B( λ2 , λ2 )||f ||p,Φ and so T1 is a bounded operator
with ||T1 || ≤ B( λ2 , λ2 ). Since by Theorem 3.1, the constant factor in (3.2) is best
possible, we have ||T1 || = B( λ2 , λ2 ).
(ii) Define the second type half-discrete Hilbert-type operator T2 : lq,Ψ →
Lq,Φ1−q (1 + α, ∞) as follows: For a ∈ lq,Ψ , we define T2 a ∈ Lq,Φ1−q (1 + α, ∞) by
T2 a(x) =
∞
X
n=2
1
an , x ∈ (1 + α, ∞).
[1 + ln(x − α) ln(n − β)]λ
Then by (3.3), ||T2 a||q.Φ1−q ≤ B( λ2 , λ2 )||a||q,Ψ and so T2 is a bounded operator
with ||T2 || ≤ B( λ2 , λ2 ). Since by Theorem 3.1, the constant factor in (3.3) is best
possible, we have ||T2 || = B( λ2 , λ2 ).
Remark 3.3. For p = q = 2, λ = 1 in (3.1), (3.2) and (3.3), (i) if α = β = 12 , then
we have (1.7) and the following equivalent inequalities:
"Z
#2
Z ∞
∞
∞
X
1
f (x)dx
1
2
<π
(x − )f 2 (x)dx,
1
1
1
3
3
2
n− 2
1 + ln(x − 2 ) ln(n − 2 )
n=2
2
2
∞
Z
3
2
1
x−
"
1
2
∞
X
n=2
an
1 + ln(x − 21 ) ln(n − 12 )
#2
dx < π
2
∞
X
1
(n − )a2n ;
2
n=2
(ii) if α = β = 0, then we have the following equivalent inequalities
(Z
) 21
Z ∞
∞
∞
∞
X
X
an
f (x)
dx < π
xf 2 (x)dx
na2n
,
1
+
ln
x
ln
n
1
1
n=2
n=2
Z ∞
2
Z ∞
∞
X
f (x)
1
2
dx < π
xf 2 (x)dx,
n
1
+
ln
x
ln
n
1
1
n=2
150
B. YANG
Z
1
∞
"∞
#2
∞
X
1 X
an
2
na2n .
dx < π
x n=2 1 + ln x ln n
n=2
Acknowledgement. This work is supported by Chinese Guangdong Natural
Science Foundation (No. 7004344).
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Department of Mathematics, Guangdong University of and Education, Guangzhou,
Guangdong 510303, P. R. China.
E-mail address: bcyang@gdei.edu.cn
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