© 2013
A Semantic Testbed for Smart Grid
Information Standards
Steve Ray
Testbeds for Smart Grids and Smart Cities
April 1, 2015
IBM Research
Electrical Grid
Models of
electricity
Electricity
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Smart Electrical Grid
Models of
electricity
Electricity
Information
Models of
information
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How is Smart Grid Information Modeled?
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Part of a UML Model
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Some Smart Grid Information Standards
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62351-7 comm net
and system mgnt
WS Calendar
EMIX
CIM 61970
OASIS energy
interop
CIM 62325
CIM 61968
OpenADR
C12.19
ICCP
Multispeak
61850-410
hydro
61400-25-2
wind
Zigbee smart
energy profile
ISA88
61850-420
DER
(solar…)
IEEE 1815
dnp3
61850
ISA95
IEEE c37.239
comfede
61850-420
DER
(solar…)
ASHRAE
SPC201
FSGIM
ISO 16484
BACnet
naspi
NAESB
energy usage
info
CEA 709
LonTalk
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Challenge
 How to test whether an information standard
(i.e. information model)
1. is self consistent? (verification testing)
2. is compatible with other standards? (to support
interoperability)
– How to reconcile vocabularies, concepts and relations
among all the smart grid information standards?
 Information models are engineered artifacts
designed within a stated or unstated context
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“Meter”
Do they all really mean the same thing?
Multispeak V4.1
IEC 61968
IEC 61970
NAESB PAP10
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What’s the risk?
 You might have connectivity but not interoperability
 Misunderstanding of information flowing between systems
Sep. 30, 1999
 “Set Thruster to 324.59”
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Need context (a.k.a. metadata)
“Set Thruster to 324.59”
Impulse
Newton-second
Thruster setting
324.59
(…without even getting into uncertainty)
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ASHRAE SPC201 Standard (excerpt)
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Semantic Testbed
Standards
Testing the integrity of a standard
Text
Semantic representation
Web Ontology Language
(OWL)
UML
Model
Transformation
XSD
Model Verification Testing
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Multiple Smart Grid Standards
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Pick-lists of queries
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Sample Query
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Viewing and Navigation between classes
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Benefits
 Exhaustively searches a standard to find errors
that might escape human detection
– Orphan definitions (defined but never used)
– Opportunities for model refactoring (similar classes)
– Disallowed changes to imported standards
– Redundant classes and properties
– Non-standard data type definitions
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After Verification Testing
 Model Healing
– Recommendations to correct errors
– Automatic error correction for native OWL specifications
 Conformance Testing
– Does a particular implementation properly represent the
information according to the standard?
– Generation of reference data sets
 Standards Harmonization
– Checking for missing information
– Information present in one standard but not in another
– Mapping among different ways of modeling the same information
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Thank you
More information: steve.ray@sv.cmu.edu
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