411716 KN: Hi everyone. My name’s Katie Newcomb, and I’m excited to present this webinar today. The topic is ‘Water Conservation, the Water Footprint Team, and the Status of the Top Ten Actions Letter.’ Today we’ll be talking about irrigation conservation, rainwater harvesting, water efficiency measures, top ten actions results and tips for success. And we’ll begin with an introduction to the Water Footprint Team. So I’m happy to introduce Dan Golub, he’s a biologist for the team’s enterprise unit in Pennsylvania, and he’ll be giving you guys an introduction to the Water Footprint Team. So Dan, whenever you’re ready. DG: All right, thanks. You can go ahead and move to the next slide there. So, I’m going to talk a little bit about the Sustainable Operations Collective Water Footprint Team. The purpose as you can see on the slide is to provide a more accurate estimate and account of water consumption nationally. Currently we only pay for and meter some of our water and the water that we report to USDA and then up to CEQ and the Department of Energy are all based on the water that we paid for. But we know that we have in some cases some fairly large buildings that have their own wells that may be metered but are not being paid for, and therefore are not considered when we submit this estimate upwards to [CUOCA]. So that’s a little bit about the state of our estimate. So for this team we’ve got three outcomes and corresponding measures of success. First outcome is to develop a water use estimation tool for these buildings that are supplied by Forest Service-owned water systems, as opposed to municipal systems. A couple years ago, Sarah Baker and I, who we co-lead this Water Footprint Team, we have been working on this water estimating tool for a couple of years. About two years ago we got data from about 45 buildings that were 5,000 square feet and larger, that were metered and on municipal systems, so we have good data for those buildings. And the types of buildings spanned from bunkhouses and offices to visitor centers, warehouses, and whatever type of buildings we have that are over 5,000 square feet. I think in the end we got rid of warehouses because I, there’s very little associated water use. But we did have a couple of fire related units that we included in there. So we used this data and determined what kind of water saving measures they had in place, such as low flow toilets or low flow faucets, or rain barrels, or any of the 411716 kind of water conservation measures that facility managers and building managers can take. And we got full time equivalents for the population of the building, water cost and consumption, square footage of the building and building type. And sort of separated everything out that way and tried to develop sort of like a baseline use by square feet, and then figure out which of the water conservation measures were in place, and how much those measures could eventually save. But because we only had 46 buildings and we didn’t have all data from all buildings, it, we just didn’t have enough data to really make a tool that was robust that would really reflect any real use by other people that are trying to use this tool to estimate. So we have kind of a plan to use data out of [INFRA] and data out of the National Financial Center for a larger number of buildings, and to get better estimates for these water conservation measures, and take another go at this tool. I know last year, and Sarah, if she were here, could probably talk with more detail to this, but last year she did sort of iteration number two of this tool, and it was a little more focused and I think it, it was a little bit better but still not what we wanted. So as outcome number one, we want to try to tackle this water estimation tool and get something out there for folks to use. It’s not perfect, because a lot of times when things are based on population, the only way that you can really show savings is by reducing the population in the building. And so it’s not a very good way to show the results of these efforts that we’ve been making, agency wide. But maybe with the, with a better way to get estimates out of the water conservation measures that people implement, we can start seeing some results that are not just based on employee populations, you know, in order to show some real reduction. All that said, there really is no substitute for getting a meter reading. That’s really the best way to see how much water has been used in an individual building. But sometimes these buildings are fairly rural and you know, may take a half day’s trip or more for someone to go out and read this meter. So that’s not always feasible. So having an estimation tool like this, we’re hoping may be useful for folks out in the field. Outcome number two is to have this outline put together of a water consumption reduction strategy. And this will be 411716 very similar to this energy consumption reduction strategy that we’ve been on, or that I’ve been working on with a slightly different group, although there’s a lot of overlap in the participants. And for the energy reduction strategy, which this water strategy will reflect, we get [deputy] areas together and figure out what outcomes we want, what are the goals of the strategy; how, what individual actions do we want to take to reduce consumption. And that’s sort of just a brainstorming session where we come up with some actions. After we get these actions together then we assign deputy areas and staff areas within those deputy areas, with individual names connected to them so that it’s very clear who’s responsible for making sure these actions happen. And then below the staff level we identify an individual, and that ends up being someone like me, who is kind of at the worker bee level, where we get these actions sort of assigned according to, you know, the, what is our subject matter of expertise, and as these actions are implemented, the, it’s, the plan moves forward. And we’re starting to see some movement with completion of some actions on the energy plan and it seems to be working well. So with luck the water consumption strategy will do the same thing, and as some actions start being implemented we can really start to make some strides in reducing water consumption. And then the third outcome there is just to coordinate with the communications team. That’s fairly self explanatory. We just want to get these tools and the strategy out to people so they can see what’s going on and, you know, even provide some input if people are interested. You can go ahead and go to the next slide. So this is, I just wanted to show everybody the numbers that we’ve been recording [up] in the past few years. This is water cost. And so this is at a fairly accurate reflection of costs. I don’t know where the ’07 numbers came from but I got the numbers together for the 2010, ’11 and ’12. And you see that there is an increase in consumption each year. It should be said, though, that I cannot really vouch for the accuracy of these numbers, because the invoices that come in are, they can include everything that’s on a bill from a municipality, in the cases where the water is from a municipality. And so that can include trash, sewer charges, administrative charges, as well as actual charges for water consumption. And the way that, the way that the NFC system works right now is that they get these invoices in, take the entire cost of the invoice, don’t break it out by water, trash, sewer, or whatever. And just apply a cost per 411716 unit factor to the number, and that’s how they report consumption. So the costs do reflect the invoices, but the invoices don’t show only water consumption. So you really have to keep that in mind when you’re looking at these numbers, because you know cost per gallon or, there are so many things that can affect this number that really don’t relate in any way to water consumption. But all that said, again, this is what has been reported because this is the best we’ve got at this point. Next slide please. And so this is the agency-wide gross square footage of our facilities that we’re reporting water usage for. That’s relevant because we are ultimately judged on a water use intensity number, which is gallons per gross square foot, and so our, the gross square footage makes a big difference in that. In 2007, USDA gave us the number for the Forest Service but in the other years, ’10, ’11 and ’12, that number came from Washington Office Engineering. And so in 2007 that number was a little bit higher and so the water use intensity was kind of spread out a little thinner over, over a larger number of gross square feet. But in ’10, ’11 and ’12 that number has stayed fairly consistent. So if you go to the next slide, Katie, we can see that this water use intensity was higher in ’07, which may have been due to costs or, you know, again I’m not sure where that cost number in ’07 came from. But ’10, ’11 and ’12 we’re seeing that water use intensity increasing because of the cost increase, while the gross square footage stayed consistent. So that’s where things stand from, up to now. In about, we’re thinking about five months or so, there’s a new invoice management system that’s coming online where they will have the ability to differentiate on those water bills between actual water consumption and those other charges, like administrative, trash and sewer, and others. And so in the future, we, I think this gross square footage number is pretty good. It’s pretty accurate. But our water costs and with that cost per unit factor applied, therefore our consumption, has been going up and we just don’t know how to really interpret those numbers in the future, starting, well, starting hopefully this year, we will be able to really get I think a better picture of our actual water use for those facilities where we are actually paying a metered cost per gallon. And then with this estimation tool, if we can get that fairly well put together and feel good about the number of its outputting, we, I think, in just, starting with this fiscal year onward, we should have a 411716 much more accurate picture of our water consumption. And as, you know, if people do connect meters to some sort of a web based system or if people are feeling compelled to go out and read these metered systems that we’re not paying for and we can actually get them real numbers, that’s only going to help improve our estimates in the future. So it’s, in the past we’re, I’m not real happy or confident with the way that the numbers look, but from now on I think we’re going to have a much, a much nicer picture. And we can really make the more informed decisions about where and how to implement some actions that are going to make a real difference in our overall consumption. And that’s it for me. KN: Great. Thanks so much, Dan. It’ll be exciting to see what your team, how your team’s deliverables progress. So thanks for your time. DG: Sure thing. KN: If you guys have questions for Dan, we’ll take questions about halfway through and at the end of the webinar. So if you have questions please just note them. You will have a chance to ask those in a little bit. Now I’d like to present our next speaker. It’s Michael Alexander, the Assistant Forest Engineer at the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, and he’ll be talking about irrigation conservation. So whenever you’re ready, Michael. MA: All right, well, thank you. I’m just going to present a little information about one of our buildings here at the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. It’s our supervisor’s office, and it housed a good portion of our employees. If you want to go to the next slide please. So the – our supervisor’s office was constructed in 2003. The consumption at our facility was primarily for the office employees. There’s not a really large field contingent at the office, it’s mostly the hundred or so employees that use the break room and the occasional shower. And also the irrigation at the facility. Beginning in about 2008, about five years after construction, the irrigation in the parking lot and around the grounds began to deteriorate and become more prone to leaks, although the leaks that were observed generally weren’t that alarming. They were at times of course spraying into the air, and those are the 411716 types of leaks that we were able to respond to quickly. But it generally was just deteriorating, even after only five years. Next slide, please. So we fortunately are metered at the building and by the utility district, and so we were able to track with the meter water consumption. And generally we observed obviously that in the summer the consumption was getting worse and worse each year, so in 2008, in the summer, we were using on average 33 gallons per person per day. In 2009 that jumped up to 47. And in 2010 it became 143 gallons per person per day of occupying the building. So obviously during the winter and spring and fall the consumption was, was much lower. And so if you go on to the next slide. We looked into the Federal Energy Management Program Water Use indices and they suggest that at an office facility we should be consuming approximately 15 gallons per person per day. That’s not to be confused with say residential consumption, when people are at their homes. Those are usually in 150 to 200 gallons per person per day, but just the consumption in the office should be in the 15 gallons per day, per person, which is similar to what we had been metering in the off season. It’s pretty obvious to us that it was our irrigation system that was contributing to the, essentially the wasting of water, as it become, as it became deteriorated and exceeded its useful life. So in 2011 we simply didn’t turn the irrigation system on during the summer. And if you go to the next slide, this shows our water consumption in the summer of 2011, in 2012 it essentially eliminated the wasted water. We went down to around 13 gallons per person per day, or 11 per person per day during the summer of 2011 and ’12. So we’re in line with what we’d expect to consume at a facility such as this. Do you want to go to the next slide? So because of this, because of our shutting off the irrigation at our supervisor’s office, we’re now consuming approximately 250,000 gallons less per month during the summer season, and this translates to a savings to the agency of approximately $2,000 per year, compared to the consumption in 2010. Since this time we have not irrigated landscaping at many of our administrative facilities. There’s a few sites that have a small lawn. But we’ve generally been just irrigating less and less. Vegetation here at the supervisor’s office responded accordingly, and 411716 some plants died, some trees died. But generally the plants that were able to sustain their existence without irrigation, they’re doing just fine. Next slide. So we look at our other sites and how do we know when we have a water leak at an underground water system? We got a picture of one of our sites, one of our employees that helped us shut off a leaking system that it, that took place in the middle of the winter. We would have no idea that this leak occurred other than it was enormous. So I don’t know how much water was lost during this leak. Some of the other leaks are much more subtle. But whenever you see ponded water on the surface, or enormous amounts of water flowing on the surface, there’s a pretty good chance that there’s either a leak or it’s a natural seep. But these are in locations in Tahoe where we would never expect to see seeps such as this. So these are a couple pictures of real obvious underground water pipe leaks. If you go to the next slide, please. So here’s a couple pictures of less obvious. The one on the right, on asphalt, was just a small amount of ponding on the surface of the asphalt. And it was from a one inch split, and the water loss was tremendous, but the soils were so porous that the, it took a very long time for this leak to make its way to the surface. Another picture here on the left, with a corroded pipe. There was water visible at the surface, but it was more the fact that there was lush vegetation in a location we wouldn’t expect to see any vegetation, it really clued us in to the fact there was a leak. And this is a four inch pipe, and the hole in the pipe was a little bit smaller than a dime. But the pressure was probably 80 pounds per square inch. And so the amount of water that could leak through that, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, is considerable. So next slide please. So this is my last slide. Some of the conclusions that we have come up with is that most water leaks here on our unit are generally related to irrigation systems. They are not necessarily installed to the same standards as a drinking water system: they’re close to the surface, they’re more susceptible to freezing, they’re more susceptible to breakage, and really they’re not a priority for maintenance. So too often they become neglected and a source of leaks. The other obvious source of leaks are old water systems that are beyond their service life. Old 411716 system that are either corroded, were not necessarily installed properly, to have enough clearance to the ground, so they might be disturbed from trail construction activity or other issues. And what we’ve been doing is trying to identify the leaks and one measure is to have meters installed. And of course a meter that’s installed doesn’t do you any good if you’re not able to read it. And it’s very time consuming to travel around and record the meters. But at our larger sites we’ve been doing that at least once or twice a year, and more frequently helps identify either leaks or perhaps some uses that aren’t very efficient. And of course if anybody were to, we had several times when the public comes to us and says wow, we see this ginormous amount of water flowing from your water tank, or from a faucet that’s broken, or even the small leaks. We see that ourselves, our maintenance staff or the public points that out to us, and either just ponding on the surface, flowing water, or like I said unusual vegetation really keys us in to water leaks. But that’s pretty much all I had. If there’s any questions we can either take them now or later. KN: Great. Thanks, Michael. That’s a great example of a way to significantly reduce your water use. And I think we have time for just a couple questions, so if you guys press *1 on your phones, if you have questions for either Dan or Michael, or you can type into the notes as Melanie explained at the beginning. But we probably just have time for one or two questions. And Melanie, it looks like there’s one over the phone? MOD: Yep, I will unmute that line. LP: This is Lara Polansky, National Sus Ops Program Manager. This question is for Michael. What a fantastic case study. And I’m so glad to see this project out of Region 5, which is my home region when I’m not on detail. The question I had really it’s mostly to some [UNINT} efforts that I’ve seen related to their scaping. Do you have any concept of the return on investment one might get from investing in xeriscaping, such that irrigation is not needed. We’ve seen an example of $2,000 per year savings compared to before the irrigation was shut off. But xeriscaping of course is a cost as well. Any idea of what that return on investment might be? 411716 MA: Well, yeah, it’s, it’s hard to say because at some of our sites we have well water, and the only, really the savings is pretty small because you’re just talking about the energy to pump the water. Here we’re on a utility district and the cost per gallon is considerable. So I think one you’d have to really look for the cost. You’d have to look at, if you’re, you know, what your, what your cost is per gallon. But also I guess to go beyond this is that if we really are trying to just conserve water that, it might be cheaper to pay for the leak rather than to go through and replace water systems. I know that’s kind of a pessimistic approach, but some of these water systems that we’re operating are forty to fifty years old, and the replacement value is millions of dollars. Unfortunately it’s probably cheaper just to be paying for more water as it leaks into the ground, but that’s not at all what we’re trying to do. So as far as the irrigation goes, I think it’s a nice thing, it’s not necessarily, not that it’s a luxury but it’s something that we can easily shut off, and not see a considerable loss in our ability to perform our mission. Such as, you know, we can’t shut off water to our buildings where our employees occupy. We certainly can’t shut off water to our fire hydrants when they're necessary for protection of facilities. But the irrigation to landscaping is something that we can certainly reduce. And I’m not a vegetation expert but I know that we do have a lot of people that are suggesting alternatives, plants and shrubs that are more sustainable and more natural in the [UNINT] environment rather than putting something in that requires us to irrigate. LP: Excellent. Thank you Michael. MA: Thank you. KN: Thanks for your question, Lara. That might be a topic of a future webinar. I don’t have any return on investment numbers but I do know of case studies where people have gotten local extension services involved or had local schools volunteer to help plant new plants. So that might be something that we can explore on a future webinar. And Melanie it looks like there’s one more question, so we’ll take that last question and then we’ll move on to the next speaker. MOD: Okay. [Zakir], your line has been unmuted. 411716 KN: Are you there, [Zakir]? MV: I don’t have a handset. KN: We can hear you now. We can now. MV: Oh, you can hear me now? Okay. I did not actually have a question, I was trying to type a question. Yeah, I think in response to one question, on the what do you do when you have well water versus what do you do when you buy water? I think that was very well said, that sometimes that maybe you're better off probably, if you don’t have money to do the project, to let the leak go. I think that is a pretty good response for the systems that you own, depending on the, the size of the leak. So that’s the only comment I had on that one. But I was typing a question, on – MA: Yeah, we’ve, unfortunately we’ve drained a, say, a 500,000 gallon in a matter of hours because of a leak. MV: [UNINT] MA: We also, we’ve put in a lot of low flush toilets and low flush, or low consumption shower heads, and those are all fantastic. You know those save .6 gallons per flush, you know, and those are great. But man, as far as, you know, a six inch line flowing under 100 PSI, it drains a half a million gallon tank in a matter of hours. That’s a huge waste of water, so we’d like to avoid that as much as we can, but these older systems are just, are really prone to leaking. MV: So what took so long to address that problem? MA: Regarding the landscaping at the supervisor’s office? MV: Right. MA: Well, you know, it’s interesting because, you know, we were, in Engineering it was pretty easy for us to shut the irrigation system off, but there were a lot of employees that really liked the vegetation that we had at the building, so it was, it did take a little while to, for people to accept the fact that, you know, we had some trees that died, and some plants that died. But once we got past that first year no one’s really come back to us and said 411716 anything. Especially when we were able to make the case that we were just wasting enormous amounts of water. MV: That’s a tradeoff. MA: Yeah, for sure. MV: Well, thanks for sharing that. MA: Thank you. KN: Thanks for your question, [Zakir], and thanks, Michael. If you have time and can stick around till the end in case people have more questions that would be great. MA: Okay, super. KN: Thanks. And so now I’d like to present our next speaker. Dan Ray is the District Fuel Specialist on the Smokey Bear Ranger District of the Lincoln National Forest, and he’ll be sharing his water harvesting project. So Dan, whenever you’re ready. DR: Okay. Thank you very much. You can go to the next slide. And I don’t see a picture on that one. Oh, there it is. Okay, what we did here on our, on the Smokey Bear Ranger District on the Lincoln National Forest was we put in for the regional micro grant program, I believe it was in 2010. We wanted to start doing rainwater harvesting. So we used the money to buy – in the picture you see a big black plastic tank, and that holds 5,000 gallons of water. So basically it’s pretty simple, we put it next to the building, to one of our large buildings on the ranger station, the engine base, and then you go to the next slide. And then we paid to have some gutters put on the building. There weren’t any originally, so we had the seamless gutters put on, and – along both sides of the building – and then, go to the next slide. And then they join together and we pipe them down into the 5,000 gallon tank. So here you see him, the contractor, he’s taking the gutters and feeding them together in this PVC pipe, and then, go to the next slide. And here he is getting it all flowing into the tank. Go ahead, go to the next slide. And this is basically the finished product. You can see the gutters just blend in with the building. A lot of folks already have gutters on 411716 their buildings, or, you know, it’s a fairly normal thing to have or put on your building. And then you just feed it into the top of the tank. What you can’t see is that the, coming out towards the top is an outflow, or an overflow pipe, to feed back into the ground. And then at the bottom, you can see, we’ve got our discharge fitting that we put on there. And I did buy kind of a specialty discharge fitting that was kind of expensive, from one of our fire, Cascade Fire, a company that makes fittings for fire engines and stuff like that, so we could hook it up to our engines and it would be, you know, fit right to their draft hoses. Next slide. The rationale behind doing this project, we are located in Southwest, it’s very arid, dry spring and early summer months are when we have most of our employees on, like most probably rangers, ranger districts in the Forest Service. The fact that we are in the mountains, though, we’re in the Sacramento Mountains and we receive a substantial percent of our annual rainfall in the monsoon season, which is midJuly through mid-September. So we get a lot of moisture, only part of the year, and then our winters are kind of, the last ten years have been pretty sketchy. We used to get lots of snow in the ’80s and ‘90s, and then after about 2002 it’s been pretty sketchy about how much moisture we get from snow. So we like to capture a lot of that rainfall during that, those couple months of the monsoons. And next slide. Rationale continued, our heavy monsoon rains do tend to cause damage due to fast moving runoff. We are located in a town, in the town of Ruidoso so there’s also lots of pavement and roads and concrete as well, so you get these huge thunderstorm downpours, and then it collects and runs down the roads and sometimes we have flooding in the residential areas and then erosion problems in the forested areas. So that’s another reason, is the amount of that heavy rainfall. If we capture some of that, it reduces the amount that’s going to go far down the road and contribute to problems. Our facilities have large roof areas, so collecting lots of water is pretty easy for us. And rainwater harvesting has been becoming more popular over the last ten years in this area, as people’s wells are drying up, their water table’s dropping, and the flow is going down out of their wells. So we look at ourselves as being, you know, a part of the community, even though we are actually, we are on a well system, we are basically 411716 right, you can’t tell that, you know, technically we’re on a national forest but we’re basically in town, so that when the town goes on water restrictions, you know, we like to kind of not be throwing water everywhere on our lawns for a nice green lawn, and you know being a bad role model. So we figured we’d put on some rainwater harvesting tanks and use it as an educational tool. Next slide. Some of our specs that we came up with, one inch of rain will produce .625 gallons, a little over a half a gallon of water for every square foot of roof you have. Our engine base is twenty – ah, 2,732 square feet. So if it were 2,500 square feet, kind of round down to an even number, we could harvest an estimated 33,000 gallons, 33,708 gallons of water from you know considering an average annual precipitation. Of course our storage on that one tank is 5,000 gallons, so that’s as much as we can store at that one time. Go ahead to the next slide. Costs, our proposal that we requested through the regional micro grant program, we asked for $3,500. We spent most of that on the tank itself. It cost almost $3,100 for the 5,000 gallon tank. Another $1,700 was spent on the installation of the gutters and the pipes to get it into the tank. And then that discharge fitting cost about $650. So in total costs, it was $5,444 for this 5,000 gallon rainwater harvesting system. Extra funding, we just took it out of district and forest money, you know, for the gutters and such. Next slide. Okay, I think this will go to, okay, and then after our next year, or after our initial year, we decided to replicate the same thing on, on another work center on the district, about 30, well about 20 miles away from here, where there’s another engine base during the summertime. So you see another 5,000 gallon tank and slightly different but you can see where we’re collecting water off of both ends of the building and running it down to, or both sides of the building and running it down to the one end and into the 5,000 gallon tank. Next slide. Go ahead to, that’s just the close-ups, and we’ll go to the next slide. Okay, some of the water uses that we decided to, that we would use this water for is for filling fire engine and fire prevention truck tanks, washing district vehicles, trailers, firehose, and assorted equipment, and landscaping. So basically that way we could use this 411716 rainwater that harvested, use it right out of the tank, we’re not filtering it, we’re not drinking it, anything like that. We’re just, non-potable water for engines, fire engines and things like washing vehicles and equipment which, which we generally use a power sprayer hooked up and gets high pressure and wash vehicles. And then landscaping, for the final thing. Next slide. Okay, here’s a photo example of the, one of our engines that’s just backed up to the tank, and they just hook up this, their draft hose right to the discharge fitting, and open the valve and draft and it’s as simple, it’s as simple as pulling up to a hydrant or pulling up to a pond or a Fol-Da-Tank that they would on a fire. Next slide. And this shows, we hooked up a – and this is just kind of to demonstrate the ability to hook up sprinklers, and that sprinkler is just using gravity to feed it. And, but if you’re doing extensive landscaping or farther away or up a slope you would want to add some pressure to that. You know, add a pump to pressurize your water coming out of that tank. But this right here is just from gravity. And you can see the black pipe coming out of the top of the tank is our overflow, so when it gets to that level, it, we just pipe it back down into the ground and tie it back into a culvert for rainwater that you’d, that kind of guides the runoff in general. Okay, next slide? And we ended up adding a third building. This is our main office building, and in 2010 we started a people’s garden at our ranger station, a community garden. And we received a different grant from the RC&D Council to go ahead and put a 3,000 gallon tank and put a gutter on the building. And we use this exclusively for watering our plants and our garden, so all our vegetables and stuff that we raise in the garden is, generally we start out with the rainwater and they love it a lot more than our well water because our well water has a lot of minerals in it. And then when we drain this 3,000 gallon tank, the engine guys will pump water from the 5,000 gallon tank nearby and refill the 3,000 gallon tank. And when that’s done if we haven’t gotten to monsoon season yet, we’ll switch over to well water. Next slide? And here’s just another picture of the garden in the monsoon season as things are growing really good, and you can see the tank in the background. Next slide. And the 411716 other year we ended up putting up a solar panel you see just up on the roof above the tank, to facilitate using just an RV pump, which will give enough pressure from that tank water to give standard pressure to, like you would out of your house faucet, and to facilitate watering the garden much better. Next slide. A couple of side projects we did that I threw in here because I felt it related to water conservation and maybe other forests or land management districts out there. We did acquire, me and my coworker acquired through excess property from an air force base, about 115 solar panels that were never used, and on our district of course is really arid, and we have, we do have cattle grazing on the forest. We have permittees that have some of these. We’ve got these old windmills that are either broken or require a lot of maintenance. So what we’ve started doing is putting up the solar panels and running a solar powered pump down in the well, and then feeding that water up into a storage tank and using the storage to right of the old windmill structure. And that ends up being a lot less maintenance and so just another use. Next slide. And what we’re looking at here is another thing that we do, our wildlife folks do is they get together with New Mexico Game and Fish, that collects a certain portion of money from hunting licenses and put it back to habitat improvement. And this is basically rainwater harvesting out in the middle, you know, out in the woods. We set up these, generally they’re 3,000 gallon tanks, metal tanks, and they’re fitted with these aprons that collect, so the surface area is a lot larger. Collect a lot of water, the wings collect a long of rainwater and it flows down to the center where there’s a hole, and fills up the take, and then we’ll run in out to a wildlife drinker for wildlife habitat improvement. Next slide. And here’s some of the results from the water from that tank going into a drinker in the wildlife use. Next slide. Other water projects we have, our supervisor’s office is a fairly new building and they use waterless urinals. I have, I don’t work down there all the time but I use them when I go down there. I have heard some people complain about them but generally if you don’t, a lot of folks do chew tobacco in this part of the country, so as long – that was one problem is to keep people from spitting their chewing tobacco into the waterless urinals. So that can cause 411716 problems. But if they’re well maintained, you're not using any water, whereas traditional urinals are using at least a half gallon, up to a gallon or even more for those old fashioned urinals. They don’t overflow. They don’t smell if they're treated right, so you kind of have to train your employees to, to not just throw anything in them. And they’re also touchless so it reduces risk of spreading germs. And then also the sinks and showers are, have all low flow heads as well. And next slide, unless that’s the last one, not sure. Okay. FV: That’s the last one. DR: Okay. All right. And that’s, I think that’s all I have. KN: Great, Dan, thank you, that is a cool case study and I like seeing how it started with one micro grant and then you guys just kept expanding on it, that’s really cool. DR: Right. And I do need, one thing. I’m sorry about that. Some, if folks want to replicate this, they do need to check with their laws. I know Colorado may have changed theirs but for a while I believe they were not allowing rainwater harvesting, and I believe it was tied to water rights. If you’re collecting rainwater that’s falling on your property it’s really stealing water that would have gone into a stream down below and somebody else might have those water rights. So I think that was a fairly old law, and I think it was changed, but folks in different states or different water districts probably need to check. But it’s becoming more acceptable and more widely used in the Southwest. KN: Great, thanks. Yeah, I know here in Oregon they changed the law so we are, it’s okay to harvest rainwater now. So if, Dan, if you have time to stick around I think we’ll have one more speaker go and then take questions for you? DR: Sure, that sounds good. KN: Okay, thanks. So I’m happy to introduce our next speaker. Jessica Richardson is a NEPA Planner on the Fremont-Winema National Forest. And she’ll be talking about different water conservation measures they use to reduce their footprint. So Jessica, whenever you’re ready. 411716 JR: Hey everyone. I hope you guys are all doing great today. Go ahead and go to the next slide please. So I, you know, a lot of these projects have kind of been on the bigger scale. I decided to go the opposite direction with our project. I thought, what could we do that can make a huge impact but doesn’t necessarily have to be something that someone has to tend to. And so we decided to go the route of replacing some of our showerheads in our bunkhouses and individual residences, as well as the kitchen and bathroom aerators. We also decided to tackle some of the, you know, the amount of water that toilets use can vary depending upon your make or year that it was made and stuff. So we thought okay, let’s figure out a way to decrease the amount of water that our toilets use. So we went and put some fun little devices called Toilet Tummies or you may have seen in years past your parents or grandparents use five gallon drum – buckets, or, not buckets but one gallon milk containers or something along those lines. All very similar ideas. And adjustable flappers. Next screen please. So after changing all of those things we realized some major savings. All of our stuff had to be estimates just because we’re one of those funky rural areas that’s not necessarily metered or metered accurately. So ours are based on just general estimates on a per person basis. So you can kind of look through here and see the toilet, shower, faucets, some of the basic things that you would be doing in either your private residence or some of the facilities that get used in the general areas or the main office. Now, so all of our stuff was based on pre-19, early ‘90s, early ‘80s models. So before you can see, our average for toilets was 623 gallons, and this is on a monthly basis. So that’s per person, per month, they were using 623 gallons to flush a toilet. By installing the devices that we did, we could realize a saving of 329. And I won’t go into each of these but mainly the thing I want to focus on is, the shower heads that we had installed used about seven gallons per minute. When we changed those with ones that only used 1.5 gallons per minute, we realize a savings of 5.5 gallons per minute. That’s a pretty huge savings, especially when you start extrapolating that out. The kitchen aerators that we replaced, we replaced them with 1.5 gallons per minute. They were using three. So we realized a savings of 1.5 gallons per minute, as well as the bathroom aerators actually were even a greater savings, reducing it, saving us two point, excuse me, two gallons 411716 per minute. So when you extrapolate all of that out and all of these numbers here that you see in the table, although you don’t see it there, it’s an estimated savings of over 2,500 gallons a month. This also includes minor other things that aren’t displayed in the table, because I wanted to focus on what we – talking about. So it’s a pretty major change. Next slide please. Some of the important things that kind of came out of this project is, you know, there are no project is going to be a slam dunk, nothing is going to be perfectly laid out in front of you. One of the, some of the things that we realized when we were tackling this problem is just how many different kinds of devices we would need. For the most part, aerators, all the same general, you know, kitchen or bathroom faucet. But when it came to looking at toilets, you know, the Toilet Tummies didn’t necessarily fit in every single make and model toilet that we had. So you really have to look at what products you have when you want to do something on a small scale like this and just replace little things. Look at what you have, how many different companies are you going to have to buy from. Because if you have to start buying from a lot of different companies that’s increased shipping costs, which is increased packaging, which is not helping to reduce a footprint. You also have to think, because of where we are, we’re so rural, you know, if we need anything that requires outside contractors, it’s an additional charge on our time and we have to plan things a lot better to try and have them do more than one project at a time. So it’s not just when you’re planning a water project it’s, or any kind of these projects, it’s not just one aspect that you have to look at. You have to look at, okay, am I saving in this area only to be increasing costs in this area or increasing my footprint in this area or in this area. And so that’s why we chose to go kind of smaller, because it was things we could do in house, it was things that we could handle and control within our own abilities and within the local sources that we had. So the other big part of this project that we did was, we didn’t want to just do these things and then no one really knows that we did them. So we wanted to educate our zone employees and get the information out to them, what did we do, why did we do it, and how did we go about doing it. The link that you see on the bottom of this page is actually, 411716 it’s a Forest Service link, and it provides quick little things that you can put up, energy saving ideas that you can put up around bunkhouses, which we’ve done to try and encourage and reinforce this. Next slide please. And then you know I went around and asked a couple people before I did, created this, just to see how much of that information you know, how much of the information that we’ve been sharing and getting out to other employees is sticking with them. So I went around and polled people in the office and asked them what kind of ideas they could come up with with saving water. And these were some of the basic ones that they came up with. As you can see, it’s really just simple things, maybe it’s things that you already do every day, but to give you an idea of how big of an impact they can make, you can see here. It says, turn off the water while you brush your teeth, save four gallons a minute. Well, that’s just a minute. Let’s extrapolate that out a little bit. So let’s say the average person, and this probably is a bit much, but let’s say the average person takes five minutes to wash, to brush their teeth, and they leave the water running. That’s 20 gallons per brush. If they brush their teeth two times a day, let’s say, you’ve got 40 gallons. If you do it seven times a week, or for seven days in a week, you have 280 gallons just to brush your teeth. And you can see there, just shaving, turning off the water while you shave, how much you can save. So it can give you an idea of these little things, can have really big results. Next slide please. So that’s extent of my PowerPoint but I don’t know Katie wants to do questions now or hold off to the very end, but, I’m – KN: Thanks, Jessica. That’s a, those are great examples of things that we could do at almost every Forest Service office. And I think we have time, so if you guys have questions for Dan or Jessica, please press *1 on your phone or type it in the “notes”. And while we’re waiting for people to dial in their questions, I do have one question for Dan. It’s, someone typed it in the notes. And it says, did Dan consider installing a green roof to catch runoff as another alternative. That’s Dan Ray, sorry. DR: Oh, I’m sorry, is that a suggestion? Or – we have not done that here but – 411716 KN: I think it was – it was just they, they were just wondering if you’d considered it or what you thought, I think. DR: I would, actually our buildings, the way they’re set up is probably, probably the best, easiest thing for us to do is the way they're laid out is to just do the rainwater harvesting with the tanks. I think the green, those green roofs are good if you have those big buildings with the flat roofs and stuff like that, is, from my limited knowledge. KN: Great, thank you. And Melanie, are there any questions over the phone? MOD: I believe [Zakir] would like to ask another question. I’ll unmute the line. KN: Thanks. MV: Can you hear me? KN: Yes, we can. MV: Dan, thank you for the presentation, that was really cool. And good to share. Just one thing, one caveat, I’m glad that you mentioned about the local rule, because they have been changing due to water shortages. But the point I want to make in addition to that is that that’s a very cool thing, [UINT] that the water is in shortage. To be looking at the cost effectiveness. Is it possible that if you have any specs or drawings that you can send us to the, to the [NTBC] or [UININT] because we have that [UNINT]? On the, on the rainwater system? DR: Oh, okay. You’re asking if I could send some facts on this type of project too? MV: Yeah, if you had developed any drawing or specifications to do that project. Because [UNINT] we do not have to reinvent the wheel, if they do consider a project like that. If there is a water shortage. Yeah. DR: Yeah, I can, yeah it’s a fairly simple project and it, and it would be pretty much the general specs of how much rainwater you can collect from an inch of rain on a square foot of roof space or collection space. And then actually they’re fairly simple projects, very easy to do, and then 411716 it would be catered to the specific area. If you’re somewhere farther, you know, that’s cold, quite a bit of time you might want to consider a tank that you can actually bury. And actually I’ve used those on my personal house. And the ones here that are exposed haven’t cracked under, under, actually we had some arctic weather two years ago that burst a lot of water pipes in our town, got down to below negative, well, -20 to -30 degrees here, which is abnormal, and burst a lot of people’s water pipes in town. But our water tanks were fine, although we don’t use them in the winter, we just insulate the output valves. But my personal house, I’ve got buried tanks and I had, you know, I was one of the few people that didn’t have bursting pipes or, from freezing pipes. So. But I, yes, I can send that to you. MV: Yeah, I understand, yeah, seemed like a fairly simple, simple project. So if you do it in house then probably there is not, not a whole lot that you have to do with a contracting, then. Yeah, so. Ah, well, I just wanted to ask if you had any additional information that you wanted to share. Especially if we are in a water shortage area. Yeah. Which I don’t think I have a problem in this week, in this region. It might even – thanks. DR: Okay, thank you. KN: Thanks for your questions. So we have three questions that have been typed in, so I’ll ask those three and then we’ll move on to the last topic. The first one is for Dan Golub, and it says will the new NSC system allow consumption to be shown in gallons instead of costs? Yeah. So you can see actual consumption. DG: Yup. KN: Okay, great, that was easy. Thank you. DG: Sure. KN: The next question is for Jessica. Did you have any, experience any issues from installing the aerators in having the hot water take too long to reach the faucet. JR: We didn’t actually experience anything like that. In fact, you know, I was concerned that some of the comments we’d get back is oh, I don’t – you know, especially with 411716 relation to the shower heads is, oh the flow of water in the shower just is horrible now. And we got quite the opposite, everyone who used them were like, it’s so much better than the old ones! So. Yeah, I didn’t experience any kind of problems, especially with relation to hot water. KN: Okay, great, thank you. And then the last question before we move on is for Dan, and is how did you keep debris out of the water tanks. DR: Okay, that’s a good question and it is a challenge and you do have to clean the gutters, or you know, it’s better to clean the gutters. We have pine trees so we get a lot of pine needles build up in the gutters themselves. And then actually just under the lid of the tanks there’s a, there’s a mesh wire basket that you can open up and it collects that debris, and so every once in a while you take the top off and clean out that basket, and put it back, and it’s not – KN: Okay, great, thank you for that answer. And so if you guys have questions for those speakers who have already gone, please hold them till the end. I think we’ll move on to the last topic and then open it up for questions for everybody. Oh, it looks like you, Jessica had one more slide, it’s the sources for her calculations. So that’s available there if anybody wants to look at those. So the next topic is the Top Ten Actions letter. And this topic will be covered by myself, Katie Newcomb, and Betsy Ballard. Betsy is the Resource Coordinator on the Stevensville Ranger District on the Bitterroot National Forest. So Betsy, whenever you’re ready. BB: Okay, thanks. I’m happy to be here. I did some analysis of the Top Ten Actions, and the letter that was sent out from the Western Collective Regional Foresters who at the time the letter was sent out were Region 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station. This letter identified ten readily implementable actions that we could all take during that fiscal year. And they’re just a good place for any forest to start as far as actions from the Climate Change Scorecard. The focus on the Top Ten Actions was to meet federal requirements, supporting the Climate Change Performance Scorecard, and identifying actions that engage all employees. 411716 And the results from these actions underscore the power of simple behavior changes that we’ve kind of talked about throughout this presentation with water, and some of the other examples are increasing the fuel efficiency of the Forest Service fleet by just one mile per gallon could reduce the agency’s fuel bill by $13 million annually. There’s several other examples there and on the web site, where the calculations are available, of these savings. Next slide please. This is just a slide that shows the focus areas of the top ten action items. Their different classes are energy, water, fleet and transportation, waste prevention and recycling. So this is again a subset of the, all the actions in the Climate Change Scorecard. Just an example of the, a few of them, is that energy, number one, has the initially utility bill cleanup been completed, and has your unit identified the top energy using facilities. A water example would be water number nine, are your, does your unit hold water awareness activities annually and share the water savings progress and opportunities with employees? And a waste prevention and recycling example would be number five, does your unit retain recycling proceeds to reinvest in additional sustainable operations activities? Next slide please. So the, again, some more sustainable operations action examples are, energy number six, we kind of talked about this with water, but with energy you could install occupancy sensors and smart strips, and could meet the action items, we’d have to do it in 40, or in 70% of the buildings that the employees occupy. In this instance it was 48 of the 64 buildings. Other things you could install would be vending misers, or LED exit signs. In this example there was an estimated kilowatt and cost savings of five to 50% and that equates to, well, up to $5 million. And again there’s an example of the savings when, when we minimize paper use, when printing and copying documents, you can just minimize your printing or print duplex, and that can result in an estimated cost and paper savings of 20 to 30% or up to $2 million. Next slide please. This slide shows just an analysis that I did by breaking out the data from the Climate Change Scorecard. I broke out the data for just the top ten actions for all the forests and the different regions that reported. Let’s see. The data table displayed shows kind of my interpretation of the 411716 narrative data that was provided and also there was some yes/no data from spreadsheet G. So as a result trying to interpret this data, I developed a kind of a yes, partially, category, where for example in the E1 category, people had done some work on the energy audit is mostly completed but not done, or possibly in waste and recycling number five, they have a recycling program that may not have specified reinvestment in sustainable operations. So it was just on the bottom of that chart you can see my kind of ‘yes-p’ results. Next slide please. This is [UNINT] to a table showing the list of the Top Ten Actions and the results from the data analysis I did. And it shows the number of Forest Service units implementing the action item with a positive yes, and then a percent of I believe it was 112 units, percent of the total forest units that completed that action. So you can see there’s kind of a wide range of completion. Next slide please. And this next slide is just a more visual way to present the data in the other table. And it shows for instant the energy six bar, which was using energy efficient technologies. Let’s see. Let me look at my notes. In 75% of the buildings it was the lowest percent accomplishment, less than 10%. And whereas the fleet, 11, which was the video teleconferencing, showed the highest accomplishment, which was way over 50% of accomplishment. So this just kind of shows where we’re able to accomplish some of the top ten actions, and then maybe where there’s room for improvement in a few of those. Thank you. Or next slide please. And I think Katie will be taking over from this slide. Thank you. KN: Thanks. Thanks, Betsy. These Top Ten Actions are, have been analyzed for how much they can reduce our environmental footprint and increase our cost savings so that’s why we’re taking a closer look at these, and Betsy’s analysis combines the narrative responses with the appendix to your responses, which is, it’s a lot of work. So thank you, Betsy. Now I just wanted to go over some quick case studies that, case studies quickly that we have looked at on, in webinars in the past. We’ve actually covered all of the Top Ten Actions on this peer learning series, so I just wanted to provide a quick overview of where you guys can find that information in case your unit is still working on some of the Top Ten 411716 Actions. So these are just links, and this webinar will be available to all the participants afterwards, so I just wanted to make sure that you guys all had these links directly associated with the Top Ten Actions results. So this first slide covers the utility bill cleanup and energy efficient technologies, which were two topics we covered at the beginning of the calendar year in 2012. Power down computers and lights policy, and water and energy awareness activities were also covered. So you can see the links to those two topics on this slide. Excuse me. We, in a webinar about tackling the low hanging fruit we talked about utilizing webinar and VTC technologies, and several different creative ideas to post the fuel economy for all vehicles. So, those were actually both in the same webinar, so there’s just one link here, and you can access information for both of those. And then fin-, sharing eco driving trips and retaining recycling proceeds were also both covered. Forests shared a couple different innovative ways to share the eco driving tips. And then the recycling proceeds includes all of the detailed information you’d need to set up that program on your unit. So you can see the links are there. And the last Top Ten Actions is minimizing paper use, which was covered in a webinar last year. And then I also just wanted to provide a link to the SusOps internal web site, in addition to the peer learning series, there are several other resources where you can use fact sheets or posters, or just read different case studies that we have covered here. So I wanted to be sure to include that link to the internal web site when providing these resources. One thing we also wanted to touch on was tips for region wide success. We’ve noticed that support from leadership and communication were two of the most important things when regions were successful in completing these Top Ten Actions, so we wanted to share some ideas for how you can garner support from leadership and then communication, which includes sharing an official letter with all your employees about completing the Top Ten Actions, on all the units in your region. Sharing results at RLT meetings. Asking leadership to participate on Green Team conference calls or Green Team meetings. And then there’s several different communication options that you can see on the screen. And a few other ideas are inter-unit competition; I’ll talk about an example of that in a moment. And then focusing on a few different items each year, so if it seems 411716 overwhelming to tackle all ten actions in one year, your region can decide which ones are priority for this fiscal year, and then tackle different ones next fiscal year. And then finally if the Top Ten Actions are included in the Green Team action plans they’re made a priority on your unit. So it’s important to make sure they’re included. And then I just wanted to use Region 10 as an example of Top Ten Actions success. Part of the things I’ll touch on were done by Region 10 as a whole and part of them were done by the Tongass National Forest. But what the Tongass has done is very applicable to any region. The first, you have seen the green box as an example of a blurb from the Deputy Regional Forester. And she included the Top Ten Actions Challenge in an email to all of the employees. So having that continued leadership focus on these Top Ten Actions helped Region 10 prioritize those actions for the year. And then they, the Tongass National Forest actually completed all Top Ten Actions in FY ’12 so they are keeping the idea going that they’ll focus on specific actions each year, and moved on. So you can see on the bottom of the slide that there’s a letter to all the employees and they’ve chosen the next three actions from the climate change scorecard. But if your unit hasn’t completed the Top Ten you could use a similar letter to highlight the ones that you want them to prioritize. And with that Top Three Actions letter the Tongass included fact sheets. There’s a ‘did you know’ fact on the right side of the slide is about sorting and disposing of junk mail, and getting rid of junk mail is one of the items that they are focusing on for FY ’13. So as you can see by sharing fact sheets, sending official letters from leadership and then just having leadership included in informal communications such as email, has really helped prioritize the Top Ten Actions on the Tongass and in Region 10 in general. So that’s all Betsy and I had for you guys for the Top Ten Actions. If you’re interested in region-specific performance just drop me an email and let me know and I can provide that data for you. And I just wanted to put a plug in for our next peer learning webinar, which is actually number 17. It’s Wednesday, April 3rd at 10 a.m. Pacific, and it will be covering the Leadership and Sustainable Operations database, unveiling the energy reduction plan, and then talking about lessons learned from the Sustainable Operations Collective greenhouse gas tracking team. So we have about nine more minutes of the webinar so I’d just 411716 like to open it up for questions for any of our speakers. So again, as a reminder, press *1 to ask a question over the phone, or you can type the question in the ‘notes’ on your screen. So Melanie, do we have any phone call questions? MOD: I do have [Zakir] again. So I’m going to unmute his line. MV: This question is for Dan, I don’t know if Dan is still online, Dan Golub? We may have – DG: Yeah, I’m here. MV: Dan, my question is on the energy and water data. I mean, does it, two parts, one, a question’s a question. So we are, last year I heard that it was going to be somewhat done on the data, if you clean up the [nasty reports] that are on the, [UNINT], and I don’t think that happened. But now you’re saying that to moving to, and next year we will have better data? DG: The Sustainable Operations tool, I’m not sure exactly when I said that I would be cleaning that up but I think that was probably awhile ago. I realized a while ago that it was going to be impossible to do that. There’s too many errors, there’s too much data, and it takes really manually combing through to really identify the errors and then fix them in the tool. And just because they’re fixed in the tool doesn’t mean that those errors are not going to recur in the future, because they are, the tool is just a reflection of the data from the NFC system. And if there are errors in the NFC system, those are just going to just be reflected in the tool. So if there’s, if you see errors in data that pertains to you or accounts that are relating to your local area, I would suggest that you talk to a budget person or whoever is in charge of that account through [TUMS]. And that’s how the errors can get fixed, through the NFC system or, if it’s at the utility, then you have to go to the utility. But the errors that are in the tool are the errors that are at NFC. MV: Yeah, I understand – DG: [UNINT] this new system will have sort of, when an invoice comes in, they’ll scan it and they extract, they say, up to 140 pieces of data per invoice. And then they run a little audit on the numbers to make sure that everything adds up. 411716 And all of that stuff doesn’t happen now. It’s so much simpler now, because the system they used was really initially meant to be an accounting system, not an energy or utility management or tracking system, and so it’s just really limited in what it can do. Whereas this new system is meant to do what we need it to do, and yeah, I think it’ll be, the data that we see coming out of that system would be much, much better. MV: Okay, then [UNINT] – DG: The data, the vendor, as a service, will look into those errors with the utility, and try to resolve those errors between the vendor, the NFC vendor and the utility. So you know the Forest Service or the person on the local unit who manages that account won’t really have to do that, thaey’ll just get a notification that that has been done on their behalf and the problem has been resolved. MV: Yeah, my question was not, it’s impossible to clean, clean up the data at your end. My question was about the NFC [UNINT] the data. I heard, I mean, that there was going to be a contract to clean up the data at the NFC end. [UNINT] from the Washington office, [UNINT] the office. So that, I know – DG: You mean the old data? MV: Right. DG: Previous years’ data? MV: Yup. DG: I don’t think there are any plans to change what, at NFC. There may be an effort by this vendor to go through the old invoices, which are still stored at NFC, and scan through those and apply these, you know, these algorithms and everything, and, and try to get more accurate historic data. But the real effort at this point is for now and into the future. MV: Okay, so you’re talking about that big contract, that [UNINT] energy to [UNINT] right. DG: Sorry, I didn’t catch that. 411716 MV: You’re talking about the contract that we had to do the first energy report in 2006 or so. Anyway, that’s okay. On the energy plan and water plan I had one comment and a question. How is that going to be [UNINT] and analyzed so we have it right? DG: How is the plan going to be analyzed? MV: How the plan is going to be reviewed by the people. Like for example if you have energy plan, so who is preparing that plan and how that will be revealed by the experts before it gets down to the implementation level? DG: Well, there are a lot of – MV: Energy plan and water plan. DG: Okay, energy plan and water plan are two separate plans, but the energy plan is already underway. We have gotten all of the deputy areas and staff areas and individuals identified and actions identified and assigned, and things are moving along with that. The water plan, and as far as how analyzed, just, it’s [not] exactly analyzed, it’s more of like a brainstorm of what do you need for your deputy area, what do you need for your deputy area, who is the person to get it done, and let’s do it. And so needs are identified by the people who have identified a need for their own, you know, for their job duties. And then we figure out how to meet that need. And I think the same thing is going to happen with this water plan. Sarah Baker and I will be working on this plan along with input from other people, including the Water Advisory Board, which I think you’re a part of. And with them and with facility engineers and with Sustainable Ops folks, it’s really open to suggestions from anybody that wants to make a suggestion on things that they need to get their jobs done. And what’s a possible solution. And, you know, if you identify a need and a solution then you’re probably going to be the person that gets assigned to do it, as far as you can, and then, you know, your supervisor or a staff area or deputy director in that area can assist with greasing the skids to get this work done. But you know whoever needs the work done will identify that. And I don’t think there’s, I’m not sure we’re exactly, what you mean by how the plan will be analyzed. But that’s how it’s developed, and that’s how the, you know, it kind of moves forward. 411716 MV: Yeah, I mean, my question – KN: Dan, this is Katie. Oh, I’m going to jump in really quick. The Energy Reduction Plan is the topic for the April peer learning webinar, so if you have questions about that you’ll have a chance to talk with I think people on that team and the two detailers who are leading that effort. So I think that if you have questions on the Energy Reduction Plan they might be answered in April. MV: Okay, that’s fine, but he had those [key topics]. Because I want to see that on the front end, if there’s a plan [they’re coming] that he has to implement, that it has to be reviewed by people so that we do not end up creating another [to] data that is not as good as we thought should have, could have, would have. That was my question for Dan, can he [UNINT] with that, like energy report with energy experts, energy managers, and water report with us, what needs to be done. That was the only question. [UNINT] That’s it. Thank you. KN: Yep. Thank you very much for your question. And I don’t see any other questions online. Are there any other questions over the phone, Melanie? MOD: I am not seeing any further questions either, Katie. KN: Okay. Well thank you very much to all of the speakers. I appreciate your time today. And thanks for all the participants. You guys ask great questions. And tune in next week, when we’ll be talking about the Energy Reduction Plan, if you’d like to learn more about that. Thanks for your time.